TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium-containing oxide includes a lithium-titanium oxide of formula: LixTiyMzOn, TiaMbOc or Li(d+3)F3TieO12, where x is 1-4, y is 1-5, z is 0-3, n is 3-12, a is 1-2, b is 0-2, c is 1-7, d is 2.4-4.2, e is 4.8-6.6, and M is an element chosen from lithium, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, strontium, chromium, vanadium, iron, cobalt, nickel, zirconium, zinc, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, yttrium, niobium, gallium, tin, molybdenum, tungsten, barium, lanthanum, cerium, silver, tantalum, hafnium, ruthenium, bismuth, antimony and arsenic. The lithium-titanium oxide is chosen from lithium titanate (Li2TiO3), lithium-titanium complex oxide (Li4Ti5O12), lithium-titanium complex oxide (Li2Ti3O7), lithium-chromium complex oxide (LiCrTiO4), lithium-iron-titanium complex oxide (LiFeTiO4), lithium-titanium-silicon complex oxide (Li2TiSiO5), lithium-titanium-phosphorus complex oxide (LiTiPO5) and lithium-titanium-phosphorus complex oxide (LiTi2(PO4)3). The titanium-containing oxide includes titanium dioxide, titanium(IV) oxysulfate and titanium pyrophosphate. The content of titanium-containing oxide is 1-20 wt.% with respect to total weight of the negative active material layer. The metal nanoparticle includes silicon, tin, aluminum, germanium, lead, bismuth, antimony and their oxides, preferably silicon or its oxide. The negative active material layer further includes a conductive material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The negative active material layer further includes a binder chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, polybenzimidazole, polyimide, polyvinylacetate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxyl methyl cellulose, starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, reclaimed cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyaniline, acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, poly(phenylene sulfide), polyamidoimide, polyether imide, polyethylene sulfone, polyamide, polyacetal, poly(phenylene oxide), polybutylene terephthalate, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, sulfonated ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber and fluororubber.