TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: Glass material is selected from sodium oxide (Na2O), sodium sulfide (Na2S), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), boron trioxide (B2O3), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), phosphorus trioxide (P2O3), alumina (Al2O3), silica (SiO2), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), barium oxide (BaO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), germanium dioxide (GeO2), silicon sulfide (SiS2), antimony oxide (Sb2O3), tin sulfide (SnS), tantalum sulfide (TaS2), phosphorus pentasulfide (P2S5), and/or boron trisulfide (B2S3), preferably Na2O-B2O3. Preferred Parameter: Glass material reduces grain boundary resistivity of sodium-super-ionic-conductor framework.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio of NaxAyBzP3-zOw to glass material is 100:1-1:4. Sodium-super-ionic-conductor framework is Na3Zr2Si2PO12. Molar ratio Na3Zr2Si2PO12:Na2O-B2O3 is 12.2:1. Sodium-super-ionic-conductor framework is NaZr2(PO4)3. Preferred Form: Solid electrolyte composite is in a powder form, a film, a pellet, or a sheet. Preferred Process: Powder compacting technique includes tape casting, pressing, pelletizing, sintering, and/or annealing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The second electrode bus-bar portion is selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, gold, aluminum, zinc, indium, tin, bismuth and lead.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Two insulating films are formed with silicone resin, and is provided with the material containing resin selected from polyimide resin, polyamidoimide resin, fluororesin, phenol resin, melamine resin, urea resin, polyurethane, epoxy resin, acrylic resin and polyester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weight average length of the fibers is 250 mu m to 1 cm, preferably 0.5-5 mm. The organic polymeric fibers are ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (preferred), polybenzobisoxazole, polyhydroquinone diimidazopyridine or poly(phenylene benzobisthiazole). The polymeric fibers are present at 3-70 wt.% polymeric carrier. The polymeric carrier is (silicon) grease, pastes, paints, lacquers or adhesives. The carrier further comprises at least one filler and/or additive comprising calcium carbonate, clay, rubber particles, fibers, or glass particles, UV stabilizers, thermal stabilizers, anti-oxidants, leveling agents, flow agents, anti-static additives or anti-fog additives. Preferred Method: The thermal conductive high modules organic polymeric fibers are bundled and a sharp blade is used to cut the bundled fibers. During the step of reducing the size of the fibers, the fibers are cooled with a cooling fluid, prefrably water. The step (a3) is carried such the amount of the thermal conductive high modules organic polymeric fibers is 3-70 wt.%, on basis of the total weight of the polymeric carrier. EXAMPLE - Endumax (RTM: High performance material) as a 13.3 cm wide tape based on fibers of high modulus organic polymeric ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was cut by using a rotating disc into large segments of 30 cm. The segments thus cut were placed into a container provided with liquid nitrogen having a boiling temperature of -196 degrees C. When the UHMWPE fibers were cooled to -196 degrees C, a rotating cutter was used to further shorten the length of the fibers. After cutting sieves were used to select the fibers with the desired length, which was 15 mu m to 10 cm, and the fibers thus selected were mixed via stirring into silicon grease for preparing a thermal conductive grease.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The wall is made of metal such as aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The joint is made of plastic, and the wall includes standard thermoplastic polymers, polylactic acid, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and nylon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The components are reticulated to form a resin that is selected from a group consisting of polyepoxide, vinyl polyester, polyacrylic resin and/or polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate includes glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor material is made zinc oxide, and the substrate includes gallium arsenic, boron nitride and silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate includes metal ribbons.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor material includes copper (I) thiocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate includes plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is chosen from alumina, zirconia, yttrium-doped zirconia, titania, silica, antimony oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxides, palladium oxide, indium tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, boron nitride, boron carbide, silicon carbide and silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer network is chosen from silicone elastomer, ionomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and contains nanodispersed filler. The silicone elastomer is polyalkylsiloxane, preferably polydimethylsiloxane. The ionomer is chosen from ethylene- alpha , beta -unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride, preferably ethylene-methacrylic acid (co)polymer. The carboxylic acid group of the ionomer is partially neutralized with metal ion chosen from sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The benzothiadiazole derivative is preferably 4,7-bis(quinolin-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The initial stage adhesive strength of the polyolefin resin film with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin sheet bonded by thermo compression on layer (A) side is 60 N/cm or more, and the adhesive strength after 48 hours in environment of 120 degrees C and 100% relative humidity is 40 N/cm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polyfunctional (meth)acryl monomer is dicyclopentadiene structure-containing (meth)acrylate, fluorene structure-containing (meth)acrylate and/or isocyanuric structure-containing (meth)acrylate. The aliphatic organic peroxide contains dilauroyl peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of the imidazole silane and acidic group-containing (meth)acryl monomer is 1-10 wt.%, and 5-15 wt.%, respectively. The viscosity of the adhesive after preservation in 5 degrees C environment for 3 months, and for 6 months is 2 times or less of initial viscosity, respectively. Preferred Process: The pressure during thermo-compression bonding is 0.1-2 MPa, preferably 0.1-0.5 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: Height (H) of convex part is less than or equal to 0.1 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ratio of average aspect-ratio and thickness of fibrous aggregate is 10 or more. The luminescence efficiency of fibrous aggregate is 70% or more. Preferred Process: The fibrous aggregate is obtained by heat-curing molded film precursor at temperature more than softening point of base polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The luminescent molecule is pyrene derivative or anthracene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The modified olefin resin is maleic anhydride olefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The organic solar cell has an organic layer consisting of a mixture of p-type organic semiconductor material comprising the semiconductor material, and n-type organic semiconductor material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A thiophene compound of formula (II) is cyclized to manufacture cyclic conjugated polymer compound (I).X,Y'=group capable of forming detachable group, and X is preferably halo and Y' is preferably H.Preferred Composition: The cyclic conjugated polymer compound has molecular weight of 10000 or more and ratio of weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight of 1.01-2. EXAMPLE - 335 mg Lithium chloride was added to a flask, dried at 110 degrees C for 4 hours, and cooled to room temperature. Then, 3.64 ml tetrahydrofuran solution of t-butylmagnesium chloride and 1.6 ml 2,5-dibromo-3-hexyl thiophene were added and stirred for 6 hours. 40.5 mg 1,2-(bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) nickel(II) dichloride was added and polymerized. 1.53 ml Tetrahydrofuran solution of 1-hexene and 0.5 mol/L ethynyl magnesium chloride were added to the reaction solution, and reacted for 30 minutes. The reaction solution was filtered and purified to produce 783 mg linear polymer having number average molecular weight of 19000 and molecular weight dispersion of 1.14. 400 ml Toluene and 100 ml pyridine were added to a flask and deaerated for 30 minutes with argon. Then, 21.7 mg copper bromide and 174 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) were added and heated at 80 degrees C. Toluene solution of 1 mg obtained linear polymer was added and stirred for 24 hours. The reaction solution was precipitated and purified to produce cyclic polymer compound having number average molecular weight of 16600 and molecular weight dispersion of 1.14.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt additive of the electrolyte comprises lithium difluoro oxalato borate, lithium-bis(oxalato)borate, lithium fluorododecaborate of formula: (Li2B12HxF12-x (x=0-3)), and lithium (bis-trifluoromethane)sulfonimide. The electrolyte further comprises 30 wt.% or less one or more non-ionic organic additives with respect to the total weight of the electrolyte. The electrolyte has a concentration of 1.05-1.6 M. The negative electrode comprises graphitic carbon, and silicon based material. The solvent of the electrolyte contains 0.5 wt.% or less carbonate including additional halogenated carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate. The lithium metal oxide is of formula: Li1+bNi( alpha )Mn( beta )Co( gamma )A( delta )O2-zFz (I). The lithium salt additive of the electrolyte is of formula (II).b=0.01-0.3;( alpha )=0-0.4;( beta )=0.2-0.65;( gamma )=0-0.46;( delta )=0-0.15;z=0-0.2;A= Mg, Ba, Cd, Zn, Al, Ga, B, Zr, Ti, Ca, Ce, Y, Nb, Cr, Fe, V or Li;b'=charge of the anion;m=1-4;n=1-8;q=0 or 1;M=transition metal or an element chosen from group 13-15;R1=organic group;R2,R4=halo or organic group;andX1,X2=O, S or NR4.The non-ionic organic additive is chosen from N,N-diethylamino trimethylsilane, 2,5-dihydrofuran, ethylmethyl sulfone, ( gamma )-butyrolactone, monomer of polyethylene oxide and monomer of polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The cover layer is formed of annealed glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The long-fiber pulp is coniferous wood pulp.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The wet-strengthening agent is polyamide. The chemical fiber comprises viscose fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The hemp pulp is Manila hemp.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode material is primarily an electrochemically active material (216) chosen from hard carbon, soft carbon, oxides, sulfides, nitrides, silicon, and/or metals. Preferred Process: The process of exposing takes place at preferably 140-170 degrees C. The process further involves mixing the hexacyanometallate particles (204) with a conducting carbon and binder (210) in a solvent, to form slurry, coating the slurry on a current collector (206,218), drying the slurry coating to remove the solvent, and forming a cathode (202).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonaqueous electrolyte is chosen from an organic solvent, gel, polymer, and solid electrolytes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The third generation AHSS filament is NanoSteel, Carbide-Free Bainitic (CFB) steel or Quench Partitioned Boron steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The polymer is region-regular, or region-random. The ratio of (I) and (II) is 50:50. The two sets of repeat units are: benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene with a 2-ethylhexyl substituted 3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophene and a benzo (1,2-b :4,5-b')dithiophene with a propyl substituted 3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophene at a ratio of 50:50; and 2-ethyl-1-(3- fluorothieno (3,4-b)thiophen-2-yl)hexan-1-one and a 1-(3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophen-2-yl)butan-1-one at a ratio of 50:50. EXAMPLE - 0.228 g Benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene, and 0.101 g 3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophene were combined in a Schlenk flask with 14 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), 10 ml toluene, and 4 ml dimethyl formamide. The solution was heated to 130 degrees C and stirred for 36 hours. The solution was then worked up to obtain the benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophene polymer having number average molecular weight (Mn) of 40 kDa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The olefin type resin film is a propylene-based resin film (A). The polymeric compound is trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane ethoxy tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate and/or ditrimethylolpropane tetra(meth)acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particles contained in the lusterless layer are synthetic zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The two sets of repeating units are 2-ethyl-1-(3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophen-2-yl)hexan-1-one and 1-(3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophen-2-yl)butan-1-one in a ratio of 50:50.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The polymer is region-regular polymer or region-random polymer. EXAMPLE - 0.252 mmol Benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene and 0.251 mmol 3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophene was mixed in Schlenk flask with 14 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, 10 mL toluene and 4 mL dimethylformamide, obtained solution heated to 130 degrees C, stirred for 36 hours, solution was poured into 100 mL methanol and the polymer was collected by filtration and purified by Soxhlet extraction by washing with acetone, hexane and chloroform to obtain2-(3-fluorothieno-thien-4-yl)thieno-benzothiophene (I) and (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: In producing benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b)dithiophene-thienothiophene polymer, the aromatic substituents comprise of heterocycles and fused heterocycles. The process produces a conjugated polymer. The stille coupling off, g and h is regio-regular or regio-random. The ratio of Formula (f) and Formula (g) used in the process is around 50:50. The Formula (f) is a di-Me3Sn substituted benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene. The Formula (f) is a brominated 2-ethylhexyl substituted 3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophene, and the Formula (g) is a brominated propyl substituted 3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophene. The polymerizing reaction involves: Stille coupling, Suzuki coupling, a nickel catalyzed reaction or direct arylation. Substituent T of compound (f) reacts exclusively with substituents Z of compounds (g) and (h), where T is selected from Me3Sn, C6H12O2B, Br and combinations. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer is regio-regular or regio-random. Also, the polymer is a conjugated polymer. Preferred Definitions:Ar1=Formula (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5).    R1=an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group and combinations;    R2=an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group and combinations;    R3=an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group and combinations;    X=C, Si, Ge and combinations;    R4=an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group and combinations; and    n=2-100.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: Average surface roughness of surface of heat resistant resin layer A are 0.5-2 nm and of heat resistant resin layer B are 5-20 nm. Thickness sum totals of heat resistant resin layers A and B are greater than or equal to 8% of base films. Thermal contraction rate of vertical direction at the time of heating laminated film at 200 degrees C is less than or equal to 0.5%. Total light transmittances are 85-95%. Preferred Process: Heat resistant resin layers A and B and intermediate resin layer C coat the curable composition containing photopolymerizable (meth)acrylate monomer or oligomer which has greater than or equal to 2 acryloyl group or methacryloyl group in a molecule to to-be-formed surface, and layer is photocured and formed.
Preferred Definitions:    X=O, S, Se, N(R7), C(R8)(R9), or Si(R10)(R11);    R7-R11=H or monovalent organic group; and    R1-R6=aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): 4,7-Bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl) benzo(c)(1,2,5) thiadiazole (4,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazole) of formula (I) and brominated quinolone of formula (II) are heat-refluxed with tetrahydrofuran and potassium carbonate aqueous solution and in presence of palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine), to obtain the benzothiadiazole derivative (1). Preferred Definition:    R1,R2=H or 1-6C alkyl.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Specific benzothiadiazole derivative i.e. 4,7-di(quinolin-3-yl) benzo(c)(1,2,5) thiadiazole of formula (1'), 4,7-di(isoquinolin-4-yl) benzo(c)(1,2,5) thiadiazole, and 4,7-di(isoquinolin-1-yl) benzo(c)(1,2,5) thiadiazole, are claimed.    EXAMPLE - 20 ml Tetrahydrofuran, and 5 ml 2M potassium carbonate aqueous solution were added to 388 mg 4,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolane-2-yl) benzo(c)(1,2,5) thiadiazole (4,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazole), and 499 mg 3-bromoquinoline in presence of nitrogen. 116 mg palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) was quickly added, stirred at room temperature and heat-refluxed for 3 hours. The reaction liquid was cooled to room temperature. The reaction liquid was filtered. The filtrate was washed, and vacuum-dried to obtain yellow powder of 4,7-di(quinolin-3-yl) benzo(c)(1,2,5) thiadiazole. The yield of the obtained compound was 80%. A wavelength conversion sheet was formed using a resin composition containing the obtained 4,7-di(quinolin-3-yl) benzo(c)(1,2,5) thiadiazole. The sheet had excellent heat resistance, and moisture resistance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pigment is a white pigment, preferably titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of isocyanate compound is 0.05-35 %mass with respect to total mass of polyester resin composition. The content of pigment is 0.2-50 %mass. The isocyanate compound is preferably of formulae (IV)-(VIII). The polyester film contains 0.1-2 %mass isocyanate compound and 0.5-10 %mass pigment.R21=substituent;m=0-5;p=2-4;L1=group having valence of p and capable of forming alkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene or alkoxylene (all optionally substituted);L2=p-valent group capable of forming arylene or cycloalkylene (all optionally substituted);andL3=p-valent group capable of forming alkylene, aryl or alkyl, in which H is optionally substituted.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of dimethyl sulfoxide is 0.5-3 wt.% with respect to total content of the conductive polymer ink composition. The solvent comprises 10-60 wt.% deionized water and 5-45 wt.% polyol. The composition further comprises 1-10 wt.% co-solvent chosen from methanol, ethanol and propanol. The content of surfactant and phosphate compound is 0.01-3 wt.% and 0.5-20 wt.%, respectively, with respect to total content of ink composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) dispersion is 10-60 wt.%, with respect to total content of the conductive polymer ink composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of material i.e. selected from glass, quartz, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthelate, polyimide, polycarbonate, polystylene, polyoxyethlene, acrylonitile styrene copolymer resin or triacetyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode is partially or fully impregnated with the electrolyte. The battery further has a lithium ion-conductive layer provided between anode and electrolyte and containing ion-conductive inorganic particles chosen from glassy active metal ion conductor, an amorphous active metal ion conductor, ceramic active metal ion conductor and glass-ceramic active metal ion conductor. The inorganic particles are made of 35 inorganic compounds e.g. barium titanate, tin oxide, hafnium oxide, lithium carbonate and lithium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of aromatic compound is 15-97 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. electrolyte. The lithium salt is lithium sulfonimide compound chosen from lithium bis(trifluoro methylsulfonyl) imide, lithium bis(pentafluoro ethylsulfonyl) imide and other sulfonimide compounds of formula: LiN(CpF2p+1SO2)(CqF2q+1SO2), LiN((SO2)2Cp'F2p'), Li(C6F5SO2)2N, Li(C10F7SO2)2N, Li(C6F5SO2)(C10F7SO2)N, LiN(C6F5SO2)(CpF2p+1SO2) and LiN(C10F7SO2)(CpF2p+1SO2).p=1-20;andp'=1-10.The aromatic compound is chosen from 1,1,1,4,4,14,14,17,17,17-decafluoro-2,6,9,12,16-pentaoxaheptadecane, 1,1,1,17,17,17-hexafluoro-4,4,14,14-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-2,6,9,12,16-pentaoxaheptadecane, 1,1,1,19,19,19-hexafluoro-5,5,15,15-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-3,7,10,13,17-pentaoxanonadecane and 1,1,1,5,5,15,15,19,19,19-decafluoro-3,7,10,13,17-pentaoxanonadecane. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=methyl, ethyl, propyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, fluoroethyl, difluoroethyl, trifluoroethyl, tetrafluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, fluoropropyl, difluoropropyl, trifluoropropyl, tetrafluoropropyl, pentafluoropropyl, hexafluoropropyl or heptafluoropropyl;    m=1-1000;and    n,p=0-1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The tube is made from a stainless steel material, and a washer is made from an MS58 copper alloy material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cold medium circulation pipe is made of elliptic copper pipe or aluminum pipe. The base plate is coated with black chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The photovoltaic device has power conversion efficiency of 8% or more, preferably 9.5% or more, and has aluminum, silver, copper and gold cathode, preferably silver cathode. The inverted polymer solar cell comprises tris(sulfobetaine)-substituted fullerene in cathode modification layer and electron acceptor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: Fullerene is 60C fullerene or 70C fullerene. Preferred Definitions:    R=tertiary amino, thio, zwitterionic group or sulfobetaine;and    x=1-3.    EXAMPLE - 2 g 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 4.55 g 3-dimethylaminopropan-1-ol, 1.57 g triphenylphosphine and 45 ml tetrahydrofuran were mixed. The mixture was cooled to 0 degrees C, and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for five hours, concentrated and washed. The filtrate was concentrated and washed with 1M hydrochloric acid. The aqueous fractions were combined and washed, and acidic aqueous layer was neutralized with sodium carbonate. The combined organic phases were dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to obtain brown oil. The crude product was further purified. 300 mg Obtained compound, 792 mg 60C fullerene, 200 mg sarcosine and 10 ml 1,2-dichlorobenzene were mixed. The mixture was degassed with nitrogen and heated to reflux for 1 hour. The reaction liquid was concentrated, filtered, concentrated and dried to produce 2,3,4-tris(3-(dimethylamino)propoxy)fulleropyrrolidine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon material is selected from graphite powder, coal black, graphite, and carbon nano tube. The binder is epoxy resin or phenolic aldehyde resin. The solvent is selected from one of ethyl alcohol, acetone, and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas is selected from nitrogen, neon and argon, preferably nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The donor-A is selected from the lead chloride, lead bromide and lead iodide. The donor-B is selected from methyl chloride, formamidine hydrochloride, methyl ammonium bromide, formamidine hydrobromide and methyl iodide. The solvent is dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and gamma -butyrolactone. The method utilizes an additive selected from methyl pyrrolidone, 1,8-octane dithiol, 1,8-diiodo-octane and 1-chloronaphthalene. The substrate is a polyethylene, 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene/polystyrene sulfonate spin-coated inidium tin oxide conductive glass. The mixed solvent is dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, p-xylene and chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic encapsulation material layer is metal oxide, metal sulfide, metal nitride. The metal oxide is calcium oxide, tantalum pentoxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, tin oxide, nickel oxide and/or antimony pentoxide. The metal sulfide is titanium disulfide, iron sulfide, chromium sulfide, copper sulfide, zinc sulfide, tin sulfide, nickel sulfide, cobalt trisulfide, antimony trisulfide, lead sulfide, trisulfide lanthanum, cerium sulfide and/or disulfide. The metal nitride is silicon nitride and aluminum nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction diluent active epoxy resin diluent, cyclic ether, lactone and/or vinyl ether monomer. The vinyl ether monomers is 1,2,3-propanetriol glycidyl ether, triethylene glycol divinyl ether, 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, perfluoro n-propyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, propylene glycol monoallyl ether, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, chlorotrifluoroethylene, triethylene glycol divinyl ether, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl n-butyl ether, dodecyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, benzyl three -phenol polyoxyethylene ether, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro propyl vinyl ether, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro propyl vinyl ether and/or tert-butyl vinyl ether. The active epoxy diluent is 3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl carboxylate 3',4'-epoxycyclohexyl methyl group, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, epoxy acrylate, epoxy vinyl ester, epoxy acrylate, methacrylate, epoxy esters and/or water-soluble itaconic acid epoxy ester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The transparent substrate is made of glass or plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises anhydrous ethyl alcohol and xylene. The modifier is benzene methyl butyl benzyl ester. The lubricant is polyalkyl ethanediol. The binder is polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The reactive resin system is comprised of reactive polyamide, caprolactam, and/or polyurethane systems.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermal conductive filler includes carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, graphite or metal nano wires.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Elastomer is natural rubber, synthetic rubber and/or elastomer resin. The natural rubber includes styrene-butadiene rubber, styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene rubber or polydimethylsiloxane. The polymer beads include thermosetting polymer beads and/or thermoplastic polymer beads. The pressure-sensitive thermal control material contains dispersing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The temperature of high-speed mixer is 80 degrees C. The temperature during adding of plasticizer is 110 degrees C. The preparation further comprises cooling at 40 degrees C. The extruder temperatures are 190 degrees C, 195 degrees C, 180 degrees C, 178 degrees C, 175 degrees C, and 170 degrees C, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hardener is triethyl diamine or metaxylylenediamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Insulating film comprises 20-35 pts. wt. epoxy resin, 15-25 pts. wt. acrylic resin, 6-14 pts. wt. glycerol triacetate ester, 8-15 pts. wt. hardener, 2-6 pts. wt. talc, 3-5 pts. wt. kaolin, 3-7 pts. wt. alumina and 4-6 pts. wt. nano-silica, preferably 32 pts. wt. epoxy resin, 22 pts. wt. acrylic resin, 12 pts. wt. glycerol triacetate ester, 11 pts. wt. hardener, 4 pts. wt. talc, 3 pts. wt. kaolin, 5 pts. wt. alumina and 6 pts. wt. nano-silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The positive electrode active material is formed of cobalt ternary material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The insulation film is acrylonitrile-methacrylate reticulated gel polymer structure coated with a layer comprising polyvinylidene fluoride or vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer. The reticulated gel polymer structure is formed of 55 %mass acrylonitrile, 30 %mass diethylene glycol diester of methacrylic acid, 5 %mass plasticizer, 2 %mass initiator, 5 %mass nano-silica and 3 %mass lithium perchlorate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reactive emulsifier is branched alkene of formulae (II)-(IV), ally hydroxyalkyl sulfonate, allyloxy alkylphenoxy polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, allyloxy sulfonate, acrylamide sulfonate, maleic acid, maleic acid derivative and/or allyl succinic acid alkyl ester sulfonate.R21-R25,R31-R33,R41,R42=H or 1-20C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Mass ratio of reactive emulsifier and monomer is 3:100. Preferred Component: Polymer has 0-50 degrees C glass transition temperature and 30-1500000 average molecular weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves shredding straw mechanically to a length of 2-15 cm, and crushing shredded material using crusher, where the gas explosion produced by crushing unit at 1-2 MPa for 40-120 seconds. The lignin slurry is filtered and resultant liquid fed to anaerobic fermentation tank to obtain solid precipitate, which is fed to drying device. The crude methane is fed to adsorption purification device to more than 95% methane. Preferred Components: The straw hydrolase comprises exo- beta glucanase, endo- beta glucanase, beta glucosidase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 1:1.2-10:0.8-5:1.5-8, when the lignin powder comprises more than 85% cellulose, then the lignin is mixed with cellulose powder and processed into biodegradable agricultural mulch film, and biodegradable plastic bags. The straw hydrolase comprises exo- beta glucanase, endo- beta glucanase, beta glucosidase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 1.2-3:0.8-2.5:1.5-2.5, when the lignin powder comprises less than 15% cellulose, then the lignin is processed into furniture material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The first and second electrodes comprise impermeable forms of graphite and graphite or polymer composite i.e. resin-impregnated graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first and second electrodes comprise platinum, boron doped diamond, titanium and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The salt bridge is made of a proton exchange material, ion exchange material polymer electrolyte, pertluorinated ionomers and pertluorosulphonic acid polymer e.g. perfluorosulfonic acid polymer membrane material and hydrocarbon ion exchange membrane material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive tape is a polyimide tape, polyethylene (PE) tape, polypropylene (PP) tape or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) tape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resist layer is polymer comprised of poly-vinyl-butyral, poly-vinyl-acetate and poly-vinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reflector is made of aluminum, silver and dielectric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The perovskite light suction layer is deposited with lead calcium chloride and methylamino iodine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cathode is made of tin indium oxide or aluminum material. The substrate is made of glass, silicon chip or stainless steel materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of poly terephthalate, polyether sulfone resin and poly acryl group materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The buffer layer comprises lithium-containing inorganic salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The structure supporting layer is a polymer layer or polymer electrolyte layer. The polymer electrolyte in the electrolyte layer comprises polymer and lithium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The laminate strip has a steel, aluminum and plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carboxylic acid or its salt is oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid or abietic acid. The content of organic sulfonic acid type compound and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in the graft copolymer is 0.5 %mass or less, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound has carboxyl group and alkylene oxide group, preferably polyalkylene oxide. The cationic metal is lithium, preferably lithium sulfamate. The compound has weight average molecular weight of 1500 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electron-extraction layer is made of titanium dioxide that is passivated by 6, 6-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The hole-extraction layer comprises Molybdenum tri oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photodetector allows second hole-extraction layer made of poly3- hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl. The electron-extraction layer is made of 6, 6-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The hole-extraction layer comprises poly 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene and poly-styrenesulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hole is formed at a side of the piezoelectric energy harvesting device through isotropic dry etching using xenon difluoride (XeF2) or sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first metallization pattern is made of aluminum, tin, silver, and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor wafer is made of silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - An encapsulant is made of thermoplastic olefin polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: In the polymer, the aryl groups comprise of heterocycles and fused heterocycles. The conjugated polymer is regio-regular or regio-random. The ratio of Formula (1) and Formula (2) in the polymer is around 50:50. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of polymerizing of (f1), (g1), (h1) and (i1) is regio-regular or regio-random. The step of polymerizing reaction comprises Stille coupling, Suzuki coupling, a nickel catalyzed reaction or direct arylation. In the process substituent (T1) of compound (f1) and (g1) reacts exclusively with substituent (Z) (sic) of compounds (h1) and (i1). Preferred Components: The aromatic substituents comprise heterocycles or fused heterocycles. The ratio of substituted 2-(3-fluoro-thieno(3,4-b)thiophen-4-yl)-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene compounds of formula (p1), (p2), (p3) and (p4) is 25:25:25:25. (f1) and (g1) are is di-trimethyl tin substituted benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene. EXAMPLE - 0.1 g Distannyl-benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene, 13 mg dibromo-2-ethyl hexyl 3-fluorothieno (3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate and 36.5 mg dibromo-2-ethyl-1-(3-fluorothieno(3,4-b) thiophen-2-yl)hexan-1-one were combined in flask with 12.8 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) in 4.4 ml toluene and 1.1 ml dimethyl formamide. The solution was heated to 120 degrees C and stirred for 48 hours. The solution was poured into 100 ml methanol to obtain polymer. The polymer was purified to give poly(benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2-ethyl hexyl 3-fluorothieno (3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate) 0.25-(benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2-ethyl-1-(3-fluorothieno(3,4-b) thiophen-2-yl)hexan-1-one)0.75.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: In producing multi-component benzo(1,2-B:4,5-B)dithiophene-difluorothienothiophene polymer, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran, and the initiator is n-butyllithium. The fluorinated chemical is N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide. The oxidant is meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. The bromination occurs with N-bromosuccinimide. The aromatic substituents comprise of heterocycles and fused heterocycles. The process produces a conjugated polymer. The polymerization of Formulas (f), (g) and (h) is regio-regular or regio-random. The ratio of Formula (f) and Formula (g) used in the process is around 50:50. The polymerizing reaction involves: Stille coupling, Suzuki coupling, a nickel catalyzed reaction or direct arylation. Alternatively, the process involves: dissolving 3-fluoro-4,6-dihydrothieno(3,4-b)thiophene in a solvent to create a solution; adding an initiator to the solution to produce an initiated solution; adding a fluorinated chemical to the initiated solution to produce 2,3-difluoro-4,6-dihydrothieno(3,4-b)thiophene; oxidizing 2,3-difluoro-4,6-dihydrothieno(3,4-b)thiophene with an oxidant to produce 2,3-difluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophene; brominating 2,3-difluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophene to produce 4,6-dibromo-2,3-difluorothieno(2,3-c)thiophene of Formula (h) still coupling thiophene derivatives of Formula (f) and Formula (g) with Formula (h). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Amount of polyoxymethylene dimethyl-ether of formula CH3-(O-CH2)n-O-CH3 in circulation liquid prepared in fuel supply part is greater than or equal to 80 mass%. Solid acid which decomposition part is filled is cation exchange resin.n=2-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: Average-degree-of-polymerization of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether in circulation liquid is 2-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyolefin microporous film contains 30 wt.% or more ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having molecular weight of less than 2x 106 and polyolefin having weight average molecular weight of 1x 106 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic compound (B1) further has 1 or more amino group in a molecule, and has solubility parameter of 8.5-14 (cal/cm3)0.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The resin component (A1) is two-component mixture type component. Preferred Process: Alternately, particles which have foamability and a portion of main ingredient of addition-reaction type silicone resin component (A1) are mixed and subjected to heat-foaming to obtain the mixture containing resin component (A1) and hollow particles (Y1). The remainder of the main ingredient of the resin component (A1) and a curing agent, and organic compound (B1) are mixed with the obtained mixture, to obtain the sealing material composition which is formed into sheet form and heat-hardened to obtain the sheet-like sealing material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The structural unit (a) is preferably of formula (III) or (IV). The structural unit (a) is preferably of formula (II-2). The photoelectric conversion element further consists of a metal layer containing metal nanoparticles, metal nanorods, or metal printed wiring laminated on the secondary electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Volume resistivity of insulating filler is greater than or equal to 1x 109 Omega .m. Averages of height of insulating filler on basis of bottom face position when region which connects the line in plane or virtual plane, or angular part are 5-200 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: Melt flow rates of thermoplastic olefin resin measured at 190 degrees C and 2.16 kg loads are 0.1-200 g/10 minutes. Film thickness of back side sealing material is greater than or equal to 50 mu m the average height of insulating filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photovoltaic module is thin film selected from cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, and amorphous silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The P-type diffusion region and the N-type diffusion region are formed in polysilicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film comprises laminated polyester film containing two or more layers. The polyester layer comprises polyester resin composition including rutile-type titanium dioxide. The polyester layer comprises 14-20 wt.% rutile-type titanium dioxide, with respect to total content of polyester resin composition. The polyester resin composition comprises 1,4-cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate unit (CHT) as main structural component. The content of CHT unit is 14-20 wt.% with respect to total content of polyester resin composition. The polyester film comprises polyester resin having intrinsic viscosity of 0.6-1 dl/g. The amount of terminal carboxyl groups in the polyester resin is 5-20 equivalent/ton. Preferred Property: The partial discharge voltage maintenance factor of the film after endurance test is 90% or more. Preferred Process: Manufacture of polyester film involves stretching non-oriented polyester film by draw ratio of 2-4 times at 70-120 degrees C in longitudinal direction, to form uniaxial-orientation polyester film, and stretching the uniaxial-orientation polyester film by draw ratio of 3-4 times at 70-150 degrees C in the width direction, to obtain biaxially-oriented polyester film, loosening the film to 0-10% in the width direction, and heat-processing the biaxially-oriented polyester film at 205-240 degrees C. The stretching process is implemented using stretching roll and stretching nip roll, and the surface roughness of stretching roll is 0.5-1.5 mu m. The nip pressure between stretching roll and stretching nip roll is 0.4-1 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Wire contains stainless steel, nickel chromium, or platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Method includes forming solution by combining deionized water, formaldehyde, resorcinol, and acetic acid. Step of carbonizing polymer to form conductive aerogel includes pyrolyzing polymer. Step of carbonizing polymer to form conductive aerogel includes pyrolyzing polymer in environment containing carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and/or argon. Fabrication method includes providing solution, inserting wire into solution, curing solution to form polymer with wire embedded in polymer, and carbonizing polymer to form conductive aerogel. Fabrication method includes providing mold e.g. distal electrode mold after providing solution, pouring solution into mold, curing solution in mold to form polymer, and carbonizing polymer. Method includes suspending wire in mold after providing mold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive carbon comprises conductive carbon black, conductive carbon nanotubes with diameter of 10-100 nm, nanoporous conductive carbon, mesoporous conductive carbon and/or graphene. The boron source comprises boron carbide, borax, sodium fluoroborate and/or potassium fluoroborate. The activator comprises thiourea, urea, sodium hydrofluoride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride, ethylenediamine, ammonium bicarbonate and/or ammonium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen source comprises polyaniline, phenanthroline, melamine, polybenzimidazole, polythiophene and/or polypyrrole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The metal salt is metal nitrate. The metal nitrate is bismuth nitrate, magnesium nitrate, copper nitrate, and/or aluminum nitrate. The polyhydric alcohol is ethylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, and/or polyglycerol. The graphene is functionalized graphene, obtained by preparing graphite oxide using Hummer's method, flushing with nitrogen for 3 hours, and heating to 1050 degrees C rapidly for thermal exfoliation of graphite oxide. In the step (ii), washing is carried out using a solvent i.e. volatile organic solvent, ethanol or acetone. Drying is carried out by vacuum drying, freeze drying or supercritical extraction drying. The drying is carried out at 45-90 degrees C for 6-48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbent contains 6-8 pts. wt. manganese dioxide, 1-3 pts. wt. ferroferric oxide and 2-4 pts. wt. titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorption enhancer is 2-bromo-2-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-cyclopropylethanone. The curing agent is drying oil or alkyd resin. The solvent is p-xylene. The additive contains leveling agent, wetting agent and defoamer in a weight ratio of 1:0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is epoxy-modified polyurethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The salt of high oxidation state metal is ferric chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The atropisomeric skeleton comprises biaromatic carbocyclic groups, biheteroaromatic groups or mixed carbocyclic-heterocyclic aromatic groups which are substituted with 2 or more substituents at ortho position with respect to the inter-ring bond, such that the rotation about the inter-ring bond connecting the two aromatic or heteroaromatic systems is hindered at room temperature. The biaromatic/biheteroaromatic atropisomeric skeleton is chosen from biphenyl, 3,3'-bithiophene, 2,2'-bipyrrole, 3,3'-bipyrrole, 3,3'-bifurane and their benzo-fused derivatives, preferably 3,3'-bibenzothiophene, 2,2'-bipyrrole and 1,1'-binaphthyl. The oligoarene and oligoheteroarene are polyconjugated. The monomeric unit is benzothiadiazole unit of formulae (I) and benzothiophene unit of formula (II). Preferred Process: The monomeric units are transformed into macrocyclic by carrying out chemical or electrochemical oxidation reactions directly on monomeric units or on products obtained by carrying out double-deprotonation of monomeric units with salts of high-oxidation state metals. The monomeric units are variously derivatized to confer specific properties to the corresponding macrocyclic compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymerization initiator is chosen from boron-containing compound of formula: BX4-, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, hexafluoroantimony, sulfonium salt, phosphonium salt, quaternary ammonium salt, diazonium salt and iodonium salt.X=trifluoromethyl or phenyl substituted by fluorine(s).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The oxide has a pore radius, surface area and electrical conductivity of 5-30 nm, 10-35 m2/g, and 1x 102-3x 102 ( Omega )-1.cm-1 respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The indium and tin in the composite foam are bonded chemically with polyvinyl alcohol, water molecules, hydroxo and peroxo groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte comprises multiple electrolyte layers having multiple interfaces, where each of the multiple interfaces ( alpha n) is measure by the formula: ( alpha n is equal to ( epsilon 1n/( epsilon 1n+ epsilon 2n))), which is 0.244-0.5, preferably 0.494-0.5. The interface ( alpha ) or the multiple interfaces ( alpha n) remain constant at temperature of 228-398 degrees C. The electrolyte of the first electrolyte layer is solid electrolyte and the electrolyte to the second electrolyte layer is liquid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte comprises inorganic material, preferably glass material, glass or ceramic material or ceramic material; and organic material, preferably polymer having conductive filler; or lithium, preferably lithium-aluminum-germanium phosphate, lithium-lanthanum-zirconate or system having lithium superionic conductor crystal phases. The liquid electrolyte is a mixture of at least one non-aqueous solvent, preferably carbonate solvent having at least one fluoridic conducting salt, preferably lithium hexafluorophosphate. The battery cell comprises at least three electrolyte layers, where two liquid electrolyte layers and the solid electrolyte layer are arranged between the two liquid electrolyte layers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol is chosen from methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-octene copolymer high performance composite material comprises 40 wt.% ethylene-octene copolymer, 40 wt.% chlorinated polyethylene, 20 wt.% ethylene acrylic rubber, 10 wt.% silicon dioxide, 25 wt.% nano talc powder, 25 wt.% aluminum hydroxide, 20 wt.% magnesium hydroxide, 0.3 wt.% polyethylene wax, 0.3 wt.% stearic acid, 8 wt.% dicumyl peroxide and 3 wt.% triallyl isocyanurate. The ethylene-octene copolymer high performance composite material further comprises 0.5-3 wt.% pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The styrene content of the styrene-butadiene copolymer is 37-38wt%. The transmissive layer is made of lithium bromide of 0.3 to 0.4 portions by weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The sealing sheet has 2 or more resin layers, in which 1 or more layer is the mixed resin layer containing 2 or more types of resin of 1 or more types of resin chosen from group (A1), and 1 or more types of resin chosen from group (B1), and 1 or more layer formed on both surfaces of the resin sealing sheet contains 1 or more types of resin chosen from group (A1) as a main material. Preferred Properties: The gel fraction, and haze value measured at the thickness of 400 mu m of the resin sealing sheet is 1-65 %mass and more than 20% and less than 70%. The resin sealing sheet is processed with ionizing radiation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dielectric is made of silicon oxide (SiO2), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), titanium oxide (TiO2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), nickel oxide (NiOx), tungsten oxide (WOx), zinc sulfide (ZnS), cupric oxide (CuOx), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), magnesium oxide (MgO), nickel oxide (NiO), vanadium oxide (V2O5), manganese oxide (MnO2) and tin oxide (SnO2). The hole injection layer comprises at least one of vanadium oxide (V2O5), fluorination lithium (LiF) and tungsten oxide (WO3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal nano electrode is made of silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), gold (Au), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), palladium (Pd) and chrome (Cr).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The active layer is made of poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), poly-3-octylthiopene (P3OT), polyparaphenylenevinylene (PPV) poly(dioctylfluorene), poly(2-methoxy ,5-(2-ethyl -hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV), poly(2-methyl ,5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy))-1,4-phenylenevinylenes (MDMO-PPV)and (6,6) -phenyl -C61-buty leak acid methyl ester (PCBM), (6,6)-phenyl-C71-buty leak acid methyl ester, fullerene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: lead-free glass powder compresses 30-60 pts. wt. bismuth oxide, 6-17 pts. wt. boron oxide, 6-10 pts. wt. calcium oxide, 12-21 pts. wt. silicon dioxide, 6-11 pts. wt. zinc oxide, 1-5 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, 10-20 pts. wt. aluminium oxide and 1-3 pts. wt. nickel oxide. The additive is tin and copper oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic adhesive compresses 40-65 pts. wt. terpineol, 5-10 pts. wt butyl carbitol, 15-20 pts. wt. butyl carbitol acetate, 3-10 pts. wt. ethyl cellulose, 5-15 pts. wt. diethyl phthalate and 1-5 pts. at. sorbitan stearate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inner layer is made of polyethylenevinyl acetate (PEVA), middle layer is made from poly ethylene terephthalate (PET), and outer layer is made from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode active material (7) is formed by lithium drill oxide, lithium nickel oxide or lithium manganese oxide. The cathode active substance (8) is formed by carbon powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The coating layer is formed by polyvinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymer, aluminum oxide and inorganic powder. The substrate is made of graphite. The battery shell (6) is formed by polyurethane and carbon powder and anode active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The Fresnel lens is made of a poly (methyl methacrylate) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of platinum to nickel is 70% and 30%. The molar ratio of platinum to cobalt and platinum to nickel is 1:0.5. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system has Nafion (RTM: Non-reinforced film) membrane. Preferred Condition: All components are mixed at room temperature. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The wall material is gelatin, acacia gum, sodium alginate, polyurea, polyamide, polyacrylamide, polyurethane and/or epoxy resin. The core material is propylene carbonate, cis-butylene carbonate and/or fluoro pyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. EXAMPLE - 250 ml Chloroform was added to 360 mg 4,8-dithiophen-2-yl-1H-2-benzo(1,2-c;4,5-c')bis(1,2,5)thiadiazole, and 374 mg N-bromosuccinimide was added at 50 degrees C. The mixture was heated at 50 degrees C, and stirred for 1 hour. The solvent was distilled under reduced pressure. 100 ml Toluene was added to 200 mg obtained compound, and heated at 90 degrees C. Potassium carbonate aqueous solution was added, and 50 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium catalyst was added and stirred at 90 degrees C for 6 hours. The organic layer was washed with saturated salt solution, and solvent was distilled off. The conjugation-type compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography, and recovered with yield of 62%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of electrolyte (I) and electrolyte (II) is 3:97-97:3. The content of compound (III) is 1-10 wt.% with respect to the total weight of electrolyte (I), electrolyte (II) and compound (III). The electrolyte (I) is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium salt. The electrolyte (II) is 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium salt. The acid (D') is inorganic acid chosen from phosphoric acid, boron tetrafluoride, perchloric acid, hexafluorophosphoric acid, antimony hexafluoride and arsenic hexafluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode (a) is made of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, zinc oxide-gallium oxide, zinc oxide-alumina, tin-based oxide and/or zinc oxide. The electrode (b) is made of platinum, gold, nickel, copper, silver, indium, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, copper and conductive polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent used in preparation is gamma -butyrolactone or N,N-dimethylformamide. Preferred Definitions:    M=Pb, Sn, Ge, Ca or Sr;    Y'=Cs;    Z=(CH3NH3)+;and    X=I-, Cl- or Br-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The transparent conductive substrate is indium tin oxide conductive glass, fluorine tin oxide conductive glass or indium tin oxide-coated polyethylene naphthalate plastic film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron transport layer comprises zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. The perovskite light absorbing layer is (AB1XmY3-m), where A is CH3NH3, NHCHNH3, C4H9NH3 or C8H9NH3, B1 is lead and tin, X, Y is chlorine, bromine and iodine and m is 1,2,3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron transmission layer is an electron transporting material. The perovskite light absorbing layer is a perovskite photovoltaic material. The electrolyte layer is supercapacitor electrolyte. The electrode layer is a conductive polymer and a carbon composite material. The transparent conductive substrate is a flexible or rigid substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electric conductive substrate comprises bifunctional polymer, a conductive polymer composite material and carbon material. The functional layer is polyaniline, poly(3-hexylthiophene) or poly(3-hexylthiophene) with carbon nano tube composite material. The electrolyte layer is polyvinyl alcohol-phosphoric acid, polyvinyl alcohol-sulfuric acid or polyvinyl alcohol-potassium hydroxide. The electrode layer comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene), polyaniline or poly(3-hexylthiophene) with carbon nanotube composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is inorganic salts and metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasticizer is paraffin oil, dioctyl phthalate and/or diethyl phthalate, the solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, acetone, water, alcohols and/or polyhydric alcohol and the extracting agent is methylene chloride, trichloroethane, dichloroethylene, trichlorethylene, hexane, heptane, acetone, ethanol, n-butanol and/or ethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic particles are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, ethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymers, poly-p-phenylene diamine terephthalamide, poly-phenylene isophthalamide, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyethyl acrylate, styrene- acrylate copolymers and/or polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The block polyether surfactant is polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer, where the degree of polymerization of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, respectively 20, 70, 20, i.e. polyethylene oxide (20)-polyoxypropylene (70)-polyethylene oxide (20) tri-block copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The wind turbine primer comprises 35 wt.% water, 2 wt.% polypropylene sodium salt, 1 wt.% iron red, 1 wt.% iron yellow, 6 wt.% calcium carbonate, 25 wt.% polyvinyl ester, 5 wt.% n-butanol and 25 wt.% phosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium ion inorganic solid electrolyte material is lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide solid electrolyte material. The pore forming agent is graphite, amorphous carbon, or organic polymer particle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The expandable graphite contains reactive hydroxyl and carboxyl functional group with mesh size of 35-150 and expanded mesh size of 200-450. The foam stabilizer is silicone oil. The flame retardant is phosphorus, chlorine or bromine with viscosity of 900-1100 ps. The foaming agent is fluorine dichloroethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The wind turbine plate comprises 60 wt.% carbon fiber, 30 wt.% polyurethane resin, 3 wt.% calcium carbonate, 2 wt.% diacetone acrylamide and 5 wt.% triphenyl phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electric conduction coating comprises 1-98 pts. wt. graphite material, 1-98 pts. wt. electrically conductive agent and 1-10 pts. wt. binder. Preferred Components: The electrically conductive agent comprises carbon nanotubes, carbon fiber, activated carbon, amorphous carbon, acetylene black, Super-Li (RTM: Conductive carbon black) and/or graphite (KS-6)    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder comprises polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber and/or liquid asphalt series binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Wood processing waste liquid is cassava fermentation waste liquid, sugar preparation waste liquid or Eucalyptus slurry preparing waste liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Flocculating agent is modified starch crosslinked network porous structure or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Curing agent is hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer, isophorone diisocyanate trimer or hydrogenated methylene diphenyl diisocyanate trimer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Nano sodium potassium alloy comprises 10-80 wt.% dibenzyl toluene, 10-80 wt.% ethyl silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% (3-aminopropyl)(octadecyl)amine, 1-12 wt.% polyisobutylene and 2-28 wt.% nano sodium-potassium alloy particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is tetrahydrofuran. The initiator is n-butyllithium. The fluorinated chemical is N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide. The oxidant is m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. The bromination occurs in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carrier is made of fluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first internal branch contact is of a brass material coated with nickel and tin. The second internal contact is of a phosphorous bronze material coated with tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The impedance layer is formed on a layer of glass-fiber fabric. The blade includes reinforcing strips that are pultruded strips of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The polymer is regioregular or regiorandom. The ratio of (p1), (p2), (p3) and (p4) is 25:25:25:25. EXAMPLE - 0.228 g Benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene and 0.101 g propyl carboxylate substituted 3-fluorothieno (3,4-b)thiophene were combined in flask with 14 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), 10 ml toluene and 4 ml dimethylformamide. The solution was heated to 130 degrees C and stirred for 36 hours. The solution was poured into 100 ml methanol and polymer was collected by filtration. The polymer was purified and recovered in the chloroform fraction to obtain poly(benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-propyl carboxylate substituted 3-fluorothieno (3,4-b)thiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The method involves forming a layered structure that is a thermoplastic olefin polymer encapsulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photopolymerizable compound is photopolymerizable (meth)acrylate monomer having acryloyl group or methacryloyl group in one molecule, or oligomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Inorganic thin film formation base-material polyester film consists of polyester resin which polymerizes using polycondensation catalyst containing aluminum and/or its compound and phenol type compound. Polyester film has greater than or equal to 3 layer of outermost layer and central layer in which outermost layer contains particles and central layer does not contain particles. Coating layer has oxazoline group. Preferred Conditions: Ratio ((P1/P2)/D) of peak intensity (P1) at 1655 cm-1 and peak intensity (P2) at 1580 cm-1 and film thickness (D) is 0.05-0.25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Weight ratio of copper halide thermal stabilizer to zeolite is 1:2-1:15. Copper halide thermal stabilizer comprises copper(I) chloride, copper(I) bromide, copper(I) iodide, copper(II) chloride, copper(II) bromide, and/or copper(II) iodide. Preferred Parameters: Zeolite has specific surface area of 300-1200 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Semi-aromatic polyamide resin comprises repeat unit containing dicarboxylic acid unit including 10-100 mol.% aromatic dicarboxylic acid and aliphatic and/or alicyclic diamine unit. Semi-aromatic polyamide resin comprises polyamide (PA6T/66) including hexamethylene terephthalamide and hexamethylene adipamide and/or polyamide (PA6T/DT) including hexamethylene terephthalamide and 2-methylpentamethylene terephthalamide. Molded product contains component inside an under hood. Preferred Parameters: Semi-aromatic polyamide resin has glass transition temperature (Tg) of 110-160 degrees C. Composition has tensile strength a1, with respect to initial tensile strength a0 measured according to ASTM D638 after being dipped into mixture solution including 50:50 volume ratio of ethylene glycol and water at 130 degrees C for 500 hours, expressed by formula (a1/a0x 100=75-100) (1). Composition has tensile strength a2, with respect to initial tensile strength a0 measured according to ASTM D638 after being dipped into mixture solution including 50:50 volume ratio of ethylene glycol and water at 220 degrees C for 500 hours, expressed by formula (a2/a0x 100=55-100) (2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cathode material is selected from lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, iron sulphide, vanadium pentaoxide. The anode material is selected from metallic lithium, graphite, silicon, or a metal oxide such as iron oxide, Titanium dioxide, lithium titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrode includes a solvent e.g. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidine (NMP), water, acetone, alcohol such as methanol, propanol and butanol, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The dispersant is polyvinilidine difluoride (PVDF), a surfactant which does not react with materials of the electrode such as Triton-X100, an alkyl ammonium bromide salt such as tetraethylammonium bromide, an alkylbenzyldimethylammonium halide alkylbenzyldimethylammonium bromide or chloride, a glycol ester such as glycol stearate and glycerol ester. The electrode includes a binder e.g. polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylidine difluoride (PVDF), polyvinylacetate (PVA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The decomposition of carbon sources in the reactor to release carbon is done by providing energy (103) to the synthesis reactor by heating and/or by introducing a decomposing reagent. The method further involves introducing promoter(s) and catalyst(s) into the synthesis reactor, purifying the synthesized nanomaterial by introducing a purifying reagent, functionalizing the synthesized nanomaterial by introducing functionalizing reagent and introducing a substrate into the synthesis reactor on which the nanomaterial is synthesized. The mixture of three carbon sources is introduced into the synthesis reactor. Preferred Conditions: The carbon source(s) is introduced as liquid, aerosol or gas into the synthesis reactor. Preferred Component: The carbon source(s) is chosen from elemental carbon, molecule or polymer containing carbon atom(s) SP, SP2 or SP3 bonded to each other and/or to oxygen, hydroxyl group(s), nitrogen, nitroso group(s), amine group(s) and/or sulfonate group(s), organic compound, an oxide of carbon, carbide, carbonate and cyanide, preferably carbon monoxide. Preferred Composition: The mixture of two carbon sources contains carbon sources (A) and (B). The molar ratio of carbon source (A) to carbon source (B) in the synthesis reactor is 1:10000000-10000000:1. The nanomaterial is a high aspect ratio molecular material comprising carbon, graphene or fullerene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is a bulk metal, alloy, or a material comprising a metal or an alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic compound(s) is a hydrocarbon or a carbohydrate. The carbon source(s) is ethylene or toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: Electroconductive composition further contains a glass frit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Conductive metallic particle is selected from silver, copper, aluminum, zinc, platinum, palladium, lead, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum, and/or their alloys in which one metal is coated and/or mixed with at least another metal. Organometallic compound, metal salt, inorganic oxide, and/or inorganic hydroxide is organometallic compound, metal salt, inorganic oxide, and/or inorganic hydroxide of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, rhodium, tellurium, lead, zinc, vanadium, chromium, ytterbium, niobium, molybdenum, manganese, silver, tantalum, tungsten, lanthanum, aluminum, antimony, bismuth, boron, silicon, zirconium, phosphorus, selenium, yttrium, and/or tin. Preferred Processes: The method includes mixing slurry of greater than or equal to 1 conductive metallic particle in water and/or 1st organic solvent with solution of greater than or equal to 1 inorganic precursor in water and/or 2nd organic solvent. The method further includes drying the inorganic coated conductive metallic particle. Hydrolysis is performed by adjusting the pH.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 1st organic solvent and the 2nd organic solvent are hydrocarbons and/or alcohols. Organic compound is selected from amines, fatty acids, copolymers with acidic groups, acrylic acids, phosphoric acid esters, polymer salts having an acid group, carboxylic acid esters having a hydroxyl group, amides, carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids, organic acid anhydrides, acrylic copolymers, phosphates of a copolymer, alkyl ammonium salts of a block copolymer, modified acrylic block copolymers, modified acrylic block copolymers, and/or their salts, and is added to the mixture containing the coated metallic particle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive composition further comprises rheology modifier, dispersing agent or surfactant. Preferred Components: The copper powder has an average particle size of 40-1000 nm, and is coated with organic matter (amine) on surface. The metal precursor includes silver, copper, or nickel with 6-18C atoms compound, preferably copper-hexanoate, copper-heptanoate, copper-octanoate, copper-nonanoate, copper-decanoate, copper-neodecanoate, copper-stearate, copper-isostearate, copper-oleiate, copper-ricinoleiate, silver-hexanoate, silver-heptanoate, silver- octanoate, silver-nonanoate, silver-decanoate, silver-neodecanoate, silver-stearate, silver-isostearate, silver-oleiate, silver-ricinoleiate, nickel-hexanoate, nickel-heptanoate, nickel-octanoate, nickel-nonanoate, nickel-decanoate, nickel-neodecanoate, nickel-stearate, nickel-isostearate, nickel-oleiate and/or nickel-ricinoleiate. The binder resin is cellulose, an epoxy, polyester, polyurethane, and/or acrylic based resin. The solvent is polar or non-polar solvent having boiling point of 60-300 degrees C. The rheology modifier is polyurethane acrylate, acrylate or polyester based modifier. EXAMPLE - Typical conductive composition comprised of 30 g copper nanoparticles, 0.8 g cellulose resin, 6 g urethane acrylate, 8 g terpineol, 24 g isopropyl alcohol, and 10 g copper neodecanoate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The battery shell structure further comprises 0.5-10 wt.% radical scavenger, and intermediate layer. Preferred Components: The gas adsorbent is made of adsorbent material having specific surface area of more than 200 m2/g, and porous material. The gas adsorbent is selected from active carbon, silica gel, zeolite, calcium carbonate, talc powder and/or aluminum oxide, and is used in an amount of 0.1-5 wt.%. The intermediate layer is formed on gas adsorption layer and adhesive layer (A), and comprises polymer (B). The barrier layer is made of metal and aluminum foil. Preferred Properties: The gas absorption layer has thickness of 30-100 mu m. The intermediate layer and gas adsorbing layer have total thickness of 30-100 mu m. The barrier layer has thickness of 30-50 mu m. The outer protection layer has thickness of 10-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intermediate layer further comprises 0.5-10 wt.% radical scavenger. The radical scavenger is a compound used to provide free hydrogen. The compound is an aromatic ring structure compound having hydroxy group. The radical scavenger is selected from phenols, N,N'-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol), tri(butylcresyl) butane, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and/or barbituric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymers (A) and (B) are selected from polyolefin, preferably polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene or polymethylpentene. The adhesive layer (A) comprises adhesive, which is selected from polyurethane resin, polyester resin, acrylic resin or polyolefin resin-based bonding material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Compound (B) is selected from epoxy group and carbodiimide group and has intrinsic viscosity of greater than or equal to 0.7 dl/g. The polyester film further contains greater than or equal to 1 layer containing compound (C) which absorbs near infrared light.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The composition has viscosity measured by a Brookfield viscometer of 500 mPa.second or less at 100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal halide is zinc bromide, zinc chloride, ferric chloride, aluminum chloride, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc acetate and/or lithium bromide. The mass ratio of metal halide with respect to total content of polymer quaternary ammonium salt, metal halide and silica gel is 1:200-1:100. The molar ratio of polymer quaternary ammonium salt and metal halide is 2:1. The mass ratio of polymer quaternary ammonium salt and silica gel is 1:20-1:5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is manufactured in presence of organic solvent. The organic solvent is ethanol or methanol. The epoxide is chosen from propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, styrene oxide and 1-hexene oxide. The cyclic carbonate is manufactured in presence of solvent which is dodecane. The cyclic carbonate is extracted using solvent which is ethyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer quaternary ammonium salt is polydimethyldiallylammonium bromide or polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride. The reactor is a pressure reactor having non-stick lining on the inner surface. The non-stick lining comprises polytetrafluoroethylene or glass liner.