TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbonaceous material is natural graphite, artificial graphite, hard carbon or nonreinforced carbon black. The carbonaceous material further includes spheroidized graphite formed by spheroidizing flaky graphite, and/or spheroidized graphite coated with carbon. The negative electrode is equipped a negative-electrode active material layer containing the negative-electrode active material. The negative-electrode active material layer comprises two or more layers of carbonaceous material in which crystallinity and/or orientation differs. Alternately, the carbonaceous material is a composite carbonaceous material containing particulate-form carbonaceous substance (a) and carbonaceous substance (b) whose crystallinity differs from the particulate-form carbonaceous. The particulate-form carbonaceous substance is graphite-type carbonaceous substance (A) containing natural graphite and/or artificial graphite, thermolytic material (B) obtained by thermally decomposing coal-based coke, petroleum-based coke, furnace black, acetylene black and/or pitch-based carbon fiber, carbonized material (C) of organic substance gas, and carbonaceous substance (D) formed by graphitizing at least one portion of components (B) and (C). The composite carbonaceous material preferably comprises graphite-type carbonaceous substance and low-crystalline carbonaceous substance. The content of graphite-type carbonaceous substance with respect to total content of composite carbonaceous material is 50 %mass or more. The composite carbonaceous material is prepared by mixing particulate-form carbonaceous substance and carbonizable organic substance, and heat-processing the mixture to 400-3200 degrees C. The carbonaceous material further contains composite graphite particles formed by complexing spherical natural graphite particles and graphitized binder. The content of carbonyl group in the surface of the composite graphite particles normalized by BET specific surface area is 1.35-5 mu mol/m2. The content of additive (A1) with respect to total content of nonaqueous electrolyte is 0.01 %mass or more. The metallic compound-type material contains lithium-titanium oxide of formula: LixAyTizO4 (I) or Lix'Tiy'Mz'O4 (II). Lithium-titanium oxide (I) includes titanium dioxide, lithium titanate, lithium-titanium oxide of formula: Li0.8Ti2.2O4, Li1.33Ti1.67O4 or Li1.14Ti1.71O4, or lithium-chromium-titanium oxide. Lithium-titanium oxide (II) includes lithium-titanium oxide of formula: Li4/3Ti5/3O4, Li1Ti2O4, Li4/5Ti11/5O4 or Li4/3Ti4/3Al1/3O4.A=element chosen from transition metal element, group 1 element (excluding lithium), group 2 element or group 13 element;x=0-3;y=0-1.3;z=1-2.5;M=element chosen from Na, K, Co, Al, Fe, Ti, Mg, Cr, Ga, Cu, Zn or Nb;x'=0.7-1.5;y=1.5-2.3;andz=0-1.6.Preferred Properties: The circularity of the composite carbonaceous material is 0.85 or more. The average circularity of the composite graphite particles is 0.85-0.95.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte further contains 0.01-10 %mass additive (B1) chosen from vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, monofluoro lithium phosphate, difluoro lithium phosphate, lithium difluoro(bisoxalato)phosphate, lithium tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphate, lithium tris(oxalato)phosphate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, 1,3-propane sultone, and 1,3-propene sultone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbonaceous substance (b) is low-crystalline carbonaceous substance (b1) whose crystallinity is lower than the particulate-form carbonaceous substance, carbonizable organic substance (b2) which is chosen from coal-based heavy oil, direct flow-type heavy oil, decomposition-type petroleum heavy oil, aromatic hydrocarbon, nitrogen-containing aromatic compound, sulfur-containing aromatic compound, polyphenylene, organic synthesis polymer, natural polymer, thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin, and/or low-molecular organic solvent (b3).