TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: In a discharge state, the cathode includes liquid-state component containing sodium halide and solid-state component containing groups 12-14 transition metals. The battery is charged by a charge reaction according to reaction equation (1) and discharged by discharge reaction according to reaction equation (2), and has liquid-state cathode in which sodium halide (NaX) and metal halide (MXm) of reaction equations (1) and (2) are dissolved at the time of charging and discharging the battery. The solvent dissolves the entire metal halides. The cathode is in an entirely liquid state in a charge state. The battery further comprises cathode current collector contacting the cathode to collect current and providing current movement path to the outside. Cathode current collector contains graphite, graphene, titanium, copper, platinum, aluminum, nickel, silver, gold, and/or carbon nanotube. Metal halide is represented by formulae MXm (I) or NaX (II). Cathode contains 0.5-10 M metal halide. Sodium alloy is sodium-cesium alloy and/or sodium-rubidium alloy. Solid electrolyte is beta -alumina or sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON).M=transition metals and/or groups 12-14 metals;X=halo; andm=1-4.Preferred Parameters: Operation temperature of the battery is room temperature to 200 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is non-aqueous organic solvent and/or ionic liquid, such as 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butandiol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol, 2-butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, 1,3-cyclopentanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3 -cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanediethanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, formamide, N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N,N-diethyl acetamide, N,N-dimethyl trifluoroacetamide, hexamethylphosphoramide, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, alpha -terpineol, beta -terpineol, dihydroterpineol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylsulfoxide, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, pyrrole, 2H-pyrrole, 3H-pyrrole, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, 2-pyrazoline, 2-imidazoline, 1H-imidazole, triazole, isoxazole, oxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, oxazolone, oxathiazole, imidazoline-2-thione, thiadiazole, triazole, piperidine, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, piperazine, triazine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, indole, isoindole, indazole, benzisoxazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, naphthyridine, phthalazine, benzoxazine, benzoadiazine, pteridine, phenazine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, and/or acridine.