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The olefin monomer is ethylene monomer. The olefin aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer (C1) is ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer of aromatic vinyl compound unit content of 15-30 mol%, aromatic polyene unit content of 0.01-0.2 mol%, and remainder of ethylene unit content. The weight average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer is 30000-200000, preferably 30000-150000 and 1.8-4 preferably 1.8-3, respectively. The total crystal melting heat observed at 0-150 degrees C of the cross-copolymer is 25 J/g or less. The content of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer in the cross-copolymer is 70-95 %mass. The ratio of total polymerizable unsaturated group which shows total of double bond and terminal double bond derived from a divinylbenzene unit contained in the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer with respect to divinylbenzene unit content of the copolymer is 1.3-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The platinum hollow nanoparticles have average aperture ratio of 5-20% computed by an image-analysis method, average particle diameter of 1-50 nm. The thickness of the outer shell portion of platinum hollow nanoparticles is 0.23-5 nm. In the platinum hollow nanoparticles, the inner surface utilization factor which is defined as a ratio of the electrochemical activity surface area of the inner surface of the platinum hollow nanoparticles with respect to the electrochemical activity surface area of the platinum hollow nanoparticles is 20% or more. The thickness of platinum is 0.2-1 nm. The average particle diameter of platinum hollow nanoparticles in outer shell portion is 1-50 nm. Preferred Composition: In addition to outer surface, the hollow nanoparticles in inner surface of hollow portion functions as catalyst. The base metal is nickel. The electroconductive material is carbon black, and is used as support.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reduction of compound containing base metal is carried out using hydrazine or its derivative as reducing agent. Preferred Process: The removal of the template particles is enforced by acid-treating template particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor metal oxide contains molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide and/or titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer comprises a conjugated polymer and acidic co-solvent complexes. The acidic cosolvent contains acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, benzoic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and non-fluorinated acidic polymer. The non-fluorinated acid polymer is polystyrene-sulfonic acid or poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid). The conjugated polymer is chosen from polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyselenophene, polyfluorene and polyparaphenylene vinylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyvinyl fluoride film layer has thickness of 15-45 mu m. The polyethylene terephthalate film layer has thickness of 100-400 mu m. The adhesive layer has thickness of 5-30 mu m. The UV synergistic film layer has thickness of 15-150 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The epoxy-modified polyethylene-type resin has melting point of 90 degrees C or more measured at heating rate of 10 degrees C/minute in differential scanning calorimetry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction system has propylene concentration of 20-49 mol%. The metallocene compound is of formula (I). The olefin polymerization catalyst contains compound capable of reacting with metallocene compound and forming ion pair, preferably boron compound, or ion-exchangeable layered silicate, and organoaluminum compound. The total number of double bond of vinylidene and vinyl groups in copolymer is more than 0.5, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance.M=Ti, Zr or Hf;R1-R20=H, halo, 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C haloalkyl, 6-20C aryl, 1-10C alkoxy, silyl having 1-6C hydrocarbyl, -N(R23)2, -SR23, -OSi(R23)3 or -P(R23)2;R23=halo, 1-10C alkyl or 6-20C aryl;R5+R6, R5+R10, R15+R16, R15+R20=aryl or aliphatic ring;Y'=Si or C, preferably C;R21,R22=H, halo, 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C fluoroalkyl, 1-10C alkoxy, 6-20C aryl, 6-10C fluoroaryl, 6-10C aryloxy, 2-10C alkenyl, 7-40C arylalkyl, 7-40C alkylaryl or 8-40C aryl alkenyl;R21+R22=ring;X1,X2=H, 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C alkoxy, 6-20C aryl, 6-10C aryloxy, 2-10C alkenyl, 7-40C arylalkyl, 7-40C alkylaryl, 8-40C aryl alkenyl, 1-10C amino, OH, halo or neutral ligand;andX1+X2=ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The ultra-thin metal anode electrode is aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), lithium (Li), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn) and pure crystalline metal simple substance containing these elements amorphous alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyethylene glycol is selected from polyethylene glycol 800, polyethylene glycol 1000 or polyethylene glycol 1200. Active additive is benzotriazole, 2-hydroxymethyl imidazole, N, N-dimethyl lauryl amine or methyl. hydrochloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cavity inner shell is coated with UV resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The marsh gas tank further comprises an alarm, which is connected to the output end of the controller. The insulating layer is extruded polystyrene foam board. The electric heating tube is a spiral heating tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat transfer fluid comprises 10-80 wt.% diphenyl-diphenyl ether, 10-80 wt.% cyanide silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecyl aminopropylamine, 1-12 wt.% terminated polyisobutylene, and 2-28 wt.% magnesium-zinc alloy nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light conversion material layer comprises 0.05-8 wt.% compound (I), 0.5-10 wt.% compound (II), 0.02-5 wt.% carrier material, and 77-99 wt.% additive. The compound (I) has particle size of less than 50 mu m and particle size distribution (D90-D10)/2D50 of less than 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The additive is polyurethane resin, cellulose, aliphatic amine, cycloaliphatic amine and/or polymer-based epoxy resin. The carrier material is polymethyl methacrylate or polyvinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The conductive substrate is FTO conductive glass, ITO conductive glass or AZO conductive glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-soluble carbon precursor is ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, water-soluble starch, fructose and/or glucose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The paint comprises 3-5 wt.% ammonium silicate, 20-50 wt.% silica sol, 7-10 wt.% silane coupling agent, 20-30 wt.% acrylic emulsion, and 20-30 wt.% zinc powders.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass material comprises 30-80 wt.% tellurium dioxide, 0-5 wt.% lead oxide, 1-20 wt.% bismuth oxide and 0-50 wt.% zinc oxide. Preferred Components: The glass material is tellurium-bismuth-lead-zinc system and tellurium-bismuth-zinc system mixed glass powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is selected from dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, glycol ester, butyl carbitol, terpineol, diethyl phthalate and dimethyl phthalate. The thickening agent is selected from rosin glycerin ester, rosin ester, maleic acid butyrate cellulose ester wax, polymethyl methacrylate and acrylic ester and alkyd resin. The organic thixotropic agent is selected from hydrogenated castor oil and polyolefin wax. The wetting dispersant is selected from lecithin and lemon tri butyl ester. The sizing agent further comprises first silver powder dispersing system comprising oleic acid, linoleic acid, sodium stearate and phosphorus-containing surfactant, and a second silver powder dispersing system comprising oleic acid, linoleic acid, linoleic acid, sodium stearate, lauric acid, lecithin and phosphorus-containing surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing proir solution comprising 48-52 parts powder, 10-30 parts solvent, 3-15 parts dispersant, 2-16 parts plasticizer and 3-15 parts binder. Preferred Components: The solvent is dimethylbenzene, anhydrous alcohol, acetone, butanone, butyl acetate, and water. The dispersant is fish oil. The plasticizing agent is triethanolamine, methyl amyl alcohol, acrylic acid resin, benzoate, polyethylene glycol, dibutyl phthalate and, and the binder is polyethylene alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic ester, and epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The bone fracture plate is stainless steel, titanium metal or titanium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Soft monomer is selected from isooctyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate or normal-octyl. hard monomer is selected from methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate or vinyl acetate. Functional monomer is selected from hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, acrylic acid or acrylonitrile. Initiator is selected from tert.-butyl peroxide, tert.-butyl hydroperoxide, diisocyanate heptanenitrile, azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide or persulfate salts. Solvent is selected from ethyl acetate, acetic acid, isopropyl alcohol or toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by reacting boric acid or 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid, and ethoxide-containing derivative of formula (V) or hydroxide-containing derivative of formula (VI), and removing generated water or alcohol compound of formula (ROH).Ph=aromatic structure;m=1 or 2; andR=H or 1-4C alkyl.Preferred Method: The method includes dissolving nitrile butadiene rubber in tetraammine furan, acetone or methyl ethyl ketone solvent, stirring at 25-80 degrees C to obtain nitrile butadiene rubber solution; adding boron-based compounds, continuously stirring at 1-4 hours, cooling, concentrating and drying. The mixing temperature in the first step is 50-70 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The palladium catalyst is tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tris (dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, and/or bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium. The phosphine ligand is triphenylphosphine, tri(o-tolyl)phosphine, and/or tri(furyl) phosphine. The activating agent comprises 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The molar ratio of (V), 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and (VI) is 1:1-50:0.1-50:1-50.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): (I) is prepared by reacting substituted thieno(3,4- b)thiophene derivative of formula (II), aryl derivative of formula Z-Ar1-Z (III) and substituted thieno(3,4-b)thiophene derivative of formula (IV) at 90-110 degrees C for 50-80 hours in inert atmosphere in the presence of palladium catalyst and phosphine ligand. (IV) is prepared by amidation reaction of substituted thieno(3,4-b)thiophene derivative of formula (V) and amide compound of formula (VI) at 0-30 degrees C for 6-24 hours in the presence of activating agent.X=Br or I; andZ=trialkyltin or boronate.Preferred Components: The molar ratio of (III), (II), (IV), palladium catalyst and phosphine ligand is 1.02-2:1:0.02-1:0.01-0.1:0.08-0.8. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1=group of formula (a);    A, B1=S, O, or Se; and    R, R4=H, 1-50C alkyl, or 1-50C alkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of lithium ions (n(Li+)) to phosphate ions (n(PO4)3-) is 3-3.3:1. The target product comprises 3-5 %mass carbon. The amount of divalent manganese salt (n(Mn)2+) satisfies the relation: n(Mn)2+=1.05x n(PO4)3-.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base solution comprises deionized water containing polystyrene spheres.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by preparing polymerizable monomer, where polymerizable monomer has conjugated multi-section segment and conjugated segment located at one or both ends, and co-non-conjugated segment-connected to core segments, and non-conjugated segments; and polymerizing. Preferred Components: The polymer has average molecular weight of greater than or equal to 2500, preferably greater than or equal to 10000, wavelength range of 500-900 nm, and maximum molar absorption coefficient of greater than or equal to 103, preferably greater than or equal to 104. Preferred Definitions:    CSG=one or more of 4 groups of formulae (f)-(i); and    LK1, LK2=optionally substituted 1-30C alkyl or group of formulae (j)-(k).    m1-m6=1-5; and    R1-R28=H, 1-30C alkyl, 1-30C alkyl substituted with H, 1-30C alkyl-aryl, 1-30C alkyl-thienyl, or 1-30C alkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The film comprises Autoflex EBG-5 Polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The front cover and/or the rear adhesive sheet comprise mixture of polyvinyl acetal having 10-45 wt.% at least one plasticizer, preferably not greater than 10 wt.% at least one plasticizer. The front cover and/or the rear adhesive sheet have softening temperature of 100-240 degrees C. The front cover and/or the rear adhesive sheet comprise infrared-absorbing material. The heat distribution layer is used a film containing metal including aluminum, copper, silver, titanium, chromium, zinc, iron or nickel and having thickness of 0.01-2 mm. The heat transfer layer is a plate-shaped metal layer having thickness of 0.5-10 mm and containing metal including aluminum, copper, silver, titanium, chromium, zinc, iron or nickel and is introduced into the channels for circulation of a liquid heat carrier. The insulating layer is made of polyurethane, foamed polystyrene, silica or polyvinyl acetal and has thickness of 1-50 mm. The total thickness of the solar collector is 15-50 mm. The collector has weight per unit area of 15-30 kg/m2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The intermediate layer consists of a polyimide resin, polybenzimidazole resin, polyether-sulfone resin, polyamidoimide resin, a polyether resin, fully aromatic polyester resin, or aromatic-polyamide aramid resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polypropylene composition has a flexural modulus of at least 900 MPa, preferably 950-3000 MPa, when measured according to ISO 178, melting temperature of 158-170 degrees C, preferably 164-169 degrees C, melt flow rate (MFR) of 0.2-15.0 g/10 minutes, preferably 0.3-10 g/10 minutes, measured according to ISO 1133, at 230 degrees C and a load of 2.16 kg, vicat softening temperature of at least 145 degrees C, preferably 148-165 degrees C, and 3-20 wt.% of XCS fraction. Preferred Composition: The heterophasic copolymer of propylene (A) has a comonomer content of 0.5-20 wt.%, preferably 2.0-10 wt.%, and the comonomer is chosen from ethylene and 4-8C ( alpha )-comonomer. The polypropylene matrix component of the heterophasic copolymer of propylene (A) is a homopolymer or random copolymer of propylene, preferably a homopolymer of propylene. The polypropylene composition is a layer of a backsheet element, preferably a laminated or coextruded layer of a backsheet multilayer element, and the layer of the backsheet monolayer element or the layers of the multilayer backsheet element of the photovoltaic module is free from fluoride containing polymer. At least one of the photovoltaic elements is at least one element of photovoltaic cell(s).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The negative electrode active material is made of magnesium, boron, aluminum, titanium, gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, bismuth, cadmium, silver, zinc, hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, palladium, platinum, nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, antimony, chromium, oxygen, carbon, niobium, molybdenum, posphorous. The element is made of cobalt, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, calcium, strontium, and tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The dielectric structures are made of polyimide, PTFE and benzocyclobutene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte comprises alicyclic nitrogen cation with asymmetric structure. The alicyclic ring has 5-7 members. The quaternary nitrogen adjacent to the alicyclic ring is substituted with methyl and ((CH2)n-CH3), ((CH2)n-O-CH3) and ((CH2-CH2O)n-CH3). The electrolyte comprises cation including N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium and/or N-methoxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium; and anion including fluorinate and sulfonyl imide, preferably bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. The lithium salt is lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. The molar ratio of lithium salt and electrolyte is 1:2-1:20. The gas diffusion layer comprises carbon fiber woven fiber or non-woven material. The gas diffusion layer is coated with conductive carbon black. The separator is a filter which comprises material including glass fiber, cellulose fiber and organic polymer. The anode comprises a sheet of lithium metal.n = 1-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The film further comprises a benzotriazole-type UV absorber having skeleton of formula (II). Preferred Property: The film has a gel content of 0-55 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal core is made of gold or silver nano-particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The mass ratio of organic polymer and fullerene derivative is 1:0.8-1:1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Mixed solution is produced with copper naphthenate solution, naphthenic-acid zinc solution, and octylic acid tin solution. Preferred Process: Coating process is performed with spin coat process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: Bulk-heterojunction photoactive layer is formed on a substrate which is an electrode. The photovoltaic cell comprises a transparent substrate, a transparent electrode which is a cathode, and is not transparent. The bulk-heterojunction photoactive layer is arranged between the transparent electrodes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is chosen from alkanedithiol and/or bis(tri-n-hexylsilyl oxy) germanium phthalocyanine based on its crystallization tendency and is not chosen from bis(tri-n-hexylsilyl oxy)silicon phthalocyanine. The electron donor material and electron acceptor material are (poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) (P3HT:PC61BM) blend where electron donor material is chosen from poly(trihexylthiophene) (P3HT) and/or poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), and electron acceptor material is PC61BM, (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester and/or 1',1",4,4"-tetrahydro-di(1,4)-methanonaphthaleno-(1,2:2",3",56,60:2",3") (5,6) fullerene-C60 (ICBA). The solvent is chosen chlorobenzene, chloroform, dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, xylene, tetrahydronaphthalene, toluene, benzene, quinolone, m-cresol, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, methylnaphthalene and/or dimethylnaphthalene. The mixture further comprises a nucleation agent to promote crystallization of the additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate or polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The multilayer graphene has 2-50 layers. The metal substrate contains 5 wt.% or more metal chosen from nickel, iron, aluminum, cobalt, molybdenum, tantalum, and their alloys. Preferred Properties: The multilayer graphene has a size of 5 square mm or more. The variation of number of graphene layers in the in-plane position of multilayer graphene is 5 or less. The graphite has electrical conductivity of 10000 S/cm or more along the surface direction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The magnitude of application pressure used during the manufacture of multilayer graphene is 0.2-200 kgf/cm2. Manufacture of multilayer graphene further involves forming a graphite film by heat-processing a polymer film at the temperature of 2400 degrees C or more, isolating the multilayer graphene transferred by the metal substrate surface by etching, and peeling the multilayer graphene transferred by the metal substrate surface using the polymer film having adhesion/adhesion function.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The halide is hydrogen iodide, hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide. Formamidinium halide is formamidinium iodide, formamidinium chloride or formamidinium bromide. The metal alkoxide is alkali metal alkoxide, preferably sodium ethoxide. The semiconductor layer has thickness of less than 1 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic material layer comprises oxide and/or nitride of metal chosen from aluminum, zirconium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum, indium, tin, zinc, cerium and silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dielectric layer (a1) or (11) contains acrylic resin, urethane resin, melamine resin, alkyd resin, epoxy-based resin, siloxane-based polymer and organosilane compound: (R1-Q)m-Si-(X)(4-m) of formula (I), or metal alkoxide compound of formula: M-(R3)z (II).X=H, halo, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or -N(R2)2;R2=H or alkyl;R1=alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, aryl alkenyl, alkenyl aryl, aryl alkynyl, alkynyl, halo, amino, amido, alkyl carbonyl, carboxy, mercapto, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, sulfo, phosphoryl, methacryloyloxy or epoxy;Q=single bond, O or -N(R2)-;m=1-3;M=Al, Zr or Ti;R3=halo, alkyl, alkoxy, acyloxy or hydroxy;andz=3 or 4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyester film consists of layer (C) formed between layers (A,B). Layer (A) contains inert particles having an average particle diameter of 50-1000 nm. Layer (B) contains inert particles having an average particle diameter of 2-4.3 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The stable dielectric material contains 80 pts. wt. nano-silicon carbide powder, 20 pts. wt. micro-alumina, 1 pt. wt. potassium feldspar, 1.5 pts. wt. zirconium silicate, 5 pts. wt. calcium carbonate, 0.6 pt. wt. titanium trichloride, 6 pts. wt. modified silica, 1 pt. wt. talc, 0.5 pt. wt. potassium phosphotungstate, 1 pt. wt. silica, 1 pt. wt. modified corn starch, 1.5 pts. wt. calcined kaolin, 0.3 pt. wt. graphene microchip, 0.6 pt. wt. cordierite powder and 0.7 pt. wt. purple clay.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat transfer fluid material comprises 10-80 wt.% xylene ether, 10-80 wt.% ethyl hydrogen silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecane amino propylamine, 1-12 wt.% terminated polyisobutylene, and 2-28 wt.% nano-titanium aluminum particles.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Heterocyclic compounds i.e. 3-(5-(5-(((5E)-3-ethyl-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-6-(5-(7-(5-(4-(5-(5-(((5E)-3-ethyl-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-dioxo-2H,3H,5H,6H-pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrol-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-9-(heptadecan-9-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-5-(3-ethylheptyl)-2-(2-ethylhexyl)-1H,2H,4H,5H-pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4-dione of formula (A) and 3-(5-(9-decyl-15-(5-(4-(5-(5-(((5E)-3-ethyl-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-dioxo-2H,3H,5H,6H-pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrol-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-9,18,18-trioctyl-5,14-dithia-9,18-disilapentacyclo(10.6.0.03,10.04,8.013,17)octadeca-1(12),2,4(8),6,10,13(17),15-heptaen-6-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-6-(5-(5-(((5E)-3-ethyl-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-(3-ethylheptyl)-5-(2-ethylhexyl)-1H,2H,4H,5H-pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4-dione, are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat transfer fluid comprises 10-80 wt.% hydrogenated terphenyl, 10-80 wt.% cyanide silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecane amino propylamine, 1-12 wt.% terminated polyisobutylene, and 2-28 wt.% aluminum-lithium alloy nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A base plate is made of light thin film material such as polyimide, glass fiber or carbon fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, diphenyl sulfoxide, thionyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide , methylethyl sulfone, methylpropyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, ethylpropyl sulfone, ethylisopropyl sulfone, ethyl isobutyl sulfone and/or cyclobutane-dipropyl sulfone or sulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The perfluoro polymer electrolyte base material is a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer or a perfluorocarboxylic acid polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the steps (iii) and (iv), the immersion time is 1 second-60 minutes. In the step (v), the steps (iii) and (iv) are repeated for 1-100 times. The step (ii) comprises cleaning the conductive substrate surface with deionized water, acetone and alkali cleaning agent sequentially, and then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 1-60 minutes using isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zirconia ceramic comprises 93-95 wt.% composite material as base material, 1.5-1.7 wt.% magnesium oxide mineralizing agent, 1.7-1.9 wt.% barium and 2.5-2.7 wt.% clay. The composite material comprises 81-82 wt.% nylon 6 resin, 6.1-6.3 wt.% glass fiber, 0.8-0.9 wt.% anti-aging agent, 1.3-1.5 wt.% anti-wear agent, 3.3-3.5 wt.% curing agent, 2.2-2.4 wt.% toughening agent and balance flame retardant or antistatic agent. The tungsten manganese alloy steel comprises 12.6-12.8 wt.% tungsten, 6.2-6.4 wt.% manganese, 2.6-2.8 wt.% chromium, 1.2-1.4 wt.% molybdenum, 2.2-2.4 wt.% nickel, 1.1-1.3 wt.% niobium, 1-1.2 wt.% carbon, and balance iron and unavoidable impurities. The unavoidable impurities comprise less than 0.06 wt.% tin, less than 0.23 wt.% silicon, less than 0.012 wt.% sulfur and less than 0.013 wt.% phosphorus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high cohesiveness vinylidene fluoride copolymer comprises 1-5 wt.% modified acrylate comonomer of formula (I) and vinylidene fluoride monomer. The alkyl is methyl or ethyl. The modified acrylate comonomer is 2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, 2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate ester, 1,1-difluoro-2-methyl methacrylate or 2-trifluoromethyl methacrylate. The high cohesiveness vinylidene fluoride copolymer further comprises 0.1-50 wt.%, preferably 1-10 wt.% third comonomer comprising vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoropropene, pentafluoropropene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoromethyl vinyl ether or perfluoro propyl vinyl ether, preferably hexafluoropropylene. The dispersant is of formula (XCnF2nCOOM). The organic peroxide initiator is di-isopropyl peroxide, di-iso-butyl peroxide or di-ethyl peroxide. The chain transfer agent is isopropanol, n-butanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, chloroform, methylene chloride or hexane. The melting point of high cohesiveness vinylidene fluoride copolymer is 160-172 degrees C, adhesive strength of 1-10 N/m, thermogravimetric (400 degrees C) is not less than 1% and intrinsic viscosity of 0.7-4 dl/g, weight average molecular weight of 30-1,200,000 g/mol, molecular weight distribution factor of 1.6-5, molecular weight distribution curve is monomodal distribution, melt flow rate of 0.02-10 g/10 minutes, adhesive strength of 5-10 N/m and can be dissolved in N,N-dimethyl-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide or N,N-dimethylformamide. Preferred Method: The vinylidene fluoride monomer is prepared by emulsion or suspension polymerization method.X=F or H;n=4-12; andM=H, alkali metal ion, ammonium ion, substituted ammonium ion or polyether. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R2, R3=F, H or 1-3C alkyl comprising F;    R4=1-3C alkyl comprising F.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system is solar thermal device or heat engine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The operating temperature of the silicone fluid is at least 400 degrees C. The fresh silicone fluid essentially comprises methylpolysiloxane. Methylpolysiloxane includes linear methylpolysiloxane compounds of formula (Me3SiO-(Me2SiO)x-SiMe3) (I) and/or cyclic methylpolysiloxane compounds of formula ((Me2SiO)y) (II). The viscosity of the fresh silicone fluid is 1-100 mPax second at 25 degrees C. The replacement amount of the high temperature silicone fluid present in the system over 365 days of operation is 1-30%. The removed portion of the used silicone fluid is regenerated and recycled as fresh silicone fluid back into the system.Me = methyl;x = greater than or equal to 0; andy = greater than or equal to 3.Provided that: weighted arithmetic mean value of x using molar fraction is 3-20 and the weighted arithmetic mean value of y using molar fraction is 3-6. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The inner layer adjacent to the surface layer contains polyolefin resin. The polyolefin resin contains a polyethylene-type resin or a polypropylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic alkali chemicals are potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide. The surfactant is polyoxyethylene alkyl (8-22C saturated or unsaturated) ether selected from polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether, polyoxyethylene oleamide, sodium laurate, oleic acid potassium salt, lauric acid diethanolamine salt, oleic acid diethanolamine salt, oleic acid triethanolamine salt, alkyl (8-12C) sodium benzenesulfonate or sodium lauryl sulfate. The glycols are selected from diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (having average molecular weight of 200-2000) or polypropyleneglycol (having average molecular weight of 300-3000). The glycol ethers are selected from dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether. The amino acids are selected from alanine, cystine, proline, serine, threonine, valine, gamma -aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid, aminopropionic acid, glutamic acid or glycine. Preferred Composition: Surface treating agent comprises 0.1-10% (weight/volume) inorganic alkali chemicals, 0.0001-1.0% (weight/volume) surfactant, 0.3-60% (weight/volume) glycols, 0.3-30% (weight/volume) glycol ethers, 0.1-15% urea (weight/volume) and 0.1-15% (weight/volume) amino acids. The surface treating agent is used as cutting fluid, cleaning liquid and as macroetching solution when silicon wafer is sliced from single crystal silicon ingot.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The aluminum foil has thickness of 30-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The modified polypropylene layer comprises polypropylene copolymer, polypropylene, extruded polyethylene layer, and cyclic olefin or extruded cyclic olefin copolymer. The adhesive layers (A), (B), and (C) comprise single-component polyurethane adhesive, two-component polyurethane adhesives, polyacrylic acid resin adhesive, polyvinyl acetate adhesive, urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, and/or epoxy adhesive. The polyethylene layer is double-sided corona treated polyethylene layer. The polyethylene layer comprises linear low density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene copolymer, homo-high density polyethylene, and/or modified polyethylene. The terephthalate polyester layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate, modified polyethylene terephthalate, and/or polybutylene terephthalate. Preferred Properties: The modified polypropylene layer has thickness of 10-100 mu m. The polyethylene layer has thickness of 10-80 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel consists essentially of a biodiesel and a petroleum product, where the petroleum product is ultra-low sulfur diesel. The fuel is present at 1-99 vol.%, preferably 40-65 vol.%. The glycerol is present at 10-60 vol.%, preferably 46 vol.%. The water is present at 20 wt.% of the glycerol. The surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant. The mixture contains less than 0.1% by mass elemental sulfur. The droplets have diameters of 100 nm to 50 micrometers. Preferred Method: The engine is an internal combustion engine or diesel engine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surfactant comprises a polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, a glyceride, a polyglycerol, a sorbitan glycoside, an ester, and/or an acid. EXAMPLE - 50 ml 99% Pure glycerol was placed in a 300 ml wide-mouth beaker and to this 150 ml 100% biodiesel derived from food grade canola oil, 10 ml distilled water, 0.5 ml sorbitan monooleate, 0.25 ml sorbitan trioleate, and 0.5 ml polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate were added. Then using a handheld mixer, the fuel components were stirred for 60 seconds at approximately 1000rpm. This mixing produced a macro-emulsion, where no free glycerol was observed. This intermediate macro-emulsion was then processed through a high pressure homogenizer to obtain resultant emulsified fuel which was a light yellow in appearance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyester resin composition contains carboxyl group and reacting compound (B) which consists of greater than or equal to 1 glycidyl group or carbodiimide group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: gradually heating at a rate of 4-8 degrees C/minute; first raising the temperature to 100-150 degrees C, reacting, and continuously heating to 180-230 degrees C; dispersing the reaction product in anhydrous ethanol for settling. The reaction time is 60-150 minutes. The method comprises taking 0.1-0.3 mol palladium nitrate dihydrate, 0.1-0.3 mol platinum chloride hexahydrate, 10-15 mmol polyvinylpyrrolidone, 5-10 mmol cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and 30-50 ml ethanediol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The alternating copolymer further contains thiophene-containing group of formula (III).R3=H or 1-10C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low-molecular weight compound has a piperidine ethanol structure. The hindered amine light stabilizer is of formula (I).n=not defined.N.B: n is not defined. Preferred Property: The hindered amine light stabilizer has number average molecular weight of 2500 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of hindered amine light stabilizer is 0.08-0.5 %mass. The content of low-molecular weight compound is 10-75% with respect to the content of hindered amine light stabilizer. The polyethylene-type resin is a metallocene-type linear low-density polyethylene, or a silane copolymer obtained by copolymerizing alpha -olefin and ethylenically unsaturated silane compound as a comonomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ultraviolet-absorption pigment is rutile-type titanium oxide, and has average particle diameter of 0.005-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primer layer has thickness of 0.5-20 mu m. The resin in the primer layer is urethane resin which is obtained by crosslinking urethane-type prepolymer using isocyanate-type crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The UV absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone. The plasticizer is triethylene glycol di-iso octanoate (sic). The crosslinking agent is tert-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate. The co-crosslinking agent comprises mixture of triallyl isocyanurate and trimethylolpropane trimethylacrylate. The UV stabilizer is bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate. The antioxidant is tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite and/or tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate. The tackifier is gamma -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The flame retardant is trioctyl phosphate. The antacid is calcium stearate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The packaging film contains 55-65 %mass ethylene-vinyl acetate and 25-35 %mass polyvinyl butyral. The packaging film further comprises 0.05-0.5 %mass UV absorber, 3-8 %mass titanium dioxide, 2-8 %mass anti-overflow plastic filler, 3-10 %mass plasticizer, 0.1-2 %mass crosslinking agent, 0.1-2 %mass co-crosslinking agent, 0.05-0.4 %mass UV stabilizer, 0.05-0.4 %mass antioxidant, 0.05-0.4 %mass tackifier, 0.05-0.4 %mass flame retardant and 0.05-0.4 %mass antacid. Preferred Components: The anti-overflow plastic filler is ultra-fine glass fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyol is amino group-containing polyol (a1), phosphorus-containing diol (a2) of formula (4) and polyol (a3) other than the polyol (a1) and diol (a2). The phosphazene compound is non-cyclic polyphosphazene compound of formula (5) and/or cyclic phosphazene compound of formula (6). Preferred Processes: The component (a1) is polyether polyol (a1-2) obtained by carrying out addition reaction of nitrilotris alkanol of formula (1) with alkylene oxide of formula (3) as initiator and/or polyether polyol (a1-3) obtained by carrying out addition reaction with alkylene diamine of formula: H2N-R2-NH2 and alkylene oxide (3) as initiator. The polyisocyanate is obtained by reacting isocyanate group-terminated prepolymer and polyether polyol (a3-1). The urethane catalyst is imidazole compound. The polyol (a3-1) is obtained by carrying out addition reaction of alkylene oxide (3) using low-molecular weight polyol as an initiator.R1=H or methyl;R2=2-4C alkylene;R3=H or 1-3C alkyl;R4=1-20C alkyl or aryl optionally substituted by 1-20C alkyl;R5,R6,R7=1-3C alkylene;m=0-4;andR7,R8=1-20C alkyl, aryl optionally substituted by 1-20C alkyl or aryloxy optionally substituted by 1-20C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polytetrafluoroethylene particles have median diameter (d50) of 5-150 mu m and average primary particle diameter of 3-40 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler in the porous silicon-carbon composite material is selected from graphene, carbon nanotubes, artificial graphite, conductive graphite, a phenol resin, pitch, polyacetylene, polyaniline, polythiophene, glucose, sucrose, citric acid, sodium alginate, gelatin, starch, chitosan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The insulating layer comprises external aluminum or stainless steel comprising 50-65 pts. wt. water-soluble polyether, 8-12 pts. wt. polystyrene, 8-12 pts. wt. vermiculite, 5-8 pts. wt. polyvinyl alcohol, 2-5 pts. wt. mica, 2-4 pts. wt. chloromethyl silane and 2-3 pts. wt. antimony trioxide. The water-soluble polyether comprises 5-7 pts. wt. glycerol polyether resin, 3-5 pts. wt. glycol ether resin, 0.2-0.3 pt. wt. palm oil, 0.2-0.4 pt. wt. N,N-dimethyl cyclohexylamine catalyst, 0.1-0.3 pt. wt. dibutyl tin dilaurate curing agent and 0.2-0.4 pt. wt. deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The bithienyl and trithienyl based polymer is prepared by taking dithiophene derivative of formula (i) and 2-bromothiophene derivative of formula (ii) at molar ratio of 1:1-1:2, adding catalyst in organic solvent, mixing, performing Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, cooling, methanol precipitating, performing Soxhlet extraction using methanol and hexane, extracting with chloroform until colorless, spin-drying and vacuum drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours. Preferred Method: The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) from palladium(II) acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) as organic palladium and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl as organic phosphine ligand at molar ratio of 1:4-8. Molar ratio of catalyst and dithiophene derivative is 1:20-1:100. Preferred Component: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The bithienyl and trithienyl based polymer is prepared by taking tetrahydrothiopyran derivative of formula (i) and 2-bromothiophene derivative of formula (ii) at molar ratio of 1:1-1:2, adding catalyst and alkali solution containing organic solvent, mixing, performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, cooling, methanol precipitating, performing Soxhlet extraction using methanol and hexane, extracting with chloroform until colorless, spin-drying and vacuum drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours. Preferred Method: The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) from palladium(II) acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) as organic palladium and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl as organic phosphine ligand at molar ratio of 1:4-8. Molar ratio of catalyst and tetrahydrothiopyran derivative is 1:20-1:100. Molar ratio of alkali solution and tetrahydrothiopyran derivative is 20:1. Preferred Component: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The bithienyl and trithienyl based polymer is prepared by taking benzodithiophene derivative of formula (i) and 2-bromothiophene derivative of formula (ii) at molar ratio of 1:1-1:2, adding catalyst in organic solvent, mixing, performing Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, cooling, methanol precipitating, performing Soxhlet extraction using methanol and hexane, extracting with chloroform until colorless, spin-drying and vacuum drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours. Preferred Method: The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) from palladium(II) acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) as organic palladium and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl as organic phosphine ligand at molar ratio of 1:4-8. Molar ratio of catalyst and benzodithiophene derivative is 1:20-1:100. Preferred Component: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The support plate has a metal material, particularly aluminum material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The armor plate comprises a fiber-reinforced composite material, particularly carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer or a glass fiber reinforced plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The support is a product made from polyethylene terephthalate, and has thickness of 0.1 mm or more. The thickness of the adhesive layer is 15-100 mu m. The adhesive strength of the adhesive layer with respect to the opposite glass plate and opposite aluminum board is 2 N/25 mm or more at 100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The optical layer is made of poly-dimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulator layer contains silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, parylene, polyolefin, particularly polyethylene, polypropylene or cast polypropylene (CPP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric fill material comprises a material selected from polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyolefins, styrene methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene acetonitrile, methylpentene, and optical plastic materials filled with high-refractive-index nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The content of terminal carboxyl group is 26 eq/ton or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the reinforcement is selected from the group consisting of the polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material which provides hygroscopicity is zeolite, activated carbon, alumina, and/or organometallic structure material. The moisture-absorption material is silica gel, mesoporous silica, activated alumina, anhydrous calcium sulfate, magnesium oxide, anhydrous calcium chloride, calcium oxide, potassium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and/or zinc chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The material which provides proton conductivity is protonic ionic liquid, proton-conductive polymer, and/or oxide material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The methanation process is adjusted such that the temperature of the reaction container filled with the methanation catalyst is controlled to 160-180 degrees C, preferably 140-180 degrees C. The carbon monoxide concentration of the mixed gas reduced by methanation reaction and at the inlet port of the catalyst layer is 0.03 vol.% or less. The methanation catalyst is carbon monoxide removal catalyst formed by supporting ruthenium on alumina support, component carbon monoxide removal catalyst formed by supporting component (I) containing molybdenum and component (II) containing ruthenium on alumina support and/or carbon monoxide removal catalyst formed by supporting nickel to a zirconia support. The pretreatment process is adjusted such that the temperature of the reaction container filled with the catalyst for pre-processing is controlled to 190-230 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The total light transmittance of transparent protective sheet is 75% or more, after carrying out weathering test which involves irradiating illuminance of 60 plus minus 5 mW/cm2 in irradiation wavelength of 295-780 nm at 63 degrees C for 20 hours in the relative humidity of 50%, condensing at 30 degrees C for 4 hours in the relative humidity of 98% by showering water before and after carrying out the process at 25 degrees C for 10 seconds, and terminating irradiation process at 30 degrees C in the relative humidity of 98% for 0.01 hour. Preferred Composition: The ultraviolet absorber is benzotriazole-type ultraviolet absorber and/or triazine-type ultraviolet absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The light-shielding layer is a fluorine-type film containing white pigment, and is laminated on one side of the shell layer by the dry-laminate method through adhesive agent. The coating layer comprises white pigment dispersed in mixture of fluororesin having several crosslinked substituent and (meth)acrylic resin having several crosslinked substituents and is crosslinked with polyisocyanate compound. The content of (meth)acrylic resin is 60-90 %mass with respect to the total content of the fluororesin and (meth)acrylic resin. The content of ethylene unit in the shell layer is 5-10 %mass. The content of white pigment is 50-300 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The dye-sensitized solar battery photoelectrode further has a substrate (11) formed using plastic material. The photoelectric converting layer is produced by pressurizing the oxide nanoparticles-containing paste, and arranged by screen printing on the substrate by roll press process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxide nanoparticles comprise oxide nanoparticles having average particle diameter of 30 nm or less and oxide nanoparticles having average particle diameter of 50 nm or more. The oxide nanoparticles are titania particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Alcohol(s) are 4-10C alcohol. The alcohol solvent is liquid at 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Amount of ethylene copolymer in PCM composition is less than or equal to 30 wt.%. Ethylene copolymer is ethylene vinyl acetate. Yarn, strand or wire is made of polyparaphenylene terephtalamide (para-aramid). Cable contains layer of protective polymer and 2 layers of protective polymer in which 1st layer is made of blend of ionomer and polyamide and 2nd layer is made of polymer chosen from grafted or non-grafted polypropylene homopolymer, grafted or non-grafted polypropylene copolymer, perfluoroethylene-propylene, perfluoroalkoxy alkane, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene acrylate rubber and combinations. Amount of PCM is greater than or equal to 70 wt.%. Preferred Conditions: Layer(s) of protective polymer have thickness of 50-600 mu m. Cable has a diameter of 3-6 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The support base material is glass plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer comprises polyimide resin of formula (I) comprising repeating unit comprising 50 mol% residue of tetracarboxylic acid of formula (II) and 50 mol% residue of diamine of formula (III).X=tetracarboxylic acid residue;andA=diamine residue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is silicon substrate, polymer substrate or metallic substrate in which an insulating layer is deposited. The high refractive index or low refractive index material is inorganic material or organic compound. The inorganic material includes aluminum oxynitride, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, zirconium nitride, boron nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, boron pentoxide, titanium dioxide, tin (II) oxide, zinc oxide, indium (III) oxide, zirconium oxide, germanium oxide, aluminum siloxane, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxy silicon nitride, tin oxide, silicon zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide or indium gallium zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic compound includes epoxy: silicone: acrylic resin: polyurethane: parlylene: -N, -C, and -D or -HT.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The tungstous compound is selected from tungsten trioxide, iron tungstate, manganese tungstate, calcium tungstate, copper tungstate, tungsten carbide, tungsten boride, tungsten sulfide, tungsten silicide and tantalum oxide-supported tungsten trioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer is made of silver, aluminum, nickel or gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer electrolyte layer is made of polyethyleneimine, ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, poly ((9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-ioctylfluorene) or polyacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of pigment (a) or pigment (b) is 10-70 wt.% based on total amount of binder (c) and pigment (a) or pigment (b).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder (c) includes resin (c1) containing hydroxyl group and carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond. The white easily-adhesive coating layer contains polyisocyanate compound (d) including block-forming polyisocyanate compound (d1). The resin (c1) is acrylic resin. The glass transition temperature of resin (c1) is 10-100 degrees C. The white film is low-oligomer polyester film. The white film is formed from composition containing binder (d) and pigment (a) or pigment (b).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The back surface protection sheet consists of two layer(s) of easily adhesive resin layer (A-layer) containing polypropylene resin and polyethylene-type resin, and base material layer (B-layer) containing polypropylene-based resin composition. A plastic film is laminated on B-layer side. The A-layer comprises 50-80 wt.% polypropylene resins, and 50-20 wt.% polyethylene-type resin. Preferred Properties: After thermo-compression bonding, the adhesion strength of sealing layer is 15-50 N/cm at 25-100 degrees C in longitudinal direction and width direction. The adhesion strength of sealing layer is 40 N/cm or more in longitudinal direction and width direction, after 1000 hour storage at 85 degrees C and relative humidity of 85%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionomer in layer (2A) is magnesium ionomer or zinc ionomer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ratio of thickness of layers (2A) and (2B) is 1/2 or less. The neutralization degree of ionomer of layer (2A) is 20-75 mol%. Preferred Composition: The ethylene and ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated carboxylic acid-type copolymer in layer (2A) is ethylene and ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated carboxylic acid-ester copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The high molecular compound preferably has structural unit of formula (II). The high molecular compound further contains structural unit of formula: -Ar- (III).X3,X4=Z1;Y1,Y2=nitrogen or =C(R7)-, preferably =C(H)-;R7=R1;andAr=arylene or bivalent heterocyclyl (both optionally substituted).Preferred Properties: The high molecular compound has light absorption terminal wavelength of 850 nm or more, and weight average molecular weight 3000 to 10 million by polystyrene conversion. Preferred Definitions:    X1,X2=sulfur;and    Z2,Z3=oxygen.    EXAMPLE - 2.90 mg 7,18-dibromo-4,4,15,15-tetradodecyl-3,14-dioxa-8,11,19,22-tetrathiahexacyclo(10.10.0.02,10.05,9.013,21.016,20)docosa-1(12),2(10),5(9),6,13(21),16(20),17-heptaene and 8 ml tetrahydrofuran were added to a flask, and 56 mg tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate was added. Argon was supplied, and 2.3 mg potassium phosphate aqueous solution and 21.2 mg tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) were added. The mixture was heated to 70 degrees C, and the reaction liquid was heat-stirred for 60 minutes. 20 mL O-dichlorobenzene was added, and 0.45 g sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and 5 mL water were added and stirred at 90 degrees C for 30 minutes. The organic layer was washed with water and acetic acid aqueous solution. The solution was poured into methanol, and the polymer was deposited. The polymer was purified and dried. The polymer had weight average molecular weight of 20000 and number average molecular weight of 5600.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid content of zirconia sol is 19%. The solid content of the aqueous polyurethane emulsion is 9%. Preferred Method: The method for preparing expanded vermiculite includes crushing vermiculite, baking at 1100 degrees C, enlarging volume by 25 times, forming multiple fine particle pore internally with hole thin layer of particulate matter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing surface is coated with thermal insulation fine-mesh foam polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphene polymer electrolyte is of formula (I). The aqueous polyurethane is modified by carrying out high lithium salinization before the reaction between graphene and aqueous polyurethane. The aqueous polyurethane is of formula (II). (II) is composed of polyurethane hard segment and polyurethane soft segment in a ratio of 1-1.8 (ratio between isocyanate and hydroxy). The polyurethane hard segment is of formula (III) and the polyurethane soft segment is of formula (IV). The lithium salt is Lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate or lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate-propylene carbonate. In the step (b): the oxidizing agent is sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide; functionalization agent for covalent bond functionalization reaction, is diamine or diol; and the reducing agent for the reduction reaction, is hydrogen gas, hydrazine monohydrate or sodium borohydride. The diamine is ethylene diamine, butylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine and/or dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, and the diol is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and/or diethylene glycol. In the step (d) amount of the lithium salt solution of the composite is 5-10 wt% of the graphene polymer electrolyte. In the step (a), amount of lithium diamino-sulfonate is 3-5 wt.% of the aqueous polyurethane.G = graphene; andR = not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is acetate or aromatic. The back sheet is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl fluoride or polyvinylidene fluoride. The outside and inside of the back sheet is coated. The back sheet is a wet film having coating thickness of 10-40 mu m or a dry film having coating thickness of 20-35 mu m. Preferred Method: The coating agent is applied on the back sheet by spraying, rolling or knife coating by curing at 110-150 degrees C for 20 to 40 seconds. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The process uses 25 vol.% or more, preferably 30 vol.%, more preferably 60 vol.% or less argon with respect to total 100 vol.% of the composition of fluorine and argon and inert gases. The process uses 8-20 vol.%, preferably 9-12 vol.%, more preferably 10.5-12 vol.% fluorine and remaining inert gases chosen from nitrogen and noble gases other than argon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The lubricating agent is an esterified substance of montanic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyester film comprises recovered polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The transparent rigid front and back layers are made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The panels units of photo voltaic cells comprise a thin film that is made of cadmium telluride and titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The panels units of photo voltaic cells are made of monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, multicrystalline silicon, amorphorus silicon, nonocrystallne thin film silicon and polycrystalline thin film silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photo voltaic cells are encapsulated with copolymer that is made of ethylene-vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reflective metal oxide is formed of aluminum oxide, silver oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide and mixed metal oxide. The top coat layer is formed of titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible substrate is selected from one of high-molecular polymer, polyimide, polyethylene naphthalate or polyethylene terephthalate material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The membrane reinforcement is made of glass or glass composite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The membrane reinforcement is made of from a group consisting of polymer, fiber and polymer composite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The photovoltaic module further comprises at least one glass layer, at least one flexible back sheet layer, or a second encapsulant layer that may be the same as or different from the encapsulant layer. The photovoltaic module has a structure comprising: glass/encapsulant/solar cell assembly/encapsulant layer/glass; glass/encapsulant/solar cell assembly/encapsulant/flexible backsheet; glass/encapsulant/solar cell assembly/glass; or glass/encapsulant/solar cell assembly/flexible backsheet. The solar cell assembly comprises a thin film solar cell. The encapsulant layer is in multilayer form.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The copolymer comprises 15-35 wt.% of copolymerized residues of vinyl acetate, 0.1-10 wt.%, preferably 0.1-2 wt.% of copolymerized residues of the third comonomer, and the sum of the weight percentages of the copolymerized residues in the copolymer is 100 wt.%. The encapsulant composition comprises at least one other polymer. The encapsulant composition comprises: 0-98 wt.%, preferably 0-90 wt.% of the other polymer; and 2-100 wt.%, preferably 10-100 wt.% of the copolymer, based on the total weight of the copolymer and of the other polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Tank: The tank (6) functions also as working electrode. Preferred Process: Electric potential is applied to the core metal material in the acidic solution in tank (6) before supply of the base metal ion containing solution, and after supply of core metal material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acidic solution is sulfuric acid solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molecular weight of the high molecular compound is 10000 or more. The concentration of high molecular compound is 10-100 g/L. The high molecular compound is obtained from polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The catalytic material of the catalytic electrodes comprise platinum, palladium, ruthenium, iron, cobalt, nickel, cerium and/or mixtures or alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The chelating functional unit is seclected from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, thiol or thiourea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulator portions include polypropylene, high density polyethylene, polyamide, nylon, polyphenylene oxide or polybutylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic layer is selected from any one of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride and silicon oxycarbide. The gas barrier film is selected from any one of oxidation carbonization silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxynitride and oxidation aluminum carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The second organic layer is contained with hardened material of (meth)acrylate having fluorine structure and contained with hardened material of trifunctional or more than trifunctional (meth)acrylate. The base material is formed of polyethylene terephthalate. The third organic layer is selected from any one of polyester-based resin, acrylic resin and urethane resin. The first organic layer and third organic layer are contained with isocyanate type compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first and/or second laminate material comprises siloxane or polyurethane. The fluid channels are formed by extrusion of a metal alloy such as aluminium, or a polymer such as polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The device having a substrate with protective layers such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium phosphide (InP), aluminum arsenide (AlAs), indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), aluminum indium phosphide (AllnP), gallium indium phosphide (GalnP), indium arsenide (InAs), Indium antimonide (InSb), gallium phosphide (GaP), aluminum phosphide (AlP), gallium antimonide (GaSb), aluminum antimonide (AlSb) is formed using gas source and contacts wet etchant such as hydrophoric acid (H3PO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), dihydrogen oxide (H202), nitric acid (HN03), citric acid (C6H8O7).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The quantum dot layer is formed of lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide and cadmium telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fullerene derivative is formed of PC71BM ((6,6)-phenyl-61C-methyl butyrate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bulk heterojunction layer is formed of conjugated polymer and fullerene derivative. The conjugated polymer is chosen from PTB7, P3Ht and poly(2,7-carbazole-alt-4,7-dithienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer adhesive is epoxy, acrylic, silicone, urethane and/or polyamideimide based adhesive. The dispersing agent is poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) pluronic or tetronic based ternary copolymer. The inorganic nanoparticles include manganese, nickel or copper-doped iron oxide, alumina, titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicate and/or silica. The inorganic composite adhesive comprises 0.1-30 pts. wt. dispersing agent and 0.1-10 pts. wt. inorganic nano-particles. EXAMPLE - 5.25 g Ethyl acetate, 0.53 g Aerosil 812 (RTM: Hydrophobic silica aerosil) and 1.58 g Polaxomer 2900 (RTM: Dispersant) were stirred for 2 hours. The resultant was stirred with 100 g polyether polyol, 3.42 g methylene diphenyl diisocyanate diisocyanate and 1.66 g organosilane for 30 minutes to obtain inorganic composite adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus content of phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles is 6-8 %mass. The tin-containing particles are tin particles or tin alloy particles. The content of tin-containing particles is 5-70 %mass. The paste composition further contains 0.1-10 %mass silver particles. The total content of phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles, tin-containing particles and silver particles is 70-94 %mass. The content of glass particles is 0.1-10 %mass. The total content of solvent and resin is 3-29.9 %mass. The electrode contains copper-tin alloy phase and tin-phosphorus-oxygen glass phase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gel fraction of the sealing material before crosslinking is 0-1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrically conductive bonding material contains silver, copper, tin, and lead.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesion enhancing layer comprises high-density polyethylene type-resin having density of 0.91-0.96 g/cm3. Preferred Process: The resin is crosslinked by irradiating ionizing radiation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organification of phyllosilicate is carried out using quaternary imidazolium salt and/or quaternary phosphonium salt as organification agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The resin layer is formed using the coating liquid containing phyllosilicate in which organification process is carried out, resin compound and high-polar solvent having dielectric constant of 10 or more. The transparent substrate does not generate crack when contact with 5 wt.% or more mixed solvent comprising water and N-methylpyrrolidone and/or dimethyl sulfoxide. Preferred Properties: The resin layer has elastic modulus of 1-10 GPa, at 25 degrees C, haze value of 10% or less, light transmittance of 70% or more, at 550 nm, fracture toughness value of 1 MPa.m1/2 to 10 MPa.m1/2. The glass transition temperature of the resin compound is 150-450 degrees C. The average molecular weight of the resin compound is 2x 104-100x 104, based on polystyrene conversion. The total thickness of the transparent substrate is 150 mu m or less. Preferred Composition: The resin compound comprises (1-phenylethyl)benzene-type repeating unit of formula (A), (diphenylmethyl)benzene-type repeating unit of formula (B) and cycloalkane or fluorene-type repeating unit of formula (C).R1=methyl;R2=isobutyl;R3=methyl or aryl;A1-A4=-C(=O)-O- or -O-C(=O)-O-;X2,X1=aryl;R4,R5=H or methyl;andB'=cycloalkyl or fluorenyl (both optionally substituted).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: During crosslinking adhesive composition, gel fraction which forms the adhesion layer is 60-99.9%. Preferred Process: Manufacture of surface protection film involves laminating peeling film (4) on the adhesive composition, and forming laminate (5) after heating process, and winding process of winding up the laminate. The lamination process laminates the base material on the adhesive composition, and forms laminate after heating process. Preferred Property: The thickness of peeling film is 20-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The coating material has an emissivity of 0.9 or more at a wavelength of 2-22 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas-generating agent is alkali-metal hydrogencarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fiber layer further comprises resin. Preferred Properties: The fine fiber has average pore diameter of 0.01-15 mu m. The fine fiber layer has thickness of 0.0025-0.3 mm, porosity of 20-90%, basic weight of 1-90 g/m2, fragile permeability of less than 46 m3/minute/m2 and MacMullin number of 2-15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lightweight floating unit made of plastic i.e. unplasticized PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The calcining step is carried out at a temperature of 400-1200 degrees C. Preferred Components: The cobalt salt is cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate, cobalt chloride, and/or cobalt sulfate. The acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or acetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophilic solvent is methanol, ethanol, deionized water and/or ethylene glycol. The amine polymer is melamine, dicyandiamide, urea, and/or cyanamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polar group is a sulfo group. The aromatic vinyl compound is styrene and/or ( alpha )-methylstyrene. The unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is isobutene, butadiene or isoprene. N-methylol compound is preferably of formula (II).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: The polymerization temperature is 20-100 degrees C. The heating temperature is 400-1200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The polar group is sulfo group. The aromatic vinyl compound is styrene and/or alpha -methylstyrene. The unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is isobutene, butadiene and/or isoprene. Compound (A) is urea, thiourea, alkylene diurea, alkylene dithiourea, arylene diurea, and/or arylene dithiourea. The usage amount of formaldehyde is 0.1-10 mol with respect to 1 mol compound (A).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: The polymerization temperature is 20-100 degrees C. The heating temperature is 400-1200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of ethylene unit in skin layer is more than 5 %mass and 10 %mass or less. The adhesion enhancing layer is a triple-layered structure having skin layer/core layer/skin layer, and contains a colored inorganic filler in the core layer. Preferred Properties: The adhesion enhancing layer of the back surface protection sheet sample piece is cut into 15 mm width and stuck on the sealing material layer sample piece having dimension of 75 mmx 50 mmx 0.05 mm and containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The resulting material is processed by a vacuum heating laminator at 150 degrees C for 18 minutes. Then, a peeling test is carried out with respect to back surface protection sheet sample piece adhered on sealing material layer sample at 140 degrees C, and adhesion strength is measured as 15 N/15 mm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol-type compound with respect to the electroconductive compound is 0.05-1. The polyvinyl alcohol-type compound is of formula: -(C(-R1)(-R2)-C(-R3)(-OH)).R1,R2,R3=H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The melt mass-flow rate of polyethylene is 20-100 g/10minutes. The melting point of polyethylene is 90-120 degrees C. The melt mass-flow rate of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 1-35 g/10minutes. The value of a degrees C is 35-80 degrees C, the value of b degrees C is 80-120 degrees C, and the value of X degrees C is 90-130 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyethylene is 8:2-3:7. The content of pyrolysis-type organic peroxide (B) is 0.5-2 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass total of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyethylene. Preferred Process: During manufacture of sealing film, the mixture is molded by calender molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyvinyl acetal-type compound has structural unit of formula (I).R1-R5=H, or alkyl or aryl (both optionally substituted);andR6=R1 excluding H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer containing the outermost surface further contains inorganic oxide particle containing silicon, aluminum and/or zirconium. The content of inorganic oxide particles in the layer containing binder and inorganic oxide particles is 15-40 vol.%. The aspect-ratio of inorganic oxide particles is 300-800.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylate resin in layer (b) has a crosslinking point, and is crosslinked using crosslinking agent. The back surface protection sheet further has layer (c) containing binder. The binder in the layer (c) contains polymer of alkoxysilane. The thickness of layer (c) is 0.5-3 mu m. The (meth)acrylate resin in the layer (b) is urethane (meth)acrylate resin. The layer (b) further contains polyrotaxane as binder. The base material includes ultraviolet-absorption pigment. The surface roughness of the outermost surface is 0.01-0.2 mu m. The surface specific-resistance value of outermost surface is 1x 1011-1x 1014 Omega /square. The atomic ratio of fluorine atom with respect to carbon atom of the outermost surface is 0.1-0.7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The colored resin layer and polyolefin film contain inorganic oxide particles having silicon and/or aluminum. The inorganic oxide particles preferably contain silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and/or aluminum silicate. The color pigment is titanium oxide, zinc oxide and/or carbon black. The polyolefin film further contains pigment (P).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film base material contains polyethylene terephthalate. The polyolefin film is a multilayer polyolefin film having lamination of two or more layers containing polyolefin, and has crosslinked structure. The difference of the pencil hardness of colored resin layer and polyolefin film is less than 1. The pencil hardness of colored resin layer is more than that of polyolefin film. Alternately, the pencil hardness of polyolefin film is same as pencil hardness of colored resin layer. The pencil hardness of colored resin layer is more than F and less than 3H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylate resin is urethane (meth)acrylate resin. The ultraviolet-absorption layer further contains polyrotaxane. The base material includes ultraviolet-absorption pigment. The atomic ratio of fluorine atom with respect to carbon atom of the outermost surface is 0.1-0.7. Preferred Properties: The surface roughness of outermost surface of the sheet is 0.01-0.2 mu m. The ratio of the particle diameter of the ultraviolet-absorption pigment with respect to thickness of the layer in the outermost surface is 0.01-0.15
