TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises a metal oxide, mixed-metal oxide, or its combinations. The metal oxide and/or mixed metal oxide is a conductive oxide, where the conductive oxide is tin-doped indium oxide (ITO). The metal oxide and/or mixed metal oxide are photocatalytic oxides. Photocatalytic oxide is selected from titanium (IV) oxide, hematite (iron (III) oxide), tungsten (VI) oxide, and its combinations. The layer, coating, or particles are physically and chemically stable. Preferred Process: In oxidizing organic species, a carbon-hydrogen bond is oxidized. Preferred Definitions:    M=selected from Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Rh, Ir, or its combinations;    a=0.5-1;    b=0-2;    c=1.5-3; and    Y'=charged or uncharged, a phosphorous-based ligand, where the phosphorus-based ligand is selected from dialkyl phosphines, trialkyl phosphine, alkyl diaryl phosphines, triaryl phosphines, and its combinations; where the ligand is an alkyl diaryl phosphine, the alkyl diarylphosphine is selected from 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe), 4,5-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (Xantphos), triphenylphosphine, bis((2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl) ether (DPEphos), and its combinations; or the ligand is a nitrogen-based ligand, where the nitrogen-based ligand is a N-heterocycle, where the N-heterocycle is selected from 2,2'-bipyridine, 3,3'-bipyridine, and its combinations; or the nitrogen-based ligand is a secondary amine, tertiary amine, or its combinations, where the secondary amine, tertiary amine, or its combinations are substituted with alkyl and/or aryl groups; or the ligand is a sulfur-based ligand, where the sulfur-based ligands are selected from S-heterocycles, alkyl and/or aryl thioethers, or its combinations; or the ligand is an arsenic-based ligand, where the arsenic-based catalyst is selected from As-heterocycles, tertiary arsine with alkyl and/or aryl substituents, and its combinations.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.