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The melt flow rate of compatibility composition material having lower melt flow rate among the compatibility composition materials is preferably 2.5 times or less, which is higher than the melt flow rate of heat-resistant composition material. The melt flow rate of adhesive composition material is preferably 2.5 times or less, which is higher than the melt flow rate of compatibility composition material having high melt flow rate among the compatibility composition materials. The ratio of melt flow rate in between the other polyethylene-type resins in the nearest compatibility composition material with respect to melt flow rate of all polyethylene-type resins contained in the compatibility composition material is 2 or less. Preferred Component: The compatibility composition material further contains a metallocene-type linear low-density polyethylene as a base resin, and a silane copolymer obtained by copolymerizing alpha -olefin and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound as comonomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The stabilizer is sodium oxide and the cleaning agent is 0.1-0.2 mol/l alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The explosion-proof valve bottom support and the permanent valve cover are made of stainless steel or iron plated nickel material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The constant-pressure valve unit is an ethylene propylene terpolymer cylindrical valve unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery includes a porous filling piece (D) that is made of polyvinylidene fluoride or polyethylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon-based material is graphite, carbon black, fullerene, carbon nanotubes, graphene and/or carbon fiber and its derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The flexible polymer is silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, polyurethane, epoxy resin, poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(butyl acrylate), polystyrene, polybutadiene or polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the ultrasonication treatment step, the carbon felt surface is oxidized to induce changes in the functional groups; carbon-carbon double bond functional group is formed on the surface of the carbon felt; the liquid oxidizer includes hydrogen peroxide; ultrasonication treatment of the carbon felt is carried out at 100-500 W for 0.5-3 hours. The liquid oxidizer is an aqueous solution containing 10-50 wt.% hydrogen peroxide. Preferred Components: The carbon felt is a surface-treated carbon felt according to the ultrasonic treatment method. The carbon felt includes polyacrylic nitrile and/or rayon series. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of fluorine atom in ink-repellent is 1-40 %mass. The ink-repellent further comprises hydrolyzable silane compound (B) comprising 4 hydrolyzable groups bonded with silicon atom as monomer and/or its partial hydrolysis (co)-condensate, hydrolyzable silane compound (C) comprising hydrocarbon group and hydrolyzable group as monomer and/or its partial hydrolysis (co)-condensate, or hydrolyzable silane compound (D) which does not contain fluorine atom as monomer and/or its partial hydrolysis (co)-condensate. The content of ink-repellent is 0.01-20 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass alkali-soluble resin. The negative photosensitive resin composition further comprises 50-99 %mass solvent chosen from propylene-glycol-monomethyl-ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethylmethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate and 2-propanol. The content of crosslinking agent and photo-acid generator is 2-50 parts mass and 0.1-20 parts mass, with respect to 100 parts mass alkali-soluble resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The total content of alkali-soluble resin in the negative photosensitive resin composition is 10-90 %mass. Preferred Properties: The partition has width of 100 mu m or less. The distance between the partitions is 300 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): The copolymer is obtained by reacting thiophene compound of formula (A) and quinoxaline compound of formula (B) in presence of catalyst.Z,W'=halo, alkyl stannyl, alkylsulfo, arylsulfo, arylalkyl sulfo, boric-acid-ester residue, sulfonium methyl, phosphonium methyl, phosphonate methyl, monohalomethyl, -B(OH)2, formyl, silyl, alkenyl or alkynyl.Preferred Composition: The copolymer is of formula (III).n=1 or more. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidizing agent is chosen from hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, methanol, metal salt and organic peroxide. The metal wire comprises copper as main component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The supporting electrolyte is chosen from lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, perchloric acid tetrabutylammonium, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium, p-toluenesulfonic acid salt, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid salt and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrode layer (5) further comprises non-electroconductive polymer. The conductive polymer is dioxane-based polymer of formula (I). The conductive polymer comprises repeating unit of formula (II).X=S, O or NR;R=H or alkyl;andR1-R4=H, halo, linear or branched 1-30C alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, 1-30C alkoxy, 2-30C polyethylene oxide or optionally substituted group derived from 4-30C cyclic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler comprises titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, talc, quartz powder, carbon black, extinction powder, mica and/or montmorillonite. The catalyst is an organic tin catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate or propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and/or polybutylene naphthalate. The adhesive layer is made of 100 pts. wt. matrix resin, 3-25 pts. wt. curing agent and 5-30 pts. wt. solvent. The matrix resin is urethane resin, alkyd resin or acrylic resin. The first weather resistance layer is made of 100 pts. wt. fluorine-containing resin, 5-30 pts. wt. curing agent, 10-60 pts. wt. filler, 1-10 pts. wt. auxiliary agent, 0.1-2 pts. wt. catalyst and 10-250 pts. wt. solvent, and the thickness is 5-100 mu m. The second weather resistance layer is made of 100 pts. wt. fluorine-containing resin, 5-25 pts. wt. curing agent, 10-60 pts. wt. filler, 1-10 pts. wt. auxiliary agent, 0.1-2 pts. wt. catalyst and 10-250 pts. wt. solvent, and the thickness is 5-100 mu m. The curing agent is isocyanate, amino resin, blocked isocyanate, and/or melamine. The auxiliary agent is dispersant, leveling agent, defoaming agent, UV absorber, light stabilizer and/or antioxidant. The fluorine-containing resin is polyvinylidene fluoride, trifluoro-type resin or tetrafluoro-type resin. The trifluoro-type resin is vinyl fluoride-vinyl ether (ester) copolymer. The tetrafluoro-type resin is tetrafluoroethylene and alkyl vinyl ether copolymer or tetrafluoroethylene and alkyl vinyl ester copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises as mentioned in Chinese patent ZL 201210362669.6 (i) carrying out polymerization reaction under anhydrous oxygen-free condition and nitrogen atmosphere, dissolving 2-bromo-5-iodo-3-alkylthiophene in tetrahydrofuran, adding an equimolar amount of a Grignard reagent isopropyl magnesium chloride, stirring under ice-cooling for 10 minutes to 1 hour, transferring a catalyst containing 1,3-bis (diphenylphosphino)propane dichloronickel(II) into the flask, reacting for 10-30 minutes, again dissolving 2-bromo-5-iodo -3-(n-bromo-alkyl)thiophene in tetrahydrofuran under a nitrogen atmosphere, adding an equimolar amount of a Grignard reagent isopropyl magnesium chloride, stirring under ice-cooling for 10 minutes to 1 hour, transferring 2-bromo-5-iodo-3-alkylthiophene into flask, reacting for 1-4 hours, settling, pouring the mixture into methanol, washing the precipitate with methanol and n-hexane to obtain poly-alkylthiophene bromide compound of formula (II), where molecular weight of (II) 6000-40000, and (ii) dissolving above obtained product in phosphite, heating, stirring for 12-48 hours, distillating under reduced pressure to remove excess of the phosphite, packing the residue together, placing in a Soxhlet extractor, washed with n-hexane and chloroform as an Soxhlet extraction liquid, and concentrating polymer solution or evaporating solvent directly to obtain final product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium source is lithium compound. The iron source is iron compound. The phosphorus source is phosphate compound. The cationic additive is acetylene black. The lithium compound is lithium carbonate and lithium dihydrogen phosphate. The iron compound is ferrous oxalate, ferric orthophosphate and ferric oxide. The phosphate compound is ferric orthophosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, and phosphoric acid. The protective atmosphere comprises nitrogen, argon gas and hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The anionic additive comprises zinc, magnesium, aluminum, chromium, neodymium, niobium, sulfur, and iron element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon source is glucose, vitamin-C and cyclodextrin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high polymer lattice reagent is polyethylene alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol and polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The combustion accelerant comprises 35-40 wt.% soapstone and 40-45 wt.% phosphatic fertilizer waste slag.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass fuel comprises 55 pts. wt. biomass coal powder, 20 pts. wt. pulverized coal and 8 pts. wt. combustion accelerant. The biomass coal powder has water content of 12-15 wt.% and particle diameter of less than 1 mm. The wood material is wood waste and/or wood powder. The crop straw is wheat straw, corn straw, sorghum straw and/or cotton straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): The preparation of the polymer comprises reacting substituted 2,6-dibromo-4,8-di-thiophen-2-yl-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene compounds of formula (IV) and substituted 4,8-di-thiophen-2-yl-2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene compounds of formula (V) with 4,6-dibromo-3-fluoro-thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate compounds of formula (VI) under tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) in toluene and dimethylformamide to obtain substituted 4,8-di-thiophen-2-yl-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene-3-fluoro-thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate polymer of formula (VII), i.e. representative of (I).R15, R17 = 1-20C alkyl.Preferred Components: The weight average molecular weight of (I) is 10000-500000 g/mol. EXAMPLE - 0.3 mmol 2,6-Bis(trimethyltin)-4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiphene-2-yl)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene, 0.1 mmol 2,6-dibromo-4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiphene-2-yl)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene and 0.2 mmol 2-(ethylhexyl)-4,6-dibromo-3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate were dissolved in 10 ml toluene and 2 ml dimethylformamide and purged with argon for 30 minutes. Then 0.012 mmol tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) was added into the resultant, purged with argon for 30 minutes and reacted for 36 hours at 115 degrees C to obtain reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was cooled, extracted with methanol, acetone, hexane and chloroform, precipitated in methanol and dried to obtain 196.6 mg 4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiphene-2-yl)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2-(ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate polymer having weight average molecular weight of 106900 g/mol with 66.3% yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The wind power generation platform contains 87.2-87.8 wt.% cerium oxide, 4.4-4.6 wt.% magnesium oxide, 4.5-4.7 wt.% barium carbonate, 3.3-3.5 wt.% clay, 83-84 wt.% nylon 66 resin, 6.3-6.5 wt.% glass fibers, 0.5-0.7 wt.% anti-aging agent, 1-1.2 wt.% anti-wear agent, 3.6-3.8 wt.% curing agent, 2.5-2.7 wt.% toughening agent, and flame retardant or antistatic agent as remainder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The manganese alloy steel material contains 12.3-12.5 wt.% chromium, 6.3-6.5 wt.% manganese, 2.6-2.8 wt.% molybdenum, 1.2-1.4 wt.% nickel, 2.2-2.4 wt.% niobium, 1.1-1.3 wt.% carbon, 1-1.2 wt.% tungsten, less than 0.06 wt.% tin, less than 0.22 wt.% silicon, less than 0.012 wt.% sulfur, less than 0.014 wt.% phosphorus, and iron and inevitable impurities as remainder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silane coupling agent is gamma -aminopropyltriethoxy silane, gamma -(2,3-glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane, gamma - (methacryloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane and/or octyl triethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer is polyaniline, polythiophene and polypyrrole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte layer comprises an oxide selected from glass, a crystalline oxide, sulfide glass, and crystalline sulfide-containing polyoxyethylene polymer. The non-aqueous electrolyte ionic liquid comprises cation selected from ammonium ion, imidazole onium ion and phosphonium ion, and an anion selected from hexafluoro phosphate ion (PF6-), tetrafluoroboron ion (BF4-), triflate (CF3SO3-), C4F9SO3-, (B(OOC-COO)2)-, ((CN)2N)-, ((CF3SO2)2N)-, ((C2F5SO2)2N)- and BF3(CF3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises ester, ester, ether and nitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of (nickel sulfate hexahydrate+cobalt sulfate heptahydrate+manganese chloride tetrahydrate), polyacrylamide and double distilled water is 100:(2-8):(200-900). The mass ratio of ternary precursor mixture, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, ammonium chloride, W1 and W2 is 100:1:(1-5):(0.1-1):(200-600):(200-600).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon composite cathode material comprises 5-40 wt.% carbon nanotubes, 30-90 wt.% graphite and 4-50 wt.% conductive carbon material. The graphite comprises natural crystalline graphite, artificial graphite and/or natural crystalline electroconductive graphite. The conductive agent used during preparation of silicon composite cathode material comprises graphite powder and/or liquid or nano conductive material. The liquid or nano conductive material comprises 0.5-20 wt.% nano-carbon material and binder. The nano-carbon material comprises graphite, carbon nanotubes, nano-carbon fibers and/or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent used during preparation of silicon composite cathode material is N-methylated pyrrole, dimethyl ester amine, and/or methylhexyl compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder comprises polyimide resin, propionic acid resin, polyvinylidene, polycaprolactone, methylcellulose and/or benzene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diameter of single silicon nanowire in the silicon nanowire array is 200-600 nm, length is 5-10 mu m and line spacing of each nanowire 0.8-1.2 mu m. The diameter of molybdenum disulfide nanoparticle cluster is 200-500 nm and its total surface area is equivalent to 40-50% of the surface area of the silicon nanowire array. The conductive substrate is copper substrate. The nanowire array is adhered by conductive silver adhesive and copper substrate. The copper substrate is further coated with an epoxy resin insulating layer. Preferred Method: The silicon nanowire array is prepared by two-step metallic auxiliary catalytic electroless etching. The molybdenum disulfide nanoparticle clusters are compounded in silicon nanowire array surface via thermal decomposition technology.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The layer (130) contains oxidatively-cured product of a silicon-based resin containing 2 or more silicon-bonded hydrogen groups in a molecule. The silicon-based resin is silsesquioxane resin of formula: (R3SiO1/2)a(R2SiO2/2)b(RSiO3/2)c(SiO4/2)d (I), polysilsesquioxane resin, silazane resin or polysilazane resin, and contains porogen. The outermost layer comprises silicon-containing material containing a perfluoropolyether silane of formula: Y'-Za-((OC3F6)b-(OCF(CF3)CF2)c-(OCF2CF(CF3))d-(OC2F4)e-(CF(CF3))f-(OCF2)g)-(CH2)h-X'-(CnH2n)-((Si(R1)2-O)m-Si((R1)2)i-(CjH2j)-Si-(X")3-z(R2)z) (II). The outermost layer is covalently bonded to the layer (130).R=H, alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl (all optionally substituted by halo, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or silicon);a,b,c,d=mole fractions;a+b+c+d=1;c+d=0 or more;Z=-(CF2)-, -(CF(CF3)CF2O)-, -(CF2CF(CF3)O)-, -(CF(CF3)O)-, -(CF(CF3)CF2)-, -(CF2CF(CF3))-, or -(CF(CF3))-;a=1-200;b,c,d,e,f,g=0-200;h,n,j=0-20;i,m=0-5;X'=bivalent organic group or O;R1=1-22C hydrocarbyl;z=0-2;X"=hydrolyzable group;R2=1-22C hydrocarbyl which does not contain aliphatic unsaturation;andY'=H, F, or (R2)z(X")3-zSi-(CjH2j)-((SiR2-O)m-SiR2)j-(CnH2n)-X'-(CH2)h-.(i) When i is 0, then j is 0; (ii) when i is 1-5, then j is 1-20 and m is 1-5. Preferred Properties: The layer (130) has refractive index of 1-1.41 and thickness of 50-1000 nm. The light transmittance in visible spectrum through the antireflective layer is 85-100%. The antireflective layer has haze value of 0-15%. The silicon-based resin has a number average molecular weight of 600-150000 g/mol. The outermost surface of antireflective layer has water contact angle of 70-120 degrees , after 100 cycles of cloth abrasion, when measured based on ASTM 5946-04, and surface energy of less than 25 mN/m, when measured at 20 degrees C. Preferred Process: Formation of optical element further involves removing the porogen from the silicon-based resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Making of (I), comprises adding a solution of 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride in xylene dropwise to a refluxing xylene suspension of indigo. Preferred Method: The solution of 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride in xylene is added dropwise to the refluxing xylene suspension of indigo, over 30 minutes, where xylene in the suspension is present at 50 ml and indigo in suspension is present at 1 g (3.81 mmol, 1 equivalent). Preferred Components: The solution of 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride is present at a concentration of 1.88 ml (15.2 mmol, 4 equivalent) in 5 ml of xylene. EXAMPLE - To a refluxing (50 ml) xylene suspension of (1 g) indigo, 1.88 ml of solution of 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride in 5 ml xylene was added dropwise over 30 minutes. The half and double annulated indigo derivatives were observed as purple and red spots. The reaction was stopped when the purple spot completely disappeared. After cooling to room temperature, the precipitate was filtered and rinsed with tetrahydrofuran to obtain 7,14-di(thiophen-2-yl)diindolo(3,2,1-de:3',2',1'-ij)(1,5)naphthyridine-6,13-dione.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of azole compound is 1-20 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of thermoplastic resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin is ethylene-based copolymer, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer or ethylene-type ionomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): The polymer is prepared by mixing cyclopentadithiophene monomer and halo group-containing monomer of formula: Hal-(L1)x-Ar1-(L2)y-Hal (II), and polymerizing the mixture.Hal=halo;L1,L2,Ar1=6-30C ring-forming arylene or 5-30C ring-forming heteroarylene (both optionally substituted);andx,y=0 or 1.Preferred Components: The structure (a) is preferably of formula (III) or (IV). The polymer further contains cyclopentadithiophene-type structural unit (a1) of formula (V). The structural unit (a1) is preferably of formula (VI) or (VI).R3,R4=H, linear or branched 1-30C alkyl, or 6-30C ring-forming aryl or 5-30C ring-forming heteroaryl (both optionally substituted). Preferred Definitions:    ring A,ring B'=thiophenyl.    EXAMPLE - 1 g (14,14-Bis(4-hexylphenyl)-11-(tributylstannyl)-3,7,10-trithiatetracyclo(6.6.0.02,6.09,13)tetradeca-1(8),2(6),4,9(13),11-pentaen-4-yl)tributylstannane, 0.37 g 1,3-dibromo-4H,5H,6H-thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione, 16 mg tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), and 55 mg tri(o-tolyl)phosphine were mixed in nitrogen atmosphere, to obtain a mixture. The mixture was dissolved in 35 mL anhydrous toluene and refluxed for 8 hours. 0.08 mL Trimethylphenyltin and 0.07 mL bromobenzene were added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was refluxed for 4 hours. The resultant mixture was extracted with hexane and methanol for 5 hours. The chlorobenzene extract was reprecipitated from methanol, to obtain polymer of formula (VII) as plum solid, with a yield of 79%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is activated carbon nano titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complexing agent is ammonium fluoride, sodium citrate, and disodium EDTA. The organic solvent is soluble starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The spinel comprises spinel manganese-cobalt, and copper-manganese series. The reducing atmosphere comprises reduction gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide or methanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant comprises ethanediol, polyethylene glycol, polyurethane and/or acrylic ester. The organic solvent comprises ethanediol, isopropanol, isobutyl alcohol, terpineol, ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, cyclohexane, acetone, xylene, polyvinyl alcohol, poylvinyl butyral, PVC, polycarbonate, ethyl cellulose, and formaldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photovoltaic cell is multi-level silicon solar cell or single-stage multi-bandgap aluminum gallium arsenide/gallium arsenide concentrator photovoltaic cell. The multi-level silicon solar cells are three basic silicon photovoltaic cell units connected in series. The radiation intensity of the light beam pattern photocell is 5-50 Watt/centimeter square, current is 2-7 Ampere and maximum power point voltage is 2.6-2.7 Volt. The electrochemical cell is stainless steel electrode. The electrode is soaked in 10% sulfuric acid solution for 1-2 hours and then removed and washed with distilled water. The focusing lens is reflective type or butterfly. The electrolyte of the electrolytic solution is 10 g/liter sodium sulfate. The pH of the electrolytic solution is 4-10, preferably 4-8, more preferably 4,5,6,7,8 or any intermediate value. The temperature of the electrolytic solution is 20-90 degrees C. The organic material is polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The insulating layer contains doped ceramic materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The system stores electrical energy as an electrochemical potential by utilizing elements that are selected from a group consisting of lithium, sulfur, cobalt, manganese, zinc, silver and cadmium. The electrically-active layers are made of materials that are selected from a group consisting of copper alloys and aluminum alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The panel is made of polymethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - A waste product is ammonia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The disilazane is a hexa-substituted disilazane selected from a group consisting of hexamethyldisilazane, 1,3-diethyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazane, 1,3-diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazane, and 1,3-diphenyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The pigment is white pigment and titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cell-side layer comprises linear low density polyethylene in amount greater than 5 wt. % of weight of the cell-side layer. The air-side layer comprises polypropylene in amount greater than 85 wt. % of weight of the air-side layer. The mid-layer comprises polypropylene in amount greater than 60 wt. % of weight of the mid-layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The composite-shaped material surface which contacts the mirror film is formed of the hardened material layer (8) which consists of thermosetting resin hardened material. The basic weight of the resin mirror is 0.1-25 kg/m2. The thermosetting resin hardened material is unsaturated polyester based resin, epoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene type resin, polyurethane-type resin and/or polyimide type resin. The base-material resin of the resin foaming small units is polyethylene-type resin, polypropylene resin, polystyrene-type resin, polyester-based resin, polycarbonate-type resin and/or polyvinyl chloride resin. The composite-shaped material is a molded material with space between the resin foaming small units, and the resin foaming small unit is melted and made to impregnate and harden a thermosetting resin raw material. The reflective-mirror surface is in concave shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The low-wavelength wave ultraviolet absorber is a benzoate type ultraviolet absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The glass adhesion strength maintenance factor of sealing material sheet after carrying out dump heat endurance test at 85 degrees C for 1000 hours is 80% or more according to JIS C8917. The sealing material sheet has light transmittance of 50% or more at 300 nm when measured at thickness of 460 mu m. Preferred Composition: The polyethylene-type resin is a metallocene-type linear low-density polyethylene. The sheet further contains a silane copolymer obtained by copolymerizing alpha -olefin and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound as comonomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heat-transfer fluid comprises 10-80 wt.% dibenzyltoluene, 10-80 wt.% cyanide-containing silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecyl propylamine, 1-12 wt.% terminal group-containing polyisobutylene and 2-28 wt.% nickel-cobalt alloy nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heat-transfer fluid comprises 10-80 wt.% xylene, 10-80 wt.% chlorinated silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecyl propylamine, 1-12 wt.% terminal group-containing polyisobutylene and 2-28 wt.% aluminum-beryllium alloy nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The adhesion promoter comprises glass comprising magnesium oxide-silica-boron trioxide and optionally 0-10 wt.% moderator comprising calcium oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, bismuth(III) oxide and/or lithium oxide. The ceramic substrate comprises alumina, zirconium dioxide and/or aluminum nitride. The content of adhesion promoter is 1-15 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The finely-divided aluminum are spherical-shaped aluminum particles having particle size of 1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The temporary organic vehicle comprises methyl cellulose or acrylic resin dissolved in high-boiling solvent preferably pine oil, terpineol, butyl carbitol and Texanol (RTM: 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The surface protective layer and back surface protective layer is an extending polyester resin sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises (i) reacting a halogen-substituted diphenylamine derivative with an acridinone derivative in the presence of organometallic compound, (ii) ring-closing reaction of the resulting intermediate to obtain a spiro-bis-acridine derivative, and (iii) introducing aryl or heteroaryl to a free nitrogen atom of the spiro bis(acridin)-derivative by Buchwald coupling. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 82 Compounds (I) are disclosed, e.g. 10,10'-di(biphenyl-4-yl)-2-(dibenzo(b,d)furan-4-yl)-2'-phenyl-10H,10'H-9,9'-spirobi(acridine) of formula (Ia), 10,10'-di(biphenyl-4-yl)-2,2'-diphenyl-10H,10'H-9,9'-spirobi(acridine), 10,10'-bis(4-(dibenzo(b,d)furan-4-yl)phenyl)-2,2'-diphenyl-10H,10'H-9,9'-spirobi(acridine), 10-(biphenyl-4-yl)-10'-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-2,7-diphenyl-10H,10'H-9,9'-spirobi(acridine) and 10,10'-di(biphenyl-4-yl)-2-(dibenzo(b,d)furan-4-yl)-10H,10'H-9,9'-spirobi(acridine).    EXAMPLE - Degassed suspension of 11.1 g 4-bromo-biphenyl, 24.9 g 10-(biphenyl-4-yl)-2'-(dibenzo(b,d)furan-4-yl)-2-phenyl-10H,10'H-9,9'-spirobi(acridine) in 480 ml toluene and 11.9 g sodium tert-butoxide were saturated with nitrogen for 1 hour, 1.07 g 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene and 1.38 g palladium(II) acetate were added, heated overnight under reflux and cooled. The organic phase was filtered over silica gel and then concentrated to dryness. The residue is recrystallized from toluene/heptane to obtain 15.7 g 10,10'-di(biphenyl-4-yl)-2-(dibenzo(b,d)furan-4-yl)-2'-phenyl-10H,10'H-9,9'-spirobi(acridine) with 75% yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The controller is connected to power the chips through the thin-layer-FR4 printed circuit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. EXAMPLE - 12 ml Toluene 12 mL and 0.79 mmol 4,7-bis(5-bromo-4-(2-butyloctyl)thiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, 16 mu mol tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and 0.16 mmol tris(o-tolyl)phosphine were added to 300 ml flask, 0.79 mmol tributyl((11-(dibutyl(propyl)stannyl)-2,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thieno(3,2-b)thiophen-2-yl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),4,8,10-pentaen-5-yl))stannane dissolved in 8 ml toluene was added to resultant mixture under nitrogen atmosphere, reacted for 8 hours, 0.07 ml trimethyl(phenyl)tin was added, heated for 4 hours, 0.06 ml bromobenzene was added, reacted for 4 hours, resultant solid was added to 200 ml methanol, precipitated, extracted using Soxhlet extraction using methanol and re-precipitated, to obtain 0.21 g polymer of formula (IA) having weight average molecular weight of 34600 measured by polystyrene conversion using high-temperature gel-permeation chromatography, number average molecular weight of 56100 and dispersion degree of 1.62.    A=group of formula (a);and    E=group of formula (e).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The saccharide compound is glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose or lactose. The organic solvent is formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, butanol, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, thionyl chloride or N-methylpyrrolidone. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature is 160-230 degrees C. The drying process adopts freeze-drying or carbon dioxide supercritical drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The integrated condensate evaporation tank: is divided into two cabins trapezoid into horizontal format; the two cabins are upper condensation chamber and lower evaporation compartment. A common horizontal cylinder is provided within the cabins; is surrounded by polyurethane insulation layer, which prevents heat loss, and protected by color coated outermost layer; the two cabins are separated by double anti-corrosion material; middle is provided with polyurethane insulation layer to prevent cold and hot temperature shifting each other; the upper portion of the evaporation tank exhibits on slope to reduce upward water vapor resistance; the middle portion of condensation chamber and bile heat exchanger allows discharge of natural condensed water. The high temperature solar collectors and trough solar reflection plate: high temperature solar collectors, collects solar radiation and directly converts to heat, which is conducted to the evaporator tank to heat and evaporate water; trough solar reflection plate is placed parallel to high temperature solar collectors to reflect sunlight directly below and back of the high temperature solar collectors, making it 360 degrees collector; during insufficient sunlight, night time or no sunlight, the electric heating tube starts to heat sea water in evaporation compartment; the electric power is stored in the battery, through conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by solar photovoltaic power generation panels. The ultrasonic nebulizer is present in the internal cavity of evaporation compartment, to spray water, increases evaporation area and prevents fouling.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive additive comprises carbon black, acetylene black, graphite, carbon nanotubes and/or graphene. The current collector comprises aluminum foil, nickel network titanium mesh, stainless steel network and foam nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder comprises polyvinylidene fluoride, PTFE, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, butyl benzene rubber and/or N-methyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoactive layer material is a mixture of compound (A) and compound (B) in a molar ratio of 1:1-10:1, where the compound (A) is halogen-containing organic or inorganic salt, and the compound (B) is halogen-containing metal salt. The compound (A) is methylammonium iodide, methylammonium bromide, methylammonium chloride, ethylammonium iodide, ethylammonium bromide, ethylammonium chloride, propylammonium iodide, propylammonium bromide, propylammonium chloride, cesium iodide, cesium bromide, cesium chloride, formamidinium iodide, formamidinium bromide, formamidinium chloride, acetamidinium iodide, acetamidinium bromide or acetamidinium chloride. (II) is plumbous iodide, plumbous bromide, plumbous chloride, stannous iodide, stannous bromide, stannous chloride, germanium iodide, germanium bromide or germanium chloride. The cathode material is aluminum, silver, gold, calcium/aluminum or calcium/silver alloy. The hole transport layer is a conjugated organic polymer or an inorganic semiconductor. Addition of nanoparticles to the hole transport layer improves light absorption of composite interface layer. The anode is a metal, metal oxide or graphene or their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 1,1-disubstituted aromatic vinyl monomer is alpha -methylstyrene, 1,1-diphenylethylene or 4-chloro- alpha -methylstyrene. The vinyl monomer is acrylic acid, diallyldimethylammonium chloride or acrylamide. The hydrophilic vinyl monomer is hydroxyethyl methacrylate or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. Preferred Method: Mass ratio of 1,1-disubstituted aromatic vinyl monomer and vinyl monomer is 1:2-1:15. Mass ratio of macroinitiator and hydrophilic vinyl monomer is 1:1-1:20. The 1,1-disubstituted aromatic vinyl monomer and vinyl monomer is taken at 20-30 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyolefin is polypropylene or polyethylene. Preferred Method: The pretreating is carried out by oxidizing for 3 minutes with potassium dichromate solution. Preparation of hydrophilic polyolefin microporous film further comprises adding 0.5-3 wt.% initiator to 1,1-disubstituted aromatic vinyl monomer and vinyl monomer, and oxygen purging with nitrogen for 20 minutes before copolymerizing. The copolymerizing is carried out at 60-70 degrees C for 8 hours. The reacting is carried out at 80-120 degrees C. The drying is carried out at 40 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The nanomaterial is nanotitanium dioxide, nano alumina, nanocarbon and nanocalcium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The antiaging agent is hindered amine or benzophenone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The UV absorbent is mixture of UV-317 or UV-326. The antioxidant is antioxidant CA and antioxidant 2641. The stabilizer is polycarbodiimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The mobile power supply circuit is connected with USB slot of a power supply voltage end.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Each of the carbon nanotubes includes a second constriction portion (22) in the other end side. Each of the carbon nanotubes: is bent at the first constriction portion to a lateral direction in one surface side of the resin portion, and is bent at the second constriction portion to the lateral direction in other surface side of the resin portion; and is covered with an alumina film. The heat radiation member contacts a part which is bent at the second constriction portion located in the other end side of the carbon nanotubes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cathode active material is selected from a composite material comprising LiF and metal, lithiated transition metal oxide or litiiertem sulfur. The conductive material is selected from carbon nanotubes, conductive carbon black, graphene and graphite. The catholyte is an electrolyte consist of polyethylene oxide (PEO) or soya base.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - A fastening device main portion is made of stainless steel, aluminum or plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The base material layer has base material layer (I) containing the polyester resin and base material layer (II) which is a stretched polyimide film. Preferred Composition: The content of polyester elastomer and amorphous polyester in the polyester resin is 2-15 %mass and 20-60 %mass, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The shell is provided with a cover plate and the back board are made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The front part of the shell is connected with a USBinterface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing block is made of butyl rubber and polyisobutylene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermal conductive material comprises 10-80 wt.% benzyltoluene, 10-80 wt.% methyl phenyl silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% n-octadecyl aminopropyl amine, 1-12 wt.% polyisobutylene and 2-28 wt.% nano aluminum-magnesium alloy particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The power system comprises a power source comprising a direct current power source or an alternating current power source. The power system comprises an energy storage device adapted for storing electrical energy generated by the heater nano dye layer. The energy storage device is a battery or a capacitor. The power system is in electrical communication with an electronic device with an energy requirement and electrical energy generated by the heater nano dye layer is supplied to the electronic device. Preferred Method: The electronic device is: an electronic storage device, and at least part of the electricity generated by the heater nano dye is stored by the electronic storage device; or an electronic device with an energy requirement and at least part of the electricity generated by the heater nano dye is used to satisfy the energy requirement of the electronic device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heater nano dye further comprises at least one solid component comprising carbon, aluminum, boron or pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises at least one solvent comprising xylene, toluene or acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The continuous material comprises a crosslinked polymer material, where the crosslinked polymer material comprises a crosslinked polymethylphenylsiloxane. The composite material further comprises a dielectric layer disposed between the substrate and the heater nano dye. Preferred Method: The coating is cured by heating the coating to a temperature above 200 degrees F. The absorption of the cured layer of heater nano dye for solar radiation is at least 70%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic phosphoric acid compound is of formula: HO-P(=O)(-OH)-C(-R1)(-R2)-P(=O)(-OH)-OH (I) or HO-P(=O)(-OH)-C(-R3)(-R4)-N(-C(-R3)(-R4)-P(=O)(-OH))(-C(-R3)(-R4)-P(=O)(-OH)) (II), or its salt containing several phosphonic acid groups, preferably hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid or its salt or nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid) or its salt.R1-R4=H, halo, hydroxy, or 1-6C alkyl or alkenyl (both optionally substituted).Preferred Composition: The content of organic phosphoric acid compound in the sealing film is 0.05-1.2 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin material. The sealing film further contains 0.01-0.5 part mass triazole-type chelating agent or benzotriazole-type chelating agent, with respect to 100 parts mass resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The atomic ratio of titanium and niobium in the hole-blocking layer is 1:0.1-10. The electron-transport layer further comprises component chosen from titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide and niobium oxide. Preferred Property: The average thickness of the hole-blocking layer is 0.5-500 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hole-transport layer comprises polycyclic compound of formula (I). The electron-transport layer comprises 2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivative of formula (II). The hole-transport layer comprises ionic liquid and polythiophene compound. The ionic liquid is imidazolium compound.R=optionally substituted alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The compound (A) is preferably of formula (II).R31-R34=H, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, or alkenyl, alkyl, alkyloxy, aryl, aryloxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, acyl, acyloxy, or amino (all optionally substituted);andor 2 or more of R31-R34=ring.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The resin (B) is an ethylene-based copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is formed by thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, PVC, polyether-ether-ketone or polyphenylene sulfide. The fiber is formed as organic fiber or inorganic fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, graphite fiber, glass fiber or high density polyethylene fiber. The fixed-length connecting plate is formed by metal or non-metal material and polyurethane foam or wood.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: Greenhouse material is usually selected from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or glass, preferably PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal particles are noble metal particles containing platinum, palladium and/or ruthenium. The support contains oxide of titanium, tin and/or tungsten and 20 %mass or less dopant chosen from oxide of tin, niobium, phosphorus, antimony and bismuth. The content of oxide is 80 %mass or more. The support has volume resistivity of 50 Omega .cm or less and BET specific surface area of 40 m2/g or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The textile fabric is plain weave. The cover factor of the textile fabric is 2500-3500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The window layer is made from material selected from a group consisting of indium-aluminum-phosphide, indium-aluminum-gallium-phosphide, zinc-selenium, aluminum-arsenide and aluminum-arsenide-phosphide. The beta particle source is made from material selected from a group consisting of indium-aluminum-phosphide, aluminum-gallium-phosphide, indium-gallium-phosphide and tritium metal hydride. The base layer and the emitter layer are made from material selected from a group consisting of indium-gallium-phosphide, indium-aluminum-gallium-phosphide and indium-aluminum-phosphide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The counter electrode is made from calcium and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nanoparticles comprise poly-3-hexylthiophene and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The nanoparticles comprise copolymers derived from DPP-BT, poly-2-ethylhexyloxy benzodithiophene-alt-3-fluoro-2-2-ethylhexylcarbonyl-thieno-3 ,4-bthiophene, Poly-2,6-4,4-bis-2-ethylhexyl- 4H-cyclopenta-2,1-b, 3,4-b-dithiophene-alt-4,7-2, 1,3 -benzothiadiazole, 1', '' ,4' ,4''-tetrahydro-di-1,4-methano-naphthaleno-5,6-fullerene-C60.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electron-blocking layer comprises UV and ozone-treated poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene poly-styrenesulfonate. The nanoparticles comprise copolymers derived from diketopyrrolopyrrole and thiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carboxylic acid functionalities present at least partially neutralized to carboxylate salts comprising zinc or sodium, where the carboxylic acid functionalities present are at least partially neutralized to carboxylate salts comprising zinc. The composition comprises 8-20 wt.% of pigment and 0 wt.% filler. The composition comprises 8-40 wt.% of filler and 0 wt.% of pigment. The composition comprises 10-40 wt.% of filler and 8-15 wt.% of pigment. The composition comprises 8-12 wt.% of pigment and 12-18 wt. % of filler. The pigment comprises titanium dioxide (preferred), zinc oxide, or antimony oxide. The filler comprises an inorganic oxide, carbonate, sulfate, silica, alkali and alkaline earth metal silicate, or baryte of a metal of groups IA, IIA, IIIA, IIB, VIB or VIII of the periodic table of the elements. The filler comprises calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, wollastonite or talc (preferred). The composition comprises 10-40 wt.% of talc and 8-15 wt.% of titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyamide component comprises nylon 12, nylon 610, nylon 612, nylon 610/6T, and/or nylon 612/6T. The polyamide component comprises a combination of nylon 612 and nylon 612/6T. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: The composition contains 8-20 wt.%, preferably 8-12 wt.% pigment and 0 wt.%, preferably 12-18 wt.% filler. Pigment contains titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, or antimony oxide. Filler contains inorganic oxide, carbonate, sulfate, silica, alkali and alkaline earth metal silicate, or baryte of metal of groups IA-IIIA, IIB, VIB, or VIII of the periodic table of elements. Filler contains calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, wollastonite, or talc, preferably talc. The composition contains 10-40 wt.% talc and 8-15 wt.% titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Component (c) is 1-4 carbon-containing alkyl half ester of maleic acid. Carboxylic acid functionalities are at least partially neutralized to carboxylate salts containing zinc or sodium, preferably zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: The composition contains 8-50 wt.% combination of components (ii) and (iii). Polyamide component contains nylon 6, nylon 12, nylon 610, nylon 612, nylon 610/6T, and/or nylon 612/6T, preferably nylon 6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The elements are made of transparent material such as glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The elements are made of a metallic material such as steel and aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The elements are made of a composite material such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics and glass fiber reinforced plastics, a transparent material such as transparent PVC, unplasticized PVC, Plexiglas, a plastic material such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Layer (A) contains the copolyester of which the copolymerization component has copolymerization degree lesser than that of the co-polyester of layer (B). The copolymerization component is 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylene glycol and/or hexamethylene glycol. The copolymerization degree of the copolymerization component of the whole film is 0.1-3 mol%. The copolymerization degree of the copolymerization component in layer (A) and layer (B) is 0-0.5 mol% and 2-5 mol%, respectively. Preferred Properties: The degree of plane orientation of layer (A) and layer (B) is 0.150-0.170, and 0.132-0.152, respectively. The ratio of thickness of layer (A) with respect to thickness of layer (B) is 12-35. The temperature (TA) is more than temperature (TB) by 6-15 degrees C. Preferred Composition: Layer (A) contains 0.5-20 %mass white pigments with respect to total mass of layer (A). Preferred Layer: The laminated film has layer (B) on one side of layer (A) and layer (C) which contains 5-20 %mass white pigments on the other side of layer (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fluoro olefin is tetrafluoroethylene. The content of fluoro-olefin unit in the fluorine-containing copolymer is 40 mol% or more. The alternate rate of fluoro-olefin unit and vinyl alcohol unit in the fluorine-containing copolymer is 94% or less. The fluorine-containing copolymer further has a vinyl ester monomer unit. The fluorine-containing copolymer is obtained by adding hydroxyl group to the copolymer which has fluoro-olefin unit and vinyl ester monomer unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrode layer contains copper-tin alloy phase and tin-phosphorous-oxygen glass phase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active material of positive electrode is chosen from sulfur, graphitic carbon, carbon fiber, glassy carbon, pyrolytic carbon, amorphous carbon, molybdenum sulfide, manganese dioxide, copper(II) sulfide, copper(I) sulfide, silver sulfide, chromium sulfide, vanadium oxyphosphate, titanium sulfide, vanadium pentoxide, magnesium vanadate, molybdenum disulfide, magnesium vanadate, molybdenum trioxide, copper thiochromate, magnesium thiochromate, magnesium-manganese spinel (MgMn2O4), magnesium manganate, magnesium iron-phosphate (MgFe2(PO4)3 and MgFe2(PO4)2), magnesium vanadium phosphate (MgV2(PO4)3), magnesium manganese silicate (MgMnSiO4), magnesium-vanadium fluorophosphates (Mg0.5VPO4F), titanium phosphate, vanadium phosphate and iron(III) fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous solvent is preferably chosen from tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, or chosen from tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, glyme, monoglyme, dimethyl glycol, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylether, ethyl glyme, diglyme, proglyme, ethyl diglyme, triglyme, butyl diglyme, tetraglyme, polyglyme and higlyme. Preferred Definitions:    M+=-K+;and    A=((C6F5)3B(C6H5))-, ((Mes)3B(C6H5))- or (C2B10H10)-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Surface roughness of exposed surface of lamination layer formed by melt-extrusion lamination is 0.5-20 mu m. Extrusion temperature of die is 300-330 degrees C. Preferred Processes: Ozone spraying process is performed before lamination with respect to coated surface of resin or stretched film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The nano filter is made from polyethylene terephthalate. The inner surface of the supply tube is coated with a layer of a polymeric material containing the mixture of a polyvinyl chloride and an aromatic heterocycle polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer additive is selected from the group consisting polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyacrylonitrite (PAN), polyphosphazenes, and siloxanes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Forming polymer comprises post-functionalizing method. Preferred Components: The polymer is a salt formed with an anion comprising iodide, triiodide, hydroxide, chloride, bromide, fluoride, cyanide, acetate, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, triflate, or tosylate. The benzimidazolium-containing moiety is included in a main chain of the polymer. The benzimidazolium-containing moiety is included in a pendant group of the polymer. The benzimidazolium-containing moiety is part of a crosslink of the polymer. The polymer further comprises second repeating unit which is substituted compounds of formula (VI). The polymer is random copolymer of formulas (I), (V), and (VI) (where R1, R3 is methyl, R2 is hydrogen and methyl and X is 1,4-phenylene). The polymer is a random copolymer. The polymer is soluble in methanol, isopropanol, and dimethylsulfoxide. EXAMPLE - 39.41 g Mesitoic acid was dissolved in 560 ml of glacial acetic acid. A separate solution containing 12.3 ml bromine and 160 ml glacial acetic acid was then added and the resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The solution was then poured into 3 l of stirring, distilled water and the precipitate was filtered. After washing the white solid with water, the solid was recrystallized twice from ethanol/water and the collected solid was dried at 70 degrees C under vacuum, resulting in poly(5-(2-(4,6,2',3',6'-pentamethyl-biphenyl-3-yl)-3H-inden-5-yl)-1H-benzoimidazole) (74% yield) of as white needles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer further comprises 0.1-5 %mass acidic group-containing monomeric unit derived from ethylenically-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic particles are titania or alumina. The inorganic particles layer has thickness of 1-5 mu m. The negative electrode active material contains silicon or silicon oxide (SiOx, x is 0.5-1.6). The positive electrode active material contains composite metal oxide of formula: LiaCoxMnyNizMbO2.a=0.9-1.25;b=0 or more;x+y+z+b=1;andM=B, Al, Mg, Ti, Zr, Fe, Mn, Cr or Zn.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of high molecular weight compound in inorganic particles layer is 1-20 parts mass. The high molecular compound has molecular weight of 100-10000. The mean molecular weight of polyvinylidene fluoride is 1 million to 1200000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sacrificing layer includes metal oxide, preferably zinc oxide. The semiconductor layer includes copper-zinc-tin (V) (sulfur, selenide), copper tin sulfide, copper (II) (tin, germanium) sulfide, copper indium gallium selenide, copper indium gallium selenide, copper indium selenide, methylammonium lead iodide type perovskite or porous titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The structural material is selected from carbon nanotube, carbon fiber, boron nitride nanotube, boron nitride fiber or cellulose nanofiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reactive gas comprises at least one element including nitrogen, oxygen, gaseous hydrides, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen sulfide, phosphine or sulfur dioxide, preferably nitrogen and/or oxygen. The material having electrical conductivity includes conductive polymer or carbon, preferably graphite. The target comprises 20-60 wt.% lithium phosphate, 20-60 wt.% lithium sulfate, and 1-20 wt.% material with electrical conductivity. The substrate includes aluminum, silicon, carbon, steel, polymer, glass, a positive electrode material or a negative electrode material. The inert gas comprises helium, neon and argon. The solid electrolyte layer comprising phosphate-containing lithium oxynitride or (I), has a layer thickness of 1-4 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer comprises at least one compound including polyacetylene, polyazulene, polyisothianaphthene, polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene, polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polythiophene, poly(3-alkylthiophene), polyfuran, sulfonated polyaniline and polyaniline, and the conductive polymer is optionally doped.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The driven friction wheel is made of silicon rubber, chloroprene rubber or polyoxymethylene (POM) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The growth substrate comprises gallium arsenide or indium phosphide. The protection layer is chosen from aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, indium gallium arsenide, aluminum indium phosphide, gallium indium phosphide, indium arsenide, indium antimonide, gallium phosphide, aluminum phosphide, gallium antimonide and aluminum antimonide. The etching process is carried out using wet etchant and/or dry etchant. The wet etchant is chosen from hydrogen fluoride, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid and 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid. The dry etchant comprises reactive ion etching with plasma. The parabolic concentrators comprise an elastomeric material metalized with gold, silver, platinum, palladium, nickel, and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The plastic parabolic concentrator comprises polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified, and is coated with wetting layer(s) containing germanium and metal-reflecting layer(s) containing silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thioamide compound (I) is selected from tetramethyl thiourea, N,N-dimethyl thiourea, N-methyl thiourea and diphenyl thiourea. The tertiary amine compound is selected from nitrilotriacetic acid, triethylamine, and triethanolamine. The heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt is selected from N-ethyl pyridine hydrochloride, N-benzyl pyridine hydrochloride, N-2-hydroxyethyl pyridine hydrochloride, N-2-hydroxypropyl pyridine hydrochloride and pyridyl-N-propanesulfonate ammonium salt. The polysorbate is selected from polysorbate 40.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The cloud equipment is connected with a Wi-Fi, a Zigbee, a Bluetooth, a 3G, a 4G and a NFC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The water-insoluble polymer is chosen from the group which consists of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-acryl acid ester copolymer, fluorine-type rubber, and a styrene-butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Salt is in the form of salt solution. Salt includes halide and sulfate of alkali and alkaline earth metals. The amount of salt is 5-50 wt.%. The porous adsorbent includes zeolite, preferably natural zeolite, more preferably clinoptilolite, chabazite, phillipsite, natrolite and/or erionite. Preferred Process: The salt-loaded porous adsorbent is dried and ground, before hydrophobic treatment. The hydrophobic treatment is carried out using silane and siloxane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Silane is octyltriethoxysilane or aminopropylsilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Siloxane is polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The powder-type self-compacting concrete contains 500 parts mass ordinary Portland cement, 195 parts mass silica fume, 160 parts mass second-level fly ash, 260 parts mass limestone powder, 40 parts mass calcium carbonate nanopowder, 1000 parts mass river sand, 12 parts mass early-strength superplasticizer powder, 4 parts mass thickener, 7 parts mass curing agent, 32 parts mass expansion agent, 180 parts mass water and 5 parts mass organic fiber. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of ordinary Portland cement is 30-60 mu m. The average particle diameter of silica fume is 5-20 mu m. The average particle diameter of second-level fly ash is 10-30 mu m. The limestone powder has particle size of 150 mesh. The average particle diameter of river sand is less than or equal to 2.63 mm. The length of the organic fiber is 6-12 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Water is fresh water or sea water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The expansion agent is less-water calcium lignosulfonate or UEA.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickener is inorganic bentonite, starch or cellulose ether. The curing agent is porous zeolite powder or water-absorbing resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The construction part is manufactured from a thermally insulating material i.e. plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Carbon materials are selected from carbon black, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene, and/or graphite. Layer (d) contains metal particles, particularly silver (Ag), copper (Cu), and/or gold (Au). Liquid medium is a solution or dispersion of conductor and/or semiconductor in greater than or equal to 1 solvent. Liquid medium contains particles of aluminum (Al), Cu, Ag, Au, and/or graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Contacting step of layer (d) with liquid medium is performed in an atmosphere comprising or consisting of air. Contacting step of layer (d) with liquid medium is performed in atmosphere which has pressure of 500 mbar to 2 bar or at ambient pressure. Preferred Parameters: Layer (d) has electrical conductivity of 1.10-1-5.10-3 S/cm and average thickness of 20 nm to 100 mu m. Ionization potential of layer (d) is lower than ionization potential of layer (c). Preferred Components: Solvent of liquid medium is 1-6 carbon-containing alcohols and/or water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Material of layer (d) is selected from carbon materials, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polyaniline, and/or molybdenum sulfide (MoS2). Liquid medium contains dispersant polymer, particularly greater than or equal to 1 polyamide. Preferred Processes: Contacting step of layer (d) with liquid medium is performed by spin coating, slot coating, screen printing, gravure coating, offset printing, spray coating, ink-jet printing, dip coating, drop coating, or blade coating, preferably ink-jet printing, blade coating, or spin coating. Liquid medium is contacted with substrate to provide layer (e), which is afterwards transferred from substrate on layer (d).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The particles have average diameter of greater than or equal to 80 nm, preferably 80-190 nm, and irregular polyhedral shape or curved outer surface. Preferred Components: Conductive material is glasses with conductive coatings, composites based on plastic polymers, or metal foils. Glass with conductive coating is covered with tin oxide doped with indium or tin oxide doped with fluorine. Metal foils are selected from titanium, aluminum, and/or stainless steel. Precursors are selected from platinum(II) acetylacetonate (Pt(acac)2), tetraammineplatinum(II) nitrate (Pt(NH3)(NO3)2), palladium(II) acetylacetonate (Pd(acac)2), hexachloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6), hydrogenchloropalladate (H2PdCl4), tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCI4), and, in the case of H2PtCl6, H2PdCl4, and HAuCl4 as their salts with counterions, such as tetrabutylammonium or other cations of quaternary ammonium. Preferred Condition: Conductive material is heated to stable temperature of 350-550 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic solvents are selected from ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, diethylether, hexane, heptane, sulfolane, glycerol, acetone, ethanol, methylene chloride, tetrachloroethane, acetic acid, or water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Composite based on plastic polymers is polyethylene terephthalate covered with indium-doped tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The liquid is glycerine, ethylene and propylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The color pigment comprises 40-70 parts mass titanium oxide. Preferred Property: The particle size of titanium oxide is 0.2-0.5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The colored resin layer further comprises polyisocyanate chosen from aliphatic polyisocyanate, alicyclic polyisocyanate and aromatic polyisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acrylic resin is obtained by copolymerizing acrylic polyol resin and ultraviolet absorber and/or light stabilizer. The easily bonding layer comprises The easily bonding layer comprises acrylic resin and oxazoline group-containing crosslinking agent. The solar cell backsheet further comprises polyolefin coated on solar cell backsheet component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The breaking elongation after the plastic film is stored at 120 degrees C under relative humidity of 100% for 60 hours is 50% or more of elongation at break of unstored polyethylene terephthalate film. The blue dye adhesiveness of outer side surface of UV-absorption layer after scraping the blue jeans using indigo dye is class 1 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer having ethylenically unsaturated double bond is obtained by reacting monomer having carboxyl group and/or hydroxyl group with monomer chosen from epoxy group-containing monomer and oxazoline group-containing monomer, or reacting monomer having carboxyl group and/or hydroxyl group with isocyanate group-containing monomer, or reacting (vinyloxy alkoxy) alkyl(meth)acrylate, monomer having an acid-anhydride group and monomer having hydroxyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The back surface protection sheet comprises transparent front substrate, photovoltaic cell, and sealing material which seals the photovoltaic cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method involves adding cellulose as binder to raw material composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molecule (A) is fullerene derivative. Preferred Condition: The size of small molecule (A) depositing on the surface of the active layer is increased by addition of polymer (B) (I) which increases the surface roughness.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer (A) is poly(3-hexylthiophene). The polymer (B) is 1-(5H-indeno(5,6-b)thiophen-2-yl)-4H,5H,6H-thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione derivative of formula (I). The polymer (B) has a molecular weight of 10000-80000.R1-R5=H, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, optionally substituted 1-50C alkyl, optionally substituted 2-50C alkenyl, optionally substituted 2-50C alkynyl, optionally substituted 1-50C alkoxy, optionally substituted 3-50C cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 5-50C cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted 5-50C cycloalkynyl, optionally substituted 6-50C aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl having 5-50 nucleus atoms, optionally substituted 5-50C arylamino or optionally substituted 1-50C alkylamino;andR1-R-4= optionally substituted with 1-50C alkyl, 6-50C aryl, heteroaryl having 5-50 nucleus atoms or 7-50C aralkyl.Preferred Composition: The composition contains 10-60 wt.% polymer (B) (I) with respect to total weight of polymers (A) and (B), and small molecule (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal electrode layer comprises gold or silver, and has thickness of 30-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Film: The thickness of copper phthalocyanine or phthalocyanine film is 15-30 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of silicon, glass, polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate. The N,N-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylene polyimide film has thickness of 20-30 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyester is obtained using calcium compound, lithium compound and phosphorus compound as catalyst. Preferred Composition: The polyester comprises terephthalic acid and naphthalene dicarboxylic acid as acid component and ethylene glycol including diethylene glycol as glycol component. The content of terephthalic acid or naphthalene dicarboxylic acid with respect to total content of terephthalic acid and naphthalene dicarboxylic acid is 90 mol% or more. The content of diethylene glycol with respect to total content of ethylene glycol component is 90 mol% or more. The polyester resin composition comprises more than 90 %mass polyester. The polyester resin composition comprises compound having hydroxyl group (A) or carboxyl group which reacts with hydroxyl group other than hydroxyl group (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulation medium layer is aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, titanium oxide, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride, hafnium oxide, aluminum nitride, polydimethylsiloxane, poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate), polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene and is a kind of or laminated layer is one of several of boron nitride. The frontage and electrode is one of or several of indium tin oxide and fluorine doped tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the material comprising (I) comprises a step of solid milling a mixture comprising at least inorganic compounds of bismuth and silver, and optionally at least one oxide, sulfide, oxysulfide, oxyhalide or halide of at least one element consisting of bismuth or the elements of the group A, and optionally at least one oxide, sulfide, oxysulfide, oxyhalide or halide of at least one element consisting of silver or group B elements. Preferred Components: (I) is of formula (BiAg1-eOSM) (IA). In (I) at least one of x, y and z is not 0. (I) is used in the form of: isotropic or anisotropic object having at least one dimension less than 50 mu m, preferably less than 20 mu m; or particles smaller than 10 mu m. (I) is in the form of anisotropic particles of wafer type, or of agglomerates of tens to hundreds of such particles. (I) is in the form of a: continuous layer having a thickness less than 50 mu m, preferably less than 20 mu m, where the layer comprises (I) at a concentration of at least 95 wt.%; or continuous layer having a thickness of less than 50 mu m, preferably less than 20 mu m, where the layer comprises a polymer matrix and particles of (I) with dimensions less than 5 mu m dispersed within the matrix. EXAMPLE - 0.685 g Bismuth(III) sulfide, 1.243 g bismuth(III) oxide and 0.991 g silver sulfide were placed in an agate mortar in the presence of agate grinding balls. The mortar was then covered and placed in a planetary mill with a speed of 500 rpm. The grinding was continued for 120 minutes until a pure phase of mixed oxide and sulfide of bismuth and silver (BiAgOS) is obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The system is made of composite polymer that is made of polyester resin, thermoplastics, glass fiber, fillers, internal mold release agent, colorant and initiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium dioxide is titanium dioxide semiconductor thin film having a thickness of 200-500 nm. The layer is a perovskite lead iodide methylamine layer having a thickness of 400 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second metal comprises aluminum powder, gold powder, copper powder and/or magnesium powder. The dopant is receptor dopant, boron, aluminum, magnesium, indium, gallium and boron containing compound, aluminum containing compound, magnesium-containing compound, indium-containing compound and gallium-containing compound. Preferred Composition: The glass powder comprises 35-80% lead oxide, 0.5-45% silicon oxide, 12-50% boron oxide and 0.1-10% aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is viscosity regulator, surfactant, stabilizer, dispersant, thickening agent, wetting dispersant and foam killer. The organic carrier is organic resin and a solvent mixture. The organic resin is methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The solvent is terpineol, turpentine oil, carbitol and cyclohexanone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The orientation layer is made of ultra-thin cavity with an inner diameter of the lead ion complexed cyclic molecules selected from 15-crown-5- styrene-based 15-crown-5, dibenzo-15-crown-5, dibenzo 18-crown-6, N, N- dimethyl cyanoethyl-diaza-18-crown-6, tetraphenylporphyrin, tetrakis (2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl) porphyrin, tetrakis (2-methoxy-1-naphthyl) porphyrin, tetra-p-tert-butyl-calix (4) arene, tetra - tert-butyl (6) Calixarene azo benzoic acid, tetra amide-substituted Calix (4) arene dibromide dipropionate Calix (4) arene, beta -cyclodextrin and its derivatives. The thin alignment layer coating liquid composition comprises strongly polar organic solvent such as dimethyl formamide, dimethylsulfoxide, chloroform, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran, and ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The parabolic heavy weight structure is replaced with an open lattice diamond shape structure made up of light-weight carbon Nano-polymer resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sand particle has granularity of 20 nm-100 mm, preferably 20 mu m-5 mm. The thermal conductive agent is graphite, carbon fiber, carbon powder, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, and metal powder having amount of 0.1-30 wt.%, preferably 0.5-15 wt.%. The protective bag material is carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, alloy, plastic, rubber, wood, bamboo, ceramic, and glass. The shell is filled with nitrogen, argon or helium, and other inert gas. The shell material is stainless steel or high-temperature ceramic. The outer shell is non-woven fabric or plastic-coated protective bag with anti-scald or anti-oil property.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal nitride is selected from a group consisting of IVB metal nitrides, group VB metal nitrides, group VIB metal nitrides, aluminum nitride, gallium nitride, indium nitride, silicon nitride and germanium nitride. The metal oxide is selected from group consisting of tin oxide, fluorine-doped tinoxide, indium oxide, tin-doped indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin doped zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, cadmium oxide, magnesium-zinc oxide, indium-zinc oxide, copper-aluminum oxide, silver oxide, gallium oxide, zinc-tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc-indium-tin oxide, nickel oxide, rhodium, oxide, ruthenium, oxide, iridium oxide, copper oxide, cobalt oxide, tungsten oxide and titanium oxide. The porous layer comprises metal oxide nanoparticles that are selected from group consisting of tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium oxide, tin-doped indium oxide, zinc oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide and strontium-titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive polymer is selected from group consisting of poly ethylenedioxythiophene-poly styrenesulfonate, polyaniline-CSA, pentacene, polyacetylene, poly hexylthiophene, polysiloxane carbazole, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polyindole, polycarbazole, polypyridazin, polyisothianaphthalene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylpyridine, polythiophene, polyfluorene, polypyridine, polypyrrole and polysulfur nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The spacer is made of a material selected from a group consisting of polyethylene (PE), poly propylene (PP), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyimide (PI) and Polyphthalamide (PPA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The luminescent structure includes silicone or resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of (meth)acrylamide monomeric unit derived from primary amine is 0.5-5 wt.% with respect to all monomers units contained in the (meth)acryl polymer. The content of (meth)acrylamide monomeric unit derived from primary amine is 50-200 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of total amount of (meth)acrylamide monomeric unit containing N-methylol group. The (meth)acryl polymer further contains 0.5-5 wt.% (meth)acrylonitrile monomeric unit with respect to all monomers units contained in the (meth)acryl polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The PTC material includes barium titanate. The cathodes include materials selected from a group consisting of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum dioxide, lithium iron phosphate, and lithium manganate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrical current-reducing devices includes a positive-temperature-coefficient (PTC) layer having PTC material, such as conductive-polymer polyethylene including graphite particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The first layer comprises glass fibers. The monitoring device is partly attached to the component by epoxy unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method additionally involves oxidizing the polyamine-copper-indium-gallium oxide/polyanion film, sulfurizing, selenizing and tellurizing the polyamine-copper-indium-gallium oxide/polyanion film to convert film to a copper-indium-gallium sulfide film, copper-indium-gallium selenide film and copper-indium-gallium telluride film respectively. Preferred Composition: The substrate comprises silicon, quartz or molybdenum. The silicon or quartz substrate has a coating comprising N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and the molybdenum substrate remains uncoated or has a coating of polydopamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyamine comprises polyallylamine. The polyanion comprises polystyrenesulfonate or polydopamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solid electrolyte is made of a polymer solid electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The system enables an inner layer made of aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The system enables outer layers made of polypropylene. The reactive material is an adhesive composition having an isocyanate terminated prepolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The crutch handle is formed with an outer layer that is formed by glue material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The other compound is chosen from lauryl methacrylate (LMA) and methylmethacrylate (MMA). Top surface of the surface (S1) includes an anti-reflective coating. The hafnium carboxyethylacrylate (HCA) is lauric acid-substituted hafnium carboxyethylacrylate (HCA). The weight ratio of hafnium carboxyethylacrylate (HCA) to the other compound is 1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polymer base (P1) has refractive index of at least 1.7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: When substrate material includes graphite, the template material is silicon, the matrix is silicon carbide material. When Substrate material includes a carbon-rich polymer derived ceramic matrix and template material is silicon, the component is silicon carbide matrix. When the substrate material is metallic particles chosen from molybdenum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, zirconium, niobium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, platinum, yttrium and boron, the component includes metal silicide regions and the template material is fibers, particles, thin films or sheets.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The locking part is made of polypropylene, polyethylene, acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene material and other plastic materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves dissolving manganese nitrate and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate in deionized water, and adding anhydrous ethanol to obtain mixed solutin, adding polyethylene glycol octylphenol ether to the mixed solution according to a molar ratio of nitrate to polyethylene glycol octylphenol ether of 1:4-1:0.25, transferring the obtained solution to a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting, and opening the kettle, centrifuging the resultant mixed, separating a precipitate, washing the precipitate with deionized water and alcohol, and drying the washed precipitate at 60-80 degrees C to obtain finished product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of pH buffer solution is 100-300 ml. The pH buffer solution includes ammonium bisulfate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and/or ammonium bicarbonate. The initiator is potassium persulfate and/or ammonium persulfate. The concentration of initiator aqueous solution is 20-30%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of surfactant is 0.001-0.01 g. The surfactant includes sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and/or sodium lauryl sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of polymer solution is 10-50 ml. The polymer solution includes (methyl)acrylic acid, (methyl)methacrylate, (methyl)butyl acrylate, styrene and/or trifluoroethyl methacrylate. The crosslinking agent includes ethylene oxide, polydimethylsiloxane and/or ethylene glycol. The amount of crosslinking agent is 0.001-0.01 g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The azole phosphoric acid is manufactured by mixing and stirring azole and phosphoric acid. Preferred Composition: The azole is chosen from benzotriazole, 1,2,4-triazole, pyrazole and 1,2,3-triazole. The proton-conductive electrolyte is obtained by embedding azole phosphoric acid in polymer. Preferred Method: The manufacture of azole phosphoric acid involves mixing single crystal of azole phosphoric acid in acetone, and depositing in acetone. EXAMPLE - 0.5 mmol Benzimidazole, 5 mmol 1,2,4-triazole, 5 mmol pyrazole and 5 mmol 1,2,3-triazole were respectively added to phosphoric acid, dissolved by stirring, and acetone was added to the resultant product, to grow single crystal of azole phosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent includes trimethyl hexanediamine or m-xylylenediamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The light reflective material of solar cell module contained titanium dioxide or white phosphor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The wiring board layer of solar cell module contained polyethylene phthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), polyimide, epoxy-glass, polyester and bismaleimide triazine (BT). The polymer layer is made up of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer and poly-olefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: Glass frit includes leaded glass frit and/or lead-free glass frit. Preferred Parameters: Glass frit has average particle diameter (D50) of 0.1-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Conductive powder includes silver powder, gold powder, palladium powder, platinum powder, copper powder, chromium powder, cobalt powder, aluminum powder, tin powder, lead powder, zinc powder, iron powder, indium powder, osmium powder, rhodium powder, tungsten powder, molybdenum powder, nickel powder, and/or indium tin oxide (ITO) powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Surface tension modifier includes ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, propylene carbonate, formamide, glycerol, or furfural. The composition contains 50-90 wt.% conductive powder, 1-15 wt.% glass frit, 5-40 wt.% organic vehicle, and 0.1-40 wt.% surface tension modifier. The composition further contains dispersant, thixotropic agent, plasticizer, viscosity stabilizer, anti-foaming agent, pigment, UV stabilizer, antioxidant, and/or coupling agent. Organic vehicle includes binder resin and solvent in which amount by weight of binder resin is greater than or equal to amount by weight of solvent. Solvent includes hexane, toluene, ethyl cellosolve, cyclohexanone, butyl cellosolve, butyl carbitol, dibutyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, hexylene glycol, terpineol, texanol, methylethylketone, benzylalcohol, gamma -butyrolactone, and/or ethyl lactate. Binder resin is included in the organic vehicle in an amount by weight of 1-6 times an amount by weight of the solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The front sheet is based on a material such as glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The front sheet is based on a material such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyethylene napthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyesters, polyethylene, polypropylene, Polyethylene furanoate, polymers based on poly-biscyclopentadiene condensates, fluorine based polymers, colorless polyimide, cellulose and PEEK polymers. The encapsulant layer is based on a material such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, thermal Polyolefin, silicone elastomers and epoxy resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The portion of the surface comprises a polymer e.g. dielectric material polymer and electrically non-conductive material polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive additive is acetylene black. The anode layer in the battery is doped with at least one of a Group IV/Group 14 element or a Group V/Group 15 element. The current collector comprises aluminum, copper, gold or silver. Preferred Composition: The active layer comprises 50-80 wt.% magnesium diboride, 10-30 wt.% conductive additive and remaining binder additive. The Group IV/Group 14 element comprises at least one of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead or flerovium. The Group V/Group 15 element comprises at least one of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth. The electrolyte contains solution of magnesium tetrahydroborate in dimethoxyethane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder additive is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Grignard derivatives are magnesium-aluminum chloride compounds of formula ((R3aMgCl2-c)2-AlCl3) (IV) or (Mg(AlCl4-bR4b)2) (V). (I) are diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether and/or tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The volume ratio of 1,2-dimethoxyethane and (I) (preferably diethylene glycol dimethyl ether) is 1-99:99-1, preferably 1-90:90-1. The first electrolyte comprises 80-99 wt.% (I). The magnesium salt is magnesium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide, magnesium bis(hexafluorophosphate), magnesium bis(perchlorate), magnesium bis(oxalato)borate, magnesium bis(tetrafluoroborate), magnesium bis(perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide and/or magnesium trifluoromethanesulfonate. The magnesium salt has concentration of 0.05-1.0 M. The second electrolyte comprises 10-50 wt.% polymer and 50-90 wt.% Grignard derivatives. The thickness of the second electrolyte is 1-10 mu m.c = 0-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) having 6-15 wt.% hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol and/or polyethylene oxide. The weight average molecular weight of the polymer is 100000-600000. EXAMPLE - 1,2-Dimethoxyethane and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether were added into 0.3 M magnesium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide in volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain the electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The contact angle of water in the modified surface is 90 degrees or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The surface roughness (Ra) of the film surface after the lamination is 30 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermoplastic resin is a polyester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anions are bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide, and the cations having the five membered ring are 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium + five membered pyrrolidinium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric film contains polypyrrole as a main component and includes an ionic liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The conductive substrate used in manufacture of self-assembled platinum counter electrode is a glass substrate or a flexible plastic substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive substrate used in the manufacturing method is functionalized using bifunctional organosilane compound activate the conductive substrate such that a functional group chosen from -NH2, -SH, -OH and -COOH is provided to obtain a substrate with a modified surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic particles are composite particles chosen from titanium oxide, silicon oxide, calcium carbonate and barium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness and glass transition temperature of the polyimide resin film is 1-20 mu m and 300 degrees C or more, respectively. The polyimide resin film has thermal expansion coefficient of 20 ppm/K or less at 100-200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The organic layer includes hole-transport layer, hole injection layer, electron injection layer and electron-transport layer. The photoactive layer contains electron donor containing copolymer, and electron acceptor containing fullerene, fullerene derivative, carbon nanotube, carbon nanotube derivative and/or semiconductive compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer is chosen from 17 copolymers e.g. copolymers of formulae (A)-(E), and further includes substituted thiophene repeating unit of formula (II).A'=A.Preferred Properties: The copolymer has number average molecular weight of 500-1000000 g/mole and molecular weight distribution 1-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive wire and cross conduction nature wire are formed of titanium, nickel, aluminum, copper, tungsten, silver, stainless steel, hastelloy, inconel and satellite. The insulating property wire and intersection insulating property wire are formed of glass fiber, polybenzoxazole fiber and aramid fiber. The photo-electrode is formed of titanium dioxide. The counter electrode is formed of platinum and carbon nano-tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium oxide fine particle is rutile titanium dioxide. Preferred Properties: The titanium oxide fine particle has an average particle diameter of 0.6-0.9 microns. The titanium oxide fine particles have scaly, spherical or amorphous shape.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is polyester film with thickness of 188-300 mu m. The adhesive layer is made of polyurethane adhesive, acrylate adhesive, polyvinyl acetate adhesive or epoxy resin adhesive. The weatherable layer is made of polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer or polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. Preferred Properties: The adhesive layer has thickness of 4-8 mu m. The weatherable layer has thickness of 20-38 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mol ratio of ferric trichloride, methyl orange and pyrrole monomer is 1-2:0.1-0.3:1-2. Alkali metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide; dihaloalkane is 1,4-dibromo butane, 1,4-dichloro-butane, 1,6-dichloro-hexane or 1,6-dibromohexane; the first organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate or dimethyl sulfoxide; the second organic solvent is methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or acetone. The mass ratio of polypyrrole nanotube, alkali metal hydroxide and dihaloalkane is 3-5:5-10:10-20. The mass ratio of halogenated polypyrrole nano tube and imidazole is 1:5-10. The modified polypyrrole nanotube, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, chloroplatinic acid and sodium borohydride is 1-5 mg: 20-25 mg: 0.03-0.05 mmol: 0.1-0.2 mmol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises, adjusting pH of both untreated landfill leachate and pretreated landfill leachate to acidic range. The current density is 1-100 mA/cm in the reaction process, adjusting pH to acidic range. The photoelectric Fenton oxidation reaction is continuously carried out in two or multi-stage reactor. Preferred Components: The 2-ethylanthraquinone modified gas diffusion electrode comprises a foamed nickel, carbon black, polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion, 2-ethylanthraquinone, where the foamed nickel is electrode collector layer, and the carbon black, polytetrafluoroethylene are composed of electrode diffusion layer, which is coated on the collector layer, where the mass ratio of carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene is 0.5-4.0:1, and the electrode catalytic layer coated on the diffusion layer of the carbon black, polytetrafluoroethylene and 2-ethylanthraquinone, where the mass ratio of carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene is 0.5-4.0:1, and the mass ratio of 2-ethylanthraquinone and total mass ratio of carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene is 2-40%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fumed silica Brunauer, Emmett and Teller specific surface area is 300. The viscosity of silicone oil is 30-50 mpa/s, and hydroxy content is 5-10%. The release agent is zinc stearate. Fluoroelastomer has molecular weight of 30-1400000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Precursor is selected from isopropyl titanate, titanyl sulfate, tetrabutyl titanate, isopropyl titanate, titanium tetrachloride or titanium trichloride. Acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid, glacial acetic acid, acetylacetone or oxalic acid. Organic solvent is selected from isopropyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or n-butyl alcohol. Modifier is selected from non-metal or metal compound. Non-metal modifier is selected from organic acid or heterocyclic amino acid. Amino acid is selected from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, glutamic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, hydroxyethylethylenediamine triacetic acid, phenylalanine or histidine. Metal compounds are selected from iron, manganese, vanadium, cobalt, copper, zinc, nickel or cerium compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonatetris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methyl lithium, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, Lithium bis(oxalate), lithium borate, and lithium and its derivate. The battery further comprises an anode active material selected from lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium-nickel-manganese material, lithium iron phosphate, nickel, cobalt and manganese, nickel-cobalt ternary material and aluminum and sulfur containing material, and a cathode active material selected from lithium metal, hard carbon, soft carbon, silicon material and tin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The resin is a monomer resin, where the resin includes polyurethane resin, unsaturated polyester, vinyl resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, furan resin and/or acid methyl ester methyl benzene. The unidirectional continuous fiber is glass fibers or carbon fibers. The diameter of fiber is 1-30 mu m. The fiber felt is glass fiber continuous felt. The additive is dispersing agent, release agent, flame retardant, coloring agent, coupling agent, curing agent and/or ultraviolet radiation absorbent. The prepared solar module frame is solid structure or hollow structure. In step (ii) and step (iii), the mass parts of unidirectional continuous fiber and the fiber felt is 50-85 pts. wt.. The mold is core mold or no core mold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphite mixture is mixture of natural graphite and artificial graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of lead iodide and methylamine salt is 1:1, then concentration of the prepared precursor solution is 14-16 wt.%. The molar ratio of lead chloride and methylamine salt is 3:1, then concentration of the prepared precursor solution is 5-7 wt.%. The chitosan is dissolved in aqueous solution of hydroiodic acid, where concentration of hydrogen iodide acid is 0.5-1.5 g/ml. The solution is stirred at 0-5 degrees C for 6-10 hours. The acetone is added to the solution so that chitosan iodide is completely precipitated. The solution is continuously washed with diethyl ether until the filtrate is completely colorless to obtain chitosan iodide. The methylamine salt is CH3NH2.HI. The mass ratio of chitosan iodide and methylamine salt is 0.5-1.0 wt.%. The volume concentration of hydroiodic acid is 1-3 vol.%. The precursor solution is filtered through 0.45 mu m polytetrafloroethylene filter. The nanocomposite film is annealed at 80-120 degrees C for 10-20 minutes. The thickness of the nanocomposite film is 30-100nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The battery contains nanoparticles made of platinum, gold or silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The gas-diffusion layer further consists of an electroconductive porous layer (b) containing electroconductive carbon material and high-molecular weight polymer. The high-molecular weight polymer is fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outer layer is coated with resin comprising modified polypropylene and polyacryl type resin. The contact bonding layer is coated with polyurethane adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal oxide is selected from molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, zinc oxide and titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The charge recombination layer is made of material chosen from aluminum, gold, lithium, lithium fluoride, tin and titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The article further comprises second layer comprising additives. The additives comprises amine compound comprising a mixed amine, where the mixed amine comprises a first amine and a second amine selected from the classification group consisting of a primary amine, a secondary amine, and a tertiary amine, the classification group of the first amine being different from the classification group of the second amine.The amine compound is selected from the group consisting of tert-butylamine, benzylamine, piperidine, morpholine, triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, 4-(2-hydroxylethyl)morpholine, 4-methylmorpholine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)-piperazine, and N,N-diethylethylenediamine. The pyridine-containing compound is selected from pyridine, 4-picoline, 2-picoline, 2,6-lutidine, and 4-methylpyrimidine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The glass component substance is selected from molybdenum trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal particle is chosen from silver particle and copper particle by which silver coating is carried out.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal interconnection components are formed using molybdenum, nickel-cobalt ferrous alloy material, or nickel-iron alloy material. The carrier supporting the solar cell array, is formed of aluminum or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The epoxy (meth)acrylate is bisphenol A epoxy (meth)acrylate, bisphenol F-type (meth)acrylate or bisphenol E-type (meth)acrylate, and is of formula (I). The sealing compound further contains (meth)acrylate (D) having group of formula (i) or (ii).R=H or 1-3C alkyl;X=-CH2-, -C(CH3)2- or -CH(CH3)-;andn=1-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Hydrophilic polymer binder contains a polymeric polyol or polysaccharide. Hydrophilic polymer binder contains cellulose-based polymer or chitosan-based polymer. Metal nanowire ink contains 0.01-2 wt.% metal nanowires consisting of silver nanowires, 0.1-2 wt.% hydrophilic polymer binder consisting of polysaccharide polymer binder, and 0.001-0.2 wt.% metal ions consisting of silver ions. Metal nanowire ink contains 0.01-2 wt.% metal nanowires consisting of silver nanowires, 0.1-2 wt.% hydrophilic binder consisting of polysaccharide binder, and 0.001-0.2 wt.% metal ions selected from silver, gold, platinum, palladium, zinc, and/or nickel. Metal nanowire ink further contains 0.01-2.5 wt.% curable binder. Preferred Parameters: Metal nanowire ink has pH of greater than or equal to 3 pH units, preferably 5.5-7.5 pH units. No visible settling can be observed after one hour of sitting without stirring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite metal oxide is lithium-lanthanum-zirconium oxide (Li7La3Zr2O12). The coating membrane has thickness of 1-100 nm. The content of phosphorus in the coating membrane is 20-150 mol% with respect to composite metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Device: In the power storage device, the layer comprises a rubber material and a water-soluble polymer. The ionic liquid contains a cation having a heteroaromatic ring, preferably an imidazolium cation. Alternatively, the power storage device comprises: a positive electrode; a separator; a negative electrode facing the positive electrode with the separator between it; and an electrolytic solution comprising an alkali metal salt and an ionic liquid, in contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode, where at least part of the positive electrode overlaps with the negative electrode, and where the negative electrode has a smaller width than the positive electrode. In a second alternative case, the power storage device comprises: a positive electrode comprising a first current collector and a first active material layer over the first current collector; a separator; a negative electrode comprising a second current collector and a second active material layer over the second current collector, the second active material layer facing the first active material layer with the separator between it; and an electrolytic solution comprising an alkali metal salt and an ionic liquid, in contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode, where at least part of the first active material layer overlaps with the second active material layer, and where at least part of an end portion of the second active material layer is located inside a region between opposite end portions of the first active material layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is glass plate or gas-barrier film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin layer is provided on a support material. The resin portion (2) exists on the surface side of support material, and the resin portion (1) exists on the other surface of resin layer. The support material is a gas-barrier film. The resin portion (2) contains a resin chosen from butyl rubber, polyisobutylene-type resin, styrene-type copolymer, polyisoprene-type resin, polybutadiene-type resin, and polybutene-type resin. The resin portion (2) preferably contains polyisobutylene-type resin (b1) having mass mean molecular weight of 270000-600000, polyisobutylene-type resin (b2) having mass mean molecular weight of 50000-250000, polyisobutylene-type resin (b3) having mass mean molecular weight of 20000 or more, and styrene-type copolymer (b4) chosen from styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer, styrene-(ethylene-co-butylene)-styrene triblock copolymer, styrene-isobutylene diblock copolymer, and styrene-isobutylene-styrene triblock copolymer. The resin composition of resin portion (2) further contains tackifier. Preferred Properties: The ratio of total surface area of resin portion (1) with respect to resin portion (2) is 10/90-90/10. The copolymer (b4) has a softening point of 80-200 degrees C. The tackifier has a softening point of 135 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Definitions:    heteroaryl=group chosen from 22 groups e.g. 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl or thiazolyl;and    aryl=phenyl, naphthyl or anthracenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon material includes graphite. The anode includes an anode active material layer and a coating film provided on the anode active material layer. The photoelectron spectrum is obtained by analyzing coating film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating film includes a polymer compound containing carbonate-containing compounds of formulae (I)-(IV). The nonaqueous electrolyte solution includes unsaturated cyclic compound of formula (VI)-(VIII). The compound (I) is preferably of formula (5).X=divalent group obtained by bonding =C-CH2-, m-number of group (a) and n-number of group (b);Y'=divalent group obtained by bonding p-number of group (c) and q-number of group (d);R1-R4,R6-R11=H, halo, monovalent hydrocarbyl, preferably 1-12C alkyl, 2-12C alkenyl, 2-12C alkynyl, 6-18C aryl or 3-18C cycloalkyl, monovalent halogenated hydrocarbyl, monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl, monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl or group obtained by bonding two or more of monovalent hydrocarbyl, monovalent halogenated hydrocarbyl, monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl and monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl;k5,p,k1=1 or more;q,m,n=0 or more;R12,R13=H or monovalent hydrocarbyl;R14-R17=H, 1-12C alkyl or monovalent unsaturated hydrocarbyl, in which one or more of R14-R17 are monovalent unsaturated hydrocarbyl, preferably 1-12C alkyl or 2-12C alkenyl;monovalent hydrocarbyl=1-12C alkyl, 2-12C alkenyl, 2-12C alkynyl, 6-18C aryl or 3-18C cycloalkyl;monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl=1-12C alkoxy;anddivalent hydrocarbyl=1-12C alkylene, 2-12C alkenylenyl, 2-12C alkynylenyl, 6-18C arylenyl or 3-18C cycloalkylenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sheets of thermoplastic material comprises one of thermoplastic olefin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic, or fiber-reinforced plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anatase crystal is mixture of titanium oxide and silicon dioxide of weight ratio 3:2, obtained through ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether hydrolysis. The ammonium phosphate is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The dispersion liquid further contains copper, platinum, palladium, silver or iron as electron-withdrawing substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent polymer material protecting layer is selected from polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, low-density polyethylene and polycarbonates transparent polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon material comprises particles of KB300, KB600, Super P (RTM: Conductive carbon black), BP2000, acetylene black and/or graphite, one-dimensional single-wall or multi-walled carbon nanotube, hollow carbon tube, carbon fiber, carbon cloth and/or carbon material graphene sheet. The solvent is water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dichloromethane, carbon disulfide, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene and/or chloroform. The carbon-containing organic material as a binder comprises sucrose, phenolic resins, melamine resin, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polyethylene and/or gelatin. The inert gas is nitrogen or argon. I    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal element in metal or metal oxide is iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, platinum, palladium, gold, iridium, ruthenium, niobium, yttrium, rhodium, chromium, zirconium, cerium, titanium, molybdenum, manganese, zinc, tungsten, tin, lanthanum and/or vanadium. The elemental sulfur compound is used with cathode electrode material, where the sulfur content is 50-85%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon thin-film top cell comprises p-type silicon thin-film layer, intrinsic silicon thin-film absorption layer and n-type silicon thin-film layer. The p-type silicon thin film layer includes p-type amorphous silicon film, p-type silicon carbide film and p-type nanocrystalline silicon thin-film. The intrinsic silicon thin-film layer includes amorphous silicon thin-film, nanocrystalline silicon thin-film and amorphous silicon-germanium alloy film. The ratio of silicon and germanium in amorphous silicon-germanium alloy film is 0-1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electron acceptor is chosen from fullerene, indene-fullerene (60C) bisadduct and indene-fullerene (70C) bisadduct.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is a flexible substrate comprising stainless steel foil, aluminum foil, flexible glass, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate and polyetherimide. The transparent conductive thin-film electrode comprises indium-tin oxide semiconductor thin film, fluorine-doped tin oxide transparent conductive film, aluminum-doped zinc oxide transparent conductive film, poly-3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene/polystyrene sulfonate transparent conductive film, carbon nanotube, graphene and metal nanowire. The organic photosensitive layer comprises electron donor and electron acceptor. The electron donor is chosen from poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene), diketopyrrolopyrrole-quinquethiophene alternating copolymer, poly(9,9-didecanefluorene-alt-(bis-thienylene) benzothiadiazole), poly(2,6-4,8-di(5-ethylhexylthienyl)benzo(1,2-b;3,4-b)dithiophene-alt-5-dibutyloctyl-3,6-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4-dione and bis(2,6-diaminopyridine sulfoxide). The mass ratio of electron donor and electron acceptor is 10:1-1:10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The shock-absorbing gasket is made from silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The coating layer consists of thermoplastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The encapsulant layer is selected from a group comprising ethyl- vinyl-acetate, poly vinylbutryal and poly-olefene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solar cell encapsulant silicone composition comprises: (A) 100 pts. wt. organopolysiloxane represented by the average compositional formula: (R1)aSiO(4-a/2) and having a degree of polymerization of 100; (B) 30-90 pts. wt. reinforcing silica having a specific surface area of 50 m2/g; (C) curing agent; and (D) 0-10 pts. wt. tackifier.R1=each independently a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group; anda=1.95-2.05.At least 0.01 pt. wt. component (D) is present per 100 pts. wt. component (A), and component (D) contains at least one alkoxy, epoxy or (meth)acrylic group. Preferred Parameter: The solar cell encapsulant silicone composition is shaped into a sheet having a thickness of 0.3-2.5 mm. Preferred Process: The solar cell encapsulant silicone composition is shaped into a sheet by calendering or extrusion molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nano semiconductor oxide is titanium dioxide, tin oxide, zinc peroxide and niobium pentoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic material of a latent heat storage medium is anyone of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and lithium nitrate and aluminum dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The crosslinkable organopolysiloxane further has a siloxane unit (B) of formula: -(O1/2-Si(-R5)(-R6)-O1/2)- (II).R5,R6=R1.Preferred Composition: The content of siloxane unit (A) contained with respect to total content of siloxane unit (A) and siloxane unit (B) is 30-90 mol%. The total content of siloxane unit (A) and siloxane unit (B) with respect to all siloxane units is 80-100 mol%. The total number of alkenyl group and alkynyl group bonded with silicon atom contained in one molecule of crosslinkable organopolysiloxane is 100 or less. Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of crosslinkable organopolysiloxane is 5000-100000 based on polystyrene conversion, measured by gel-permeation chromatography. Preferred Definitions:    Ar'=phenylenyl, naphthylenyl, biphenylenyl or terphenylenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The biaxially-oriented polypropylene film has 5% elongation stress in the width direction of 100 MPa or more, thermal contraction rate in the width direction after heat processing at 125 degrees C for 15 minutes of 1% or less and thickness 0.5-3 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Metal compound includes use metal chloride or nitrogen-containing metal compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Nitrogen-containing compound is further added to mixture of thermoplastic resin and metal compound. The thermoplastic resin is polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol or nitrogen-containing thermoplastic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon nanotubes include single-walled carbon nanotubes and double-walled carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The dendrimer consists of a core unit having malonic ester group, aromatic hydrocarbon group and/or heteroaromatic ring in skeleton, and a branch unit of formula (I).A,C'=O, S or divalent organic group;B'=N or trivalent aryl;andD'=monovalent substituent chosen from alkoxy, ester, amino, amido, hydroxy/its salt, carboxy/its salt, mesogenic group, carbohydrate, sulfanil and polyether chain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The raw material resin and additives comprises polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) resin, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin, modifiers, stabilizers and dispersing agents. Preferred Composition: The moisture content of raw material resin is less than 0.35%. Preferred Process: The method also involves drying the feed material at 95-105 degrees C for 1.5-2 hours by circulating hot air before mixing. The mixing process involves adding polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) resin, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin, modifiers, stabilizers and dispersing agents in order to the mixing chamber, and mixing. Preferred Properties: The particle size of the additives is less than 70 mesh.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive metal circuits are formed from a metal foil of aluminum, tin, copper, nickel, silver, gold, tin coated copper, silver coated copper, gold coated copper, steel, invar, and/or their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: One or more ethylene copolymers and one or more polyolefins are blended in the weight ratio of 5:95-55:45. The ethylene copolymers are chosen from ethylene/alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymers, ethylene/alkyl (meth)acrylic acid copolymers, and/or ionomers derived from ethylene/(meth)acrylic acid copolymers. The ethylene copolymers are chosen from 30 ethylene/acrylate copolymer, ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer, ionomers derived from ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers and/or ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymers. The polyolefins are chosen from homopolymers of an olefin and copolymers of two or more olefins. The polyolefins are chosen from linear or branched poly-( alpha )-olefins and cyclic polyolefins. The polyolefins are chosen from high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), low density polyethylene (LDPE), and/or linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). The polymeric substrate comprises one or more polymeric materials chosen from polyester, fluoropolymer, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene, cyclic polyolefin, acrylic, cellulose acetate, acrylate polymer, polystyrene, styrene acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, poly(ethylene naphthalate), polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyamide, epoxy resin, glass fiber reinforced polymer, carbon fiber reinforced polymer, vinyl chloride polymers, polyvinylidene chloride, and/or vinylidene chloride copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coupling agent is silane, titanic acid ester or tri or triisostearoyl-isopropyl titanate. The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methyl pyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyimide comprises 40 mol parts of 4-(4-amino-3-methylbenzyl)-2-methylaniline, 60 mol parts 4-(4-amino-3-methylphenoxy)-2-methylaniline, and 100 mol parts 5-((1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-yl)carbonyl)-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The film has light absorbance rate of 90-99%. The light-absorbing material absorbs light in the ultraviolet and visible spectrum. Preferred Composition: The element comprises substrate on which the film of light-absorbing material is formed, and infrared-reflecting film. The light-absorbing material contains 1-10 (w/w)% binder, optionally additive(s) and carbon allotrope. The carbon allotrope is chosen from carbon nanotube, graphene and fullerene, preferably carbon nanotube. The carbon nanotube is chosen from multi-walled carbon nanotube, single-walled carbon nanotube and/or double-walled carbon nanotube. The infrared-reflecting film is formed from infrared-reflecting material chosen from tin dioxide, indium(III) oxide, indium-doped tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, cadmium-tin oxide, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, hafnium carbide and lanthanum hexaboride, and has thickness of 400-3000 nm, preferably 2500-3000 nm. The substrate is material chosen from metal, glass, inorganic material, polymeric material and ceramic material. The metal is chosen from aluminum, stainless steel, gold, silver and copper, preferably aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder material contains ceramic material and inorganic-organic polymer or monomers. The inorganic-organic polymers or monomers are silicone-based materials. The silicone-based materials are transformable into a ceramic matrix at a temperature of more than 300 degrees C. The silicon-based material is chosen from polyborosiloxane, polysilazane, methyl trimethoxysilane polycarbosilane, silazane and polysiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Sealing glue comprises component A and component B, where component A comprises 10 pts. wt. vulcanized silicone rubber, 65 pts. wt. hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 35 pts. wt. filler and 2 pts. wt. flame retardant. Component B comprises 8 pts. wt. silicone sealant, 0.5 pts. wt. catalytic curing agent, 0.1 pts. wt. light stable agent and 5 pts. wt. coupling agent. Filler is selected from active heavy calcium carbonate, active light calcium carbon, heavy calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, talcum powder, kaolin or diatomite. Flame retardant is selected from magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, zinc borate, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide or antimony trioxide. Silicone sealant is selected from hydroxypropyl trimethoxysilane, di(hydroxypropyl)polydimethylsiloxanes, hydroxypropyl triethoxysilane, 1,3-bis-(hydroxypropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane , methoxysilanes or hydroxypropylcellulose. Catalytic curing agent is selected from dibutyl tin dilaurate, dibutyl tin diacetate, tin oxide or ethyl acetoacetate. Light stabilizer is selected from 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylbutyl piperidine, hexamethylphosphoric triamide or tri (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethoxy-piperidinyl) phosphite. Coupling agent is selected from ~y-aminopropyl diethoxy silane or ~y-(2, 3 epoxy propoxy) propyl dimethoxysilane. Colorant is titanium dioxide pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The amino-modified conjugated polymer is prepared by carrying out Suzuki coupling reaction of 9,9-dioctylfluorene and 5,12-dibromo-2,9-bis(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)anthra(2,1,9-def)isoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)tetrone, performing palladium-catalyzed polymerization of resultant reaction mixture, precipitating, filtering and drying. Preferred Composition: The amino-modified conjugated polymer is preferably of formula (II). The polymer can be dissolved in water, methanol and/or ethanol. Preferred Definitions:    R1=-(CH2)8-;    R2=-(CH2)3-;and    R3=-CH3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The E-PVC paste layer further includes a surface coating layer, where the surface coating layer is obtained by coating the surface coating liquid were coated on the of high-strength polyester sandwiched mesh surface and bottom of the E-PVC paste layer, drying, plasticizing, and cooling; where the surface coating liquid comprises 100 pts. acrylate treatment agent, and 10-20 pts. viscosity modifiers. The flame-retardant powder includes hydroxy zinc stannate, zinc stannate and auminum hydroxide in the mass ratio of 1:1:3. The antioxidant includes antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant 168 in the ratio of 3-3.5:1. The viscosity modifier is fumed silica having specific surface area of 180-220 m2/g. he PVC paste resin PSM-31, and the PVC blending resin is SB200. The PVC composite material has thickness of 2-3 mm. Preferred Method: The viscosity modifier is added under stirring for 10-15 minutes, at speed of 2000-3000 revolutions per minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises (i) carrying out Diels-Alder addition reaction of 2,6-dibromoanthracene with maleic anhydride, carrying out anhydride ring opening methanol mono-esterification, and then carrying out acid-catalyzed esterification with methanol to obtain removable group-containing anthracene unit based bilateral bromide compound, (ii) carrying out palladium-catalyzed Miyuara reaction of removable group-containing anthracene unit based bilateral bromide compound to obtain removable group-containing anthracene unit based bilateral boronic acid ester compound, and (iii) carrying out Suzuki polymerization reaction of removable group-containing anthracene unit based bilateral boronic acid ester compound with conjugated units-containing dibromo compound to obtain final product. Preferred Components: (I) is subjected to heat treatment to remove removable group of anthracene unit by reverse Diels-Alder reaction to obtain anthracene-(hetero)aryl compound of formula (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The 2nd matrix type is a polyurethane polymer. Erosion shield further contains a primer layer between the inner layer and the outer layer. Erosion shield is provided as an over-lamination. The 1st fiber type is chosen from glass fibers and/or carbon fibers. The 1st matrix type is chosen from polyester, vinylester, or epoxy. Preferred Parameters: Erosion shield is arranged along at least a section of the leading edge of the blade and extends along a longitudinal part of the blade, where longitudinal part extends along 1-50%, preferably 1-35% of the length of the blade. Longitudinal part is arranged on an outer part of the blade near the tip. Inner layer has thickness of 0.5-5 mm, preferably 1-3 mm. Outer layer has thickness of 0.1-2 mm, preferably 0.3-1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The porous inorganic material contains silica. The electrode catalyst includes active catalyst (11) containing complex, oxide, nitride or carbide of metal chosen from scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, tin, barium, lanthanum, cerium, hafnium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold, and electroconductive support (12). Preferred Property: The average covering thickness of the porous inorganic material on at least one portion of the electrode catalyst is 0.5-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of substance of the electron withdrawing group with respect to porous inorganic material is 4 mmol/g or more. Alkyl group is haloalkyl group chosen from chloropropyl group and/or chloromethyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Resin pellet is olefin-based resin pellet. Resin pellet is low density polyethylene resin pellet with density of less than or equal to 0.935 kg/cm3. Liquid is silicone oil. Silicone oil is liquid of polysiloxane with repeating unit of formula -Si(R)(R')-O- (1). Liquid is methylphenyl polysiloxane.R, R'=alkyl, aryl, or group by which H of alkyl or aryl is substituted with halo in which R and R' may be substituted by OH or alkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white pigment is titanium oxide. Preferred Process: The layer (C) is obtained from raw material composition comprising acrylic resin, 2 or more types of isocyanate compounds having hydroxyl group, and white pigment. Preferred Properties: The layer (C) has light transmittance of 50% or less at 350 nm. The surface layer cohesive strength of layer (A) and layer (C) is class 0, measured by ISO2409 (2013 editions).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The isocyanate compound contains block isocyanate compound (i1) in which the isocyanate group is protected by blocking group, and isocyanate compound (i2) in which isocyanate group is not protected by blocking group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acrylic resin is acrylic resin having hydroxyl group or acrylic resin having urethane bond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The catalyst deterioration rate is 13% or less and hydrogen-oxidizing reaction activity retention rate is 72% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The positive electrode active material is selected among titanium, zirconium, niobium, tungsten, potassium, aluminum, manganese, vanadium, cadmium, strontium and chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The phyllosilicate is organified using quaternary imidazolium salt and/or quaternary phosphonium salt as organification processing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The transparent resin film has light transmittance of 70% or more at wavelength of 550 nm, haze value of 10% or less, elasticity moduli of 1.5-10 GPa at 25 degrees C and fracture toughness of 1.5-10 MPa.m1/2. The transparent resin film has suppressed cracking when contacted with mixed solvent comprising 5 wt.% or more water and N-methylpyrrolidone and/or dimethylsulfoxide. The glass transition temperature of the resin compound is 180-450 degrees C. The weight average molecular weight of the resin compound is 2x 104-100x 104, based on polystyrene conversion. Preferred Composition: The resin compound comprises biphenyl repeating unit of formula (I) and (II), and triphenyl repeating unit of formula (III).R1=linear or branched 1-5C alkyl;R2=linear or branched 2-5C alkyl;A1-A4=group chosen from groups of formulae (i)-(v);X1,X2=arylene;R3=methyl or aryl;andR4,R5=H or methyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anion conductor consists of a pressure-molded product of a composition comprising the layered metal hydroxide or ionomer of the layered metal hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The crystalline metal borate contains zinc, boron and oxygen. The surface of the sulfur-containing fluorescent substance has a layer containing crystalline metal borate, and further has a glass layer containing a glass composition, and particles or layer containing zinc oxide compound. The crystalline metal borate is given by the formula: MxByOz.x=1-3;y=2-6, preferably 2-4;z=4-11, preferably 4-7;andM=Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg and/or Zn, preferably Ba.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The fluorescent substance content layer has the structure in which the fluorescent substance and zinc compounds are scattered in resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Substrate is selected from glass, silicon, steel, aluminum (Al), silicon oxide, and/or polymers; anode layer is selected from tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), graphene, and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTC); and cathode layer is optically transparent and selected from Al, copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), barium (Ba), zinc oxide (ZnO), and/or calcium (Ca). Photovoltaic device further comprises a hole transport layer, preferably selected from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-PSS), molybdenum oxide (MoOx), nickel(II) oxide (NiO), and/or vanadium pentoxide (V2O5); and an electron transport layer. Photovoltaic device has a sequence of layers comprising 20-200 nm anode layer, 3-100 nm hole transport layer, 20-200 nm photovoltaic layer which contains azomethine and (70)PCBM, 0.5-50 nm electron transport layer, and 20-200 nm cathode layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The molecule has molecular mass of 300-750. Preferred Definitions:    B'=furan, thiophene, phospholea silole, azole, e.g. imidazolidine, imidazolem, pyrazole, (is)oxazolidine, (is)oxazole, (iso)thiasolidine, (iso)thiazole, pyridine, oxane, pyran, thiane, thiopyran, phosphinine, diazine, oxazine, thiazine, dithiine, triazine, thiepine, diazepine, and/or thiazepine; and    n,m,r=1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Photovoltaic device further contains titanium dioxide (TiO2) blocking layer between absorber layer and charge-separation/collection layer. N-type electron extraction layer contains compounds selected from CdS, Cd(1-x)ZnxS, (Cd,Zn)S, zinc sulfide (ZnS), Znx(O,S)y, Zn(O,S,OH)x, zinc oxide (ZnO), Zn(O,OH)x, Inx(OH,S)y, indium sulfide (In2S3), indium hydroxide (In(OH)3), tin(IV) oxide (SnO2), Sn(S,O)2, zinc selenide (ZnSe), Zn(Se,OH)x, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), manganese sulfide (MnS), or Mn(S,OH)x. Doped degenerated-oxide is selected from aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), indium tin oxide (ITO), or intrinsic-zinc oxide (i-ZnO). Insulating layer contains an oxide, e.g. alumina (Al2O3) and/or silica (SiO2). Passivation layer contains a nitride, preferably silicon nitride (Si3N4). Alkaline metal is sodium. Substrate contains soda lime glass. P-doped semiconductor material contains CIGS.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Charge-separation/collection layer contains fullerene. Quasi 2D material contains graphene and/or molybdenum sulfide (MoS4). Photovoltaic device further contains organic-based hole blocking layer positioned between absorber layer and charge-separation/collection layer. Organic-based hole blocking layer contains phenanthroline compound or its derivative of formulae (1) and/or (2). Organic-based hole blocking layer contains phenanthroline compound or its derivative of formula (2) selected from 2,8-diphenyl-1,7-phenanthroline, 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-phenanthroline and/or 2,4-dimethylbenzo(j)(1,7)phenanthroline. N-type electron extraction layer contains an n-type fullerene layer. Photovoltaic device further contains a window/passivation layer which has a doped degenerated-oxide.R1-R4=H, alkyl, or Ph.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Substrate is selected from glass, polymer foil, or metal foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The sulfonation reaction is carried out at 0-80 degrees C for 15-300 minutes. The sulfonated polyester is obtained by recycling polyethylene terephthalate with glycerol derived from biodiesel synthesis and glycerol derivatives by performing glycolysis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive metal powder is aluminum powder, silver powder or copper powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chosen from terpineol, turpentine oil, Carbitol (RTM: Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether), propylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tributyl citrate and dibutyl phthalate. The lubricant is of cetyl alcohol, octadecyl alcohol, Span-60 (RTM: Sorbitan monostearate), Span 80 (RTM: Sorbitan monooleate) and butyl stearate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickening agent is mixture of ethyl cellulose and nitrocellulose and/or resin, where the resin is alkyd resin, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, aldehyde ketone resin or polyketone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biogas digester comprises fermentation tank, water, discharge port, feed opening, feed tube, stirrer and slag pumping pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of carbon/sulfur composite powder, electroconductive carbon and polyvinylidene fluoride is 8:1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 1,3-dioxolane is 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The flame retardant is red phosphorus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coupling agent is silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent or aluminate coupling agent. The antioxidant is N,N'-hexamethylene bis(3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide) and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite. The lubricant is silicone powder or ethylene bis stearamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The flow modifier is branch polymer-long chain polyfunctional ester mixture. The compatibilizer is maleinized poly(octene-ethylene) copolymer, maleated ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer and/or maleated ethylene-vinyl acetate. The black masterbatch is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The co-crystal comprises ion channels. The ionic compound is lithium salt or sodium salt. The lithium salt is lithium chloride. The sodium salt is sodium perchlorate and sodium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic compound is organic solvent, carbonyl compound, aromatic hydrocarbon and/or soft Lewis donor. The organic solvent selected from N,N-dimethylformamide, pyridine and isoquinoline. The carbonyl compound is benzophenone, acetophenone, and phenylbenzoate. The aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, bibenzyl, biphenyl, and naphthalene. The free-standing thin film electrolyte composition comprises binder selected from polyethylene oxide, polyoctahedral silsesquioxane functionalized with eight polyethylene glycol chains. The method utilizes a precipitating agent that is diethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The temperature sensing element comprises bimetal or trimetal. The second moisture insulation layer comprises a contact lubricant or a contact coating that comprises hydrophobic fluorinated polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first moisture insulation layer comprises an epoxy adhesive and epoxy resin comprising a curing agent. The curing agent comprises polyoxypropylenediamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The adhesion layer is made of gold, silver, copper and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbon support is selected from a group consisting of Vulcan and Ketjenblack or a mixture and selected from a group consisting of conducting carbon, vulcan, acetylene black, black pearls, carbon nanotube, graphene, and activated carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic peroxide is a t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate or 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, and has 10 hour half-life temperature of 90-130 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyethylene is high-density polyethylene having density of 0.942-0.97 g/cm3. Preferred Properties: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has melting point of 60-90 degrees C and melt mass-flow rate of 1-25 g/10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The translucent resin layer and base material have thickness of 90-300 mu m. The distance from neutral axis to the film thickness center plane of the silver reflection layer is 100 mu m or less. Preferred Component: The translucent resin layer contains an acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid reactant material comprises alkali metal silicide. Preferred Property: The fluid distribution network(s) are arranged to change the location of fluid distribution during operation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The side wall(s) comprises layer(s) of wire mesh, polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and fiberglass. The fluid injection system is arranged within the cartridge or external to the cartridge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic compound such as fluoroethylene carbonate, or mineral salt such as lithium tetra-fluoro-borate and lithium hexa-fluoro-phosphate is contained in fluorine of electrolyte solution. The lithium fluoride is provided as precipitate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Pure ethanol is obtained by fermenting sugar cane, corn and cellulose-containing crop.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The additive contains 1 vol.% sodium hydroxide, 3 vol.% benzotriazole, 7 vol.% polyethylene diamine, 2 vol.% n-butanol and 1 vol.% polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the protective material is selected from epoxy resin, phenol, melamine, urea, alkyd, polyurethane, polyimide, polyethylene, a polypropylene, a polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, and polyvinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The transition metal oxide comprises titanium dioxide. The alkaline electrolyte comprises an aqueous alkaline gel electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The starches comprise modified or reticulated starches.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The black highly-reflective contact bonding layer has aasterisk value of -1 to 1 and basterisk value of -5 to -1 in color tone. Preferred Composition: The solid content application amount of dark color adhesive agent in black highly-reflective contact bonding layer is 7-18 g/m2. The reflection layer and the transparent contact layer are laminated through the black highly-reflective contact bonding layer. The reflection layer is a white resin layer comprising resin containing white pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic pigment filler is chosen from titanium dioxide, titanium black and carbon black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic pigment is selected from manganese-bismuth complex oxide, manganese-strontium complex oxide and iron-chromium complex oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fluoro-olefin is tetrafluoroethylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content rate of the fluoro-olefin unit in the fluorine-containing copolymer is 40 mol% or more or 94 % or less. Preferred Process: The fluorine-containing copolymer has fluoro-olefin unit, vinyl alcohol unit, and vinylester monomer unit, and is obtained by performing hydroxylation reaction of copolymer having fluoro-olefin unit and vinylester monomer unit. Preferred Composition: The coating material further comprises filler having refractive index of 1.35-1.55. Preferred Property: The refractive index of the coating film is 1.50 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The pore area (S2-10) of mesopores having pore diameter of 2-10 nm is 400-1100 m2/g. The pore volume (v2-10) of mesopores having pore diameter of 2 nm or more is 0.4-1.6 cc/g. The pore area (S10-50) of mesopores having pore diameter of 10-50 nm is 20-150 m2/g. The pore area (S2) of mesopores having pore diameter of 2 nm is 250-550 m2/g, which is obtained by analyzing the nitrogen adsorption isotherm of adsorption process in Horvath-Kawazoe method. The mesopores have specific surface area of 600-1500 m2/g, which is measured by BET method, and n-dibutyl phthalate (DBP) oil absorption amount of 200-650 cm3/100 g. The ratio of oil absorption amount with respect to specific surface area is 3-5 nm. The mesopores have half value width of the peak existing at G-band of 1550-1650 cm-1 of 30-75 cm-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The paste composition further contains an adherence agent containing amine compound and/or amide-type compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is selected from titanium oxide, scandium oxide, vanadium oxide, zinc oxide, gallium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, lanthanide oxide, tungsten oxide, iridium oxide, magnesium oxide, strontium oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dye is is selected ruthenium-based dye, xanthenes-based dye, cyanine-based dye, porphyrin-based dye or anthraquinone-based dye. The interactive adsorbent is selected from compound of formula (I-V or VI). The interactive adsorbent is but-3-enoic acid, pent-4-enoic acid, hex-4-enoic acid, hept-4-enoic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, heptane dioic acid, 4-oxo-hex-5-enoic acid, 6-((acryloyl)amino)hexanoic acid, 9-acryloylamino-nonanoic acid, 6-(2-methyl-acryloylamino)-hexanoic acid, 9-(2-methyl-acryloylamino)-nonanoic acid, 14-acryloyloxy-tetradecanoic acid, 14-(2-methyl-acryloyloxy-tetradecanoic acid), 4-(4-vinylphenyl)butyric acid, 4-(4-vinylphenoxy)-propionic acid, 6-aminohexanoic acid or 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid.m=0-10;D and B'=carbon atom, nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, silicon atom;A=carboxylic acid, acyl halide, alkoxysilyl or halide; andR1=H or 1-10C alkyl group. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is of formula (II), preferably of formulae (III)-(V). The organic layer further has hole-transport layer (103), hole-injection layer, electron-injection layer, and electron-transport layer containing the polymer. The photoactive layer contains electron acceptor chosen from fullerene, fullerene derivative, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube derivative, basocuproin semiconductive element, and semiconductive compound, and electron donor containing the polymer. The electron donor and electron acceptor contain bulk heterojunction. The organic layer is n-type organic layer or p-type organic layer. The photoactive layer has a thin film structure.X10-X13=CR3R4, NR3, O, SiR3R4, PR3, S, GeR3R4, Se or Te;R3,R4,R10-R15,R100,R101=H, D, halo, nitrilo, nitro, imido, amido, hydroxy, or alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, alkyl thiol, aryl thiol, alkyl sulfoxide, aryl sulfoxide, alkenyl, silyl, boron group, alkylamino, aralkyl, amino, arylamino, heteroarylamino, aryl, or heterocyclyl (all optionally substituted);andn=1-100000.Preferred Properties: The polymer has a number average molecular weight of 500-1000000 g/mol and a molecular weight distribution of 1-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: GO or RGO is functionalized with gold (Au), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), or ferric oxide (Fe2O3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Polymer immiscible in P3HT is styrenic polymer, acrylic polymer, carbonate, olefin, or polyelectrolyte. Weight ratio of GO or RGO to polymer immiscible in P3HT in the homogeneous dispersion is 0.5:20-4:20. Weight ratio GO or RGO:P3HT:PCBM in the composition is 0.5:20:20-4:20:20. The composition contains 25-40 wt.% homogeneous dispersion based on total weight of homogeneous dispersion, P3HT, and PCBM in the composition. The composition contains 25-40 wt.% P3HT and 25-40 wt.% PCBM based on total weight of homogeneous dispersion, P3HT, and PCBM in the composition. Ratio of GO or RGO to PSS or PMMA in the homogeneous dispersion is 0.5:20-4:20. The composition contains 25-40 wt.% P3HT based on total weight of PSS or PMMA, P3HT, and PCBM in the composition. The composition contains 25-40 wt.% P3HT and 25-40 wt.% PCBM based on total weight of PSS or PMMA, P3HT, and PCBM in the composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulation medium layer is selected from silicon oxide (SiOx), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulation medium layer is provided with a thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin that is selected from one of polyimide, poly caprolactam, polyolefin resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin and organic silicon resin materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ligand in the metal complex is connected to the metal via an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom, in order to form carboxy, oxy or sulfonate bonding to the metal. The ligand is covalently connected to the polymerizable functionality or through a linker. The metal complex is neutral.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymerizable functionality is an ethylene group selected from vinyl group, an alkyl vinyl group, a vinyl ether group, an alkyl vinyl ether group, a vinyl halide group, a vinyl ester group, an alkyl vinyl ester group, an acrylate group, an alkylacrylate group, an alkyl acrylate group, and an alkyl alkylacrylate group. The linker is 1-30C alkylene group in which one or more methylene groups are optionally replaced by -O-, -C(O)-, -S-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)NH-, an aromatic group, or a cycloalkylene group, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group is optionally substituted by halo.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymerizable functionality forms polymer selected from polyethylene (including substituted polyethylene), polyacetylene (including substituted polyacetylene), polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polyanhydride, and polysiloxane. Preferred Definitions:    L=-O-(O)C-C6H4-CH=CH2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dopant source contains nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, boron or hetero elements. The dopant source is in the form of solid or gas. The doping gas comprises ammonia (preferred) or sulfur dioxide. The solid dopant source is water-soluble salts including ammonium salts, sulfate, phosphate, boron salts or their double salts.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The straw comprises remaining portion of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, oilseeds, cotton, sugar cane and other crops after harvest of seed. The doped source is melamine. The weight ratio of melamine and rice straw is 1/5-1/20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Nanofiber: In the nanofiber, the core is structured by silver (Ag) sphere having an average diameter of approximately 5-20 nm. The nanofiber is prepared by an electrospinning technique.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The resin is polyurethane resin, unsaturated polyester, vinyl resin, epoxy resin, phenolic aldehyde resin, furan resin, methyl methacrylate as resin monomer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The short fiber is glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, basalt fiber, nylon fiber, polyester fiber and ultra-high molecule weight polyethylene fiber with length not greater than 6 mm. The continuous longer fiber is continuous glass fiber or carbon fiber with diameter of 1-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluoroborate salt is potassium fluoroborate, sodium fluoroborate, ammonium fluoroborate, zinc fluoborate, stannous fluoborate, copper fluoroborate, lead fluoroborate and/or cadmium fluoborate. The fluoride is potassium fluoride, ammonium fluoride, sodium fluoride, lithium fluoride and/or strontium fluoride, the chloride is ammonium chloride, zinc chloride, tin chloride, copper chloride, lead chloride and/or cadmium chloride. The tin alloy powder is tin-copper alloy powder, tin-bismuth alloy powder, tin-silver-copper alloy powder and/or tin-silver bismuth alloy powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is a mixture of 30-70 wt.% solvent A and 30-70 wt.% solvent B, where the solvent A is triethanolamine, the solvent B is terpineol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, turpentine, ethylene glycol butyl ether, tributyl citrate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and/or tributyl phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickener is rosin, modified rosin and/or acrylic resin and the thixotropic agent is polyamide wax and/or a modified hydrogenated castor oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The polyimide is obtained by imidizing polyimide precursor produced by primarily polymerizing acid dianhydride with diamine-based compounds at 10-30 degrees C, and secondarily polymerizing at 30-65 degrees C. Preferred Components: The polyimide is of formula (VII).Q = substituted cyclic amide moiety of formula (VIIa);p+q+r+s+t = 1;p/(p+q+r+s+t) = less than or equal to 0 to less than 0.5;q/(p+q+r+s+t), r/(p+q+r+s+t), s/(p+q+r+s+t), t/(p+q+r+s+t) = 0-1;X1-X5 = aromatic, alicyclic or aliphatic tetravalent organic group, preferably tetravalent organic group derived from 1,2,4,5-cyclohexane tetracarboxylic dianhydride;Y2 = divalent organic group derived from 4-amino-N-(4-aminophenyl)benzamide;Y3 = aromatic divalent organic group moieties of formulae (VIIIa)-(VIIId), alicyclic divalent organic group moiety of formula (VIIIe), 4-18C cycloalkanediyl-containing alicyclic divalent organic group, substituted divalent organic group moiety of formula (VIIIf) or silane-containing divalent organic group moiety of formula (VIIIg), preferably divalent organic group derived from 4,4'-oxydianiline;Y4 = Y3, preferably divalent organic group derived from 4,4'-(9-fluorenylidene)dianiline;Y5 = Y3, preferably divalent organic group derived from m-phenylenediamine;Y6 = Y3, preferably divalent organic group derived from m-phenylenediamine or 2,2'-bis(methyl)benzidine;R21-R28 = 1-10C alkyl, halo, OH, carboxy, 1-10C alkoxy or 1-10C fluoroalkyl;R31-R38 = H, 1-10C alkyl or phenyl;A21, A22 = single bond, -OCR'R''- -C(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=O)NH-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -O(CH2CH2O)y-, -NH(C=O)NH-, -NH(C=O)O-, 6-18C monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene or 6-18C monocyclic or polycyclic arylene;R', R'' = H, 1-10C alkyl or 1-10C haloalkyl;y = 1-44;A23 = -(CR'R''-CH2O)z-;z = 1-8;b1, b4, b5 = 0-4;b2 = 0-6;b3 = 0-3;b6, b9 = 0 or 1;b7, b8 = 0-10; andm, n = 1-15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal nanoparticles contain silver, platinum, ruthenium, gold, nickel and/or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solution (s2) includes chlorobenzene or o-dichlorobenzene as solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is chosen from copper phthalocyanine, poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), poly-3-hexylthiophene, and poly(2,6-4,8-di(5-ethylhexylthienyl)benzo(1,2-b;3,4-b)dithiophene-alt-5-dibutyloctyl-3,6-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4-dione.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is chosen from wetting and dispersing agent, defoamer, thixotropic agent and leveling agent. The solvent is chosen from terpineol, turpentine, diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate, butyl carbitol and dibutyl phthalate. The wetting agent is polyethylene glycol. The defoamer is polyether-modified silicone defoamer. The thixotropic agent is hydrogenated castor oil. The leveling agent is fluorine-modified acrylic leveling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acid value of synthetic resin is 120-300. The rosin derivative is chosen from dehydrogenated rosin, disproportionated rosin and polymerized rosin. The rosin ester containing residual carboxylic acid group and is chosen from dehydrogenated rosin ester, disproportionated rosin ester and polymerized rosin ester. The colorant is acid-resistant colorant. The thickening agent is chosen from methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, fumed silica and organic bentonite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Glue comprises 45 pts. wt. methyl room temperature vulcanization silicone rubber, 80 pts. wt. alpha , omega - dihydroxy polydimethylsiloxane, 12 pts. wt. methyl silicone oil, 53 pts. wt. filler, 5 pts. wt. thixotropic agent, 0.3 pts. wt. catalytic curing agent, 0.1 pts. wt. light stabilizer, 0.6 pts. wt. coupling agent and 4 pts. wt. colorant. The alpha , omega - dihydroxy polydimethylsiloxane has structural formula (I). Preferred Components: The filler is heavy calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin or diatomaceous earth. The thixotropic agent is fumed silica, nano-calcium carbonate, bentonite, silicon polyethers or hydrogenated castor oil. The catalytic curing agent is dibutyl tin dilaurate, dibutyl tin diacetate or tin oxide acetyl acetate ester complex. The light stabilizer is 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6- tetramethyl piperidine or hexamethylphosphoric triamide. The coupling agent is 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane. The colorant comprises titanium dioxide and basic pigment in weight ratio of 30:70.n=500-1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 1.2-1.5 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), mixture of palladium acetate and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine in a molar ratio of 1:4-8, or mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl in a molar ratio of 1:4-8. The molar ratio of solute of alkali solution with respect to compound (A) is 20:1. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Process: The reaction product is extracted with methanol and n-hexane, and then with chloroform as solvent, and dried.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The dithiophene benzotriazole side chain-containing polymer (I) is prepared by adding 7,17-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,12-diazapentacyclo-icosa-1,3(11),4(9),5,7,12,14(19),15,17-nonaene derivative of formula (II) (A) and 4-(5-((E)-2-(2,5-dibromothiophen-3-yl)ethenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-7-(thiophen-2-yl)-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazole derivative of formula (III) (B) in molar ratio of 1:2-2.4 to alkali solution and catalyst in organic solvent in oxygen-free atmosphere, performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, cooling, separating, and purifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), mixture of palladium acetate and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine in a molar ratio of 1:4-8, or mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl in a molar ratio of 1:4-8. The molar ratio of solute of alkali solution with respect to compound (A) is 20:1. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Process: The reaction product is extracted with methanol and n-hexane, and then with chloroform as solvent, and dried.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The dithienylbenzotriazole side chain-containing polymer (I) is prepared by adding 7,17-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,12-diazapentacyclo-icosa-1,3(11),4(9),5,7,12,14(19),15,17-nonaene derivative of formula (II) (A) and 4-(5-((E)-2-(2,5-dibromothiophen-3-yl)ethenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-7-(thiophen-2-yl)-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazole derivative of formula (III) (B) in molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 to alkali solution and catalyst in organic solvent in oxygen-free atmosphere, performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, cooling, separating, and purifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand in a molar ratio of 1:4-8. The organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organic phosphine ligand is tri(o-tolyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The reaction product is extracted with methanol and n-hexane, and then with chloroform as solvent, and dried.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The dithienylethylene-based copolymer (I) is prepared by adding 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(11-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,8-bis(thiophen-2-yl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo-dodeca-1(9),2,5,7,11-pentaen-5-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane derivative of formula (II) (A) and 2-bromo-5-((E)-2-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)ethenyl)thiophene (B) in molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 to organic solvent containing dissolved catalyst in oxygen-free environment, performing Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, cooling to room temperature, separating, and purifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode comprises layer(s) of film formed using gold, silver, fluorine-doped tin oxide and indium-tin oxide, preferably indium-tin oxide. The cathode comprises layer(s) of film formed using barium, calcium, magnesium, indium, aluminum, ytterbium, silver, silver-calcium alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy and magnesium-silver alloy, preferably calcium-aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The naphthalene-based conjugated polymers are preferably chosen from poly((E)-6-(5-(4,8-bis(5-(2-hexyl-decanoyl)thiophen-2-yl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)naphthalen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-1,1'-bis(2-hexyl-decyl)-(3,3'-bis(alkylene-dihydro-indolyl))- 2,2-dione), poly(1,1'-(5,5'-(3-(5-(benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-7-(thiophen-2-yl)naphthalen-1,5-diyl)bis(thien-5,2-diyl))bis(2-hexyl-decyl-1-one)) and poly(1-(5-(4,8-bis(5-(2-hexyl-decanoyl)thiophen-2-yl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)naphthalen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-5-octyl-4H-thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione). The film further comprises electron acceptor material chosen from (6,6)-phenyl-61C-methyl butyrate, (6,6)-phenyl-71C-methyl butyrate, (6,6)- phenyl-85C-methyl butyrate, (6,6)-phenyl-61C butyl butyrate and indene-60C diadduct. The photoactive layer further comprises electron acceptor material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The device further comprises hole-injection layer comprising comprises mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(styrene sulfonate), between photoactive layer and anode. Preferred Definitions:    G1,G2=ethenyl, ethynyl, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl naphthyl, azulenyl, anthryl, tetraphenyl, pyrenyl, thienyl, thiophenyl or thieno-thiophenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer consists of a polyamide and/or polyoxymethylene and/or polyetheretherketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phosphoric acid is within the silica network, where the silica network is a tetrahedral network. The solid electrolyte is elastically deformable. Preferred Composition: The ratio of silicon to phosphorous in the solid electrolyte is about 1:4. Preferred Parameters: The conductivity of the solid electrolyte exceeds 200 or 300 milli-Siemens (mS)/cm at 100 degrees C. Preferred Process: Preparing solid electrolyte further involves contacting the homogenous solution with a substrate, where removing water from the homogeneous solution to yield the solid electrolyte coats at least a portion of the substrate with the solid electrolyte to yield a coated substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is porous. It comprises a mesh, a matrix, a screen, a porous paper, or a porous polymer. The substrate is flexible. It is coated with the solid electrolyte, or is impregnated with the solid electrolyte. The substrate is proton conductive or proton conductive membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic semiconductor portion of primary compound contains heterocyclic 5-membered ring, and optionally substituted thiophene diyl group. The organic semiconductor portion of primary compound is a heterocyclic portion of formula (II), preferably of formula (III) or (IV). The organic semiconductor portion contains a monovalent group having hydrophobicity. The monovalent group is derived from a polymer containing insulating portion having hydrophilic property, and has polyethylene oxide chain. The bonding region is capable of decomposing with respect to light, heat, acid, or alkali, and contains acetal linkage, ester bond, or ether bond. The primary compound is of formulae (V)-(VII).X=-C=C-, -CC-, or -N=N-;m=0 or 1;n,q,s,p,n=1 or more;andR0-R4,Z,X2=H, halo, 1-20C alkyl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, 3-20C cycloalkoxy, 1-20C alkylthio, 3-20C cycloalkylthio, or 2-20C monovalent aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbyl, monovalent heterocyclyl or monovalent aryl (all optionally substituted). Preferred Definitions:    Z=n-butyl, chloro, or bromo;and    R0-R4=n-hexyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal salt is lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): The polymer is obtained by polymerizing ester-containing monomer of formula: H2C=C(-R)-C(=O)-O-Rx (III) and cyano group-containing monomer of formula (IV). Preferred Composition: The polymer is of formula (V). The mass ratio of metal salt with respect to polymer contained in the solid electrolyte is 1-9. The solid electrolyte further contains a solvent.n=0-10. Preferred Definitions:    Rx=group of formula: -CH2-O-CH2-CH2-CN (vi) or (vii).    EXAMPLE - 1 g Tris(cyanoethoxymethyl)aminomethane, 50 mL anhydrous acetonitrile, and 0.68 g Karenz MOI-EG (RTM: 2-(2-methacryloyloxyethyloxy)ethyl isocyanate) were added to a round bottom flask in the argon atmosphere, and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. 0.01 g Azobisisobutyronitrile was added to the mixture and the mixture was stirred at 60 degrees C for 24 hours. The obtained solution was reprecipitated after stirring using methanol. The solvent was removed from the mixture under reduced pressure, to obtain polymer having weight average molecular weight of 96000 as measured by gel permeation chromatography, with a yield of 60.2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid-anhydride group contains unit based on citraconic-acid anhydride and/or unit based on itaconic anhydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The component (C) is polystyrene resin containing oxazoline ring. The volume ratio of components (A) and (B) is 40/60-99.9/0.1. The content of component (C) is 0.01-20 parts mass. The composition further contains compound containing amino group and carboxy group, which is polyamide resin. The composition further contains polyester resin. The composition has micro layer separation structure having continuous phase and dispersed phase. The continuous phase is ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. The dispersed phase is polycarbonate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active material comprises silicon oxide of formula: SiOx, where x is 1.5 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is alginate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The density of positive mix layer and negative mix layer is 3.25 g/cm3 or less, and 1.55 g/cm3 or less, respectively. The sum total thickness of positive mix layer and negative mix layer is 200 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte is 3-propane sultone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gelatinizer is oxetane ring-containing polymer. The oxetane ring-containing polymer is copolymer containing structural unit derived from (meth)acrylic-type monomer containing oxetane ring, and a structural unit derived from the another monomer containing a polymerizable vinyl group. The separator comprises porous layer (A) comprising resin having melting point of 140 degrees C or less, and resin which does not melts at 150 degrees C or less and porous layer (B) containing inorganic filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first electrode is made of indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The second electrode is made of gold, lithium fluoride/aluminium, magnesium and calcium/aluminium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The device comprises a non-photoactive organic layer made of dimethyl, diphenyl and phenanthrolin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device comprises a small molecule organic acceptor material selected from fullerenes, perylenes, pyrene and coronene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrodes are made of silver, copper, gold, iron, aluminum, nickel, titanium, chromium, and molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (D) is alkoxide compound or chelate compound. The liquid (A) containing isocyanate compound contains isocyanurate-modified component of aliphatic isocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The liquid (B) containing saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer contains saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer containing 15-80 wt.% vinyl acetate residue units.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The template contains colloid crystals formed on the gas diffusion layer by evaporating polymeric colloidal suspension. The polymeric colloidal particles contain polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylate, poly-( alpha )-methylstyrene, polybenzyl methacrylate, polyphenyl methacrylate, polydiphenyl methacrylate, polycyclohexyl methacrylate, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, or styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The temperature-dependent thermal conductivity material is formed of nylon, propylene, alkane and paraffin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The outer sheath layer further contains 1-2 pts. wt. stearate, 1-3 pts. wt. slip agent EVA3, 0.1-1 pt. wt. lubricant, 2-6 pts. wt. antioxidant, 1-4 pts. wt. silicone oil, 4-8 pts. wt. photosensitizer, 0.1-1 pt. wt. soybean oil, and 2-4 pts. wt. carbon black. The insulating layer contains 12-16 pts. wt. ethylene-vinyl acetate, 20-24 pts. wt. POE, 18-22 pts. wt. high-density polyethylene, 12-16 pts. wt. EMDP, 1-4 pts. wt. LYMB silicone masterbatch, 13-17 pts. wt. graft material, 70-78 pts. wt. aluminum hydroxide, 1-2 pts. wt. silane coupling agent, 1-2 pts. wt. silicone oil, 2-6 pts. wt. antioxidant, 6-10 pts. wt. photosensitizer, 1-2 pts. wt. stearic acid, and 1-2 pts. wt. slip agent EVA3. Preferred Property: The insulating layer and outer sheath layer form a chain network structure by electron-accelerated radiation crosslinking.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The front package glue film and packaging film generates a crosslinking reaction under UV light irradiation in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The crosslinking reaction is performed under UV light irradiation and vinyl olefin copolymer or ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar panel is made of efficient crystalline silicon solar cells, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), triphenyltin (TPT) backplane transparent and aluminum frame, and tempered glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The boron carbide ceramic comprises 93-95 wt.% boron carbide, 1.5-1.7 wt.% magnesium oxide, 1.7-1.9 wt.% barium carbonate and 2.5-2.7 wt.% clay.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high-strength and corrosion-resistant composite 612 nylon material comprises 85-86 wt.% nylon 612 resin, 5.1-5.3 wt.% glass fibers, 0.8-0.9 wt.% anti-aging agent, 1.3-1.5 wt.% wear-resistant agent, 2.7-2.9 wt.% hardener, 2.2-2.4 wt.% and remainder of flame retardant or antistatic agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The nickel-manganese alloy material comprises 12.6-12.8 wt.% nickel, 6.2-6.4 wt.% manganese, 2.6-2.8 wt.% chromium, 1.2-1.4 wt.% molybdenum, 2.2-2.4 wt.% tungsten, 1.1-1.3 wt.% niobium, 1-1.2 wt.% carbon, and remainder of iron and unavoidable impurities comprising less than 0.05 wt.% tin , less than 0.20 wt.% silicon, less than 0.012 wt.% sulfur and less than 0.015 wt.% phosphorus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The tellurium-bismuth-oxygen system glass powder consists of 30-80% tellurium oxide, 1-15% bismuth oxide, 0.5-6% silicon oxide, 1-10% surfactant metal compounds, 0.5-12% zinc oxide, 0-3% aluminum oxide, 0-5% bismuth trifluoride, 0-3% erbium oxide, 0-3% lanthanum oxide, 0-2% zirconium oxide, 0-4% R2O, 0-2% Magnesium oxide, 0-4% Barium oxide, 0-3% phosphorus pentoxide and 0-25% boron trioxide, where the surfactant compound contains metal of vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, hafnium, chromium or niobium oxide or fluoride, and R2O contains lithium, sodium or potassium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is selected from dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, dodecyl alcohol esters, butyl carbitol, terpineol, diethyl phthalate and dimethyl phthalate, and the thickening agent is selected from rosin esters, rosin ester, maleic acid butyrate cellulose ester wax, polymethyl methacrylate and acrylic ester and alkyd resin, the organic thixotropic agent is selected from hydrogenated castor oil and polyolefin wax, the wetting and dispersing agent is selected from lecithin and tributyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The metal-insulation line and the metal line are made of glass material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non silver metal welding silk is pure tin and/or tin alloy. The tin alloy is tin-zinc alloy, tin-zinc-bismuth alloy andor tin-zinc-bismuth-antimony alloy. The fluoroborate is zinc fluoborate, ammonium fluoborate and/or fluoboric cadmium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The braze welding agent is triethanolaminefluoborate type braze welding agent. Preferred Composition: The triethanolaminefluoborate type braze welding agent comprises 5.0-30 mass parts fluoborate, 3.0-25 mass parts organic adhesive and 60-95 mass parts triethanolamine. The organic adhesive is ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, alkyd resin, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, phenolic aldehyde epoxy resin, resin and/or polyketone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode active material includes lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron oxide, lithium vanadium oxide, sulfur or sulfide, or polyhydric ternary complex compound and polyanion cathode material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode active material include carbon material, carbon-containing compound and non-carbon material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The insulation film having a porous structure is ionic conduction electron insulated self-supporting film including polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene copolymers, propylene, polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, polyamide and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis-trifluoromethyl sulfonamide, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and/or lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonate organic solvent is cyclic carbonate and/or linear carbonate compounds. The cyclic carbonate compound is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, gamma - butyrolactone and/or butylene carbonate. The linear carbonate compound is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl carbonate ethyl ester and/or straight-chain or branched-chain aliphatic monoalcohol carbonate derivative of carbonic acid having 3-8 carbon atoms. The ether-based organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, dimethoxymethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and/or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The functional additives are acetonitrile, biphenyl, vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluoro-substituted ethylene carbonate, propylene sulfite, propylene carbonate, 1,3-(1-propene) sultone, ethylene sulfite, ethylene sulfate, cyclohexylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-amyl benzene and/or styrene-butadiene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) imide, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium difluoro oxalato borate and/or lithium bis-oxalatoborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonate organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, carbonate dimethyl, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, fluoro ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, fluoroethylene, fluorinated propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate and/or bis-vinyl esters. The ether-based organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,2- dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, methyl perfluoro butyl ether, ethyl perfluoro butyl ether, ethyl propyl ether and/or fluoroether. The sulfone-based solvent is sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, n-butyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfone, phenyl sulfone and/or methyl ethyl sulfone. The functional additive is succinonitrile, adiponitrile, ethylene carbonate, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene acrylic acid ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Reaction is carried out for 2-10 hours at 80 degrees C and 160 degrees C for 2-5 hours. Preferred Component: The organic solvent is N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide or ethyl acetate. The perfluorinated sulfonamide anion exchange film is of formula (I), where n is 5-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Glue comprises 45 pts. wt. methyl room temperature vulcanization silicone rubber, 12 pts. wt. methyl alpha -polyethylene oxide crosslinkable end groups of silane, 32 pts. wt. filler, 2 pts. wt. catalytic curing agent, 5 pts. wt. coupling agent and 4 pts. wt. color paste. Preferred Components: The alpha -methyl polyethylene oxide end groups of the crosslinkable silane is 3-hydroxypropyl trimethoxysilane, hydroxypropyl methyl dimethoxysilane, 3-hydroxypropyl triethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl)tris(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)silane or 3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane. The filler is mixture of 60 wt.% calcium carbonate and 40 wt.% titanium dioxide. The catalytic curing agent is dibutyl tin dilaurate, dibutyl tin diacetate, tin oxide complex or ethyl acetoacetate. The coupling agent is silane coupling agent ND42. The color paste comprises titanium dioxide and basic pigment in weight ratio of 30:70.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of electrolyte film and TiO2 nanotube is 5:0.5-1. The alkaline is 0.5-4 M sodium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is 5-8 wt.% dimethyl sulfoxide. The quaternizing agent is 33 wt.% trimethylamine solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The anionic polyether sulfone polymer is of formula diphenyl sulfone containing derivative (I).X=groups of formulae (Ia)-(Ic); andY'=-C(O)-, -OSO-, or -C(CF3)2-.Preferred Method: The milling is carried out at 300 revolutions/minute for more than 1 hour. The drying is carried out at 60-140 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: Glass powder is lead-containing glass powder containing lead content of 30-65 wt.%. Glass powder is lead metasilicate glass powder or lead borosilicate glass powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Silver powder (II) is sheet-shaped silver powder, and has particle size of preferably 1-6 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier contains 10-15 wt.% binder and 20-40 wt.% organic solvent. The organic solvent is terpineol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, N-butyl ester, butylcarbitol and/or dodecyl acrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is hexyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, alkyd resin and/or acrylic resin.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Triphenylamine-benzothiadiazole derivatives are specifically claimed e.g. 2-((5-(7-(5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylidene)propanedinitrile of formula (Ia), 2-((5-(7-(5-((E)-2-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)ethenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylidene)propanedinitrile, 2-((5-(7-(5-(4-((4-(4-((4-(4-(7-(5-(2,2-dicyanoeth-1-en-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)phenyl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)phenyl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylidene)propanedinitrile and 2-((5-(7-(5-((E)-2-(4-((4-(4-((4-((E)-2-(4-(7-(5-(2,2-dicyanoeth-1-en-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)ethenyl)phenyl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)phenyl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)ethenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylidene)propanedinitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand in a molar ratio of 1:4-8. The organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organic phosphine ligand is tri(o-tolyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Process: The reaction product is extracted with methanol and n-hexane, and then with chloroform as solvent, and dried.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The dithiophene vinyl copolymer (I) is prepared by adding trimethyl(10-(trimethylstannyl)-3,11-dithiatricyclo(6.3.0.02,6)undeca-1(8),2(6),4,9-tetraen-4-yl)stannane derivative of formula (II) (A) and 2-bromo-5-((E)-2-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)ethenyl)thiophene (B) in molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 to organic solvent containing dissolved catalyst in oxygen-free environment, performing Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, cooling to room temperature, separating, and purifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrode substrate comprises a metal nitride selected from a group comprising titanium nitride, vanadium nitride, chromium nitride, niobium nitride, zirconium nitride, tantalum nitride, hafnium nitride, silicon nitride, gallium nitride and lithium nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Non-silicon metal is chosen from aluminum, titanium, vanadium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, lanthanum, and tantalum, preferably aluminum and zirconium. Ratio of silicon and non-silicon metal is less than or equal to 1. Coating layer consists of mesoporous alumina or mesoporous zirconia. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of coating layer is 1-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline earth oxide is magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide or barium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (A), comprises reacting alcohols of formulae (III) and/or (IV) with a 1-18C mono- or dialkylsulfate or 1-18C mono- or dialkylsulfonate as alkylating agent in the presence of an alkaline earth metal oxide to obtain (A). Preferred Components: The reaction is carried out in the presence of reaction solvent including polar aprotic solvents or cyclic ethers, preferably oxirane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane or crown ether. The alkylating agent is 1-18C mono- or dialkylsulfate. Preferred Definitions:    R3-R5 = methyl.    EXAMPLE - Mixture of 60 g ethoxylated (n is equal to 2) glycerol-1,2-formal and -1,3-formal was dissolved in 200 ml 1,3-dioxolane containing 41.3 g dimethyl sulfate at room temperature, 49 g barium oxide was added for 75 minutes, and the temperature was increased to 30 degrees C to obtain a reaction mixture. Then the reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature and then filtered through celite, and the celite was washed with dichloromethane to obtain a crude product. The crude product was filtered through 100g basic alumina, solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by distillation to obtain 50 g mixture of glycerol endcapped formal-polyether having hydroxy content of less than 0.2% at boiling point of 64-125 degrees C under 0.1 mbar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first layer and second layer comprise a polymeric material selected from polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate), poly(styreneco-acrylonitrile) and poly( methy1 methacrylate-co-styrene-co-acrylonitrile).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average primary particle diameter of hollow silica particles (A) is 75 nm or less. The average primary particle diameter of silica particle (B) is 50 nm or less. Preferred Composition: The content of hollow silica particles (A) is 3-90 %mass with respect to total content of hollow silica particles (A) and silica particles (B). The content of hollow silica particles (A) and silica particles (B) is 1-60 %mass and 5-95 wt.%, respectively with respect to total solid content of aqueous coating agent. The total content of hollow silica particles (A) and silica particles (B) is 30 %mass or less with respect to total solid content of aqueous coating agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aqueous coating agent further comprises a catalyst which accelerates condensation of siloxane oligomer, and antistatic agent. The content of siloxane oligomer (I) is 3-70 %mass with respect to total solid content of aqueous coating agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material is made of one type chosen from a group which consists of acid-modified polyolefin-based resin, a silane modification polyolefin resin, an ionomer, ethylene-(meth)acrylic-acid copolymer, and rubber-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polypropylene-based composite material comprises a polypropylene, olefin polymer in addition to the polypropylene, polyethylene, inorganic filler, anti-ultraviolet additive, toughening agent and antioxidant. The olefinic polymer is selected from one or more of polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-based composite material comprises an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, inorganic filler, anti-ultraviolet additive and an antioxidant. The polymer is selected from one or more of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonates, polyethylene naphthalate, and polybutylene terephthalate and polymethyl methacrylate. The toughening agent is selected from one or more of a maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene, maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate and a polyolefin elastomer (POE). The inorganic filler is selected from one or more of calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, montmorillonite, kaolin, barium sulfate and hydrotalcite. The anti-ultraviolet additive is selected from one or more of salicylates, benzophenones, benzotriazoles, substituted acrylonitriles, triazines and hindered amines. The antioxidant is selected from one or more of aromatic amines, hindered phenols and phosphites.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The semiconductor layer is formed from a material selected from semi-conductive metal oxides or sulfides, the oxides selected from a group consisting of titanium, tin, zinc, gallium, niobium, tantalum, indium, neodymium, palladium, cadmium, nickel, vanadium or copper, molybdenum, or tungsten, and the metal sulfides selected from a group consisting of sulfides of zinc or cadmium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acryl-type copolymer (A) is a copolymer containing (meth)acryloyl-type monomer having tertiary amino group, as a copolymerization component. Preferred Property: The glass transition temperature of the acryl-type copolymer (A) is 20 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Urethane resin is urethane resin which contains aliphatic polycarbonate polyol as structural component. Mass ratio (urethane resin/block isocyanate) of application layer is 1/9-9/1. Preferred Parameters: In infrared spectroscopy spectrum of application layer, ratio (A1460/A1530) of light absorbance (A1460) of peak derived from aliphatic polycarbonate component at 1460 cm-1 vicinity and light absorbance (A1530) of peak derived from urethane component at 1530 cm-1 vicinity is 0.5-1.55.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: Inorganic oxide particle contains glass frit particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Organic-coated inorganic oxide particle is prepared by obtaining mixture of inorganic oxide particle and coating agent in greater than or equal to 1 solvent, agitating mixture, and removing solvent. Electroconductive composition is subjected to thermal treatment steps and/or light curing steps. Preferred Parameters: Inorganic oxide particle has specific surface area of 0.25-100 m2/g, preferably 0.25-10 m2/g. Preferred Compositions: Electroconductive contains 0.1-15 wt.%, preferably 0.8-5 wt.% inorganic oxide particles based on 100 wt.% total weight of electroconductive composition. Conductive metallic particles are silver, copper, gold, aluminum, nickel, platinum, palladium, molybdenum, and/or their alloys, preferably silver. Electroconductive composition contains 30-99 wt.%, preferably 70-95 wt.% conductive metallic particles based on 100 wt.% total weight of the composition. Electroconductive composition contains 0.01-70 wt.%, preferably 5-20 wt.% organic vehicle based on 100 wt.% total weight of the composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Organic coating has the ability to form hydrogen bonds or organic compound having greater than or equal to 1 group containing a heteroatom. Preferred Components: Organic coating is selected from amines, fatty acids, copolymers with acidic groups, acrylic acids, phosphoric acid esters, polymer salts having an acid group, carboxylic acid esters having hydroxyl group, fatty amides, carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids, organic acid anhydrides, acrylic copolymers, phosphates of copolymer, alkyl ammonium salts of block copolymer, modified acrylic block copolymers, modified acrylic block copolymers, and/or their salts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: When the protective coating is made of the combination of silicone and PVDF resin, silicone and PVDF resin account for 70% and 30% of solid content of the protective coating, respectively. When the protective coating is made of the phosphor-containing organic material, the phosphor and the organic material account for not less than 10% and 10-100% of solid content of the phosphor-containing organic material, respectively. Preferred Parameters: The protective coating has a refractive index of 1.4-4.8. It has a thickness not not greater than 30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solid electrolytic membrane contains a polymeric compound having weight average molecular weight of 10000 or more, and lithium salt as metal salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal element compound is made as four phenyl tin, tetrabutyl tin, dibutyl tin laurate and dilaurate and dioctyl tin. Silver compound is behenic acid silver, silver lauric acid, silver palmitic, stearic acid silver, carboxyl stearic acid silver, and silver oleic acid and capric acid silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic solvent is selected from terpineol, dibutyl phthalate, butyl carbitol, turpentine oil, and ethanediol monobutyl ether, butyl carbitol acetate, diethyl ether, ethanediol tributyl citrate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, dibutyl phthalate, tributyl phosphate. The tin compound is four phenyl tin, tetrabutyl, four tin ethyl and phenyl trimethyl tin, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyl laurate second octyl, and maleic acid second butyl tin and maleic acid octyl tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thickening agent is made of ethyl cellulose, modified phenolic resin or epoxy resin, lubricant is cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol, and the thixotropic agent is modified hydrogenated castor oil or polyamide wax powder. The lead compound is set as four phenyl lead, four butyl lead, four lead and preparing ethyl trimethyl phenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hollow glass microballoons have particle diameter of 1-5 mu m, wall thickness of 20-25%, compressive strength of 1-10 MPa and relative density of 8-1.2 g/cm3, and is processed with silane coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A functional group-containing compound of formula: X2-A-X2 and pyrrole derivative of formula (Ia) are reacted, to obtain polymer (I).Z1,Z2=Z3;X1=halo, -B(OH)2, -B(OR20)2, 3,3,4,4-tetramethylborolan-1-yl, BFK3 or -Sn(R21)(R22)(R23);X2=-Sn(R21)(R22)(R23);andR20-R23=1-10C alkyl.Preferred Composition: The polymer (I) is preferably of formulae (II)-(VI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method comprises rolling P-type and n-type polyaniline according to ratio of 3:1 on indium tin oxide film and aluminum foil to obtain the solar battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The bifunctional epoxy resin includes at least one of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether type epoxy resin, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether type epoxy resin, polyolefin added bisphenol A diglycidyl ether type epoxy resin, polyolefin added bisphenol F diglycidyl ether type epoxy resin, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether type epoxy resin, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether type epoxy resin and cycloaliphatic diglycidyl ether type epoxy resin. The mixing amount of carbon nanotube is 1-10 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. hybrid epoxy resin composition. Preferred Method: In the step (b), oxidation is carried out at 45-60 degrees C for 6-12 hours. EXAMPLE - 100 g Safflower seed oil, 24.5 g glacial acetic acid, 29 g amberlite and 40 g toluene were introduced into a reactor at 55 degrees C, 91.68 g hydrogen peroxide was slowly added, then reacted for 12 hours, the reaction was terminated, repeatedly washed and filtered with sodium carbonate and distilled water, then anhydrous sodium sulfate was added into the obtained reaction product to remove water, filtered, and dried at 80 degrees C to obtain epoxidized safflower oil. 90 wt.% diglycidyl ether bisphenol A having density of 1.16 g/cm3 and viscosity of 12000 cps and 10 wt.% epoxidized safflower oil were mixed to obtain hybrid green epoxy resin composition. Then 2 pts. wt. carbon nanotubes were added into 100 pts. wt. hybrid green epoxy resin composition, modified cycloaliphatic amine curing agent was mixed in an equivalent ratio 1:1, and reacted to obtain the epoxy resin composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The method involves selecting drainage field for bed covered by a plastic film and is dehydrated. The inoculum is placed transversely in a parallel code with the stacking number of columns on the triangle-shaped gable roof with width of 70 cm. The distance between the wall is 40 cm. There is no gap between mountain wall and wall of fill to make roof shape side slope. The greenhouse is covered with a thin plastic film. The periphery is fixed and sealed to carry out anaerobic fermentation. Solar energy is used in winter during the day and covered with curtains at night. The yard wall is dried and plastic film is opened after fermentation and side cover is opened. The upright bag is turned into the yard horizontally and fixed in the wall. The bag is pressed and gable wall surface is formed parallel to the roof like slope formed between the wall. The roof-like slopes and walls of pillars are covered with a plastic film and surrounded by a fixed compaction to set the air inlet and outlet. The air is dried from the place and bacterial contamination is reduced to carry out aerobic fermentation. The membrane temperature is high so ventilation is increased and drying is accelerated after the completion of aerobic fermentation. The plastic film is removed when winter temperatures drop below zero. The obtained product is lyophilized, dried and lees fermentation is performed for the production of brown liquid used for dilution and grass dregs. The grass residues are pressed to inoculate grass juice. The product is fermented continuously, recycled and inoculated with liquid lactic acid bacteria for strengthening and lees fermentation is performed. The product is dried and concentrated as concentrated lactic acid bacteria and the obtained product is stored.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon precursor is sucrose and the liquid carrier is sulfuric acid solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw materials used comprise 25 wt.% silica, 4.9 wt.% alumina, 0.6 wt.% calcium oxide, 0.8 wt.% magnesium oxide, 0.9 wt.% potassium oxide, 1.4 wt.% sodium oxide, 0.3 wt.% ferric oxide, 1.9 wt.% cupric oxide, 3 wt.% cement, 2.8 wt.% fly ash, 1.8 wt.% closed-cell expanded perlite beads, 0.6 wt.% barium hydroxide, 0.3 wt.% carboxymethyl starch, 6.1 wt.% sodium acetate trihydrate, 0.1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.1 wt% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.1 wt.% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and water (balance amount).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes organic solvent that is dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and/or dimethylformamide, a non-volatile solvent that is methyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran and/or normal hexane, and a poor solvent that is water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and/or isopropyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particulate carbonaceous material is KB300, KB600, Super P (RTM: Conductive carbon black), BP2000, acetylene black or graphite. The one dimensional linear carbon material is single walled or multi-walled carbon nanotube, carbon fiber or carbon cloth.The lithium compound is lithium sulfide, lithium oxide, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, lithium fluoride, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium sulfate, lithium manganate, lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate or lithium titanate. The metal oxide particle is alumina, silica, magnesium oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, ferrous oxide, ferric oxide, ferroferric oxide, tin dioxide, silicon dioxide, iron tetraoxide, sulfur trioxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, lead oxide, silver oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide, rhodium oxide or manganese oxide. The metal particle is iron, copper, silver, platinum, gold, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium or iridium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous separator is polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polybenzimidazole, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polysulfone, or glass ceramic. The electrically conductive polymer is polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene ethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyaniline, polypyrrole or polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by reacting 1,1'-(4,8-bis ((2-ethylhexyl) oxy) benzo (1,2-8:4,5-8') dithiophene-2,6-diyl) bis (1,1,1-trimethyltin), 4,6-bis-bromo-3-fluoro-2-carboxylic acid (2-ethylhexyl) ester-thieno (3,4-B) thiophene, pyridine-iridium 2,4-difluorophenyl 1,3-bis (4-bromophenyl) propane-1,3-dione, and catalyst, adding solvent, refluxing for 12-15 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, reacting with methanol, precipitating, filtering precipitate, washing with methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloroform, collecting chloroform phase, and performing suction filtration. Preferred Component: The molecular weight of compound (I) is 1000-2000000, preferably 10000-300000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer material (a) is polyvinyl butyral or polyetherimide, and has nanofiber content of 50-75 wt.%. The material (b) is poly(methyl methacrylate) or poly(vinylidene fluoride), and has nanofiber content of 25-50 wt.%. The spinning liquid comprises 10-15 wt.% material (a) and 5-10 wt.% material (b). The weight ratio of material (a) and material (b) is 1:1-3:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon nanomaterial is Vulcan XC-72 (RTM: conductive carbon black), carbon nanotubes and/or Ketchen Black (RTM: superconductive carbon black). The concentrated acid is concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated phosphoric acid. The cobalt salt is cobalt acetate, cobalt nitrate or cobalt chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The activated charcoal powder is commercial activated carbon powder having specific surface area of 1900 m2/g; and the conductive carbon black is acetylene black, Ketjen carbon or graphite. The binder is polytetrafluoroethylene. The dispersant is carboxycellulose. The solvent is water or alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkaline solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium bicarbonate solution. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (A) is 20:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is bistriphenylphosphine palladium dichloride or tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst comprises organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand in molar ratio of 1:4-8. The organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organic phosphine ligand is tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine or dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxy-(1,1'-biphenyl)-2-yl)phosphine. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-(7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenanthren-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane derivative of formula (A), 2,6-dibromo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione derivative of formula (B), organic solvent, catalyst and an alkali solution are mixed, and Suzuki coupling reaction is performed at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours. The reaction solution is cooled to room temperature, separated and purified, to obtain copolymer (I).The molar ratio of compound (A) and compound (B) is 1:1-1.2.R1,R2=1-20C alkyl
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The apparatus further comprises alkali metal-based compound, and transition metal compound from groups VIII and IB in the holding area (h1) or the holding area (h2), which in the presence of water catalyzes hydrogen production reaction involving metal or metal alloy and inorganic hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic hydride is inorganic complex metal hydride, preferably sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride and potassium borohydride. The alkali metal-based compound is chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, preferably sodium hydroxide. The transition metal compound is chosen from cobalt, cobalt chloride, cobalt bromide, cobalt iodide, cobalt nitrate, iron, iron(II) chloride, iron(III) chloride, ruthenium, ruthenium(III) chloride, copper, copper sulfate, platinum, chloroplatinic acid, nickel, nickel nitrate and nickel chloride, preferably cobalt chloride and iron chloride. The transition metal compound is supported on solid substrate chosen from alumina, silica, activated carbon and molecular sieves, preferably alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal or metal alloy is chosen from aluminum, magnesium, iron, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and iron alloy, preferably aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fiber optic cable is made of or coated with a laser cooling active material selected from gallium arsenide and cadmium sulphide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fiber optic cable is made of or coated with a laser cooling active material selected from Ytterbium and Cesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first lens is made of transparent polymeric material which is selected from polystyrene, low density polyethylene, polypropylene and polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The growth substrate is made of gallium arsenide (GaAs) and the epitaxially grown layer is made of III-V compounds. The epitaxially grown layer is an inverted triple junction solar cell. The material having a higher coefficient of thermal expansion is polyimide. The polyimide is Kapton (RTM: Polyimide) film, where the Kapton film having a layer of acrylic adhesive is Pyralux (RTM: Acrylic adhesive) manufactured by DuPont. The Pyralux comprises multiple layers of Kapton and acrylic adhesive. It is a laminate of multiple layers of LF0100, LF0110, LF0120, LF0130 and LF0150 having a total thickness of about 750 mu m. The substrate is made of the group of gallium nitride and silicon carbide. The material having a higher coefficient of thermal expansion is polyimide. The substrate is as-cut from boule. Preferred Parameters: The Pyralux is LF0120 having a layer of acrylic adhesive of 25 mu m thick and a layer of Kapton of 50 mu m thick. The polyimide has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 50-60x10-6/ degrees C. Preferred Process: Cooling is in liquid nitrogen. Thinning reduces the amount of lapping, polishing and chemical-mechanical polishing necessary to make the surface epi-ready. Thinning is applied to the backside of a substrate with completed devices on the front side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbonyl compound (1) is of formula: R2-C(-R1)=CH(-R3)-C(=O)-O-X''-COOH (2). The content of nonaqueous electrolyte is 90-99 %mass with respect to 100 %mass of gel electrolyte.X''=atomic group having 1-18 atoms in main chain and having molecular weight of 456 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The adhesive layer is formed using adhesive containing acrylic polymer (a1) having weight average molecular weight of 800000 or more. The acrylic polymer (a1) is obtained by polymerizing vinyl monomer component and (meth)acryl monomer component. Preferred Composition: The base material is foam base material. The content of vinyl monomer component is 1-5 %mass. Preferred Properties: The adhesive layer has thickness of 1-100 mu m. The foam base material has 25% compressive strength of 80 kPa or more and thickness of 1500 mu m or less. The glass transition temperature of polymer (a1) is 100 degrees C or more. The average cell diameter in the flow direction and the width direction of the foam substrate is 160 mu m or less. The ratio of average bubble diameter/thickness in flow direction of base material with respect to ratio of average bubble diameter/thickness in width direction of base material is with respect to or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amine compound is copolymer of dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, and another monomer chosen from (meth)acrylic acid alkylester monomer, (meth)acrylic acid hydroxy(alkoxy)-containing ester monomer, and (meth)acrylic acid-alicyclic, aromatic ring, heterocyclic ring, and vinyl radical-containing ester monomer. Preferred Properties: The boron nitride electrolyte material has charge-transfer resistance of 3-10 kilo( Omega ), relaxation time of 200 milliseconds or less, electroconductivity (dielectric constant) of less than 8 mu F, electrical storability of 7 mu F or more, and ionic dissociation property of 8 mu F or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron acceptor comprises phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, and the electron donor comprises copper(II) phthalocyanine, platinum octaethylporphyrin and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl). The electron donor further comprises polysiloxane carbazole, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, poly(l-methoxy-4-(O-disperse red 1)-2,5-phenylene-vinylene), polyindole, polycarbazole, polypyridazine, polyisothianaphthalene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylpyridine, polythiophene, polyfluorene and/or polypyridine and their derivatives. The weight ratio of copper(II) phthalocyanine, platinum octaethylporphyrin, phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) is 1:1:1:2. The photoactive layer material contains 0.5-2 wt.% copper(II) phthalocyanine. Preferred Properties: Each of at least three electron donors has a light absorption spectrum with one or more peak wavelengths, and at least one peak wavelength of one of the electron donors is different from peak wavelength of the other electron donors. At least three electron donors have different band gap energies.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The curing agent is chosen from free isocyanate curing agent and melamine curing agent. The composition further contains additive, co-solvent and pigment. The mass ratio of liquids (A) and (B) is 10:1-25:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorinated olefin monomer is vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, propylene, tetrafluoropropene, pentafluoropropene, hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene-butene and pentafluorobutene. The olefin monomer is alkyl vinyl ether monomer and/or alkyl vinyl ester monomer. The double bond-containing monomer is (meth)acrylic monomer, vinyl versatate monomer, vinyl acetate monomer and/or styrene monomer. The (meth)acrylic monomer is chosen from (meth)acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-pentyl acrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, ethoxylated 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethyl acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 2-(p-cumyl phenoxy) ethyl acrylate, iso-octyl acrylate, stearic methacrylate, isodecyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, caprolactone acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution comprises metal salt comprising cation chosen from lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and cesium, and anion chosen from tetrafluoroborate, perchlorate and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The photoelectrochemical polymerization is carried out using electrolyte comprising imidazolium, tetraalkyl ammonium, pyridinium and triazolium. Preferred Property: The weight-average molecular weight of block copolymer is 3000-300000. Preferred Composition: The block copolymer (I) comprises monomer chosen from 1,4-(bis-2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)ethynyl)-2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy) benzene, 1,4-bis-2-(3,4-ethylenedioxyethynyl)-2-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)) benzene, 1,4-bis-(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)ethynyl)-2,5- bistriethylene glycol methyl ether benzene and 2,3,2',3'-tetrahydro-(5,5')bi-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)-dioxy-carbonyl benzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The initiator comprises hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, diisopropylbenzene peroxide and/or methyl propylbenzene hydrogen peroxide. The emulsifier comprises sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkylhydroxy sulfonate, butyloctyl sulfonate and/or polyacrylamide. The silane coupling agent comprises KH-550-type silane coupling agent, KH-560-type silane coupling agent and/or KH-570-type silane coupling agent. The antioxidant comprises antioxidant 168 or antioxidant 1010. The lubricant comprises stearic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oil-soluble nano fluorescent paste is oil-soluble fluorescent yellow, fluorescent orange, fluorescent red, fluorescent purple, fluorescent blue, fluorescent green, fluorescent purple, fluorescence rose and/or red phosphor nano-paste. The fluorescent dye is organic rare-earth powder, organic fluorescent blue powder and/or organic fluorescent yellow powder. The antioxidant is 1,3,5-tris(4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1?,3?,5?)-trione/bis(2,4-cumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite complex, and/or 2,2'-methylene-bis-(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol). The crosslinking agent is bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinol)sebacate, N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,6-hexanediamine and/or 2,4-dichloro-6-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine polymer. The thickener is gamma -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma -aminopropyltriethoxysilane and/or gamma -aminopropyldimethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene vinyl acetate resin is Hyundai EF320, Singapore Polyolefin H2181, Mitsui Evaflex 150 (RTM: ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), and/or Mitsui Evaflex 550 (RTM: ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phase transition temperature regulator is chosen from sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The nucleating agent is strontium chloride, borax, vitriol and/or calcium sulfate. The inorganic mineral fiberboard comprises brucite fiber, sepiolite fiberboard, mullite fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, alumina fiber and/or glass fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Polyfluorene of formula (I) is prepared by polymerizing the monomer of formula (IV) in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a cocatalyst to obtain the polyfluorene of formula (I).R3=alkyl or alkyl or alkoxy substituted aryl group; andn=degree of polymerization.Preferred Components: Fullerene derivative of formula (V) is used in preparation process. Solvent is selected from mixed solution of toluene and water, and tetrahydrofuran and water.Ar'=groups of formulae (VI)-(VIII);R2=H, alkyl or alkoxy group; andy=1-6. Preferred Definitions:    R1=groups of formulae (II)-(III).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali liquid comprises potassium hydroxide solution or sodium hydroxide solution. Preferred Method: The dipping is done for 24-48 hours. The washing is done using deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonproton solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The difluoro monomer comprises 4,4'-difluorodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone and 4,4'-difluorobiphenyl and 3,3'-difluoro-biphenyl. The bishydroxy aromatic monomer comprises 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol, 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone, bisphenol A and 4,4'-biphenol. The mol ratio of monomer, N-bromosuccinimide and initiator is 1:0.1-1.5:0.01-0.075. The initiator is benzoyl peroxide or azobisisobutyronitrile. The functional agent comprises trimethoxyamine solution, methylguanidine, 1-methylimidazole and 1,2-dimethylimidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanostructure material comprises metal oxide nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric matrix material. The metal oxide nanoparticles comprise black oxide nanoparticles, manganese-zinc ferrites, cobalt ferrites, cobalt oxides or copper oxides, copper-chromium-oxide oxides, copper-iron-manganese-oxides. The dielectric matrix material includes ceramic, glass, or silica. The nanostructure material includes nanorods, a core-shell structure coated with nanoparticles. The core-shell structure includes yttrium oxide nano-shell. The nanostructure material includes thermally resistant core-shell particles having semiconductor, metal and metal oxide as cores. The thermally resistant core-shell particles comprise iron oxide-yttria, silicon germanium-yttria, or metal-yttria core-shell nanoparticles. The nanostructure material includes cobalt oxide, polymer beads, and a double layer coating structure. The antireflection layer includes magnesium fluoride. The double layer coating structure comprises a top layer including copper-iron-manganese oxide, and a bottom layer comprising copper(II) dichromium(III) tetraoxide. The nanostructure material includes semiconductor material including silicon, germanium, silicon-germanium, silicon boride, metal suicides, lead-tellurium, lead-selenium or lead sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrically conductive layer is made of silver or gold or gold 88/germanium 12 or aluminum material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar cell interconnector is embedded in silicone. The substrate layer is made of polyimide or ETFE material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The total light transmittance of sealing resin layer according to the specification of Japanese industrial standards (JIS) K7375 (2008) is 50% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Component (B) is greater than or equal to 1 copolymer selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, and ethylene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, ethylene-based ionomer, or polyvinyl butyral resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The screen containing a thin film photovoltaic array comprise a substrate made of glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The screen containing thin film photovoltaic cells includes pair of electrodes made of materials such as indium tin oxide, titanium-titanium oxide films.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The screen containing thin film photovoltaic cells comprises amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), cadmium telluride, organic materials, dye-sensitized materials. The screen containing thin film photovoltaic cells includes pair of electrodes made of materials such as transparent patterned metal grids, eutectic gallium indium, titanium, aluminum, gold, silver, platinum, copper, graphite, graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The screen containing thin film photovoltaic cells includes pair of electrodes made of materials such as poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(styrenesulfonate), polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polypyrrole, and polyaniline. The screen containing a thin film photovoltaic arrays comprise a substrate made of metal foils, steel, polymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene sulphonate, polyethylene napthalate, liquid crystal polymer, thermoplastic ethylene-tetracyc1ododecene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer forming the container is a polyolefin, preferably polypropylene or polyethylene, reinforced polymer such as glass fiber reinforced polymer e.g. glass fiber reinforced polypropylene. The cover is made of a plastic chosen from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene, and polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive coating layer is selected among indium tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, antimony doped tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide, graphene and carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper and lower substrates comprise glass, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent has a plasticizer, which is made of the dipropyleneglycoldibenzoate, where a binder is made of ethylcellulose, butylcarbitol and terpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reflection material is made of calcium carbon, aluminium hydroxide, aluminum oxide or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base medium material is made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin, polyvinyl butyral or butyl glue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrically conductive adhesive composition further comprises a flux activator, where the flux activator has a hydroxy group and a carboxy group. In the electrically conductive adhesive composition, a reaction start temperature of the thermosetting resin and the thermal cationic polymerization initiator is 30-200 degrees C. Preferred Components: The electrically conductive particles are present at 5-95 mass%. The metal of the electrically conductive particles contains at least one of bismuth, indium, tin and zinc. The thermosetting resin contains an epoxy resin. The thermal cationic polymerization initiator releases at least one of an inorganic ion containing an antimony atom, an inorganic acid ion containing a phosphorus atom, and an organic acid ion containing a boron atom, by heating. EXAMPLE - 27.3 parts by mass of YL-980 (RTM: Bisphenol A-type epoxy resin) and 2.7 parts by mass of San-Aid SI-60L (RTM: Thermal cationic polymerization initiator) were mixed and passed through triple-rolls three times to obtain the adhesive component. 70 parts by mass Tin(42)-bismuth(58) solder particles (which have the average particle size 20 mu m and the melting point of 138 degrees C, and were electrically conductive particles) were added to 30 parts by mass of the adhesive component, stirring was performed using a planetary mixer. Additionally, defoaming treatment was performed at less than or equal to 500 Pa for 10 minutes to obtain the electrically conductive adhesive composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode forming paste composition further comprises carboxylic acid. The amine-based compound is diamine-based compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carrier material includes polyurethane with polyol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The substitution reaction involves reacting sulfonic acid and lithium hydroxide to obtain lithium sulfonate and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The 4G router comprises a 4G antenna, a 4G radio frequency module, 4G base-band, a WIFI module and a WIFI antenna.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The charging battery is formed as a quadratic lithium battery and made of lithium cobaltate, nickel cobalt manganese ternary lithium salt, lithium or nickel lithium manganate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The shell body is made of metal alloy and engineering plastic or rubber metal composite material manufacture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antiblocking agent is a mixture of 20-45 wt.% calcium carbonate and alumina.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of resin (A) is 50 %mass or more with respect to the resin components in the composition (C1). The resin (A) is contains linear low-density polyethylene (A). The resin (B) contains linear low-density polyethylene (B). The ratio of thickness of heat-resistant layer and thickness of flexible layer is 1:30-1:10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal cation is chosen from copper ion, divalent copper ion, divalent iron ion, trivalent iron ion, divalent lead ion, tetravalent lead ion, divalent tin ion, tetravalent tin ion, divalent nickel ion, trivalent nickel ion, trivalent cerium ion, trivalent aluminum ion, lithium ion, divalent chromium ion, trivalent chromium ion, divalent manganese ion, trivalent manganese ion, divalent cobalt ion, trivalent cobalt ion, potassium ion, divalent calcium ion, divalent vanadium ion, tetravalent vanadium ion, cesium ion, silver ion, divalent zinc ion, divalent cadmium ion, sodium ion, divalent magnesium ion, divalent platinum ion, divalent palladium ion, trivalent ruthenium ion, tetravalent ruthenium ion, trivalent scandium ion, trivalent rhodium ion, divalent mercury ion and trivalent mercury ion. The content of metal cation in the compound is 10-80 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The compound (I) is prepared by providing composition comprising reducing sugar and functionalized amine having structure of formula: H2N-L-FG, and subjecting the composition to at least one of pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization process. Preferred Composition: The functionalized amine is chosen from aminoethyl sulfonic acid, aminoethyl phosphonic acid, 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine and 4-aminomethylpiperidine. The reducing sugar is glucose. Preferred Definitions:    L=ethylenyl, butylenyl, methylenyl or phenylenyl;and    FG=S(O)2OH, P(O)(OH)2, pyridin-4-yl or piperidin-4-yl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The dispersant is alcohol, polyol, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, propylcellulose, or polyethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation film is polyethylene glycol terephthalate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high valence state oxide is ferrate salt, manganate and manganese dioxide. The positive pole additive is bismuth oxide, lead oxide, nickel hydroxide, cerium oxide, potassium sulfate, potassium hydroxide, and potassium tartrate. The structural additive is calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, zinc oxide and calcium hydroxide. The negative electrode sheet conductive material is carbon fiber, conductive carbon black, graphite and carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive is PTFE, polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene-butadiene, poly(vinyl alcohol), carboxymethyl cellulose, epoxy resin and glue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-soluble dispersing agent is fatty acid polyglycol esters, dibutyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, methylenedioxy bis-naphthalene sulfonate, sodium lauroyl diethanolamine, anionic polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate and/or styrene-acrylic acid copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing flame retardant selected from tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tris cumene ester, tributyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate conventional phosphate flame retardants or tris (1-oxo-1-phospha-2, 6, 7-oxa-bicyclo (2 , 2,2) octane-4-methyl) phosphite, 1-oxo-4-hydroxymethyl-2, 6, 7-oxa-1-phospha-bicyclo (2, 2,2) oct- alkoxy phosphate and phosphonate flame retardant is selected from N-methylol amides propyl methylphosphonate, and dimethyl methylphosphonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing low-temperature heat-fusible resin selected from ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer of 25-40%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises iodide salt. The weight ratio of polyethylene oxide and poly(methylene oxide) is 3:1. The volume ratio of valeronitrile and dimethylacetamide is 6:4-8:2. The total content of polyethylene oxide and poly(methylene oxide) is 1-5 wt.%, with respect to total content of electrolyte composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The mixed solvent has viscosity of less than 1.2 cP and dielectric constant of 20-35.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer material (a) is polyacrylonitrile or polyvinylidene fluoride, and has nanofiber content of 50-80 wt.%. The polymer (b) is polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide, and has nanofiber content of 20-50 wt.%. The ratio of polymer (a) and polymer (b) is 1:1-4:1. The content of polymer (a) and polymer (b) in the spinning solution is 10-20 wt.% and 5-10 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The CoO is present at 1-40 mass%, preferably 5-20 mass%. The cobalt salt is nitric acid cobalt, cobalt sulfate, cobalt acetate, or cobalt chloride. The ratio of cobalt salt to ammonium hydroxide is 1:4-1:40. The carbon carrier is XC-72, BP, MWCNT, or graphene. The inert and/or reducing gas atmosphere is nitrogen, argon, hydrogen or mixed gas of ammonia, nitrogen, or argon. The mixture of solvent is alcohol and/or water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of graphite, sodium nitrate and potassium permanganate is 1:1:6. The addition amount of sulfuric acid is 100 times the amount of graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dianhydride monomer is 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, triphenyl diether dianhydride, 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride, benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, hexafluoroisopropylidene titanic acid dianhydride or 3,3',4,4'-diphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic anhydride. The diamine monomer is p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-bisphenol A ether diamine, isopropylidene bisperfluorinated amine, 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)diphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)diphenyl ether, 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene, diaminodiphenyl ketone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, dimethyl-diphenylmethane diamine, diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and/or 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyimide film has surface roughness of 10 nm or less, tensile strength of more than 300 MPa, glass transition temperature of more than 330 degrees C, heat shrinkage rate of less than 1% and thermal expansion coefficient of less than 20 ppm/ degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The air drying agent is mixed with gelcoat resin viscous liquid in the mass ratio of 1:10-20. The silica gel coat resin viscous liquid and white carbon black are added in the weight ratio of 1:33.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyhydroxybenzoyl chloride is chosen from p-hydroxybenzoyl chloride, o-hydroxybenzoyl chloride, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl chloride, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl chloride and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl chloride, preferably 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl chloride. The solvent is chosen from acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1-butanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, diethylether and dioxane, preferably acetone. The basic catalyst is chosen from N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, pyridine, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine, dipropylamine, tripropylamine, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, preferably triethylamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cellulose acetate is cellulose diacetate having hydroxyl esterification degree of 74-95%. The weight ratio of cellulose acetate and polyhydroxybenzoyl chloride is 10:(5-20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Suzuki coupling reaction of brominated silicon-containing thiophene derivative of formula (II) and 4,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole is carried out in presence of palladium catalyst, to obtain polymer (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises 0.1-5 pts. wt. peroxide, 0.1-2 pts. wt. silane coupling agent and 0.01-3 pts. wt. ultraviolet absorber and light stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkaline solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium bicarbonate solution. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (A) is 20:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is bistriphenylphosphine palladium dichloride or tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst comprises organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand in molar ratio of 1:4-8. The organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organic phosphine ligand is tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine or dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxy-(1,1'-biphenyl)-2-yl)phosphine. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-(7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenanthren-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane derivative of formula (A), 4-((E)-2-(2,5-dibromothiophen-3-yl)ethenyl)-N,N-diphenylaniline of formula (B) organic solvent, catalyst and an alkali solution are mixed, and Suzuki coupling reaction is performed at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours. The reaction solution is cooled to room temperature, separated and purified, to obtain polymer (I). The molar ratio of compound (A) and compound (B) is 1:1-1.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline solution is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or palladium tetrakistriphenylphosphine, or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand in molar ratio of 1:4-8. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy biphenyl compound. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (A) is 20:1. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Dioxoborolane (A) of formula (I) and pyrrole compound (B) of formula (II) in molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 are subjected to Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours in oxygen-free environment, in organic solvent in presence of catalyst and alkali solution, separated and purified, to obtain pyrrolo-pyrrolidinedione based copolymer (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inner layer contains 0-90% inorganic filler. The inorganic filler is chosen from titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, talc, silica, calcium carbonate, carbon black, mica, barium sulfate, diatomaceous earth, pumice, diamond powder and/or pearl powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The curing agent is chosen from isocyanate-based curing agent, imidazole curing agent, hydrazide-based curing agent, amino resin curing agent, amine curing agent and melamine-based curing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weather-resistant coating layer comprises 0-90 %mass (excluding 0 %mass) organic resin (R1), a curing agent and inorganic filler. The adhesive layer comprises adhesive and 0-90 %mass inorganic filler. The insulating film layer comprises organic resin (R2) and 0-90 %mass inorganic filler. The organic resin (R1) is chosen from 15 resin e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene fluorocarbon resin, fluorine-containing acrylic resin, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene resin, hydrogenated bisphenol A epoxy resin and aliphatic epoxy resin. The adhesive is chosen from polyurethane adhesive, acrylic adhesive, epoxy adhesive, silicone resin adhesive and polyurea adhesive. The organic resin (R2) is chosen from polyethylene resin, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, polytrifluoroethylene resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, polyvinyl fluoride resin, polyamide resin, polycycloolefin copolymer resin, hydrogenated polystyrene-polyethylene-polybutene-polystyrene block copolymer rubber elastomeric resin, hydrogenated polystyrene-polyethylene-polypropylene-polystyrene elastic rubber resin, polyolefin elastomer resin, methacrylate resin, methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate block copolymer resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, silicone resin and thermoplastic polyurethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The multilayer optical film further comprises a corrosion resistance layer adjacent to the metallic reflective layer, hardcoat adjacent to the first outer layer, pressure sensitive adhesive and a liner as outermost layers, and does not comprise an adhesive or a primer between the first outer layer and the hardcoat.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metallic reflective layer comprises metal chosen from gold, silver, aluminum, copper, nickel and titanium. The corrosion resistance layer comprises a metallic component chosen from copper and inert metal alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The multilayer optical stack comprises alternating polymeric layers of polyester and an acrylic polymer, or alternating polymeric layers of polyethylene terephthalate and a copolymer of polymethyl(meth)acrylate. The first outer layer comprises polyvinylidene fluoride. The multilayer optical film further comprises a metallic reflective layer adjacent the second outer layer. The hardcoat comprises acrylate polymers and UV absorbers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium oxide is titanium oxide which has rutile-type crystal form.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine resin which forms fluorine resin film is polyvinylidene-fluoride resin. The fluorine resin is resin chosen from vinylidene fluoride homopolymer and vinylidene fluoride copolymer in which the copolymerization ratio of comonomer is 15 mol% or less. The fluorine resin film further contains 25 %mass or less thermoplastic resin. The thermoplastic resin is polymethyl methacrylate. Preferred Process: Manufacture of fluorine resin film involves carrying out surface treatment of fluorine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The particles are selected from a group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, antimony tin oxide and indium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal wires are silver nanowires.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device main body is made of polymer i.e. thermoplastic elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The heat absorbing layer is formed of ceramics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heat absorbing layer is also formed of molybdenum oxide and nitridation molybdenum or oxygen or nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The rare-earth has a granularity of 2000 mesh or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The water-vapor permeability of the resin-made film is 20 g/m2x 24 hour or less. Preferred Composition: The resin-made film comprises polypropylene or polyethylene. The sodium source of sodium-containing sputtering target is sodium lauryl sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The water-soluble polymer is poly(meth)acrylamide. The content of water-soluble polymer in the composition is 0.1-5 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. barium sulfate. Preferred Property: The porous film has a moisture content of 500 ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polycarboxylic acid further contains 50 %mass or more alkyl (meth)acrylate units. The alkyl (meth)acrylate units contain alkyl (meth)acrylate unit (U1) containing 1-3C alkyl group and alkyl (meth)acrylate unit (U2) containing 4-6C alkyl group. The weight ratio of alkyl (meth)acrylate unit (U1) with respect to alkyl (meth)acrylate unit (U2) is 1-10. Preferred Property: The binder composition has glass transition temperature of less than 30 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Property: The electronic device has flexibility. Preferred Composition: The electronic device is organic device containing active organic components and the sealing material arranged on the active organic component at upper direction or circumference. The active organic component consists of anode, light emitting layer and cathode. Alternately, the electronic device has a base material (104A,105A) containing glass or polymer, transparent electroconductive metal arranged on the base material, and the sealing material arranged on the metal at upper direction or circumference, or photovoltaic cell or photovoltaic-cell array, and sealing material arranged at upper direction or circumference on the photovoltaic cell or photovoltaic-cell array, or a semiconductor layer and the sealing material arranged on the semiconductor layer at upper direction or circumference.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reactive diluent is bifunctional (meth)acrylate monomer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains reactive diluent, and hydrocarbon compound having number average molecular weight of less than 50000. The mass ratio of polybutadiene polymerization component and reactive diluent is 5:95-70:30. The mass ratio of sum of polybutadiene polymerization component and reactive diluents, and hydrocarbon compound is 20:80-70:30. The hydrocarbon compound contains hydrocarbon-type softener (d1) and hydrocarbon type tackifier (d2) in mass ratio of 20:80-80:20. The hydrocarbon-type softener (d1) is polybutene and/or polyisobutylene. The hydrocarbon-type tackifier (d2) is hydrogenated petroleum resin. Preferred Process: 50% or more of unsaturated bond in butadiene structure of the polybutadiene polymerization component is hydrogenated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silane is unsaturated silane compound and/or amino-silane compound, preferably silane of formula: D'SiR1pR2(3-p), SiR5qR6(4-q), -SiR12R13R14 or -SiR25rR26(3-r).D'=alkenylene;R1=alkoxy, alkylthio, aryloxy, acyloxy, hydroxy, halo, amine or -R3R4;R3=O or S;R4=alkyl, aryl or acyl;R2=H, aryl or aralkyl;p=1-3;R5=-CH2NR7R8;R7,R8=H or R9NH2 bonded to nitrogen atoms;R9=1-6C alkylene;R6=halo, amino, -R10R11 or -R11;R10=R3;R11=H, aryl, aralkyl or acyl;q=1-4;R12,R13=halo, amino, -R15R16 or -R16;R15=R3;R16=R11;R14=-OsiR17mR18(2-m)R19;R17,R18=halo, amino, -R20R21 or -R21;R20,R21=R3;R19=(CH2)nNR22R23;R22,R23=H bonded to nitrogen or R24NH2;R24=alkylene;m=1 or 2;n=1 or more;R25,R26=halo, amino, -R27R28 Or -R28;andR27,R28=R3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermal-resistant polymer is low-density polyethylene-based polymer and/or polypropylene-based polymer, and has melt index of thermal-resistant polymer is 0.1-40 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg. The content of thermal-resistant polymer is 1-5 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. components in material. The silane-modified ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer is obtained by modifying ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer with silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The film substance is made of a glass fiber fabric and a fluorine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The unsaturated monocarboxylic acid comprises methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, or butenoic acid. The polymerization inhibitor comprises hydroquinone, benzoquinone, or tert-butylcatechol. The catalyst comprises tetramethylammonium chloride, triethanolamine, m-phenylenediamine, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, N,N-dimethylaniline, or triphenylphosphine. The crosslinkable monomer comprises styrene or methyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The board is made of PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The accelerator is accelerator-D, accelerator-M or accelerator NA22. Preferred Composition: The storage battery multi-cavity groove rubber comprises 55 pts. wt. natural rubber, 34 pts. wt. styrene butadiene rubber, 23 pts. wt. recycled rubber tire, 56 pts. wt. hard rubber powder, 7 pts. wt. magnesium oxide, 265 pts. wt. white cement powder, 3 pts. wt. thioacetamide, 22 pts. wt. asphalt, 47 pts. wt. sulfur powder and 5 pts. wt. accelerator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The annealing room is filled with oxygen, argon and nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible substrate material is metal foil or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The radiator includes a metal radiating sheet made up of stainless steel, copper, aluminum, titanium, nickel, copper, aluminum, titanium and nickel alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first seal end plate and the second seal end plate are made up of polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene imine (PEI) or polypropylene (PP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves covering substrate material with conducting layer, high molecular polymer thin film, metal foil, stainless steel foil or silicon chip, the conducting layer comprises metal conducting layer, transparent oxide conducting layer, electric conduction layer or alloy graphite electric conduction layer, the metal foil is magnesium foil, manganese foil, copper foil, zinc foil, aluminum foil, molybdenum foil, titanium foil, nickel foil, tantalum foil, niobium foil, silver foil, gold foil, platinum foil or rubidium foil. Preferred Components: The tin salt is tin chloride, tin acetate, tin sulfate or tin nitrate, the zinc salt is zinc metal, zinc acetate, zinc sulfate or zinc nitrate, the copper salt is copper chloride, copper acetate, copper sulfate or copper nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complexing agent is acetic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, citrate, tartrate and EDTA. The sulfur source is sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, thiourea or sulfur powder, the selenium source is sodium selenide, potassium selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The anthraquinonyl polymer is prepared by reacting compound of formula (II) and compound of formula (III) in an organic solvent containing catalyst and alkaline solution in a molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 in absence of oxygen. The resulting mixture is carried out under Suzuki reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 2-96 hours. The formed reaction mixture is cooled, and then purified to obtain the anthraquinonyl polymer. Preferred Components: The catalyst is dichloride or phenyl silane. The alkali solution is an amine solution. The organic solvent is selected from toluene, N,N-dimethylamine, ammonia or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt includes lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate and/or lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide. The concentration of lithium salt dissolved in organic solvent is 0.01-5 mol/L. The amount of filler is 0.1-80 %mass. The filler comprises carbon nanotubes, graphene and/or electroconductive carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, 1-methylimidazole, N,N-dialkyl piperidine bis-trifluoromethyl sulfonimide, N,N-dialkyl pyrrolidine hexafluorophosphate and 1,3-dialkyl-imidazol-bis-trifluoromethyl sulfonimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electric conduction gel contains electroconductive filler, polymer, catalyst, lithium salt and organic solvent. The polymer is polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyoxypropylene, polyether graft polyphosphazene, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate and/or polydimethylsiloxane. The amount of polymer is 1-40 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidizing solution is 7-35 wt.% nitric acid solution or 3.0-8.0 wt.% sulfuric acid and 10-30 wt.% hydrogen peroxide at volume ratio of 1:1-1.5. Preferred Method: The modified bamboo coal is prepared by taking bamboo coal, adding 5-8 wt.% diluted acid solution, mixing, stirring, drying at 180-200 degrees C until water content is less than 0.2%, and air flow grinding to 100 nm to 10 mu m grain diameter.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coupling agent is gamma -aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550), gamma -glycidylpropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560), and/or gamma -methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-570).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The composite resin comprises 100 pts. wt. thermosetting resin, 10-15 pts. wt. modified bamboo charcoal, 1-2 pts. wt. coupling agent, 1-2 pts. wt. dispersant, 1-1.5 pts. wt. lubricant, and 0.5-1 pt. wt. phosphite ester thermal oxidation stabilizer. The thermosetting resin is epoxy resin, phenolic resin, and/or unsaturated polyester resin. The dispersant is polyethylene wax. The lubricant is ethylene bis stearamide. Preferred Method: The composite resin is prepared by taking raw materials, mixing, heating to 160-180 degrees C, banburying for 20-30 minutes, cooling, crushing, melt extruding, plasticizing at 200-220 degrees C, extruding, and granulating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plasticizer is silica nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aprotic solvent is chosen from tert-butyl pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dioxane, hexamethylphosphoramide amide and tetrahydrofuran. The polymer electrolyte further comprises ethanol, such that the ratio of plasticizer and ethanol is 0.02-0.1 g/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal thin film comprises metal such as silver, gold, aluminum, copper and nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is glass, polyethylene terephthalate, poly-dimethyl siloxane or poly(methyl methacrylate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The conductive substrate of dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell is conductive glass, metal substrate or fluorine-doped-tin dioxide transparent conductive glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, organic solvent (A), ethyl cellulose and zirconium dioxide is 1:1:0.66:0.25:0.25:0.5:0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt material is metal lithium, lithium oxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide, lithium chloride, lithium sulfate and/or lithium nitrate. The manganese salt material is metal manganese, manganese oxide, manganese acetate, manganese carbonate, manganese hydroxide, manganese chloride, manganese nitrate and/or manganese sulfate. The nickel salt material comprises metal nickel, nickel oxide, nickel carbonate, nickel acetate, nickel hydroxide, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate and/or nickel nitrate. Preferred Composition: The deionized water comprises cation content of less than 0.005 mol/l iron, less than 0.005 mol/l copper, less than 0.005 mol/l aluminum, less than 0.005 mol/l nickel, less than 0.02 mol/l zinc, less than 0.005 mol/l chromium, less than 0.01 mol/l sodium, less than 0.02 mol/l potassium, anion content of 0.01 mol/l chlorine, less than 0.02 mol/l nitrate, less than 0.02 mol/l sulfate and deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is polyethylene glycol. The fuel is ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, lipid, ether series, petrol and diesel oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methyl butyl lithium, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate and/or lithium tetrafluoroborate. The initiator contains peroxide, azo and redox free-radical polymerization initiator, boron trifluoride, pentafluorophenyl-phosphorus, titanium tetrachloride, tin tetrachloride and/or zinc dichloride cationic polymerization initiator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of crosslinking monomer is 0.5-20 wt.%, initiator is 0.001-5 wt.%, and lithium salt is 1-20 wt.%. The solid solvent is solid nitrile group and/or solid ester group. The solid ester group contains ethylene carbonate, diphenyl carbonate and/or di-tertiary butyl peroxide. The solid nitrile group contains malononitrile, succinonitrile, octadecane nitrile and/or isophthalonitrile. The crosslinking monomer contains structure of formulae: R1-C=CH2-C(=O)-O-R2-O-C(=O)-C=CH2-R2 (I) and (-R2-(O)-R1-CN-)n (II).R1,R2=1-20C-linear alkyl chain containing ether bond;andn=104-107.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) comprises (a1) grinding precursor compound, corresponding nitrate and citric acid in a ball mill, completely reacting to obtain precursor, processing the precursor by drying at 450 degrees C, sintering for 1-3 hours to obtain nano powder precursor having a specific surface area of 5-20 m2/g, where the mol ratio of citric acid and nitrate is 1-1.5:1, (b) mixing nano powder precursor and adhesive agent, uniformly mixing with a dispersant, ultrasonically oscillating and dispersing the mixture for 3-10 hours by adding a dispersant, where the adhesive agent is poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), the amount of adhesive agent in the dispersing slurry is 5-10%, dispersant is polyacrylic acid or polyacrylamide, and the amount of dispersant in the slurry is not greater than 5%. The nano powder precursor is lanthanum strontium manganese oxide complex of formula (La2xSrxMnO4), lanthanum strontium cobalt oxide complex of formula (La2xSrxCoO4), lanthanum strontium iron oxide complex of formula La2xSrxFeO4), lanthanum strontium nickel oxide complex of formula (La2xSrxNiO4). The step (b) comprises coating dispersed slurry on stainless steel connector post surface treatment by cold spray coating to obtain nano oxide coating, where the stainless steel connector is SUS430, Crofer22 or AL453, and the coating thickness is 10-50 mu m. The step (c) comprises subjecting nano oxide coating to pre-oxidizing treatment at 500-600 degrees C for 1-5 hours, and baking under oxygen atmosphere at 750-850 degrees C for 5-10 hours.x = 0-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 5000-200000. The substrate is made of glass or plastic. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1 = 5,5'-(benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazole-4,7-diyl)bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl), 5,5'-(2,2-dimethyl-2H-benzo(d)imidazole-4,7-diyl)bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl), 5',5''-(2,2-dimethyl-2H-benzo(d)imidazole-4,7-diyl)bis(2,2'-bithiophene-5',5-diyl) or phenanthro(9,10-c)(1,2,5)thiadiazole-5,10-diyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by performing Suzuki polymerization reaction of double-pinacol boronic ester closed-loop triphenylamine unit of formula (II) and dual-bromo-containing copolymer unit of formula (III). Preferred Method: Compound (I) is prepared by reacting compound (II) and compound (III) under inert gas protection at 25-130 degrees C in presence of palladium catalyst, organic alkali or inorganic alkali as alkali source, and toluene as solvent. Preferred Components: The palladium catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium, or palladium acetate with tricyclohexylphosphine complex.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive material contains solid electrolyte including lithium nitride, lithium-aluminum oxide, lithium-cobalt oxide, lithium perchlorate, lithium iron phosphate, graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerene C60, and fullerene C70, or electrochemically inert filler including silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxide or manganese oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The isoindole nitrogen oxide-free radical modified polypyrrole (I) is prepared by chemically modifying 3- and 4-position side groups in pyrrole repeating structural units of polypyrrole by isoindole nitrogen oxide-free radical derivative. The reactive derivative is halide, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, activated ester, acid chloride or acid bromide. Preferred Process: Alternately. the isoindole nitrogen oxide-free radical modified polypyrrole (I) is prepared by chemically modifying 3- and 4-position side groups of pyrrole monomers by isoindole nitrogen oxide-free radical derivative, and then polymerizing. Preferred Composition: The isoindole nitrogen oxide-free radical modified polypyrrole (I) is preferably of formulae (Ia)-(Id). The battery material contains the isoindole nitrogen oxide-free radical modified polypyrrole (I) and carrier or electroconductive material. The amount of isoindole nitrogen oxide-free radical modified polypyrrole (I) is 0.1-95 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The vulcanizing agent is dicumyl peroxide. The lithium salt is lithium trifluoro((((trifluoromethane)sulfonylazanidyl)sulfonyl))methane. The weight ratio of 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazole bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide salt, mesoporous silica and acetone is 1:0.005-0.02:15-30.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The mesoporous silica is prepared by dissolving polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer in 12 mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, adding deionized water, stirring at 40 degrees C, adding 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene as pore-forming agent, stirring uniformly for 4 hours, adding ethyl orthosilicate, stirring at 90 degrees C for 24 hours, crystallizing for 24 hours, filtering, washing deionized water and ethyl alcohol, extracting at less than 130 degrees C for 24 hours and drying the resultant material in an oven at 80 degrees C for 4 hours. Preferred Composition: The carboxylated nitrile rubber has 27-29 wt.% acrylonitrile content and 5-7 wt.% carboxyl group content. The weight ratio of polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, ethyl orthosilicate, hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and deionized water is 1:0.5:1.5-2:4-5:20-30.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The surface protection sheet has a wetting tension of 38-45 mN/m. The constant value is 60 mN/m or more. The value of wetting tension of the surface of the protective layer is less than 45 mN/m. Preferred Component: The protective layer contains fluorine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The total number of double bond of vinyl and vinylidene of ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer resin (a) is more than 0.5 per 1000 carbon of a principal chain and side chain measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. The total number of double bond of vinyl and vinylidene of resin (a) is 55% or more of the total number of whole double bond of vinyl, vinylidene, cisvinylene, trans-vinylene, trisubstituted olefin, measured with respect to 1000 carbon of principal chain and side chain by nuclear magnetic resonance. The resin (a) is obtained from a metallocene catalyst and contains 10-30 mol% propylene as a comonomer. The ethylene-functional group containing monomer copolymer resin (b) is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-(meth)acrylate copolymer, ethylene-(meth)acrylic-acid copolymer, ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid ester multi-component copolymer, and/or ethylene-(meth)acrylic-acid multi-component copolymer. The layer (A1) and/or layer (B1) further contains 0.2-5 pts. wt. organic peroxide with respect to 100 pts. wt. resin contained in layer (A1) and/or layer (B1). The laminated material further contains silane coupling agent. Preferred Layers: The laminated material has three layers of outermost layer, intermediate layer, and outermost layer. The material has layer (A1) intermediate layer and layer (B1) as outermost layer. Alternately, the laminated material has 2 layers of layer (A1) and layer (B1). The volume resistivity of the laminated material is 1x 1013-1x 1016 ohm.cm. The laminated material is obtained by a co-extrusion multilayer molding method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The density of layer (12A) and layer (12B) is 0.85-0.91 g/cm3 and 0.88-0.96 g/cm3, respectively. The crystal melting peak temperature of layer (12A) is lesser than the crystal melting peak temperature of the layer (12B). The gel fraction calculated from the mass of xylene insoluble substance measured according to ASTM-2765-95 of layer (12B) is less than 1%. The diagonal length (x1) from the corner portion of layer (12B) in the contact region of layer (12B) and layer (10) is 1-100 mm. The ratio (x1/x2) of diagonal length (x1) with respect to diagonal length (x2) of layer (12B) is 0.1% or more, preferably 0.1-30%. Preferred Component: The sealing material layer (12B) contains an olefin polymer containing copolymer of ethylene and 3-20C alpha -olefin as main component. The sealing material layer (12B) contains a polar component containing polar group-containing olefin polymer as a main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The solar cell module has sequential lamination of a lower protective material (16), sealing material (12B), solar cell component (14A,14B), sealing material (12A) and top protective material (10). One or more of the sealing material is the solar cell module sealing material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ethylene polymer (A) is ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer. The solar cell sealing material further contains compatibilizer. Preferred Properties: The crystal melting peak temperature of ethylene polymer (A) is 50 degrees C or more and less than 100 degrees C. The crystal melting peak temperature of the olefin polymer (B1) is 110-160 degrees C or less. The crystal melting heat amount at 100 degrees C or more measured at heating rate of 10 degrees C/minute with differential scanning calorimetry of the olefin polymer (B1) is 2-80 J/g. The distance (D), which is measured by piling a white-board glass of length of 150 mm and width of 50 mm, the solar cell sealing material of 75 mm length, 26 mm width and 0.5 mm thickness, and glass slide of 75 mm length, 26 mm width and 5.4 g mass, carrying out accumulating pressing, applying load of 0.65 g/cm2 to the sealing material for binding a stainless plate with a 7.2 g mass, 75 mm length and 26 mm width on the glass slide, to obtain a sample, maintaining the sample at 100 degrees C and 90 degrees for 20 hours, and measuring the distance (D) from which the glass slide is deviated, and is less than 1 mm. The total light transmittance of the solar cell sealing material is 80 % or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is chosen from polythiophene, polyacene, polyaniline, and polypyrrole. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the conductive polymer layer is 1-1000 nm. The electroconductive polymer coating fullerene particles has particle diameter of 2-10000 nm. The decomposition start temperature of fullerene is plus minus 10 degrees C which does not form crystal structure. The average thickness of the conductive polymer layer in good solvent of the conductive polymer after leaving to stand at 20 degrees C for 24 hours is 90% or more of average thickness of the conductive polymer layer before leaving-to-stand. The average particle diameter measured in acetonitrile of the crystal grain of the fullerene is 1-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Number average molecular weight of resin (A) is 5000-35000. Hydroxyl value of resin (A) is 50-720 equivalents/ton. Preferred Components: Resin (B) is aromatic modified terpene resin or terpene phenol resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of inorganic component between the corrosion-prevention layer and hard-coat layer is preferably 20-80 wt.%. The hard-coat layer and/or organic-inorganic hybrid layer further comprises inorganic fine particles and ultraviolet absorber. Preferred Property: The film mirror has pencil hardness of 2-4 H.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ultraviolet absorber is triazine-type ultraviolet absorber or inorganic-type ultraviolet absorber. The material having metalloxane skeleton has polysiloxane repeating unit of formula (I).X1-X3=H, methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy;m=0-3000;n=1-3000;ando=0-3000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The perovskite compound comprises CH3NH3MX3 or HC(NH2)2MX3, M is lead, antimony, germanium, titanium, bismuth, or indium, and X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodide. The substrate comprises polymer, metal, ceramic or glass, preferably a polymer film, layers or coatings selected from coating of a transparent conductive oxide, hole transporting layer comprising an organic or inorganic semiconductor, or electron transporting layer comprising an organic or inorganic conductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating solvent is dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, t-butyrolactone, acetone, acetyl acetone, ethyl acetoacetate N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, and/or tetrahydrofuran. The coating solvent further comprises isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, allyl alcohol, propagyl alcohol, and/or inositol. The coating comprises a mixture of the perovskite precursor solution and the polymer additive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is selected from poly vinyl alcohol, poly vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, poly amides, poly acrylics, poly imide, poly acrylonitrile, poly butyl methacrylate, poly butadiene, poly carboxy methyl cellulose, poly ethers, poly ethylene acrylates, poly glycols, poly isocyanates, poly methacrylates, poly vinyl butyral, poly vinyl fluoride, poly vinyl methyl ethers, poly amines, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, and/or Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solar cell module comprises existing sealing sheet between the transparent substrate and sealing sheet, or cover glass and the sealing sheet. The solar cell module comprises laminate containing structural components including sealing sheet which are adhered at each interface by molding the laminate at 120 degrees C or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cyclic olefin resin is copolymer of ethylene and/or ( alpha )-olefin, and cyclic olefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The heat-resistant polymer resin has melting point of 100-150 degrees C, and melt index of 0.1-40 g/10 minutes, at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg. Preferred Process: The silane-modified ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer is obtained by performing graft polymerization of silane compound in ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer. Preferred Composition: The content of silane-modified ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer and ethylene/ alpha -olefin polymer is 1-2 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. heat-resistant polymer resin. The heat-resistant polymer resin is polyethylene-based resin and/or polypropylene based resin, and comprises low-density polyethylene. The silane-modified ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer comprises main chain including polymerization unit of olefinic monomer and branched chain combined in the main chain. The branched chain includes silicon-containing compound of formula -SiR12R13R14 or -SiR25rR26(3-r). The silane compound comprises silicon-containing compound of formula: DSiR1pR2(3-p) or SiR5qR6(4-q).R5=-(CH2)vNR7R8;R7,R8=H or R9NH2;R9=1-6C alkylenyl;R6=halo, amino or -R10R11;R10,R27,R20,R15=O or S;R11=H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or acyl;q=1-4;p,n=1-3;R12,R13=halo, amino, -R15R16 or -R16;R16,R21,R28=H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or acyl;R14=-OSiR17mR18(2-m)R19;R17,R18=halo, amino, -R20R21 or -R21;R19=-(CH2)nNR22R23;R22,R23=H or R24NH2;R24=alkylenyl;m=1 or 2;n=1 or more;R25,R26=halo, amino, -R27R28 or -R28;andv=not defined.N.B: v is not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred composition: The two-dimensional layered material is chosen from graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and dichalcogenides containing molybdenum sulfide or tungsten selenide. Alternately, crystal forming molecules are deposited on the layered material. The crystal forming molecules are titanium or aluminum and the crystals formed are titania crystals or alumina crystals. Preferred Process: Dehydrogenation of two-dimensional layered material is carried out annealing at 300 degrees C under argon atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The plastics material comprises less than 100 ppbw boron, less than 100 ppbw phosphorus and less than 10 ppbw arsenic. The plastic material is chosen from polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride and polysiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: Alternately, layer (b) is arranged as one or more surface layer. The thickness of layer (b) is 5-40 mu m. Preferred Component: Resin (B') is polyolefin resin, and has density of 865-920 kg/m3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The urethane resin is an urethane resin which uses an aliphatic polycarbonate polyol as structural component. In the infrared-spectroscopy spectrum of the application layer, the ratio of light absorbency in peak of 1460 cm-1 vicinity derived from an aliphatic polycarbonate component with respect to the light absorbency in peak of 1530 cm-1 vicinity derived from urethane component is 0.50-1.55. The mass ratio of the urethane resin with respect to block isocyanate is 1/9-9/1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The photoelectric conversion element further has a hole-transport layer (H2) containing hole-transport polymeric material, provided between the hole-transport layer (H1) and the electrode (7).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron transport material is titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and/or niobium oxide. The hole-blocking layer contains titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-transport layer contains electron-transport material which is photosensitized by photosensitization material containing 2-((5E)-5-((4-(4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)phenyl)-1H,2H,3H,3aH,4H,8bH-cyclopenta(b)indol-7-yl)methylidene)-4-oxo-2-((5E)-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid of formula (II). The hole-transport layer (H1) contains an ionic liquid containing imidazolium compound.R3=optionally substituted alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The cyclic olefin resin is a copolymer of ethylene and/or alpha -olefin, and a cyclic olefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is selected from terpineol, dihydro terpineol, dihydro terpineol acetate, butyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, isobutyl alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, butyl carbitol, Texanol (RTM: 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3- pentanediol) 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, dimethyl sulfoxide or diethyl phthalate. The titanium dioxide nanopowder includes hydrogen peroxide. The titanium dioxide precursor is selected from titanium tetraisopropoxide, titanium methoxide, titanium ethoxide, titanium propoxide or titanium butoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic binder is selected from ethylcellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxycellulose, nitrocellulose, methacrylic ester, acrylic ester, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl butyral. The resin is thermoplastic resin which is selected from polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate or polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The quinoxalinyl polymer is prepared by reacting compound of formula (II) and compound of formula (III) in an organic solvent containing catalyst and alkaline solution in a molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 in absence of oxygen. The resulting mixture is carried out under Suzuki Zen reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 2-96 hours. The formed reaction mixture is cooled, and then purified to obtain the quinoxalinyl polymer. Preferred Components: The catalyst is dichloride or phenyl silane. The alkali solution is an amine solution. The organic solvent is selected from toluene, N,N-dimethylamine, ammonia or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The selective emitter crystalline silicon solar cell preparing method utilizes an etching solution comprising mixed aqueous solution of ammonia and nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasticizer is selected from dimethyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, and tributyl citrate. The thixotropic agent is selected from castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, polyamide wax, polyether-modified thixotropic agent and polyurea-modified thixotropic agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder resin is rosin, ammoniated rosin, polymerized rosin, disproportionated rosin and/or maleic rosin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reflection structure is made of silver, aluminum or its alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The resin component is selected from poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polymethacrylic acid ammine. The first base plate is selected from polyvinyl fluoride, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyethylene 2,6-naphthalate and ethylene vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is an epoxy resin, an emulsion of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol and siloxane. The dispersant is oxazolidinone series, alkanes and alcohol type organic solvent. The conductive substrate is a graphite paper, metal foils, metal sheet, a nickel graphene or carbon nanotubes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and a mixed solvent of propylene carbonate. The additive is 1,4-butane sultone or 1,3-propane sultone and ethanolamine. The additive further comprises multi polyphosphazene and cyclophosphazene trimer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The capacitor battery comprises a positive electrode material A and B having active substances, where the active substances A comprises Lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium manganese dioxide, LiNi(0.8)Co(0.2)O2, and LiNi(1/3)Co(1/3)O2Mn(1/3)O2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active material B is porous carbon material is activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon airgel, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes , carbon black, hard carbon, and graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte comprises 0.1 mol/l lithium iodide, 0.01 mol/l iodine, 0.6 mol/l 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, and 0.5 mol/l 4-tert-butyl pyridine and acetonitrile solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rare earth organic light conversion agent is europium(III) ion-salicylic acid-phenanthroline ternary complex with salicylic acid as ligand (I) and phenanthroline as ligand (II). The UV absorber is 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, and/or 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone. The antioxidant comprises octadecyl 0-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate as primary antioxidant, and tris(4-nonylphenol)phosphite and/or tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite as secondary antioxidants. The crosslinker comprises organic peroxide and/or azo compound as curing agent, and co-crosslinker. The organic peroxide is cumene hydroperoxide, di-t-butylperoxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-t-butylperoxy hexane, n-butyl 4,4-di(t-amylperoxy)valerate, 2-ethylhexylperoxy butyl carbonate, and/or 3,3-di(t-butylperoxy)butyrate. The co-crosslinking agent is triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, and/or diethylene glycol dimethacrylate. The silane coupling agent is vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyl tri-t-butylperoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, and/or ethylenebis(0-methoxyethoxy)silane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The EVA copolymer has a molar content of 20-50% and a melt flow rate of 10-40 g/10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermal- storage material comprises 25 wt.% silicon dioxide, 4.9 wt.% zirconia, 0.6 wt.% calcium oxide, 0.8 wt.% magnesium oxide, 0.9 wt.% potassium oxide, 1.4 wt.% sodium oxide, 0.3 wt.% ferric oxide, 1.9 wt.% copper oxide, 3 wt.% cement, 2.8 wt.% ash, 1.8 wt.% unicellular perlite beads, 0.6 wt.% barium hydroxide, 0.3 wt.% carboxymethyl starch, 6.1 wt.% sodium acetate trihydrate, 0.1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.1 wt.% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.1 wt.% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and remainder of water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive material comprises lithium nitride, lithium aluminum oxide, lithium cobaltate, lithium chlorate, lithium iron phosphate, graphene, carbon nanotubes, C60 fullerene, C61 fullerene and/or solid electrolyte. The filler includes silica, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, iron(III) oxide and manganese dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): 2-, 3-, 5- and 6-Site side groups in aniline repeating structural units of polyaniline are chemically modified by isoindole nitrogen oxide free radical derivative, to obtain compound (I). Alternately, 2-, 3-, 5- and 6-site side groups of aniline monomers are chemically modified by isoindole nitrogen oxide free radical derivative, to obtain compound (I). Preferred Compounds: Isoindole nitrogen oxide free radical-modified polyaniline (I) is preferably of formulae (II)-(V). Preferred Composition: The content of isoindole nitrogen oxide free radical-modified polyaniline contained in the battery material is 1-95 wt.%. The battery material further contains redox N- or P-type dopant, carrier chosen from polyethylene oxide, polymethylmethacrylate, polypropylene acrylonitrile, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, electroconductive material and filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is a mixture of bistriphenylphosphine palladium dichloride and tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium in a molar ratio of 1:20-1:100, or a mixture of organopalladium compound and organophosphine compound in a molar ratio of 1:20-1:100. Organopalladium compound is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. Organophosphine is (methylphenyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl compound. Organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): (2,8-Bis(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-11-(trimethylstannyl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaen-5-yl)trimethylstannane derivative of formula (Ia) and 5,8-dibromo-6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dimethylquinoxaline derivative of formula (Ib) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 are dissolved in organic solvent, then Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours in presence of catalyst and cooled to room temperature. Methanol is added to reaction liquid, filtered, extracted with methanol and n-hexane using Soxhlet extractor, further extracted using chloroform, chloroform solution is spin-dried, and vacuum-dried at 50 degrees C for 24 hours, to obtain quinoxalinyl copolymer (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is a mixture of bistriphenylphosphine palladium dichloride and tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium in a molar ratio of 1:20-1:100, or a mixture of organopalladium compound and organophosphine compound in a molar ratio of 1:20-1:100. Organopalladium compound is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. Organophosphine is (methylphenyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl compound. Organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): 11-Methyl-6,16-bis(trimethylstannyl)-7,15-dithia-11-azapentacyclo(10.7.0.02,10.04,8.014,18)nonadeca-1(12),2(10),3,5,8,13,16,18-octaene derivative of formula (Ia) and 5,8-dibromo-6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dimethylquinoxaline derivative of formula (Ib) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 are dissolved in organic solvent, then Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours in presence of catalyst and cooled to room temperature. Methanol is added to reaction liquid, filtered, extracted with methanol and n-hexane using Soxhlet extractor, further extracted using chloroform, chloroform solution is spin-dried, and vacuum-dried at 50 degrees C for 24 hours, to obtain quinoxalinyl copolymer (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride or palladium tetrakistriphenylphosphine. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst is a mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand in a molar ratio of 1:4-8. The organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organic phosphine ligand is tri(o-methylphenyl) phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (A) is 20:1. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Boranediol compound (A) of formula (II) and dihydropyrrole compound (B) of formula (III) are added to organic solvent containing catalyst and alkali solution under oxygen-free environment, dissolved, and Suzuki-coupling reaction is carried out 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, and the resulting mixture is cooled to room temperature, separated and purified to obtain diketopyrrolo pyrrole copolymer (I). The molar ratio of boranediol compound (A) and dihydropyrrole compound (B) is 1:1-1:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride or palladium tetrakistriphenylphosphine. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst is a mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand in a molar ratio of 1:4-8. The organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organic phosphine ligand is tri(o-methylphenyl) phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (A) is 20:1. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Boranediol compound (A) of formula (II) and 5,8-dibromoquinoxaline compound (B) of formula (III) are added to organic solvent containing catalyst and alkali solution under oxygen-free environment, dissolved, and Suzuki-coupling reaction is carried out 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, and the resulting mixture is cooled to room temperature, separated and purified to obtain quinoxaline-based copolymer (I). The molar ratio of compound (A) and compound (B) is 1:1-1.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conduction material comprises 10-80 wt.% hydrogenated terphenyl, 10-80 wt.% silicon chloride oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecyl amino propylamine, 1-12 wt. polyisobutylene, and 2-28 wt.% nanocopper tin alloy particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The lead-free glass powder has particle diameter of 0.5-5 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The vanadium oxide is vanadium pentoxide. The amount of aluminum powder is 70-79 wt.%. Preferred Property: The average particle size of aluminum powder is 0.5-15 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal compound is of formula: M(OG) or M(OG)n. The concentration of metal compound is 1-20 wt.% with respect to metal compound precursor gel. The organic solvent (S1) is chosen from methanol, ethanol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The metal compound precursor gel further comprises 20 wt.% or less binder, stabilizer. The stabilizer is monoethanolamine. The organic medium comprises an organic solvent (S2), organic binder and organic additive. The organic solvent (S2) is chosen from kerosene, terpineol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The additive is surfactant, lubricant, stabilizer, thixotropic agent and/or leveling agent.M=zinc, nickel, copper, aluminum, gallium, indium, titanium, thallium or vanadium;OG=acetylacetonate (C5H7O2-), acetate (CH3COO-), saturated aliphatic carboxylate group (CnH2n+1COO-) or alkoxy (RO-);andn=not defined.N.B. n is not defined.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic binder is ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia. The zinc salt is zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc bromide or zinc sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is chosen from cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, polyethoxylated tallow amine, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide, dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, dicetyldimethylammonium bromide, dicetyldimethylammonium chloride, dimethyltetradecylammonium bromide, dimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, didodecyldimethylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetraheptyl bromide and tetraheptyl chloride. The organic solvent is chosen from chloroform, dichloromethane, benzene, toluene and carbon disulfide. The reducing agent is hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate, dimethyl hydrazine, hydroquinone, hydrogen gas or sodium borohydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The electronic communication circuitry includes a satellite global positioning system (GPS) device, Bluetooth communication device, a near field communication device and Wireless fidelity (WiFi) communication device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasticizer is naphthenic oil or environmentally-friendly aromatic hydrocarbon oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organosilane modified filler is organosilane modified silicate, preferably wollastonite and/or silica. The organosilane-modified filler is produced by modifying an inorganic filler with organosilane of formula: (X(4-n-m)Si-Rn(-A-B)m) (I). The total amount of polyisocyanate in aliphatic polyester group-containing hexamethylene isocyanurate is 70-95 wt.%, preferably 50 wt.%. The substrate is a metal substrate or a plastic substrate. Preferred Method: The process of applying the coating is carried out at 15-60 degrees C, preferably at 80 degrees C.X = OH, halo, alkoxy, preferably methoxy and ethoxy, aryloxy;R = alkyl, preferably 1-12C alkyl, phenyl or H;A = divalent organic radical, preferably alkylene diradical, including 1-6C alkylene, preferably 1-3C-alkylene;B = amino, hydroxy, epoxy, epoxypropyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, acetoxy, isocyanate, acryloxy, methacryloxy, imidazole, ureido or vinyl; andn, m = 0,1, 2,3, with n+m of less than 3, preferably 1-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polycarbonate diol has hydroxy number of 50-500 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The polycarbonate diol is an aliphatic and linear polycarbonate diol. The polyaspartic acid ester has amine value of 120-300 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The polyaspartic acid ester is aliphatic. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of: master lacquer component (5-30 wt.% polycarbonate diol, 5-30 wt.% polyaspartic ester and 5-25 wt.% organosilane modified filler); and curing component (20-60 wt.% aliphatic polyester group-containing hexamethylene diisocyanate-isocyanurate with isocyanate content of 5-23%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The UV resistant agent is thermoplasatic elastomer polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solar cell material is made of silicon or polycrystalline silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first and second adhesive layer is made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral and polyolefin elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic granules are selected from a group consisting of acrylic acid association acetic resin, polymethyl association acetic acid resin and polyurethane resin. The binding agent is selected from polypropylene association acetic acid resin, poly methyl acrylic acid association resin, resin, poly ester ammine resin, epoxy resin, resin, poly ester sub-ammine resin, polyurethane resin, alkyd resin, resin and the mixture of vinegar.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is glass or plastic substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by providing naphthalene compound of formula (IA) and pyrrole compound of formula (IB); dissolving compounds (IA) and (IB) at mol ratio of 1:(1-1.2) in solution containing catalyst and alkali in organic solvent and under anaerobic condition to obtain mixed solution; subjecting mixed solution into Suzuki coupling reaction for 12-96 hours; cooling at room temperature; separating and purifying reaction liquid to obtain compound (I); and copolymerizing compound (I) at 70-130 degrees C. Preferred Method: The Suzuki coupling reaction is performed at 90-120 degrees C for 36-60 hours. The separation and purification reaction is performed by terminating Suzuki coupling reaction; adding methanol to reaction solution to precipitate; filtering through Soxhlet extractor; extracting with methanol and hexane; washing with chloroform; collecting chloroform solution; spin-drying solids to obtain solid powder; and vacuum drying solid powder at 50 degrees C for 24 hours to obtain compound (I). Preferred Component: The catalyst is bistriphenylphosphine palladium dichloride or palladium tetrakistriphenylphosphine, in which mol ratio of catalyst to compound A is (1:20)-(1:100). The organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris di-benzyl-acetone dipalladium argon. The organic phosphine ligand is tris (o-methylphenyl) phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'- dimethoxy biphenyl. The alkali solution comprises sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution, or sodium bicarbonate solution. The mol ratio of alkali solution and compound solute is 20:1. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and/or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The resin component has viscosity of 700-1100 cps at 25 degrees C and density of 1.10-1.2 g/cm3. The hardener component has viscosity of 6-12 cps at 25 degrees C, density of 0.9-1 g/cm3 and amine value of 500-700 mg potassium hydroxide/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyamic acid-containing repeating unit (I) is of formula (II). The polyamic acid resin composition further comprises organic solvent chosen from N,N'-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and N,N'-dimethylformamide.R3=R1;R4=divalent organic group containing 1-5 rings;andm,n=r.Preferred Properties: The polyamic acid has weight-average molecular weight of 10000-1000000 g/mol. The polyimide resin has average thermal expansion coefficient of 0-5 ppm/ degrees C at 50-400 degrees C, and glass-transition temperature of 250 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. The catalyst comprises mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine in molar ratio of 1:4-8. The organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri(o-methoxyphenyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The anthraquinone-based copolymer (I) is obtained by adding thiophene derivative of formula (II) and anthraquinone compound of formula (III) to alkaline solution comprising organic solvent and catalyst, performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, cooling to room temperature, separating and purifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkaline solution is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution. The molar ratio of alkaline solution and compound (II) is 20:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (II) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst comprises mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine in molar ratio of 1:4-8. The organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri(o-methoxyphenyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The thiophene-containing copolymer (I) is obtained by adding phenanthrene compound of formula (II) and thiophene compound of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 to alkali solution comprising organic solvent and catalyst, performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, cooling to room temperature, separating and purifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis(oxalate) borate, lithium difluoro oxalate borate, lithium trifluoromethane sulfonic acid and bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide. The content of lithium salt in polymer matrix is 5-100 %mass. The solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or acetonitrile. The content of solvent is 2-15 times the mass of the polymer matrix.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The ionic liquid polymer electrolyte is prepared by mixing lithium salt dried in a vacuum oven at 80 degrees C for 24 hours and ionic liquid polymer dissolved in solvent, and stirred vigorously to form homogeneous solution. The solution is poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, volatile solvent is removed at room temperature and dried in vacuum at 60 degrees C for 24 hours. Preferred Components: The ionic liquid polymer is of formula (I). The ionic liquid polymer is formed by connecting N-methylimidazole optionally substituted by pyridine ring, tributyl amine and pyrrole ring, with a polymer by chemical bonds. The polymer is a linear polymer or hyperbranched polymer. The linear polymer is polyethylene oxide or polyepoxychloropropane. The hyperbranched polymer is hyperbranched polyether.PM=polymer;anda=anion chosen from halo, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, or ditrifluoromethyl sulfimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The super-strate layer includes transparent polymer selected from a group consisting of polyester, polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Back surface protection sheet further contains inner layer (4) consisting of white curable adhesive bond layer (D) or polyester film (F) containing large particle size white pigment (A1) or small particle size white pigment (A2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic filler of wireless IC tag is contained with main component selected from one of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, calcium carbonate and barium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive resin in wireless IC tag is contained with nickel, copper, nickel copper alloy, metal powder and silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat resistance fiber is selected from one of glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, polyimide fiber, fluorine fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, polyarylate fiber or ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber. The composition of resin is contained with polyimide-type resin, epoxy resin, phenol-type resin, and urethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises carbon carrier and chromium-oxy-carbide compound supported on the carrier. The chromium-oxy-carbide compound is of compositional formula: CrxCyOz. The noble metal catalyst is an alloy of metal(s) chosen from platinum, palladium and rhodium, or iron, cobalt, titanium, ruthenium, tungsten, molybdenum and niobium.x=0.28-0.6;y=more than 0;andy+z=1-x.Preferred Properties: The lattice constant (a) of two face-centered-cubic sub-lattices in the chromium-oxy-carbide crystal is 0.40-0.43 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): Bifluorenylidene compound of formula (II) and monomer of formula: Y'-X-Y', are copolymerized with chlorine, bromine, iodine, triflate or diazonium salt, by cross-coupling reaction, to obtain polymer. EXAMPLE - 34.8 mg dibromo diketopyrrolopyrrole and 56.6 mg 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(9-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-fluoren-9-yl)-9H-fluoren-3-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane were mixed, deaerated, and nitrogen-substituted. 1.1 mg Palladium(II) acetate and 2.1 mg dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxy-2-biphenylyl)phosphine were to 10 ml toluene, nitrogen-substituted, 1 ml ethanol and 1 ml aqueous potassium carbonate were added and stirred. Reaction solution was put in methanol, dispersed, washed using acetone and hexane, suction-filtrated, and dried under reduced pressure, to obtain 56 mg polymer as black solid with yield of 86.2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The organic photoelectric conversion film further contains p-type organic semiconductor, and is formed by wet process. The photoelectric conversion element further has electric charge-blocking layer and inorganic photoelectric-conversion film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Bivalent groups-containing compounds of formulae: Xm1-(A)a-Xm1, Xm2-(S1)c-(B')b-(S2)d-Xm2, Xm3-(S2)c-(A)a-(S1)d-Xm3 and Xm4-(B')bXm4 are reacted in presence of transition metal catalyst and an electron-donating phosphorus ligand, to obtain azulene ring-containing compound.a-d=1-4;Xm1,Xm3=halo, trifluoro alkane sulfonyloxy, trialkyl tin, boronic acid group, -B'(ORm1)2, -B'-(ORm2)3M+, or trialkylsilyl;Rm1,Rm2=alkyl;andM+=monovalent metal cation.(i) When Xm1 is halo or trifluoroalkane sulfonyloxy, Xm2 is trialkyl tin, boronic acid group, -B'(ORm1)2, -B'(ORm2)3M+, or trialkylsilyl; (ii) When Xm3 is halo or trifluoroalkane sulfonyloxy, Xm4 is trialkyl tin, boronic acid group, -B'(ORm1)2, -B'-(ORm2)3M+, or trialkylsilyl; (iii) When Xm1 is trialkyl tin, boronic acid group, -B'(ORm1)2, -B'-(ORm2)3M+, or trialkylsilyl, Xm2 is halo or trifluoroalkane sulfonyloxy; and When Xm3 is trialkyl tin, boronic acid group, -B'(ORm1)2, -B'-(ORm2)3M+, or trialkylsilyl, Xm4 is halo or trifluoro alkane sulfonyloxy group. Preferred Components: The compound (A) is n-type organic semiconductor. The electron-donating phosphorus ligand is trifurylphosphine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The methanogenic archaebacterium is Methanosarcina. The other bacterium is Firmicutes. The microbial population comprises 50-95% or 20-95% Firmicutes with respect to whole 16S rRNA gene clone. The Firmicutes is Peptococcaceae or Thermoanaerobacter. The polyhydroxyalkanoic acid is decomposed at anaerobic conditions at 20-65 degrees C. The polyhydroxyalkanoic acid is polymer which comprises at least one 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid as repeating unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The glass transition temperature of water-soluble polymer is 150-200 degrees C, measured by dynamic viscoelasticity. The weight average molecular weight of water-soluble polymer is 2x 105 to 1x 106. Preferred Composition: The water-soluble polymer includes acidic radical containing monomeric unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active material is silicon or tin-based alloy material, or intercalated lithium compound. The electrically conductive agent is coal black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube or graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is N-methylpyrrolidine, ethanol, isopropanol, water or hexanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive is styrene-butadiene rubber, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylate or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water reaction hydrogen releasing solid material comprises active metal, metal hydride, borohydride, aluminum hydride and ammonia borane or its derivative. The borohydride and aluminum hydride comprises sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, potassium borohydride, magnesium borohydride, calcium borohydride, sodium aluminum hydride, potassium aluminum hydride, calcium aluminum hydride and lithium aluminum hydride. The ammonia borane or its derivative comprises ammonia borane, lithium ammonia borane, sodium ammonia borane, calcium ammonia borane, potassium ammonia borane or methyl ammonia borane. The aqueous solid comprises hydrated inorganic acid salt and organic acid salt, hydrated organic acid and/or hydrogel. The hydrated inorganic acid salt and organic acid salt comprises magnesium chloride hexahydrate, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, sodium borate decahydrate, sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate or sodium acetate trihydrate. The hydrated organic acid is oxalic acid dihydrate or citric acid trihydrate. The hydrogel is sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The activator is zinc oxide, chromium oxide and nickel oxide. The metal salt is zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, nickel sulfate, aluminum sulfate and calcium chlorate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The waxy film-forming agent is octadecylamine N-oleoyl sarcosinate, tetradecene succinate octadecylamine, hexadecene succinate octadecylamine and octadecenyl succinate octadecylamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The aqueous fluorocarbon emulsion is vinyl fluoride and hydroxyvinyl ether copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The protection plate is made of ceramic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The protection plate is made of metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The primary retaining frame and the secondary retaining frame are made of single-piece plastic component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode material is selected from carbonaceous materials, oxides, sulfides, nitrides, silicon, composite material including metal nanoparticles with carbonaceous materials, and silicon nanostructures with carbonaceous materials. The ion permeable membrane is sodium, magnesium, calcium ions permeable membrane, and electrolyte is sodium, magnesium, calcium ions soluble non-aqueous electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is selected from non-aqueous, organic, gel, polymer, solid electrolyte, and aqueous electrolytes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible heating element comprises a polyimide insulated heater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The graft copolymer has mass average particle diameter of 50-600 nm. The resin layers (1)-(3) have thickness of 10-50 mu m, 10-30 mu m and 100-300 mu m, respectively. Preferred Composition: The content of graft copolymer in the resin layer (2) is 0.1-30 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass the styrene-conjugated diene-type block copolymer and/or its hydrogenated substance. The polyvinylidene fluoride type resin composition contains 50-95 parts mass polyvinylidene fluoride-type resin and 5-50 parts mass polymethacrylate-type resin. The resin layer (2) consists of resin composition including styrene- conjugated diene type block copolymer including 50-80 %mass conjugated diene type monomer, and/or its hydrogenated substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the transparent substrate is selected from a group consisting of glass, polymer and grapheme. The polymer is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate and cyclo olefin copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first ionic liquid contains lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first ionic liquid shows a plastics crystalline phase. The composite further comprises first pore, and organic solvent. The ion-conductive substance and second pore contain an organic solvent. The first pore is a micropore and second pore is a mesopore.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The movable seating surface is formed of synthetic resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: Base layer is carbon plate, stainless steel plate or titanium plate. Biocompatible layer is made of polymer, carbon-based material, lyophilic layer or positive ion layer. Cathode chamber solution is potassium ferricyanide solution, potassium permanganate solution or potassium dichromate solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat guide rod is made of yellow copper or red copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fixed pipe is made of plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound (d) is of formula (I) or (II), preferably of formula (III). The compound (b) is chosen from vinyl compound containing phosphoric acid group and radically-polymerizable compounds other than the vinyl compound.R1=optionally substituted bivalent hydrocarbyl;R2-R4=H, halo, or -X-Y';X=single bond, -O-, -S-, or -O-CO-;Y',R5=optionally substituted hydrocarbyl;R3+R4=carbocyclic ring;R"1=1-20C bivalent hydrocarbyl;andR"2,R"9,R"10=H, halo, alkyl, aryl, or alkoxy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin (a) is chosen from phenoxy resin, polyurethane resin, polyesterurethane resin, butyral resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, and copolymer containing vinyl acetate as a structural unit. The adhesive composition further contains electroconductive particles. The primary substrate or secondary substrate contains a thermoplastic resin. The primary substrate preferably contains polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, or cycloolefin polymer. The secondary substrate preferably contains polyimide resin or polyethylene terephthalate. Preferred Property: The thermoplastic resin has a glass transition temperature of 200 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material contains foaming particles in which particles (B) are swollen. The foaming particles have average particle diameter of 40-200 mu m. The urethane resin (A) is polyether-based urethane. Preferred Process: The sealing material is obtained by curing sealing material composition containing hindered amine light stabilizer and ultraviolet absorber including benzotriazole-type compound. The foaming particles having cavity portion is obtained by heating-foaming particles having foamability. Then, the foaming particles and urethane-resin raw material are mixed to obtain sealing material composition. A portion of polyol component of urethane-resin raw material and the particles having foamability are mixed and heated-swollen, to obtain mixture containing foaming particles and portion of polyol component. The remainder of polyol component of the urethane-resin raw material and isocyanate compound are mixed with the mixture, to obtain sealing material composition. The sealing material composition is heat-hardened, to obtain the sealing material. Preferred Properties: The sealing material has closed cell ratio of 70% or more, and 20% compressive stress at 20 degrees C of 0.05-0.7 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The weather-resistant resin layer is directly provided on the base material, and is formed of coating liquid containing fluororesin, adhesive resin and crosslinking agent. The heat-drying process is carried out at 70-240 degrees C. Preferred Property: The polyethylene-terephthalate base material and weather-resistant resin layer have thickness of 150-500 mu m and 20-300 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white pigment concentration of the layer (10) is preferably 5-20 %mass. The white pigment concentration of layer (12) is 0-1.5 %mass. The layer (12) comprises 60 %mass or less recycled chip which is trimmed and crushed in the width direction edge portion of the laminated film, and layer (10) does not include the recycled chip. Preferred Property: The thickness of the layer (10) is 5-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of the unit of hydroxyl group in the polyhydric-alcohol compound with respect to the monomer derived from the radically polymerizable acid anhydride in the ethylene-based copolymer is 0.01-10. The reaction accelerator is metal salt which is organic carboxylate. The content of reaction accelerator is 0.001-20 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene-based copolymers. The content of other radically polymerizable comonomer in the ethylene-based copolymer is 5-20 mol%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains 0.03-10 mol% monomer derived from radically polymerizable acid anhydride in ethylene-based copolymer. The ethylene-based copolymer comprises ethylene, radically polymerizable acid anhydride, and multi-component copolymer containing another radically polymerizable comonomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The organic layer of organic solar cell further includes hole-transport layer, hole injection layer, electron injection layer and/or electron-transport layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of unit (I) and unit (III) is 0.5 or more. Preferred Components: The copolymer further includes benzodithiophene group-containing unit of formula (IV). The photoactive layer comprises copolymer as electron donor, and electron acceptor.l+m=1;l,m=more than 0 and less than 1;ando=more than 0 and less than 1000.Preferred Properties: The copolymer is random copolymer having number average molecular weight of 500-1000000 g/mol and molecular weight distribution of 1-100. EXAMPLE - 15 mL Chlorobenzene, 0.7 g 2,6-bis(trimethyltin)-4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyl-2-thenyl)-benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene, 0.3171 g 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene, 0.7418 g 1,3-dibromo-5-dodecylthieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione, 28 mg tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and 37 mg tri(o-tolyl)phosphine were reacted at 170 degrees C for 1 hour, cooled to room temperature and filtered. Methanol was added to solid, extracted using acetone, hexane and chloroform, reprecipitated using methanol, and filtered, to obtain copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron donor is poly-3-hexylthiophene, poly 2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene or poly(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b:3,4-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)), copper phthalocyanine. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pigment is selected from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium oxide, silicon oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc sulfide, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, lead carbonate, lead hydroxide, basic zinc molybdate, basic calcium molybdate, molybdenum white or lithopone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The by-product includes hexaflourosilicic acid. The transparent electrode layer has indium tin oxide with aluminum doped zinc oxide, zinc oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide, boron doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide and indium gallium zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The solar cell back electrode comprises 75-85 wt.% silver powder, 10-15 wt.% glass powder composition and 5-10 wt.% organic carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of silver nitrate solution is 3.4-6.8 g/l. The silver ammonia solution in step (S10) has a pH of 8-9. The weight ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone and silver nitrate in step (S20) is (6-9):100. The weight ratio of reducing agent and silver nitrate is (7-12):100. The weight ratio of polysorbate and silver nitrate is (20-30):100. The glass powder composition comprises 1-5 wt.% silicon dioxide, 20-25 wt.% bismuth(III) oxide, 15- 30 wt.% zinc oxide and 40-60 wt.% boron trioxide. Preferred Method: The solid-liquid separation involves centrifugal separation. Preferred Condition: The step (S40) is carried out for 2-5 hours. The drying step is carried out at 40-60 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent comprises ascorbic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves performing dip coating process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The buffer layer is made of silicon oxides, silicon nitrides or titanium dioxide. The light conversion layer is doped with erbium ions, sodium yttrium fluoride nano particle, yttrium ions, holmium ions, yttrium-barium-zinc oxide nano particle or lanthanum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The foaming agent is formed of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC-141b), C-PENTANE, aerosol grade pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc), pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) Chlorodifluoromethane,(HCFC-22), Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solvent comprises oligomers or polymers which contain at least one type of redox-active moiety in the side chain and optionally solubilizing side chains or functionalities. The redox-active moiety is 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical and N-methyl-(4,4'-bipyridin)-1-ium chloride as redox-active moiety. The anolyte is of formula (A1)-(A6). The catholyte is of formula (C1)-(C4).T=group of formula (t);andV'=group of formula (v). Preferred Definitions:    PG2,PG3,PG4=group chosen from 59 groups e.g. group of formulae (M1)-(M5);    RAE1-RAE2=group chosen from 10 groups e.g. group of formulae (1)-(5);    LI1-LI5=group chosen from 26 groups e.g. group of formulae (6)-(10);    COM1,COM2=group chosen from 27 groups e.g. group of formula: -H, -NH2, -OH, -SO3H or -CH2CH2OH;    RAE5=piperidinoxyl ring structure of formula (11), pyrrolidinoxyl ring structure of formula (12), pyrrolinoxyl ring structure of formula (13), asymmetric substituted nitroxide radical of formula (14) or asymmetrically substituted nitroxide radical of formula (15);    X'1-X'8=H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylthio, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, aralkyl, halo, cyano or nitro;    X1-X4,Y'=H, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, cyano or nitro;and    PG1=hyperbranched organic polymer structure chosen from 9 structures e.g. structure of formula (P1)-(P5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6)/diethyl carbonate-ethylene carbonate (EC) in a molar ratio of 1:1, or LiPF6/dimethyl carbonate-EC in a molar ratio of 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic source is selected from aluminum, titanium dioxide, gold, silver or iron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Crosslinking agent is methyltris(methylethylketoxime)silane or vinyltris(methylethylketoxime)silane. Coupling agent is gamma -(Glycidyloxy)propyl)trimethoxysilane, gamma -aminopropyl triethoxysilane or 1,2,5 (trimethoxysilyl propyl) isocyanate. Plasticizer is methyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane. Catalyst is dibutyl tin dilaurate, dibutyl tin diacetate, dibutyl tin octoate or stannous octoate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The crosslinking agent is tris-(methyl isobutyl ketoximino) silane or vinyltris(methylethylketoxime)silane. The coupling agent is (3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane or 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate. The plasticizer is a methyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane. The catalyst is dibutyl tin dilaurate, dibutyl tin diacetate, tin octoate or stannous octoate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The white pigment is selected from nickel, palladium, rhodium or platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive layer comprises inorganic glue chosen from silica sol, aluminum sol, iron sol and silicate inorganic glue. The reinforcing layer comprises calcium silicate board, cement pressure plate or plastic board.The functional reflective layer comprises acrylic ester polymer-polyurethane and tin oxide nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyester film includes 0.01-20 wt.% inorganic particles containing titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium phosphate, silica, alumina, talc and/or kaolin and having average particle diameter of 0.1-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polyester film has film thickness of 50-250 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): compound of formula (II) and compound of formula (III) are reacted with alkali solution of organic solvent, in presence of catalyst, dissolved, reacted by Suzuki coupling reaction, and purified, to obtain compound (I). Preferred Composition: The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride and/or tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium, or palladium acetate and/or tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (I) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of palladium acetate and tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine is 1:4-8. The alkaline solution is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (I) is 20:1. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pigment comprises carbon black, lithopone, zinc sulfide, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate and/or superfine glass micro-beads.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic peroxide-type crosslinking agent comprises dialkyl peroxide, alkyl peroxide, aryl peroxide, hydroperoxide, diacyl peroxide, ester peroxide, ketone peroxide, carbonate and/or peroxy ketal. The crosslinking aid is chosen from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, allyl compound and epoxy compound. Antioxidant includes light stabilizer, ultraviolet absorber and/or thermal oxidative decomposing agent. The silane coupling agent is organosilicon compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The surface-radiation crosslinking-type ethylene-vinyl acetate resin film has a thickness of 0.1-2 mm and a crosslinking degree of 10-95%. Preferred Composition: The vinyl acetate content of the ethylene-vinyl acetate resin is 20-35 wt.%. The polyolefin elastomer is copolymer of low-density polyethylene, ethylene and butylene, and copolymer of ethylene and octylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Prussian blue is a mixture of crystalline and amorphous particles, where the crystalline particle is uniform particle sized nanoparticles of 2-5 nm, and the amorphous particle is an amorphous thin film. The carrier is a carbon carrier, an oxide carrier or a carbide carrier commonly used for fuel cell catalyst. The carbon carrier is Vulcan XC72 (RTM: Carbon black support), Vulcan XC-72R (RTM: Carbon black support), BP-2000, Ketchen black, carbon nanotube or carbon fiber. The oxide carrier is cerium oxide, titania, iron oxide, indium oxide, tin dioxide or tin indium oxide. The carbide carrier is tungsten carbide, carbon nitride or boron carbide. The platinum precursor is chloroplatinic acid, platinum acetylacetonate or potassium hexachloroplatinate. The stabilizer is poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, sodium citrate, polyacrylic acid or polyvinylpyrrolidone. The precipitator is a strong acid, strong alkali or a strong electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The wavelength conversion material contains rare-earth complex which has lanthanoid ion as center rare-earth ion, and/or rare-earths complex which has europium ion and/or neodymium ion as center rare-earth ion. The reflective sheet comprises layer containing wavelength conversion material, base material and reflection layer, in order. The reflection component comprises layer containing wavelength conversion material, support and reflection layer, in order. The support of the reflection component supports the reflection sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The outermost layer further contains resin component, which is (meth)acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fabric comprises a nylon mesh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first and second rubber compounds comprise a nitrile rubber and urethane rubber, the fabric comprises a poly-aramid, and the barrier layer comprises a nylon polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphine-type compound (B) is triphenylphosphine or trioctyl phosphine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Average value of layer thickness, except the outermost layer, in a film is 2-250 nm. Film has crystal melting heat quantity of greater than or equal to 45 J/g and crystallinity degree of 13-38%. Interlayer adhesion strength of layer which consists of polyester (A) and layer which consists of polyester (B) is greater than or equal to 0.7 N/mm. According to elongation curve obtained from tension test of the film, stress ratio ( sigma 1/ sigma 2) of tensile stress ( sigma 1) at elongation rate of 50% and tensile stress ( sigma 2) in a yield point is greater than or equal to 1.5, where sigma 2 is less than or equal to 100 MPa, and elasticity modulus is less than or equal to 4000 MPa. Preferred Compositions: Amount of structural unit of glycol unit derived from 1,4-butanediol for polyesters (A) and (B) is greater than or equal to 70 mol.%, and amount of structural unit of dicarboxylic acid derived from terephthalic acid for polyesters (A) and (B) is greater than or equal to 70 mol.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The sealing material sheet has light transmittance 50% or more at thickness of 450 mu m and wavelength of 300 nm, and glass adhesion strength maintenance factor of 70% or more, after dump heat endurance test according to JIS C8917 at 85 degrees C for 500 hours. Preferred Composition: The polyethylene-type resin is metallocene-type linear low-density Polyethylene. The polyethylene-type resin comprises silane copolymer obtained by copolymerizing ( alpha )-olefin and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound as comonomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition further contains silver particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon particles are amorphous carbon, a graphite, fullerene, and carbon nanotubes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The solar cell component is a back-contact type solar cell component, and is arranged such that the electric current collector sheet, which has metal wiring portion formed on the surface of resin base material, is further provided and the outermost layer of the sealing material sheet faces the metal wiring portion of the electric current collector sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the intermediate layer and outermost layer is 180 mu m or more and 140 mu m or less, respectively. Preferred Composition: The polyethylene-type resin is a metallocene-type linear low-density polyethylene. The polyethylene-type resin contains the copolymer formed by copolymerizing alpha -olefin and an ethylenic unsaturated silane compound as a comonomer. The content of the crosslinking agent in the composition for intermediate layers is 0.02-0.5 %mass. Preferred Process: Alternately, the sealing material sheet is manufactured by forming the intermediate layer, laminating the outermost layer, and molding a preliminary multilayer sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The float includes iron core.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rod is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pH of the mixture is adjusted using concentrated nitric acid or aqueous ammonia. Preferred Composition: The mixing ratio of silver powder and glass powder is 87.5:12.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat storage layer comprises phase change material. The phase change material comprises carbon powder, coupling agent and mixture of polyethylene wax and paraffin. Preferred Properties: The carbon powder has particle size of 100-200 microns. The paraffin has melting point of 47 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coupling agent is N- beta -(aminoethyl)- gamma -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, phthalocyanine coupling agent or titanate coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyethylene wax has melting point of 92 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 600, polyethylene glycol 800, polyethylene glycol 1000 or polyethylene glycol 1500. The iodine compound is selected from potassium iodide, sodium iodide, lithium iodide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, and tetrabutylammonium iodide. The dye is N719 dye. The dye-sensitized solar photoelectric plate comprises dispersed polystyrene particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes coagulating agent is selected from polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator is potassium persulfate or sodium bisulfite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorine resin is PTFE and/or ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer. The film-forming agent is paraffin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mixing of packaging film substrate, oleic acid-coated rare earth spectrum conversion materials and initiator is carried out at 110-190 degrees C and at rotating speed of 180-250 revolutions/minute. The supercritical fluid purification is carried out at 200-240 degrees C and at rotating speed of 150-200 revolutions/minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The peroxide crosslinking agent is t-butylperoxy carbonate-2-ethylhexyl acrylate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, 4,4-di(t-butylperoxy)valerate, dicumyl peroxide, bis(t-butylperoxy isopropyl)benzene and/or 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane. The co-crosslinking agent is triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, ethylene glycol bis(methacrylate), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, divinylbenzene and/or phthalate. The silane coupling agent is vinyl triethoxysilane or gamma -glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane. The light stabilizer is bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate. The UV-light absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: anti-reflection film is 30-40 nm nanosilicon dioxide thin film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has vinyl acetate content of 33 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is gasoline or rust.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is polycarbonate. The permeation liquid is 1-2% dyeing agent, 75-90% solvent and 8-22% additives. The dyeing agent is alkaline dyeing agent. The additive is surface active agent or emulsifier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electron donating layer is inorganic. Electron-donating layer comprises crystalline material. Crystalline material is crystalline silicon. Crystalline silicone is polycrystalline silicon. Polycrystalline silicon is ribbon silicon. Crystalline silicon is monocrystalline silicon. Electron-donating layer comprises amorphous silicon. Electron-donating layer comprises conjugated polymer material. Electron-accepting layer comprises nanocrystals. Preferred Processes: Generation includes repeatedly varying applied magnetic field strength and measuring resultant current produced by photovoltaic array prior to performing creation of magnetic field in order to determine optimal magnetic field strength.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The temperature resistant material is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, nylon, polyphenylene sulfide, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyester, polypropylene and PVC. The polymeric material is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, thermoplastic rubber, thermoplastic elastomer and ethylene propylene diene monomer. The temperature resistant material is partially enclosed in materials e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene, thermoplastic rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, ethylene propylene diene monomer, fluoroelastomers, thermoplastic vulcanizates and flexible cast thermoset materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The elements are made of silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The composition comprises titanium and aluminum. The elements are made of yttrium, cerium and chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ultraviolet absorber is a titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antistatic agent is antistatic agent SN or antistatic agent TM. The antioxidant is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), tris(nonylphenyl) phosphate, isooctyl diphenyl phosphate, dilauryl thiodipropionate, composite antioxidant B215 and/or composite antioxidant B900. The light stabilizer is UV-9, UV-531, UVP and/or UV-326.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyester is polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The branched monomer reacts with the terephthalic acid monomer, and the ethylene glycol monomer via an esterification to obtain a reaction product. The preparation of polyester film further involves forming polyester chips from the reaction product via a pelletizing process, subjecting the polyester chips to a melt-extrusion process to form a sheet, and subjecting the sheet to a biaxial stretching process to form the polyester film. The content of branched monomer is 1-3 mol.%, based on the total content of terephthalic acid monomer and ethylene glycol monomer. The polyester film comprises 1.2 wt.% or less polyester oligomer, based on the weight of the polyester film. Preferred Properties: The polyester film has acid value of 10-25 eq/106 g, glass transition temperature of 77-90 degrees C and water-resistance time of more than 69 hours. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of terephthalic acid monomer and ethylene glycol monomer is 1:1.2-1:1.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The powder (A) is silver powder or copper powder. The oxide (C) is tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of salt (B) with respect to oxide (C) is 0.05-5. The electroconductive composition further contains curable resin (D).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanocolloidal particles are particles of metal(s) chosen from gold, silver, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, copper and/or its alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surfactant is quaternary ammonium salt and/or carboxylate. The usage amount of the surfactant is 1-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass nanocolloidal particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polysaccharide-type polymer is cellulose, chitin and/or chitosan. The polysaccharide-type polymer has average fiber diameter of 20-1000 nm. The load of the nanocolloidal particles in the carrier is 1-15 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass polysaccharide-type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: The wavelength conversion film is formed on surface or back surface of an the structural component(s) of solar cell. Between several structural components or light-incidence surfaces of solar cell, wavelength conversion device is provided.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Raw material of barium is barium hydroxide. Raw material of tin is tin dioxide. Preferred Process: The hydrothermal reaction is carried out at 300-550 degrees C under 5-100 MPa for 0.001-60 seconds. Preferred Process: The wavelength conversion film is produced by dispersing phosphor fine particles to liquid phase and coating, or adding compound which produces siloxane bond to the liquid phase and curing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is flexible resin sheet or composite sheet of resin and inorganic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: The wavelength conversion film is formed on surface or back surface of an the structural component(s) of solar cell. Between several structural components or light-incidence surfaces of solar cell, wavelength conversion device is provided. Preferred Property: The wavelength conversion film has film thickness of 200-2000 nm, and 100-1000 nm when integrating the phosphor fine particles in the wavelength conversion film, and setting as minute board.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The wavelength conversion film is produced by dispersing phosphor fine particles to liquid phase and coating, or adding compound which produces siloxane bond to the liquid phase and curing. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of potassium and titanium in raw material is 1.2-2.4 or 1.2-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is flexible resin sheet or composite sheet of resin and inorganic material, and has flexibility.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A portion or all of nitric acid in step (2) is replaced with nitrates. The nitrate comprises iron(III) nitrate, silver nitrate or sodium nitrite. The waste slurry in step (1) is obtained from diamond wire or wire-cutting process. The film-forming solvent in step (4) comprises silica, glass powder solvents, isopropyl alcohol or polymethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali solution comprises sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The molar ratio of catalyst and mixture of palladium acetate and tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine is 1:4-8, or the molar ratio of catalyst and mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl is 1:4-8. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (A) is 20:1. The organic solvent comprises toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of polymer (I) involves adding substituted 2,8-bis-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolan-2-yl)-6,12-dihydro-diindeno(1,2-b;1',2'-e)pyrazine compound of formula (A) and substituted 5,7-dibromo-2,3-diphenyl-thieno(3,4-b)pyrazine compound of formula (B) in the absence of oxygen to organic solvent dissolved in alkaline solution and catalyst, where the molar ratio of compound (A) and compound (B) is 1:1-1.2, carrying out Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, cooling after stopping the coupling reaction, and separating and purifying obtained reaction liquid. Preferred Method: The Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 36-60 hours. The separation and purification step involves adding methanol to reaction solution, precipitating, after the reaction is terminated, filtering mixture via Soxhlet extractor, successively washing with methanol and hexane, extracting with chloroform as solvent to collect colorless chloroform solution, spin-drying chloroform solution to obtain powder, and drying obtained powder under vacuum at 50 degrees C for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali solution comprises sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The molar ratio of catalyst and mixture of palladium acetate and tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine is 1:4-8, or the molar ratio of catalyst and mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl is 1:4-8. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (A) is 20:1. The organic solvent comprises toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of polymer (I) involves adding substituted 2,8-bis-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolan-2-yl)-6,12-dihydro-diindeno(1,2-b;1',2'-e)pyrazine compound of formula (A) and substituted 4,7-dibromo-2H-benzotriazole compound of formula (B) in the absence of oxygen to organic solvent dissolved in alkaline solution and catalyst, where the molar ratio of compound (A) and compound (B) is 1:1-1.2, carrying out Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, cooling after stopping the coupling reaction, and separating and purifying obtained reaction liquid. Preferred Method: The Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 36-60 hours. The separation and purification step involves adding methanol to reaction solution, precipitating, after the reaction is terminated, filtering via Soxhlet extractor, successively washing with methanol and hexane, extracting with chloroform as solvent to collect colorless chloroform solution, spin-drying chloroform solution to obtain powder, and drying obtained powder under vacuum at 50 degrees C for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The molar ratio of catalyst and mixture of palladium acetate and tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine is 1:4-8, or the molar ratio of catalyst and mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl is 1:4-8. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The organic solvent comprises toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of polymer (I) involves adding substituted 2,8-bis-trimethylstannanyl-dithieno(3,2-c;2',3'-e)azepine-4,6-dione compound of formula (A) and substituted (E)-6,6'-dibromo-1H,1'H-(3,3')biindolylidene-2,2'-dione compound of formula (B) in the absence of oxygen to organic solvent and catalyst, where the molar ratio of compound (A) and compound (B) is 1:1-1.2, carrying out Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, cooling after stopping the coupling reaction, and separating and purifying obtained reaction liquid. Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 24-48 hours. The separation and purification step involves adding methanol to reaction solution, precipitating, after the reaction is terminated, filtering via Soxhlet extractor, successively washing with methanol and hexane, extracting with chloroform as solvent to collect colorless chloroform solution, spin-drying chloroform solution to obtain powder, and drying obtained powder under vacuum at 50 degrees C for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali solution comprises sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The molar ratio of catalyst and mixture of palladium acetate and tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine is 1:4-8, or the molar ratio of catalyst and mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl is 1:4-8. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (A) is 20:1. The organic solvent comprises toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of polymer (I) involves adding substituted 9-phenyl-2,7-bis-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-carbazole compound of formula (A) and substituted 9,9-diphenyl-9H-fluorene compound of formula (B) in the absence of oxygen to organic solvent dissolved in alkali solution and catalyst, where the molar ratio of compound (A) and compound (B) is 1:1-1.2, carrying out Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, cooling after stopping the coupling reaction, and separating and purifying obtained reaction liquid. Preferred Method: The Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 30-60 hours. The separation and purification step involves adding methanol to reaction solution, precipitating, after the reaction is terminated, filtering via Soxhlet extractor, successively washing with methanol and hexane, extracting with chloroform as solvent to collect colorless chloroform solution, spin-drying chloroform solution to obtain powder, and drying obtained powder under vacuum at 50 degrees C for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali solution comprises sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The molar ratio of catalyst and mixture of palladium acetate and tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine is 1:4-8, or the molar ratio of catalyst and mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl is 1:4-8. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (A) is 20:1. The organic solvent comprises toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of polymer (I) involves adding substituted 9-bromo-10-(4-bromo-phenyl)-anthracene compound of formula (A) and substituted 9-(4-(5-phenyl-(1,3,4)oxadiazol-2-y l)-phenyl)-2,7-bis-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3)dioxolan-2-yl)-9H-carbazole compound of formula (B) in the absence of oxygen to organic solvent dissolved in alkaline solution and catalyst, where the molar ratio of compound (A) and compound (B) is 1:1-1.2, carrying out Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, cooling after stopping the coupling reaction, and separating and purifying obtained reaction liquid. Preferred Method: The Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 36-60 hours. The separation and purification step involves adding methanol to reaction solution, precipitating, after the reaction is terminated, filtering via Soxhlet extractor, successively washing with methanol and hexane, extracting with chloroform as solvent to collect colorless chloroform solution, spin-drying chloroform solution to obtain powder, and drying obtained powder under vacuum at 50 degrees C for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali solution comprises sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The molar ratio of catalyst and mixture of palladium acetate and tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine is 1:4-8, or the molar ratio of catalyst and mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl is 1:4-8. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (A) is 20:1. The organic solvent comprises toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 36-60 hours. The separation and purification step involves adding methanol to reaction solution, precipitating, after the reaction is terminated, filtering via Soxhlet extractor, successively washing with methanol and hexane, extracting with chloroform as solvent to collect colorless chloroform solution, spin-drying chloroform solution to obtain powder, and drying obtained powder under vacuum at 50 degrees C for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The boron-nitride nanofiller base material is selected from nanoplate, nano-sheet or nanotube. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises polyelectrolyte is formed of sulfonated polyether ether ketone, sulfonated polyethersulfone, sulfonated polyimide, sulfonated polysulfide sulfone or sulfonated polyphenyleneoxide. The solvent is selected from distilled water, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, ethanol, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, hexane, toluene, acetone or methyl ethyl ketone. Preferred Process: The method for manufacturing nanofiller, which involves mixing boron-nitride nanofiller base material with polyelectrolyte and solvent in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell to form the desired product. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The porous layer is made of inorganic particle selected from alumina, aluminum hydroxide, silica, barium titanium oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, clay, glass powder, or boehmite. The inorganic particle is surface-treated with silane coupling agent. The mixing coat liquid such as water or solvent is coated on multi-perforated layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The monomer is water-soluble, and includes ethylene oxide, (meth)acrylate, urethane, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacylate (TMPTA), ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate (BPADA), and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacylate (BPADMA). The oligomer comprises acrylate group and/or methacrylate group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The epoxy resin composition comprises (A) 60-95 pts. wt. epoxy resin and 5-40 pts. wt. diluting agent; and 50-90 pts. wt. polyether amine and 5-50 pts. wt. cycloaliphatic amine. A weight ratio of (A) to (B) is 80-100:10-50. The epoxy resin is glycidol ether series epoxy resin, glycidyl ester epoxy resin, glycidyl amine series epoxy resin, linear aliphatic series epoxy resin, or ring series epoxy resin. The diluent is single epoxy active diluting agent or multi-epoxy diluting agent. The single epoxy active diluent is butyl glycidyl ether, benzyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethyl hexyl glycidyl ether, cresol glycidyl ether, t-butyl glycidyl ether, or n-octyl glycidyl ether. The multi-epoxy diluting agent is diethanediol diglycidyl ether, diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol diglycidyl ether, resorcinol diglycidyl ether, or trimethylolpropane glycidyl ether. The cycloaliphatic amine is manganese dialkyl amine, isophorone diamine, N-aminoethyl piperazidine, 3,9-bis(3-amine propyl)-2,4,8,10-undecane, 1,3-bis(aminoethyl)cyclohexane, or 3,3-dimethyl-4,4-diamine cyclohexyl methane. Component (B) further comprises color paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material comprises 32 wt.% silicon oxide, 8 wt.% aluminum oxide, 0.4 wt.% ferric oxide, 0.6 wt.% calcium oxide, 0.5 wt.% magnesium oxide, 2 wt.% potassium oxide, 2 wt.% sodium oxide, 2 wt.% zinc oxide, 4 wt.% fly ash, 2 wt.% perlite, 0.2 wt.% hydration magnesium chloride, 0.6 wt.% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose, and balanced water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon material is selected from natural graphite, artificial graphite, soft carbon and hard carbon. The ionic compound is selected from quaternary salt. The ionic compound further comprises positive ion such as boron hexafluoride, hexafluorophosphate, hexafluorosilicic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride and methyl sulfate anion. The electrolyte solution further comprise non-ionic compound. The non-ionic compound selected from polycarbonate, DC and EC. The membrane is porous polymeric film comprises polyester, polyamide, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate, polypropylene, polycarbonate and tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution comprises 80 wt.% ironic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The material comprises metal substrate, inorganic substrate or organic-inorganic hybrid material. The metal substrate comprises copper, aluminum, iron, silver, palladium, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and/or stainless steel. The inorganic substrate comprises graphite sheet, carbon fabric, glass fabric, glass paper, ceramic paper and/or glass sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic dianhydride comprises pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2'-bis-(3,4-dicarboxylphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride and/or 2,3,6,7-naphtalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride. The aromatic diamine is p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine, 1,4-naphthalenediamine, 1,5-naphthalenediamine, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl-2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine, 6-amino-2-(4-aminophenyl)benzoxazole, 5-amino-2-(4-aminophenyl)benzoxazole, 3'-methoxy-4,4'-diaminobenzanilide, diaminotoluene, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and/or diaminodiphenylsulfone. The organic solvent is N,N'-dimethyl acetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, N,N'-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, cyclohexane and/or acetonitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyimide laminate has thermal expansion average coefficient of -10 ppm/ degrees C to 20 ppm/ degrees C at 100-400 degrees C, storage modulus of 1-10 GPa at 480 degrees C and surface flatness of 100 nm or less. The organic-inorganic hybrid material contains fiber-reinforced plastic, inorganic particles and glass fibers or carbon fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The peroxide crosslinking agent is t-butylperoxycarbonate-2-ethylhexyl acrylate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, 4,4-di(t-butylperoxy)valerate, dicumyl peroxide, bis(t-butylperoxy cumene), and/or 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane. The co-crosslinking agent is triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, ethylene glycol bis(methacrylate), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, divinylbenzene and/or phthalate. The light stabilizer is bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate. The UV-light absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fluid transfer element comprises aerogel is organic and is selected from the group consisting of resorcinol-formaldehyde, and melamine-formaldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of Mg(BH4)2 is 3-30 wt.%, preferably 5-15 wt.%. Electrolyte is solid dispersion of Mg(BH4)2 in polyethylene oxide. Electrolyte further comprises metal oxide in which metal is group (IIA) metal and/or transition metal. Amount of metal oxide is 5-15 wt.%, preferably 7-12 wt.%. Metal oxide is magnesium oxide (MgO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and or zirconia (ZrO2), preferably MgO. Metal oxide comprises metal oxide nanoparticles. Anode is magnesium metal. Cathode comprises stainless steel, compound of formula (Mo6S8), compound of formula (Mg2Mo6S8), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), compound of formula (Mo6S8-ySey), compound of formula (MgxS3O4), compound of formula (MgCoSiO4), compound of formula (MgFeSiO4), compound of formula (MgMnSiO4), vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5), tungsten diselenide (WSe2), sulfur, poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate)/graphene, MnO2/acetylene black, or carbyne polysulfide.y=0, 1, or 2; andx=0-1.Preferred Parameters: Solid-state electrolyte is thin film having average thickness of 15-400 mu m. Metal oxide nanoparticles have average diameter of less than or equal to 500 nm. Anode has capacity fade of less than or equal to 20% after 50 discharge/charge cycles. Battery has coulombic efficiency of greater than or equal to 95%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Amount of polyethylene oxide is 55-97 wt.%, preferably 55-92 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is wollastonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polypropylene has a melt index of 20-60 g/10 minutes at 230 degrees C under 2.16 kg-force. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of: 70 wt.% polypropylene; 10 wt.% carbon nanotube; 5 wt.% carbon fiber; 13 wt.% glass fiber; and 12 wt.% wollastonite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sodium salt is Sodium perchlorate, NaPF4, Sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium hexafluoroarsenate, sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) imide, (NaN(SO2C2F5)2), and NaCF3SO5. The sodium alloy material is silicon, tin, bismuth, silicon dioxide, Si/C composite, Sb/C composite, and amorphous P/C composite. The solid electrolyte is beta-alumina, amorphous ion conduction, phosphorus-based glass, oxide-based glass , oxide/ sulfide based glass, Na super ionic conductor, sodium sulfide solid electrolyte, and sodium oxide solid electrolyte. The anode collector includes carbon black, metallic species catalyst, metal oxides catalyst, conductive material, and graphene oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous organic solvent is carbonate, ester group, ether, ketone, alcoholometer, and/or aprotic solvent. The conductive material is natural graphite, artificiality ream, carbon black, acetyleneblack, ketjen black or carbon fiber, carbon-based material, nickel, conductive polymer, metal fiber, aluminum or benefactor metal powder. The sodium containing solution is sea water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer includes polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, carboxy methyl cellulose, carboxylated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylfluoride, and ethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water-soluble binder of coating layer contains acrylate-type resin or polyethylenimine-type resin. The thermoplastic resin composition (B) further contains an antistatic agent. The thermoplastic resin is polyethylene resin, random polypropylene resin, or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. The resin film further contains polyester-based resin and fluorine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery container is made of plastic with low water absorption, such as polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Metal cation is lithium ion. Porous coordination polymer contains zirconium (Zr) in principal chain.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Anion has chemical structure of (R-SO2-N-SO2-R')-, preferably (F3C-SO2-N-SO2-CF3)-. Pore contains organic solvent containing oxygen atom in molecule. Ion-conductive complex has linear molecular structure in film form or particulate form.R,R'=F or fluoroalkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Structure is molded object containing particle which consists of porous coordination polymer. Molded object ahs space between particles and has ion-conductive substance in space. Preferred Process: Porous polymer is exposed to vapor of organic solvent and organic solvent is injected in the pore.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The probe frame comprises a vertical section made of a PVC material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass particles comprise lead. Preferred Property: The glass particles have softening point of 583 degrees C or less and crystallization start temperature of more than 650 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorus, tin and nickel in the phosphorus-tin-nickel-containing copper alloy particles is 2-15 %mass, 3-30 %mass and 3-30 %mass, respectively. The total content of the metal particles is 65-94 %mass. The content rate of the glass particles is 0.1-15 %mass. The electrode-formation composition further comprises solvent and resin chosen from cellulosic resin and acrylic resin. The metal particles further contain silver particles and phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles containing 0.1-8 %mass phosphorus, tin-containing particles containing 1 %mass or more tin and/or nickel-containing particles containing 1 %mass or more nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hole transport layer is made of tungsten oxide. The electron transport layer is made from zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metallic nanostructures comprise metallic nanowires, silver nanowires, gold nanowires and platinum nanowires.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hole transport layer is made of poly-3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene/poly-styrenesulfonate. The active layer is made of material selected from a group consisting of poly-3-hexylthiphene polymer and phenyl-C61 -butyric acid methyl ester polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is made of glass or polymer. The glass is molybdenum-coated glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reactive sulfur-containing atmosphere comprises hydrogen sulfide gas and selenium. The selenium is in the form of hydrogen selenide gas. The CIGS precursors comprise copper, indium and/or gallium, and sulfur and/or selenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The quantum dot has concentration of 10 wt.% or more. The quantum dot is cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide quantum dot.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The cellulose acetate has composition distribution index of 2 or less. Preferred Composition: The quantum dot composite is film form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred composition: The ratio of total acid radical content measured in aqueous medium of the acidic radical-containing polymer and the amount of carbodiimide groups of the carbodiimide compound is more than 1x 103 and less than 1x 105. Preferred Component: The composition is coated on a base material to form a layer. The base material is electrode or separator base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The unsaturated quaternary ammonium salt is obtained by reacting cyclic ether group (i)-(v) and tertiary amine compound of formula: R1-N(-R2)-R3. Preferred Property: The unsaturated quaternary ammonium salt does not have moisture content. Preferred Composition: Water and/or protonic organic solvent are not used as a reaction solvent in the manufacture of unsaturated quaternary ammonium salt. The antistatic resin composition further comprises polyfunctional (meth)acrylate and/or polyfunctional (meth)acrylamide. EXAMPLE - 100 Pts. wt. polyoxyethylene laurylamine and 0.3 pts. wt. 4-methoxy phenol were added to a flask. 12.2 Pts. wt. acetic acid was dripped to the flask at 30 degrees C or less. The temperature of flask was raised to 60 degrees C, and 28.9 pts. wt. glycidylmethacrylate was dripped for 1 hour. The temperature of flask was raised to 80 degrees C, and the mixture was stirred for 7 hours. 140 Pts. wt. unsaturated quaternary ammonium salt as addition product of glycidylmethacrylate and polyoxyethylene laurylamine/acetate was obtained as yellow viscous liquid with concentration of 99.8%, moisture content of less than 1% and yield of 99.2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal wire comprises gold nano wire, silver nano wire and copper nanowire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent is water-alcohol mixed solvent. The alcohol is volatile methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or isopropanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is transparent substrate. The substrate is glass substrate, polyethyleneterephthalate substrate, polyimide substrate, polydimethyl siloxane substrate, polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal element is transition metal element, lead, tin and alkali element. The second part of the transition metal elements are iron, copper, cobalt, fierce, silver, and/or gold.
EXAMPLE - In a two-neck flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser was charged with 1 equivalent of potassium carbonate and 1 equivalent of 1H-1,2,4-triazole dissolved in dimethylformamide. This mixture was heated at 80 degrees C for 1 hour under agitation. In addition, poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene-alt-2-iodoethyl vinyl ether)-co-(chlorotrifluoroethylene-alt-glycerol carbonate vinyl ether) terpolymer (0.8 equivalents of iodine units) was dissolved in dimethylformamide at room temperature. This solution was then introduced into the mixture of potassium carbonate and 1H-1,2,4-triazole in dimethylformamide at 80 degrees C. The reaction mixture was heated at 80 degrees C under vigorous stirring for 20 minutes. After cooling, the crude reaction product was precipitated in an excess of ultra-pure water to remove potassium carbonate and unreacted 1H-1,2,4-triazole. The solution was filtered and the recovered solid was dried for 48 hours at room temperature and then for 24 hours at 50 degrees C under vacuum to obtain 70-80% of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene-alt-2-chloroethyl vinyl ether)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol-co-(chlorotrifluoroethylene-alt-glycerol carbonate vinyl ether) terpolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The compound (I) further has structural unit of formula: -Ar1- (III).Ar1=arylene or hetero arylene containing thiophene ring.Preferred Property: The indene derivative (I) is a high molecular compound having weight average molecular weight of polystyrene conversion of more than 3x 103. EXAMPLE - 3.24 g Diisopropylamine and 40 ml dehydrated tetrahydrofuran were mixed, 20 ml hexane solution of n-butyllithium was added to the mixture, and stirred for 1 hour to obtain solution (A). 2 g 5,6-Difluoro-benzo(1,2,5)oxadiazole, and 300 ml dehydrated tetrahydrofuran were mixed, cooled to -78 degrees C and solution (A) was dripped within 5 minutes, stirred at -78 degrees C for 5 minutes, and 3.63 ml trimethylsilyl chloride was dripped within 5 minutes. The reactor was heated to room temperature for 10 minutes after dripping, and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain 3.33 g 5,6-difluoro-4,7-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (86.5%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The flatting agent is ceramic powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thixotropic agent is nano carbon powder thixotropic agent, nano silicon dioxide thixotropic agent and/or organic bentonite thixotropic agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier further comprise auxiliary agent. The auxiliary agent comprises dispersant, thixotropic agent and flatting agent. The dispersant is cationic dispersant, anionic dispersant, non-ionic dispersant and/or amphoteric type dispersant. The cationic dispersant is polyethyleneimine dispersant, dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride dispersant and/or bis imidazoline-containing quaternary ammonium dispersant. The anionic dispersant is soy lecithin phospholipid dispersant. The non-ionic dispersant is fatty alcohol ethoxylate dispersant. The amphoteric dispersant is coco-sulfopropyl betaine dispersant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive is selected from acrylic resin, epoxy resin or polyurethane, the alcohol is selected from ethyl alcohol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol. The nano carbon material is selected from carbon black or acetylene black. The function auxiliary agent is terpineol or ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The triphenylamine side chain-containing polymer is prepared by dissolving tert-butyl-dithiatricyclo-dodeca-pentaen-5-yl trimethylstannane compound (A) of formula (II) and 2,5-dibromo-3-((E)-2-(4-(diphenylmethyl)phenyl)ethenyl)thiophene (B) of formula (II) in molar ratio of 1:-1-1.2 in an organic solvent containing dissolved catalyst, in oxygen-free environment, reading, cooling, polymerizing, separating and purifying. Preferred Composition: The catalyst is triphenylphosphine palladium or palladium tetrakistriphenylphosphine, such that the molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100, or palladium acetate and tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine in molar ratio of 1:4-8, or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl in molar ratio of 1:20-1:100. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoactive layer further contains fullerene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive layer contains fluorine-containing alloy resin, polyester resin and/or acrylic resin. The fluorine-containing resin contains tetrafluoroethylene-vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, chlorotrifluoroethylene-ethylene ether copolymer and/or chlorotrifluoroethylene-vinyl ester copolymer. The plasma graft treatment layer is formed with hydroxy, carboxy, amino, carbonyl, siloxane and/or silane graft copolymer. The siloxane is allyl siloxane, vinyl siloxane and/or fluorine-containing silicone. Preferred Properties: The thickness of solar cell insulation back material, adhesive layer and plasma graft treatment layer is 100-450 mu m, 5-25 mu m and 0.001-10 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The non-solvent is double distilled water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or N,N-dimethylacetamide, preferably N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The phase change material is n-pentane, isopentane or neopentane, preferably isopentane. The usage amount of phase change material is 2-6 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polysulfone material is polysulfone, polyether sulfone or polyaryl sulfone. The mass ratio of polysulfone substance and solvent is 1:1-1:15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal powder comprises copper powder, lead powder and aluminum powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier is acrylic acid resin, hexyl cellulose or cellulose. The organic solvent is sesame oil, terpineol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, or sorbitol anhydride monostearate, where the organic solvent comprises organic additive chosen from thixotropic agent, plasticizer and surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method comprises: pouring the domestic sewage discharge ditch mud and analog preparation molasses wastewater into the anode chamber, connecting the plastic pipes and metering pump externally, then continuously processing the wastewater in the anode chamber; and pouring the solution containing 500 mg/l silver nitrate solution and other metal ions into the cathode chamber, connecting the plastic pipes and metering pump externally, precipitating metals and recovering the simple metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The film is provided with a back electrode that is coated with aluminum paste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The film is made of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The electrode is included in a solar fuels generator or electrolysis device. The active layer is a barrier between oxygen and the electrode base, or barrier between a liquid electrode and the electrode base. The active layer is patterned. The pattern includes recesses extended into the active layer or through the active layer. The recesses include carbon dioxide reduction catalyst (C2) and activator (A2). Preferred Property: The pattern has dimensions of less than 100 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The activator is carbene, preferably N-heterocyclic carbene, or amine. The catalyst is organometallic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is cross-linked. The polymer is of formula: -(R1-C(R8)(-S/C1)-R2)m-(R3-C(R9)(-S/C2)-R4)n-(R5-C(R10)(-C/L)-R6)p-(R7)q-.m,n,p,q=0 or more, in which at least m and n are 0 or more;S/C1=side chain including catalyst;S/C2=side chain including activator;C/L=cross-linker which is bonded to the backbone of another polymer chain of compound (I) or to another region on backbone of compound (I);R1-R7=absent, alkylene, alkylene oxide, alkenylene, alkenylene oxide, bivalent ether, bivalent carbonate, arylene, bivalent amine, bivalent ester or bivalent silane;andR9,R10=H or halo.Preferred Property: The active layer has thickness of less than 1 micron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The contact layer is made from polyester, silicone and thermosetting polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fire-retardant material is chosen from hydrated metal silicate, alumina hydrate, antimony-containing compound, phosphorus-containing compound, and halogenated compound. The solar-reflective coating composition includes at least one solar-reflective pigment. The solar reflective pigment is chosen from titanium dioxide, pearlescent pigment including mica, pearlescent pigment including titanium dioxide, mirror-processed silica pigments based on metal-doped silica, silica encapsulated metal flake pigment, and alumina. A fire-retardant particulate material used in coating of substrate surface is intumescent and non-intumescent fire-retardant material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solar reflective coating composition comprises at least one binder material chosen from metal silicate composition, silica phosphate, and polymeric binder composition. The polymeric binder material is chosen from polyurethane, poly(meth)acrylate, polysilicone, fluoropolymer, and polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass composition comprises 20-70 wt.% lead oxide, 20-70 wt.% tellurium oxide, 0.1-20 wt.% lithium oxide, and metal oxide including sodium oxide, potassium oxide and/or bismuth oxide, preferably lead oxide, tellurium oxide, lithium oxide and bismuth oxide, or lead oxide, tellurium oxide, lithium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide and silica, or lead oxide, tellurium oxide, lithium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide and bismuth oxide, or lead oxide, tellurium oxide, lithium oxide, sodium oxide, silica, potassium oxide and bismuth oxide. The amount of glass composition with respect to total amount of the electrode composition, is 0.1-20 wt.%. Preferred Property: The glass composition has glass transition temperature (Tg) of 200-400 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive particles include silver particles, copper particles or nickel particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is chosen from 13 compounds e.g. propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether propionate, ethyl ether propionate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is chosen from 24 resins e.g. alkyd resin, acrylic resin, vinyl acetate resin, melamine resin, urea-based resin, polyether-based resin, styrene-based resin, xylene-based resin, aliphatic petroleum resin and terpene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The case comprises a diffusion layer that is made of alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The casing is made of aluminum-lithium alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cylindrical side envelope is made of a polymer material that is selected from a group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(methyl methacrylate), polyoxyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene and/or cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is chosen from carbodiimide compound, polyfunctional epoxy compound, oxazoline compound, polyfunctional hydrazide compound, isocyanate compound, melanin compound and/or urea compound. The weight ratio of the crosslinking agent is 1-200 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. acidic radical-containing water-soluble polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The volume-compensating element is made of metal-based material containing aluminum, copper, nickel or stainless steel, or carbon-based material, plastic based material or glass based material. The conductive layer of the volume-compensating element is made of copper, nickel, stainless steel, aluminum, soot, graphite or graphene. The anode is made of lithium, lithium alloy, carbon or silicon carbon composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive liquid is an aqueous salt solution. A fastening device (55) is provided for fixing the battery in the receptacle. The receptacle comprises a ventilation device (60) for ventilating an interior space of the receptacle. The receptacle is made of a non-conductive material, preferably plastic. A cooling device is provided for cooling the electrically conductive liquid. A conductivity measuring device is provided for measuring an electric conductivity of the liquid. A pressure measuring device is provided for measuring a pressure within the receptacle. A temperature measuring device is provided for measuring a temperature of the electrically conducting liquid. A regulating device is provided for adjusting the electrical conductivity of the liquid. The battery is a lithium-based battery. The battery is defective. Preferred Method: The method for deactivating and storing batteries comprises: providing the device apparatus comprising receptacle for receiving at least one battery to be deactivated; filling an electrically conductive liquid into the receptacle, such that electrically conductive connection is produced, and inserting the battery into the receptacle for deactivating and storage of the battery. A residual charge- and/or voltage of the battery is measured before introducing into the receptacle and an electrical conductivity of the liquid is adjusted depending on the measured residual charge, such that the battery is deactivated without excessive heat input. The battery in the storage container is transported to a destination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The activating agent is organic acid. The solvent is diethylene glycol monobutyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solid is rosin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of pigment support component is 5-400 parts mass with respect 100 parts mass pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic compound is chosen from polyether, polyester, polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, and sulfur-containing poly isopropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent is chosen from ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, m-cresol and chloroform. The dopants (D1) and (D2) are chosen from hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, perfluorinated sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, polystyrenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyaniline particles exhibit diffraction peak based on X-ray diffraction measurement at 2 theta of 16.7 degrees , 22.4 degrees , 26.5 degrees , 27.5 degrees and 30.2 degrees , and have density of 40-200 mg/mL. Preferred Composition: The polyaniline particles include 70% or more particles having average particle diameter of 40-60 nm and 95% or more particles having average particle diameter of 30-80 nm. The polyaniline particles are in form of cube having maximum angle of 90-120 degrees . The conductive composition is paste type composition. The conductive composition further contains additive(s) including conductive agent and binder. Preferred Process: The undoped polyaniline is pulverized.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The imidazole compound is of formula (I), preferably chosen from 1-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)imidazole, 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-n-butyl-2-methylimidazole, and 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole. The catalyst (C) is bismuth compound. The polyol (A) is polyol (A1) chosen from esterified substance of 8C or more hydroxyl-containing fatty acid and polyhydric alcohol, multimer of 8C or more hydroxyl-containing unsaturated fatty acid, reduced multimer of 8C or more unsaturated fatty acid, and hydroxyl group-modified esterified substance of 8C or more unsaturated fatty acid and/or 8C or more unsaturated fatty acid, and polyhydric alcohol, and polyol (A2) chosen from polycaprolactone diol, polycaprolactone triol, polycaprolactone tetraol, polycarbonate diol, and polyacrylate polyol. The polyol (A) is preferably chosen from castor oil and hydrogenated castor oil. The content of polyol (A1) and polyol (A2) in the coating composition is 10-70 parts mass and 30-90 parts mass, respectively, with respect to 100 parts mass polyol (A). The content of imidazole compound in the coating composition is 0.005-8 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass polyol (A). The coating composition further contains coloring component (D), and water repellent (E) and/or fluororesin (F).R1=H, 1-4C alkyl, 3-8C cycloalkyl, 1-4C hydroxyalkyl, 6-10C aryl, or acyl;R2,R3=H, halo, 1-4C alkyl, 1-4C hydroxyalkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or carboxy;R2+R3+C=aryl;R4=H, 1-12C alkyl, optionally substituted functional group of formula (ii), 2-4C alkenyl, or arylalkyl;R5=H or 1-4C alkyl;andp=1-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The to-be-coated article contains gel-coating material containing epoxy resin laminated on plastics or metal base material. The base material has a primer coating film containing epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic particles are selected from inorganic oxide or inorganic nitride, particularly silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride or boron nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The other inorganic semiconductor particles are silicon particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor film contains 0.5-80 %mass compound (A) and 0.5-80 %mass compound having reducing power. Compound (A) is glycerol, thioglycerol, cyano compound, and/or polyvinylidene fluoride. The compound having reducing power is glycerol and/or thioglycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (i), the coupling agent used is silane coupling agent or titanate coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (i), the molar ratio of inorganic acid alkyl ester and water, is 1: 3-4. In the step (ii), the initiator used is azobisisobutyronitrile or azobisisobutyronitrile heptanenitrile. In the step (i), the organic solvent used is an organic alcohol having 2-4C or less. In the step (iv), the organic solvent used is tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ester of polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate monomer includes ethylene oxide in 5-30 sections. In the step (ii), the molar ratio of polyoxyethylene methyl methacrylate monomer and polydimethylsiloxane, is 1: 0.1-1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The initiator is sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate. The demulsification liquid comprises 2-5% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The emulsifying agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl ammonium sulfate or potassium dodecyl sulfate. The electrolyte further comprises solute and solvent. The solute comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiN(SO2CF3)2), or lithium bis(fluorosulfuryl) imide (LiN(SO2F)2). The solvent is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, or acetonitrile. The solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Mass ratio of acrylate monomer, styrene monomer, methyl methacrylate monomer and acrylonitrile monomer is 1-2:1-2:1-4:1-4. The supporting substrate is polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flame retardant comprises triphenyl phosphate, zinc borate and ammonium polyphosphate at ratio of 40:30:30.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The UV light absorbent is 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole. The crosslinking agent is N,N-methylenebisacrylamide. The tackifier is hydrogenated rosin resin. The antioxidant is tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anion ligand is bidentate ligand of formula (I), preferably chosen from ligand of formulae (i)-(xiv). The counter cation is cation containing heteroatom chosen from nitrogen atom and phosphorus atom, preferably cation of formulae (II)-(IV).R1,R2=alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl (all optionally substituted);Z=nitrogen atom or phosphorus atom;andR3-R11=H, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aralkyl or aryl, in which R3-R11 optionally combine with each other to form ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by reacting Ar2 compound with halogen and carboxy-substituted compound, adding alkyl-substituted amino or acylamino compound and nitrogen, reacting and halogenating. Compound (II) is prepared by reacting Ar1 compound with carboxy-substituted compound and carboxyl chloride, adding alkylamino or acylamino-substituted compound, reacting and halogenating. Preferred Method: The preparation method includes polymerizing using tin reagent and/or borate reagent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The shaped thickness of material is made of a material selected from a metal, a thermally formed polymer, a fiberglass, or a synthetic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyolefin comprises polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Photo-crosslinking agent comprises polyethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate, and/or bisphenol ethoxylate dimethacrylate. Inorganic particles are silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), titanium barium oxide (BaTiO3), lithium oxide (Li2O), lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), lithium nitride (Li3N), barium oxide (BaO), sodium oxide (Na2O), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), lithium aluminate (LiAlO2), titanium strontium oxide (SrTiO3), tin oxide (SnO2), cerium oxide (CeO2), magnesium oxide (MgO), nickel oxide (NiO), calcium oxide (CaO), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc peroxide (ZrO2), and/or silicon carbide (SiC). Lithium salt comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium hexafluoroantimonate (LiSbF6), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6), lithium difluoromethanesulfonate (LiC4F9SO3), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium aluminate (LiAlO2), lithium tetrachloroaluminate (LiAlCl4), lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium iodide (LiI), lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiB(C2O4)2), and/or lithium trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide (LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2)). Organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, g-butylrolactone, and/or ethylene glycol dimethyl ether. Preferred Parameters: Solid polymeric electrolyte has thickness of 10-500 mu m. Inorganic particles have mean diameter of 1 nm to 10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The process of infusing secondary fiber material with secondary resin such as high-strength resin such as vinyl ester, epoxy, polyurethane, hybrid resin which is on top of portion of cured blade component forms integrated reinforced section on cured blade component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pigment is titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoro-resin is polyvinylidene fluoride chosen from vinylidene fluoride homopolymer and vinylidene fluoride copolymer. The vinylidene fluoride copolymer is fluorinated vinylidene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, fluorinated vinylidene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated vinylidene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated vinylidene-trifluoro ethylene copolymer, fluorinated vinylidene-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene terpolymer or fluorinated vinylidene-chlorotrifluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene terpolymer, and has copolymerization ratio of vinylidene fluoride unit of 85 mol% or more. The composition further contains 0.5-2 %mass polyalkylene glycol fatty acid ester, 0.1-10 %mass thermostabilizers and 10-30 parts mass other thermoplastic resins with respect to 100 parts mass fluoro-resins. The other thermoplastic resin is methacrylate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent contains water. Preferred Property: The pH of the solvent is 0.1-8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sulfonic-acid-group-containing monomeric unit in the polymer dispersing agent is monomeric unit derived from aromatic sulfonic acid or its salt. The ethylenic unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid monomeric unit in the polymer dispersing agent is derived from component chosen from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and their salts. The content of sulfonic-acid-group-containing monomeric unit in the polymer dispersing agent is 10-80 mol%. The content ratio of sulfonic-acid-group-containing monomeric unit and ethylenic unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid monomeric unit is 0.5-4. Preferred Property: The surface resistivity of electroconductive film is 20 Omega /square or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal inorganic source component nano particle is represented as iron oxide and titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal inorganic source component nano particle is represented as aluminum, gold, and silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide has average particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer has melt flow rate of 1-10 g/10 minutes. The sealing film has haze value of 5 or less and light transmittance of 90.5% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode comprises aluminum, magnesium, cerium, zinc, and/or their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of trifluoromethanesulfonate anion is 4 mol% or more with respect to anions of ionic liquid and supporting electrolyte. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The radical skeleton has nitroxyl radical. The radical compound is 2,2,6,6-tetraalkyl 1-oxyl-piperidinyl skeleton. The positive electrode contains a polymer having radical skeleton. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains a monomolecular compound having radical skeleton as radical compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The softening point of the terpene phenol component is 80 degrees C or more. The total content of the hydroxyl group is 50-20000 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass hydroxyl group terminal urethane prepolymers of the terpene phenol component and the hydroxyl value of the terpene phenol component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material contact bonding layer contains polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali is 1-10% ammonia or 0.1-1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Hot melt pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (I) comprises 15-25 wt.% styrene-isoprene-styrene rubber elastomer (I), 10-20 wt.% styrene-isoprene-styrene rubber elastomer (II), 10-20 wt.% polyolefin rubber (I), 10-20 wt.% polyolefin rubber (II), 30-40 wt.% petroleum resin and 0.5-1 wt.% initiator. Hot melt pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (II) comprises 15-25 wt.% styrene-isoprene-styrene rubber elastomer (I), 10-20 wt.% styrene-isoprene-styrene rubber elastomer (II), 10-20 wt.% polyolefin rubber (I), 10-20 wt.% polyolefin rubber (II), 30-40 wt.% petroleum resin and 0.5-1 wt.% initiator. The sealant layer comprises 5-25 wt.% polystyrene, 5-25 wt.% polydiene, 5-15 wt.% styrene-butadiene-copolymer, 5-10 wt.% petroleum resin, 1-5 wt.% filler, 40-60 wt.% solvent and 0.5-1 wt.% initiator. The base film layer includes polyethylene terephthalate film layer. Preferred Properties: The thickness of hot melt pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (I) and hot melt pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (II) is 2-30 microns, base film layer is 2-30 microns, sealant layer is 2-30 microns, and double-sided silicone release film layer is 20-50 microns. The molecular weight of styrene-isoprene-styrene rubber elastomer (I) is 30-40, and styrene-isoprene-styrene rubber elastomer (II) is 15-30.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The transparent cover comprises quartz, glass, or plastic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The copper oxide core is formed by sol-gel process. The method further involves flowing electrolyte solution to gas transfer unit, and separating carbon dioxide by hydrophobic membrane. Preferred Composition: The conducting substrate is copper. The elongated copper oxide core is a nanorod or nanoribbon. At least a portion of the top surface does not have copper oxide particles deposited thereon. Copper oxide particles are crystallites. The electrolyte solution (e1) and (e2) comprises 0.01-0.5M sodium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas comprises methanol, ethanol, and propanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The proton conducting membrane comprises an ionomer or persulfonic acid/polytetrafluoroethylene copolymer. The hydrophobic membrane comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pressing plates are made of PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal (M) is preferably selected from boron, aluminum, gallium, silicon, germanium, tin, phosphorus, antimony, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, chromium, silver, lead, halides, chalcogenides, alkaline metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals. The metallic particles are selected from silver, aluminum, gold, nickel and/or copper or their alloys, preferably silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic vehicle comprises an organic solvent and one or more of binder, surfactant and thixotropic agent. The organic solvent is carbitol, terpineol, hexyl carbitol, texanol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate and/or dimethyladipate glycol ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder is selected from ethyl cellulose, phenolic resin, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl butyral, polyester resin, polycarbonate, polyethylene resin, polyurethane resin and rosin derivative. The surfactant is selected from polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, benzotriazole, poly(ethyleneglycol)acetic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, stearate salts and palmitate salts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nanocrystalline oxide layer is formed of the titanium dioxide. The conductive material is made of the indium tin oxide or the tin dioxide doped by fluorine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The repeating unit (a) is preferably of formulae (1)-(4).a1-a4=0-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (II) is 1:20-1:100. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The benzotriazole-containing polymer (I) is obtained by adding thiophene compound of formula (II) and benzotriazole compound of formula (III) in the molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 to organic solvent containing dissolved catalyst, coupling at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, cooling and separating reaction extract.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate comprises source and/or bottom contact drain electrode. The substrate (S1) further comprises spacer (s2) which is provided on top of the spacer (s1) to form a sandwich tunnel structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A surface of substrates (S1) and/or (S2) is treated to attract or repel the polymer solution, or a surface of spacer (s1) and/or (s2) is treated to attract or repel the polymer solution. A surface of substrates (S1) and/or (S2) is treated by coating the surface with silane composition. Surface of spacer (s1) and/or (s2) is treated by coating the surface with silane composition. Preferred Composition: The polymer fibers are formed from conjugated polymers comprising donor and acceptor units. The conjugated polymers are arranged in the fibers such that longitudinal axes of the conjugated polymers within the polymer fibers are aligned along longitudinal axes of the polymer fibers. The directionally aligned polymer fibers are adapted to transport charge between source and drain electrodes in a field effect transistor such that the field effect saturation mobility of the directionally aligned polymer fibers in the field effect transistor is 25 cm2/Vs or more. The conjugated polymers comprise regioregular polymers having regioregular conjugated main chain section which contains pyridine repeating unit of formula (I). The conjugated polymers comprise benzodiazole repeating unit of formula (II).Ar'=aromatic functional group;X=O, S, Se, or N-R;R=H or optionally substituted alkyl, aryl or alkoxy;andY',Z=H or fluoro.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer comprises repeating unit chosen from poly((E)-3-(5-((8,8'-biindeno(2,1-b)thiophenylidene)-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2- ,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione), poly((E)-2-(4,8-bis(icosyloxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-8,8'-biindeno(2,1-b)thiophenylidene), and 8,8-biindeno(2,1-b)thiophenylidene-type repeating units of formulae (VI), (VII) and (VIII). The polymer is prepared by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling methyl 2-bromobenzoate to form compound (x), hydrolyzing the compound (x) to form compound (y), performing Friedel-Crafts reaction on compound (y) to obtain ketone, synthesizing (E)-8,8'-biindeno(2,1-b)thiophenylidene from the ketone by Lawesson's reagent, selecting one or more isomers of (E)-8,8'-biindeno(2,1-b)thiophenylidene, brominating and stannylating the isomers, and performing polymerization reaction on the brominated and stannylated isomers to form polymer. The polymer is preferably of formula (V). The polymer comprises several (E)-8,8'-biindeno(2,1-b)thiophenylidene (BTP) units, each BTP unit has nonplanar twisted structure having splay angle between proximal aromatic rings of 20-30 degrees . The BTP is soluble in at least one solvent chosen from Tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and hexane. The polymer is functionalized or copolymerized to have peak absorption at a wavelength of 600-900 nm. The material composition comprises copolymer with monomer chosen from diketopyrrolopyrrole, dithienylsilole, bisthiophene, indacenodithiophene and benzodithiophene.n=not defined.N.B: n is not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Heat conduction material comprises 10-80 wt.% dimethyl phenyl ether, 10-80 wt.% phenyl silicon oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecyl aminopropyl amine, 1-12 wt.% terminated polyisobutylene, and 2-28 wt.% nano copper-nickel alloy particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The drying is carried out at 150 degrees C for 10-60 minutes, preserving heat for 1 hour and cooling to 40 degrees C. The curing is carried out by heating to 350 degrees C at 6 degrees C/minute, keeping temperature for 2 hours, cooling to 100 degrees C, and taking out.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The content of cyanate is at least 30%, preferably 70% of the functional groups in the copolymer. The epoxy resin is formed from aromatic epoxy resin. The cyanate is formed by aromatic cyanate resin. The epoxy resin system further comprises an additive, where the cyanate content of the additive is adjusted based on the linkage density. The system comprises 5 wt.%, preferably 10 wt.% bisphenol A as an additional curing agent. The system comprises reinforcement fibers in a matrix of the epoxy resin. The reinforcement fibers are formed by glass fibers and/or carbon fibers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The light metal component is made of aluminum component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The understructure includes insulating layer made of PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer is of formula (V) or (VI).R1'=selected from proton, alkyls, substituted alkyls, aryls, substituted aryls;R2=F;R3, R4, R5 and R6=selected independently from proton, alkyls, substituted alkyls, alkoxyls, substituted alkoxyls, halogens, aryls, and substituted aryls; andR and R1=independently selected from proton, halogens, alkyls, -O-alkyls, substituted alkyls, amino, N-substituted amino groups, aryls and substituted aryls.Preferred Process: The method involves the following reactions: (i) protection of carboxylic acid with a protection group; (ii) chloromethylation with two chloromethyl groups; (iii) a cyclization reaction at the two chloromethyl groups; (iv) hydrolysis of the carboxylate protection group; (v) exchange fluorine for bromine; and (vi) optional esterification of the carboxylate. It involves reaction 1 or its equivalents. Preferred Composition: The conjugated polymer has not less than 1%, not less than 5%, not less than 10%, or not less than 15% of the unfluorinated derivative. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The other monomer contains crosslinkable monomer and ethylenically unsaturated monomer which has a carboxyl group, amide group, or hydroxyl group. The copolymer has the (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer which consists of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having cycloalkyl group, and C4 or more alkyl group and (meth)acryloyloxy group as a monomeric unit. The cycloalkyl group is cyclohexyl acrylate or a cyclohexyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The tower has a highest tower segment made of steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fiber winding is formed in form of the composite material with a matrix made of a resin that is selected from duromere, thermosetting polymer, synthetic resins, elastomers and/or elastomers of thermoplastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is made of metal, semiconductor material, polymer, organic material, inorganic oxide, metal oxide, metal sulfide, metal selenide, inorganic sulfide or inorganic selenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The precursor of metal (M) is chosen from tetrakis(dimethylamido)molybdenum(IV), tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)molybdenum, tetrakis(diethylamido)molybdenum(IV), hexa (dimethylamido)molybdenum/tungsten. The precursor of metal element (Y') includes organometallic compound of formula: Y'R2, Y'2R', Y'2(R)2, Y'3(R)2 or Y'2(R)3, or 1,2-ethanedithiol.R=H, alkyl, allyl or aryl;andR'=C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cover is made of soft rubber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixture (m1) further comprises ethanol and toluene as solvent or suspension medium, and amine as dispersant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer binder is polyvinyl butyral and is not polyvinyl pyrrolidinone or PTFE. The content of polyvinyl butyral is 12-20 wt.% in mixture (m1). Preferred Properties: The pressure during wet-atomizing process is preferably 130-170 MPa. The wet-atomizing process is repeated up to 5 times, preferably 3 times. The coated substrate is sintered at 1300-1450 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical foaming agent is water, preferably of a deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The foam stabilizer is foam stabilizer L-6863, B8545 and/or B8534. The catalyst is dimethyl benzyl amine, N,N-dimethyl cyclohexyl amine, bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether, and/or pentamethyl diethylene triamine, preferably dimethyl benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl cyclohexylamine and bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether composite catalyst at mass ratio of 0.9-1.1:0.8-1:0.2-0.3. the isocyanate is PM-200.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyether polyhydric alcohol A is polyether polyol YD-1050, polyether polyhydric alcohols DD-380 and/or polyether polyhydric alcohols 8238. The polyether polyhydric alcohol B is polyether polyhydric alcohol NJ-6209, polyether polyhydric alcohols YD-8310, and/or polyether polyhydric alcohol YD-6205. The polyester polyhydric alcohol is polyester polyhydric alcohol CF-6320 and/or polyester polyhydric alcohols PS-3152.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes inorganic particle i.e. colloidal silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The initiator is benzoyl peroxide, potassium persulfate, azobisisobutyronitrile and N,N-diethyl aniline.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The sealing heat melting pressure sensitive glue layer comprises styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) rubber elastic body, SIS rubber elastomer, polyolefin resin, petroleum resin, and initiator. The film layer is polyethylene terephthalate film or biaxially oriented polypropylene film layer. The petroleum resin is hydrogenated petroleum resin. The polyolefin resin is polyethylene octylene resin, heptane olefinic resin, polyhexyl olefinic resin, pentanenitrile olefinic resin, polybutene resin, and polypropylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thermally conductive material is aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide and calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydroxy resin comprises hydroxy polyether resin, polyether polyhydric alcohols, hydroxy polyester resin, hydroxy polyether ester resin, epoxy resin, epoxy polyurethane oil, modified castor oil polybasic alcohol and hydroxy acrylic acid resin. The organic silicone resin is vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane polymer, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl acrylate. The vinyltriethoxysilane polymer comprises methyl methacrylate, hydroxy methacrylate, acrylic ester and hydroxy acrylate. The water remover is monocyclic oxazolidine, bicyclic oxazolidine, methyl isocyanate and ethyl orthoformate, or calcium oxide, molecular sieves, anhydrous aluminum sulfate and anhydrous calcium chloride. The flame retardant is N,N-bis-2-hydroxyethyl aminomethyl phosphonic acid diethyl ester, tris(diethylene glycol)phosphate, N,N-bis-2-hydroxyethyl aminomethyl phosphonic acid dimethyl ester, organic phosphate glycol, tetrabromophthalate diol and bromine or chlorine-containing polyether polyol, or polyammonium phosphate, melamine, melamine salt, phosphate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate and antimonous oxide. The thixotropic agent is gas phase silica, bentonite, lithium magnesium silicate, polyamide wax, hydrogenated castor oil and modified urea. The catalyst is tertiary amine, piperazine derivative, morpholine, imidazole derivative, organic tin, potassium carboxylate series, titanate and rare earth mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass powder comprises 1-10 mass% silicon dioxide, 10-30 mass% zinc oxide, 10-40 mass% boron trioxide, 30-50 mass% bismuth trioxide, 5-10 mass% aluminum trioxide and 1-7 mass% vanadium pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic binder comprises 1-10 mass% hexyl cellulose, 1-10 mass% casein or epoxy resin rosin, 0.15-2 mass% terpineol, 20-50 mass% benzyl alcohol, 10-30 mass% stearic acid, 5-20 mass% vinegar and 20-40 mass% carbitol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic adhesive comprises phosphoric acid, kaolin clay filler, feldspar and quartz. The backboard comprises aluminum oxide, metal oxide, alkali metal oxide, zinc oxide and boron trioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process involves utilizing 50-80 wt.% oligomer, 15-45 wt.% active diluting agent, 1-5 wt.% initiator and 0-1 wt.% auxiliary agent. Preferred Components: The initiator is a free radical photoinitiator or cationic photoinitiator. The auxiliary agent comprises photosensitive synergistic agent, nano rare earth oxide, flatting agent and antioxidant. The active diluting agent is polyfunctional diluent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The oligomer is unsaturation polyester, epoxy acrylate, polyurethane acrylic ester, polyester acrylic ester, mercaptan system, polyether acrylate, aqueous acrylic ester and/or a cation resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The silver nanowires have diameter of 30 nm. Preferred Composition: The silver halide is silver nitrate, silver acetate or silver perchlorate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is chosen from ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3- propylene glycol, glycerin, glycerol and glucose. The quaternary ammonium salt (I) is tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrahexylammonium chloride, tetrapropylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrahexylammonium bromide, tetrapropylammonium bromide and tetrabutylphosphonium bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The capping reagent is chosen from polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Heat conduction material comprises 10-80 wt.% dimethyl phenyl ether, 10-80 wt.% ethyl silicon oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecyl amine propylamine, 1-12 wt.% terminated polyisobutylene, and 2-28 wt.% nano copper-aluminum alloy particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The turbine component patch material comprises rare earth silicates and inorganic composition of environment-resistant patch, where the inorganic composition comprises rare earth monosilicate and/or rare earth disilicate,0-20 mole% of inorganic additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is chosen from calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, mica and talc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light-curing layer comprises 30-60 pts. wt. oligomer, 40-60 pts. wt. reactive diluent, 1-5 pts. wt. photoinitiator and 0.2-1 pt. wt. additive. The oligomer is unsaturated acrylate chosen from epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate and polyether acrylate. The photoinitiator is chosen from benzophenone, ( alpha )-hydroxyalkyl ketone, ( alpha )-aminoalkylphenone, benzoyl formate, benzil dimethyl ketal and bisacylphosphine oxide. The reactive diluent is chosen from butyl acrylate, styrene, vinyl acetate, hexanediol diacrylate and trimethylol propane triacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of aluminum oxide in zinc oxide and aluminum oxide target is 0.2-2 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer thin film layer is selected from one of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, bismaleimide resin, epoxy resin and polyolefin resin materials. The fiber enhanced organic glass material is selected from one of glass fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber and polymethyl methacrylate materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent material comprising (meth)acrylic resin is transparent microparticles. The inorganic phosphor is surface-treated by silane coupling agent. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of the transparent microparticles is 2-150 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The amount of multifunctional cage type polysilsesquioxane is 2-8 pts. wt., and coupling initiator is 0-4 pts. wt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Lead-bismuth-tellurium composition is formed from 5 wt.%, preferably less than or equal to 38 wt.% lead-containing compound, 10 wt.%, preferably less than or equal to 38 wt.% bismuth-containing compound, 10 wt.%, preferably 55 wt.% tellurium-containing compound. Paste composition comprises 50 wt.%, preferably less than or equal to 95 wt.% metallic particles, 0.1 wt.%, preferably less than or equal to 3 wt.% inorganic reaction system, and 0.01 wt.%, preferably less than or equal to 20 wt.% organic vehicle. Metallic particles consists of silver, aluminum, gold, nickel, copper, and/or alloys, preferably silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic vehicle comprises organic solvent, binder, surfactant, and/or thixotropic agent. Organic solvent consists of carbitol, terpineol, hexyl carbitol, texanol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, and/or dimethyladipate glycol ether. Surfactant consists of polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, benzotriazole, poly(ethyleneglycol)acetic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, stearate salts, and/or palmitate salts.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Binder cosnists of ethyl cellulose, phenolic resin, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl butyral, polyester resin, polycarbonate, polyethylene resin, polyurethane resin, and/or rosin derivative. Preferred Processes: Electroconductive paste is applied to antireflective coating on surface of the silicon wafer. Solar cell is produced by providing silicon wafer having front side and backside, applying electroconductive paste to silicon wafer, and calcining silicon wafer. Electroconductive paste is applied to front side of silicon wafer. Preferred Definitions:    a:b=10:90-90:10;    a:c=15:85-30:70;    b:c=10:90-80:20;    (a+b):c=20:80-80:20;    d=0-0.4; and    M=Li, B, and/or Si.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film has layer (A) comprising resin (a) containing polyethylene terephthalate as main component and layer (B) containing resin (b) having glass transition temperature of 20 degrees C or more which is lower than the layer (A). The polyester film has a three-layered structure obtained by laminating the layer (B), the layer (A), and the layer (B). The resin (b) contains polybutylene terephthalate as a main structural component. The copolymerized polybutylene terephthalate of resin (b) contains 3 mol% or more 4C or more aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and 3 mol% or more dodecanedioic acid with respect to 10-100 %mass of dicarboxylic acid components contained in resin (b). The composite further consists of a sealant layer in the metal foil side. Preferred Properties: The polyester film has thickness of 18-30 mu m. The thickness of layer (B) is 18-67% with respect to whole layer thickness of the polyester film. The resin (b) has melting endothermic peak temperature of 195-230 degrees C, when measured using differential scanning calorimeter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The storage battery plate is made of rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photoactive layer is formed of poly (3-hexylthiophene) and polies (9,9-dioctylfluorene-nose-benzo cya diazole).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The triphenylamine-containing polymer (I) is prepared by adding 2,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-carbazole derivative of formula (II) and 4-((E)-2-(2,5-dibromothiophen-3-yl)ethenyl)-N,N-diphenylaniline derivative of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 to alkali solution and catalyst in organic solvent, performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, cooling, separating, and purifying. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (II) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), mixture of palladium acetate and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine in a molar ratio of 1:4-8, or mixture of 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) in a molar ratio of 1:4-8. The molar ratio of solute of alkali solution with respect to compound (II) is 20:1. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Process: The reaction product is extracted with methanol and n-hexane, and then with chloroform as solvent, and dried.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cleaning solution is hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, ethanol and/or acetone. The metal solution comprises copper nitrate, zinc acetate, lead acetate, aluminum nitrate, cadmium chloride and solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and toluene. The carbon source is natural graphite carbon, graphite electrodes, graphite structure, nanocrystalline graphite and graphene. The crystalline silicon is monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon and/or microcrystalline silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, stearic acid monoglycerides and tristearin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gate electrode comprises gold, palladium, silver, titanium, chromium, nickel, graphene, AZO, indium tin oxide and fluorine doped tinoxide. The back electrode comprises gold, palladium, silver, titanium, chromium, nickel, AZO, indium tin oxide and fluorine doped tinoxide. The front electrode comprises gold, palladium, silver, titanium, copper, molybdenum, chromium, nickel, AZO, indium tin oxide and fluorine doped tinoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dielectric layer comprises aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, titanium dioxide, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride, hafnium oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, polydimethylsiloxane, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate and polystyrene. The chemistry solution is selected from hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive coating is PTFE resin, silicon oil or polyimide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer is manufactured in presence of metallocene catalyst. The content of component (B) is 0.2-5 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. component (A). The resin composition further contains hindered amine-type optical stabilizer (C). The content of component (C) is 0.01-2.5 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. component (A). The ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer contains 10-30 mol% propylene as comonomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of conjugated polymer compound is 10000-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (C) comprises 50-70 %mass phosphate-type compound, and 30-50 %mass compound chosen from phosphinate, diphosphinate and their condensate. The phosphate-based compound is of formula (III) or (IV).Q1-Q4=1-6C alkyl;R1,R2=methyl;R3,R4=H or methyl;n'=1 or more;n1,n2=0-2;andm1-m4=0-3.Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of compound chosen from phosphinate (I), diphosphinate (II) and their condensate component is 1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The component (A) comprises 90-100 %mass polyphenylene ether-based resin and 0-10 %mass styrene-based resin. The resin composition further comprises 0.1-5 %mass titanium oxide. Preferred Properties: The resin composition has inorganic filler content of 5 %mass or less. The lithium content of the hydrogenated block copolymer is 100 ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Antioxidant (I) includes butylated hydroxytoluene (antioxidant 264). Antioxidant (II) includes tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite (antioxidant TNP). The light stabilizer includes bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate (light stabilizer 770) and bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-sebacate (light stabilizer 292) in a mass ratio of 1:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The clamping elements include expanded polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The copper indium gallium hit thin film solar cell includes a buffer layer, copper indium gallium drop-absorbing layer, second transparent conductive layer and silver reflective layer. The transparent conducting layer is formed by indium-tin oxide (ITO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) and fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The acceptors are chosen from fullerenes and derivatives of fullerenes. The donors are chosen from 2-7-5-dip-tolylamino-thiophen-2-yl-benzoc-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4- yl-methylene-malononitrile, 2-7-4-A,A-Bis-4- methylphenyl-amino-phenyl-2,1 ,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl-methylene-propanedinitrile and tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of layer (C) is 2/3 or less of the thickness of layer (A). The polyolefin resin multilayer film has Young's modulus of 150-400 MPa in longitudinal direction and width direction. Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin multilayer film contains 0.1-5 wt.% particles having average particle diameter of 1-5 mu m, as a resin component of the layer (C), 5-30 wt.% rutile-type titanium oxide particles having average particle diameter of 150-500 nm, as a resin component of the layer (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Average reflectance with respect to light irradiated at wavelength of 360-830 on surface of polyester film is less than or equal to 10% and average reflectance with respect to light irradiated at wavelength of 830-2000 nm is greater than or equal to 15%. Temperature rise of surface on opposite side to irradiated surface is less than or equal to 35 degrees C when 250 W infrared light is released from single surface of 400 mm polyester film. Preferred Process: Polyester raw material is melt-extruded, wound up and solidified by cooling on drum with surface temperature has glass transition temperature of polyester resin of - 10 to - 55 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The pollutant refer to lose electron and substance, sulfur containing waste liquid, CN-waste liquid, NH4+ waste liquid, 2-benzene ring containing organic matter, CHC13, CCl4, biphenyl, dye, pesticide, printing and dyeing waste liquid and electroplating waste liquid, petrochemical waste and rubber waste liquid. The solution refers to electric conduction alkaline, inorganic acid, organic acid, polymer solution and ion liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The photovoltaic cells are selected from a mixture of copper, indium, gallium, selenium, cadmium telluride or printable or non printable organic material, selenium, and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The glass substrate is a plate glass or a calendered glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic film-forming material is selected from silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, barium oxide, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, zinc oxide, lead oxide, antimony trioxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, mica, lead white, and talc. The pigment is selected from iron yellow pigment, iron red pigment, iron black pigment, iron blue pigment, cobalt yellow pigment, cobalt green pigment, cadmium yellow pigment, cadmium red pigment, ultramarine blue pigment, fast yellow pigment, benzidine yellow pigment, nickel azo yellow pigment, zinc titanium white pigment, phthalocyanine blue pigment, phthalocyanine green pigment, pigment scarlet powder, and quinacridone red pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive is selected from colloid formed from alcoholate, organic salt, inorganic salt, organometallic compound and/or organic polymers. The colored glass further comprises additive and/or solvent. The additive is selected from catalyst, emulsifier, dispersant, polymerization inhibitor, rheological agent, anti-settling agent, siccative, anti-skinning agent, anti-shrinking agent, anti-impairment agent, anti-oxidation agent, lubricant, release agent, thermal stabilizer, light stabilizer, anti-electrostatic agent, abrasion resistant, thickening agent, and defoamer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The growth substrate is composed of gallium arsenide (GaAs). The first solar subcell is composed of an indium gallium aluminum phosphide (InGa(Al)P) emitter region and an InGa(Al)P base region. The first subcell is composed of gallium indium phosphide (GaInP), GaAs, gallium indium arsenide (GaInAs), Gallium Arsenide Antimonide (GaAsSb), or gallium indium arsenide nitride (GaInAsN) emitter region and GaAs, GaInAs, GaAsSb, or GaInAsN base region. The second subcell is composed of an indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) emitter layer and a GaAs or GaInAs base layer. The lower solar subcell is composed of an InGaAs base and emitter layer, or a InGaAs base layer and a InGaP emitter layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate comprises glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulator material comprises aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide. The semiconductor absorber material comprises cadmium telluride, indium-gallium-zinc oxide and copper zinc tin sulfide/selenide. The transparent conducting material comprises tin doped indium oxide, intrinsic zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide and indium-doped cadmium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate comprises flexible steel foil. The semiconductor absorber material comprises amorphous silicon alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate comprises polyimide film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The flame retardant is phosphate-based flame retardant, and/or nitrogen-based flame retardant. The amount of flame retardant is 1-50 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. polymer solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer solution contains 50-80 wt.% epoxy acrylate and 20-50 wt.% thermoplastic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The signal marker panel is formed with a material selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyvinyl chloride-coated polyester, vinyl-coated polyester, nylon, canvas, polyvinyl chloride-coated canvas, and polycotton canvas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The optical elements are made from LDC type polymer, PET, polycarbonate, mineral glass and organic glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The rare earth compound comprises 0.5-1.8 pts. mass dysprosium oxide, 0.5-1.8 pts. mass terbium oxide, 0.8-1.5 pts. wt. cerium oxide, and 0.5-1.8 pts. mass sodium nitrate. The silica is obtained by pickling quartz sand. The glass matrix comprises 70-72 pts. wt. silica, 8-10 pts. wt. calcium oxide, 12-15 pts. wt. sodium oxide, 0.5-3.5 pts. wt. magnesium oxide, 0.5-2.5 pts. wt. alumina, 0.5-1.8 pts. wt. antimony oxide, and 0.5-0.8 pts. wt. barium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solar photovoltaic glass surface is coated with metal compound thin film consisting of 85-95 pts. mass magnesium fluoride compound (MgF2H4), 3-7 pts. mass zinc oxide, 5.5-6.5 pts. mass alumina, 30-50 pts. mass polyethylene glycol, and 50-70 pts. mass water. The metal compound thin film is prepared by sol-gel method including spin coating, spraying or dipping membrane substrate into alkoxide sol; hydrolyzing and polymerizing to obtain gel; and drying and sintering to obtain thin film. Finally, after drying and sintering processing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sponge like nanomaterial is further purged in the presence of argon gas and heated to 900 degrees C for a period of time and cooled. The sponge-like nanomaterial is contained inside a nickel foam. In the composition of matter, the graphene is bound to fibers with a binding agent. The composition is oleophilic and hydrophobic. The composition has 5-20 wt.% of graphene. Preferred process: The desired format is a mat, net, chain, cube, sphere, or granulates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binding agent is a silicone based coupling agent. EXAMPLE - 20 mg/ml Amphioxide (RTM: Oxygenated graphene) solution in deionized water was prepared. The solution was sonicated for 1 hour. The sonicated material was transferred into a dish and left in a freezer for 5 hours at -30 degrees C. The dish was removed from the freezer and air blown the top for short time to be sure of the uniform cooling. The bottom of the dish was cooled using small amount of liquid nitrogen and left it in a freeze dryer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The germanium nanometer material is selected form group consisting of cobalt, manganese, nickel, zinc, titanium, rubidium, iron, boron, germanium, tellurium, lithium, silver, barium, cesium, scandium, chromium, silver, ruthenium, button, cadmium, indium, tin, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, iridium, molybdenum, constipation, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium and erbium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal is cobalt, iron, nickel, chromium, copper, manganese, tantalum and/or tungsten.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Monomer (I) has a nitrogen functional group. The stereo-contorted monomer is spirobifluorene, tetraphenylmethane, triphenylamine, and their substitutions with different functional groups. Both monomers are crosslinked together by trimerization of the monomer containing ethynyl functional groups and monomer (II) containing a stereo-contorted structured catalyzed by transition metal catalyst, or trimerization of monomer (I) containing cyano groups and monomer (II) containing a stereo-contorted structure catalyzed by trifluoromethylsulfonic acid or Lewis acid, or catalytic homocoupling of monomer (I) containing arylbromide or ethynyl groups and monomer (II) containing a stereo-contorted structure, or condensation coupling of monomer (I) containing ketone, aldehyde or anhydride, and monomer (II) containing arylamine, or Friedel-Crafts reaction of monomer (I) containing chloromethyl group and monomer (II) containing stereo-contorted structure. The monomers are porphyrin having thiophenyl functional groups. Monomer (I) is chosen from compounds of formulae (I)-(V). The spirobifluorene monomer is chosen from compounds of formulae (VI)-(X).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The porous polymer has a carbonized framework. Catalytic sites are uniformly distributed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum compound (D) is chosen from aluminum hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide oxide, aluminum sulfate, aluminum silicate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum benzoate, hydrotalcite, and aluminum stearate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphate ester-type compound (C) is a condensed phosphoric acid ester-type compound of formula (I) or (II).Q1-Q4=1-6C alkyl;R1,R2=methyl;R3,R4=H or methyl;n=1 or more;n1,n2=0-2;andm1-m4=0-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The component (A) comprises 70-100 %mass polyphenylene ether resin (A1), and 0-30 %mass styrene resin (A2). Preferred Properties: The injection molded component of the flame retardant resin composition having thickness of 1.5 mm has flame retardance measured according to UL-94 of UL specification after carrying out heat-aging treatment at 150 degrees C for 500 hours is V-1 or more, preferably V-0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is acetyl glycol-type surfactant of formula: HO-(-C(-H)(-H)-C(-H)(-H)-O-)u-C(-H)(-H)-C(-H)(-H)-O-C(-R4)(-R5)-CC-C(-R6)(-R7)-O-C(-H)(-H)-C(-H)(-H)-(-O-C(-H)(-H)-C(-H)(-H)-)w-OH (II). The unsaturated carboxylic acid metallic salt is 3-12C unsaturated carboxylic acid metallic salt.R4-R7=optionally substituted alkyl;andu,w=0-60.Preferred Property: The unsaturated carboxylic acid of unsaturated carboxylic acid metallic salt has a boiling point of 139-300 degrees C. Preferred Definitions:    M=zinc atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer membrane has surface energy of 50mN / m or more, and water contact angle of less than 30, the contact angle of the o-dichlorobenzene of less than 30. The conducting polymer is coated or surface-treated with the acidic solution or the organic solvent at 100-170 degrees C. The acidic solution is P-toluenesulfonic acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, and/or citric acid solution. The organic solvent is acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol, and/or dimethyl sulfoxide. The coating layer is formed by coating solution including surfactant, polyethylene glycol and solvent such as alcohol. The surfactant includes random copolymer of the propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, polyoxyethylene, block copolymer, alkylpolyglycolether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, acetylenic glycol, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The surfactant comprises acetylenic glycol having structure of formula Ra-C(A)(CH3)-C triple bond C-C(A')(CH3)-Rb (I), and polyoxyethylene having structure of formula (II).Ra1,Rb1,R1,R2=H or alkyl;A=-(OCH2CH2)m-OH;A1=-(OCH2CH2)n-OH;m,n=1-80;p=1-200.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass laminate further has silicone resin layer (b).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of unit (D) and unit (Q) in the polycondensate is 0.02-2. The polycondensate is polycondensation product obtained by polycondensing hardenable compound which consists of silicon compound of formula (III) or its multimer and silicon compound of formula (IV) or its multimer. The silicone resin of silicone resin layer contains cured product of curable organopolysiloxane which includes siloxane unit (A) of formula (V) and siloxane unit (B) of formula (VI).Rx,Ry=H, hydroxy or hydrolyzable group;R1-R4=4C or less alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl;R5,R6=4C or less alkyl or 3C or less alkenyl, in which at least one of R5 and R6 is 3C or less alkenyl;andAr'=optionally substituted phenylene.Preferred Properties: The thickness of silicone resin layer (b) is thicker than the thickness of the silicone resin layer (a). The thickness of silicone resin layer (b) is 50 mu m or less. The thickness of the silicone resin layer is 5-2000 nm. Preferred Definitions:    Ra,Rb=methyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fullerene derivative is PC70BM. The aliphatic thiol is octane dithiol. The iodine compound is diiodo octane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): A thiadiazole compound of formula (III) is halogenated using N-bromo succinimide and then polymerized with monomer which has bivalent structural units in presence of a metal complex catalyst, to obtain high-molecular compound (I). Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the high-molecular compound and fullerene derivative is 1:2-1:5. The bulk hetero-type photoelectric-conversion layer further contains iodine compound and aliphatic thiol. Preferred Properties: The transmittance of the visible region of the bulk hetero-type photoelectric converting layer with thickness of 100 nm is 50% or more. The bulk hetero-type photoelectric converting layer has chroma-saturation Casterisk-value of 1 or less based on JIS Z 8729-1994 in Lasteriskaasteriskbasterisk colorimetric system. EXAMPLE - 130 mg Oligomer (1b) and 58 mg 5,5'-bis(trimethylstannyl)-2,2'-bithiophene were added to a 10-mL Schlenk tube, dissolved using 1.8 mL anhydrous para-xylene and 0.6 mL anhydrous p-dimethylformamide. Argon gas substitution was performed for 30 minutes, and 6.9 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) was added to the solution, reaction mixture was stirred at 120 degrees C, extracted, filtered, purified by silica gel column chromatography, and vacuum-dried to obtain 0.11 g high-molecular compound (1-1) with yield of 84%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred (disclosed): Dodecacarbonyl triruthenium and ketimine are reacted to obtain ruthenium compound (I). Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=ethyl or isopropyl.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 14 Ruthenium compounds are disclosed e.g. 2,4,8,10-tetraethyl-5,6,6,11-tetramethyl-1,7-dioxa-5,11-diaza-6-ruthenaspiro(5.5)undeca-2,4,8,10-tetraene of formula (Ia), 2,5,8,11-tetraethyl-4,6,6,10-tetramethyl-1,7-dioxa-5,11-diaza-6-ruthenaspiro(5.5)undeca-2,4,8,10-tetraene, 2,5,8,11-tetraethyl-4,6,6,10-tetramethyl-1,7-dioxa-5,11-diaza-6-ruthenaspiro(5.5)undeca-2,4,8,10-tetraene, 2,4,5,8,10,11-hexaethyl-6,6-dimethyl-1,7-dioxa-5,11-diaza-6-ruthenaspiro(5.5)undeca-2,4,8,10-tetraene, and 4,5,10,11-tetraethyl-6,6-dimethyl-2,8-bis(propan-2-yl)-1,7-dioxa-5,11-diaza-6-ruthenaspiro(5.5)undeca-2,4,8,10-tetraene.    EXAMPLE - 2 g Dodecacarbonyl triruthenium, 100 ml decane and 2.9 g 5-methylamino-4-heptene-3-one were mixed in argon gas atmosphere, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 130 degrees C for 31.5 hours. The resulting mixture was filtered, cooled, and decane was distilled off to obtain orange liquid of 2,4,8,10-tetraethyl-5,6,6,11-tetramethyl-1,7-dioxa-5,11-diaza-6-ruthenaspiro(5.5)undeca-2,4,8,10-tetraene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Stress ratio A (~s_1/~s_2) in 4 directions is \-1.5. Ratio (A_m_a_x/A_m_i_n) of maximum stress ratio (A_m_a_x) with respect to minimum stress ratio (A_m_i_n) in 4 directions is \~1.2. Tensile strength at break ~s_3 in 4 directions during tension test of multilayer film is \-55 MPa. Strain at break ~i_2 in 4 directions is \-0.7. Tensile stress ~s_1 during strain at break ~i_2 of 0.5 (elongation at break of 50%) in 4 directions is \-45 MPa. Preferred Components: PO is crystalline polypropylene layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid is preferably of titanium chloride-aluminum chloride complex of formula: (TiCl4)a(TiCl3)b(AlCl3)v(MY'm)w.a,b=more than 0;andb=more than 0.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cation of ionic liquid is 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ion, 1-alkylpyridinium ion, N-methyl-N-alkylpyrrolidinium ion or ammonium ion. The electrolyte comprises phosphorus oxide or phosphorus sulfide. Preferred Definitions:    R=alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, phenyl, benzyl or amido.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide powder contains metal oxide (MoOx, where x is 3 or less), vanadium pentoxide, iron oxide, nickel oxide, antimony oxide and chromium oxide. The anode layer comprises indium tin oxide. A cathode layer contained in the polymer solar cell comprises calcium and aluminum. A metal oxide solution used in formation of polymer solar cell comprises mixture of metal oxide and hydrogen peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A polymer composite bulk heterojunction layer contained in the polymer solar cell comprises conjugated polymer(s) and/or fullerene derivative(s), preferably poly(4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-3-fluoro-2-( (2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-4,6-diyl)-iron oxide-(6,6)-Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7-F2O:PC7iBM).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicone adhesive sheet consists of 100 parts mass organopolysiloxane (A) of formula: R1aSiO(4-a)/2 (I) having polymerization degree of 100 or more, 10-150 parts mass reinforcing silica (B) with specific surface area of more than 200 m2/g, hardening agent (C) of preset amount which hardens component (A), 0-10 parts mass adhesion imparting agent (D), 0.1-50 parts mass filler (E) having average particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m. The component (D) contains at least one functional group chosen from alkoxy group, epoxy group, acryl group and methacryl group. The rear panel is a back sheet containing polyethylene terephthalate.R1=optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbyl;anda=1.95-2.05.Preferred Properties: The adhesive sheet has thickness of 0.3-2.5 mm, and embossed surfaces on both sides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible mount is formed of silicone, polyurethane, PVC or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic reaction system further comprises lead-tellurium-magnesium-calcium-strontium-barium-oxide component (Pba-Teb-(Mgw-Cax-Sry-Baz)-Md-Oe), and lead-tellurium-magnesium-calcium-strontium-barium-zinc-oxide component (Pba-Teb-(Mgw-Cax-Sry-Baz)-Znf-Md-Oe), where w, x, y, z is 0-1, w+x+y+z = c, w, x, y or z is greater than zero, the sum of a, b, c and d is 1, c is more than 0, but less than or equal to 0.2, (a+c+d):b is between 10:90 and 90:10, and e is a number sufficient to balance the lead, tellurium, magnesium-calcium-strontium-barium, zinc and M components, and M is selected from boron, aluminum, gallium, silicon, germanium, tin, phosphorus, antimony, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, chromium, silver, halides, chalcogenides, alkaline metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals. The inorganic reaction system further comprises bismuth. The electroconductive paste composition comprises metallic particles selected from silver, aluminum, gold, copper, nickel, and alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electroconductive paste composition further comprises an organic vehicle comprising an organic solvent and one or more of a binder, surfactant, and thixotropic agent. The organic solvent is selected from carbitol, terpineol, hexyl carbitol, texanol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate and/or dimethyladipate glycol ether. The binder is selected from ethyl cellulose, phenolic resin, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl butyral, polyester resin, polycarbonate, polyethylene resin, polyurethane resin and/or rosin derivative. The surfactant is selected from polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, benzotriazole, poly(ethyleneglycol)acetic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, stearate salts and/or palmitate salts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin base material is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The housing is made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The housing has a profiled element which is made of metal, particularly aluminum, copper or steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The support frame is made of concrete.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The support frame is made of polymeric material, polymer composite material or a combination of these materials. The housing is made of plastic, particularly polypropylene, polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anti-rust coating contains 11 pts. wt. filler containing 4 pts. wt. graphite powder, 2 pts. wt. aluminum powder and 9 pt. wt. pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-soluble monosaccharide is glucose. The water-soluble polysaccharide is sucrose, soluble starch or a soluble fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phosphorus compound is lithium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphorus pentoxide, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid pyrophosphate, and diammonium phosphate. The lithium compound is dihydrogen phosphate, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium phosphate, lithium phosphorous acid pyrophosphate lithium phosphate, lithium formate, lithium citrate, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium hydroxide, lithium tert-butoxide, lithium benzoate, lithium phosphate, dilithium hydrogen phosphate, lithium oxalate, and lithium sulfate. The manganese compound is manganese carbonate, manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate and manganese citrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is water, ethanol, acetone, benzene, methanol, n-hexane, water - ethanol, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol. The additive is ascorbic acid, citric acid, oleic acid, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, benzene sulfonate, PVP, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, lauric acid, sodium lauryl sulfate and a wax. The organic carbon compound is a phenolic resin, glucose, sucrose, carbon black, ascorbic acid, lactose, polysaccharides, cellulose, acetylene black, polyethylene glycol, Ketchen black, polypropylene eye, Azusa citric acid, bitumen, benzene, naphthalene, pyridine, quinoline, metal porphyrins, graphite and a fullerene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive is polyethylene alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The interior conduits are made of rubber or plastic. The lamina is made of a selected plastic material e.g. polypropylene, acrylic glasses or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rare-earth-element oxide is cerium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound having reactivity with cationic polymer contained in adhesive bond layer (15) is chosen from polyfunctional isocyanate compound, glycidyl compound, compound having carboxy group and compound having oxazoline group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cationic polymer is ion polymer complex consisting of acryl main structure derived from primary amine-grafted acrylic resin, polyallylamine or its derivative(s), primary amine-grafted polyethylenimine, polyethylenimine, polymer including carboxylic acid, and aminophenol. The corrosion-prevention process layer contains anionic polymer. The adhesive bond layer (15) further contains acid-modified polyolefin resin and compound having reactivity with anionic polymer, chosen from glycidyl compound, compound having oxazoline group and carbodiimide compound. The anionic polymer is carboxy group-containing polymer which is copolymer obtained by copolymerizing monomer mixture containing contains poly(meth)acrylic acid, its salt, (meth)acrylic acid or its salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The number average molecular weight of the conjugated polymer is at least 30000 g/mole, preferably 40000 g/mole. The conjugated polymer is 4-(4-(2-decyl-dodecyl)-thiophen-2-yl-5-yl)-7-(3-(2-octyl-dodecyl)-(2,2';5',2'')terthiophen-5-yl-5''-yl)-5,6-difluoro-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole. Preferred Definitions:    Z, Y1 = S;    X = F;    Ar1 = 2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'-diyl, where Ar1 does not contain any alkyl substitution; and    R = branched alkyl with 17-23C, or preferably 18-22C.    EXAMPLE - To a mixture of 100 mg 5,6-difluoro-4,7-bis(5-bromo-4-(2-octyldodecyl)-2-thienyl)-2, 1,3-benzo thiadiazole, 46.7 mg 5,5'-bis(trimethylstannyl)-2,2'-bithiophene, 1.1 mg tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), and 2.4 mg tri(o-tolyl)phosphine was added 1.6 ml chlorobenzene in a glove box protected with nitrogen. The reaction mixture was then sealed and heated at 145 degrees C for 2 days. The mixture was cooled and 10 ml toluene was added before precipitated with methanol. The resulting solid was collected by filtration, and purified and repetitive precipitation. The resulting solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in chlorobenzene and precipitated with methanol. The resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried to get 5,6-difluoro-4-(3-(2-octyl-dodecyl)-4'',5''-dihydro-(2,2';5',2'')terthiophen-5-yl-5''-yl)-7-(4-(2-octyl-dodecyl)-4,5-dihydro-thiophen-2-yl-5-yl)-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole (88%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The slurry composition further comprises a carboxymethylcellulose salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-woven fabric is point-bonded polyethylene, point bonded polyolefin, needlefelt fluoropolymer, spunbond polypropylene, spunbond polyurethane or a non-woven blend of polypropylene, polyethylene and polyester fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, ozone, metal salt or peroxide, preferably hydrogen peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The positive hole transport layer contains a conductive polymer. Preferred Process: The positive hole transport layer is formed by contacting positive hole transport layer with photoelectric converting layer in presence of an oxidizing agent, and polymerizing an electroconductive high molecular precursor of formula (III) having a repeating unit of formula (II) contained in the photoelectric converting layer by irradiating a light to the pigment.Y'=S, NR, or O;R=H or optionally substituted alkyl;andZ1-Z4=H, halo or 2-30C polyethylene-oxide group, or 1-30C linear or branched alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, 1-30C alkoxy or 4-30C cyclic compound-containing group (all optionally substituted).Preferred Property: The wavelength of the light is the absorption wavelength of the pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The imino ether compound is prepared using ortho-ester compound. Preferred Compounds: The imino ether compound is preferably of formula: (III)-(VI).m=n;R21=substituent;R11,R12,R13=alkyl or aryl (both optionally substituted), H or substituent;p=2-4;L1=p-valent group chosen from optionally substituted cycloalkylenyl, optionally substituted arylenyl and optionally substituted alkoxylenyl;L2=arylenyl or cycloalkylenyl (both optionally substituted);andL3=alkylenyl optionally substituted by alkyl or aryl (both optionally substituted).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of imino ether compound in the polyester resin composition is 0.05-5 %mass. The component derived from the carboxylic acid of the polyester is aromatic dibasic acid or component derived from ester-forming derivative. EXAMPLE - 8 g (trimethoxymethyl)benzene, 4.9 g ortho-methoxybenzidine, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and 25 ml toluene were mixed and reacted for 5 hours. Ethyl acetate/water was added to the resultant reaction mixture, aqueous phase was separated and organic phase was washed with water. The resultant organic phase was dried with magnesium sulfate, distilled to remove solvent and crystallized with ethyl acetate/hexane mixed solvent, to obtain 9 g (94%) methyl N-(2-methoxy-4-(3-methoxy-4-((methoxy(phenyl)methylidene)amino)phenyl)phenyl)benzenecarboximidate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Non-fused thiophene is substituted with greater than or equal to 1 fluorinated alkyl in 3rd and/or 4th position of non-fused thiophene. Non-fused thiophene moiety is 3-trimethylfluorothiophene, 4-trimethylfluorothiophene, 3,4-bistrimethylfluorothiophene, and/or 3,4-bis(trifluoromethoxy)thiophene. Preferred Conditions: Non-fused thiophene is connected to greater than or equal to 1 thiophene moiety by covalent single bond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Dye compound which is a small molecule is a polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (3) involves spraying or wrapped with silicon nitride particles. The step (4) involves adding electrically active dopant to control the target resistance at 0.80-3 Omega .cm. The step (4) involves placing the silicon material charged crucible into ingot furnace, evacuating and heating, where the heater power is controlled so that the ingot furnace temperature is gradually increased to 1530-1550 degrees C, when the silicon melts, and the crucible bottom temperature is controlled at 1410-1430 degrees C; after the silicon material is completely melted, lowering the heater temperature to 1425-1432 degrees C at cooling rate of 50-200 degrees C/hour to cool the molten silicon material; and initiating silicon seed crystal nucleation, controlling the heater temperature at 1425-1440 degrees C, and heat-preserving and controlling solid-liquid phase temperature gradient. Preferred Components: The adhesive layer in step (1) contains silica sol, polyvinyl alcohol or silicon nitride powder. The particulate silicon in step (2) has purity of 99.9999%, and particle size of 10-100 mesh. The electrically active dopant is boron-silicon alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The media comprises glass beads.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The media comprises silicon carbide powder, sodium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate/alumina blend.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The media comprises polymer beads.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The working fluid comprises polydimethyl siloxane. The absorber sheet comprises a multi-wall polycarbonate sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reproduction solvent is provided using the high frequency pulse charge to mix the distilled water 100 parts by weight, mica powder 3.8-5.6 parts by weight, tourmaline powder 2.7-4.5 parts by weight, graphite powder 3.8-5.6 parts by weight, magnesium 5.5-8.4 parts by weight and ethylene glycol 37-92.8 parts by weight based on the distilled water 100 parts by weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Preparing in (a) involves dissolving 0.027% wt./vol. NbCl5 powder into ethanol and adding deionized water which is in a volume ratio of 1:1 with the ethanol followed by stirring until the transparent precursor solution is formed. Preferred Conditions UV treatment in (b) is for about 20 minutes. The dye solution used in (e) is N719 dye solution in 0.4 mM and the time period for the Nb2O5-doped TiO2 NPs to sufficiently absorb the dye molecules is 12 hours. Preferred Composition: The TiO2 slurry in (d) is about 2g and the corresponding amount of niobium compound is about 92-964 mg per about 2g of the TiO2 slurry; the high-speed mixing in (d) is carried out at 2200 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 2 minutes and the defoaming is carried out at 2000 rpm for 2 minutes by using a conditioner mixer. The DSSCs contain 0.5-5.0 mol.%, preferably 2.0 mol.% of niobium compound. Electrolyte used in (h) comprises 0.2 M 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, 0.05 M iodide, 0.1 M lithium iodide, 0.2 M tetrabutylammonium iodide, and 0.5 M 4-tert.-butylpyridine in acetonitrile:valeronitrile (75 : 25) solvent. Preferred Components: The first film is composed of three layers of the TiO2 slurry and is formed by screen printing on the conductive glass. The second film is composed of two layers of the Nb2O5-doped TiO2 NPs-containing solution. The counter electrode is a tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) glass coated with platinum NPs (Pt NPs) as catalyst by a dip-coating process. The spacer used in (h) is a 25- mu m thick thermal-plastic spacer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antioxidant is dilauryl thiodipropionate, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, tris(2,4-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite ester, tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite ester, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, tetrakis(( beta )-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), ( beta )-(4- hydroxyphenyl-3,5-di-t-butyl)-propionic acid n-octadecanol ester, and N,N-bis-(3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic polyester is selected from polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, and polytrimethylene terephthalate. The compatibilizer is selected from ethylene acrylate copolymer, glycidyl methacrylate graft-modified ethylene methyl acrylate (EMAGMA), glycidyl methacrylate graft-modified ethylene butyl acrylate (EBA-GMA), glycidyl methacrylate-grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA-GMA), maleic anhydride graft-modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA-MAH), and dibutyl maleate. The polyethylene is low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, or linear low-density polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium source is selected from lithium carbonate, lithium hydrogen, lithium dihydrogen phosphate and lithium acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method involves utilizing solvent is selected from pure water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, N,N-dimethyl formamide, tetrahydrofuran and N-methyl pyrrolidone, the titanium source is butyl titanate or titanium acid alkyl ester, and the viscosity modifier is polyethylene alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamide and polyethylene pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is methanol, hexanol, hexylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, polycaprolactone glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode conductive agent is conductive carbon black, and the negative electrode binder is methyl cellulose, steel and/or benzene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metallic board is formed of carbon steel, stainless steel, titanium (TI), aluminum (AL), iron- nickel (Fe-Ni) alloy and iron-chromium (Fe-Cr) alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Adhesive layer is made of polyimide, epoxy and silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The powders of active materials are dispersed in a polymeric binder. Preferred Components: The carbon dioxide composite getter system further has a moisture sorber arranged outside the carbon dioxide-permeable envelope. The moisture sorber comprises dispersion in a polymeric matrix of a moisture-removing material comprising aluminosilicates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric binder comprises high density polyethylene, polypropylene, low density polyethylene, copolymer ethylene-octene, polyolefin modified with maleic anhydride, ethylene vinyl acetate, styrene-ethylene butadiene-styrene, ethylene propylene diene monomer and/or thermoplastic elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The thiophene polymer is obtained by chemically polymerizing alkoxy thiophene, amino thiophene, hydroxy thiophene and/or alkyl thiophene. The thiophene polymer is doped with polystyrene sulfonate ion(s) and complex ion chosen from chloride ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, fluoride ion, nitrate ion, nitrite ion, sulfate ion, hydrogen sulfide ion, sulfite ion, thiosulfate ion, acetate ion, hydroxide ion, cyanide ion, carbonate ion, bicarbonate ion, thiocyanic acid ion, permanganic-acid ion, phosphate ion, dihydrogen phosphate, monohydrogen phosphate ion, p-toluenesulfonic acid ion, citrate ion and hexacyanoferrate(II) ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent of the electrolyte includes cyclic carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, acyclic carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, methylisobutyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, aliphatic carboxylic acid ester, methyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, y-lactones, y-butyrolactone, acyclic ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, ethoxymethoxy ethane, cyclic ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, alkyl phosphate ester, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and trioctyl phosphate and their fluorides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first insulators and second insulators include at least one of acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polyimide amide resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, resist, silicon oxide, silicon oxide containing nitrogen, silicon nitride containing oxygen, and silicon nitride. The separator includes cellulose, paper, nonwoven fabric, glass fiber, nylon, polyamide, vinylon, polyester, acrylic, polyolefin, polyurethane, fluorine-based polymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethylacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, polybutadiene, polystyrene, polyisoprene, and their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic powders are inorganic oxide, inorganic nitride and silicon carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The unsaturated monomer (X) is maleic anhydride. The functional additive includes plasticizer, adhesion promoter, UV stabilizer and/or UV absorber, antioxidant, flame retardant, dyes/brightener, pigment and filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molar mass of grafted polyamide is 1000-5000 g/mole. The grafted polyamide includes polyamide 6 and/or polyamide 11. The polymer (p1) is polypropylene homopolymer, and/or heterogeneous polypropylene copolymer. The amount of polymers (p1) and (p2) is 60-90 wt.% and 10-40 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of metal oxide derived from metal oxide particles in the metal oxide film is 95 %mass or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydroxyl-containing high-boiling point solvent contains hydroxyl group in a molecule terminal, and alkyl chain or alkylene oxide chain as a basic skeleton.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate used during the formation of metal oxide film is plastic substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Water-based polyurethane resin is polyester-type polyurethane resin which has aromatic-polyester skeleton. Aromatic component of aromatic polyester skeleton is aromatic dicarboxylic acid component. Ratio of aromatic dicarboxylic acid component and isocyanate component of polyurethane resin is 70-90 mol.%. Coating membrane is formed from coating liquid containing 50-90 mass% water-based polyurethane resin, 3-20 mass% epoxy type crosslinking agent A and 0.5-4 mass% glycerol polyglycidyl ether. Biaxially stretched polyester film contains 0-18 mass% rutile type titanium oxide particle, or laminated polyester film containing 2 layers or 3 layers of surface layer (A) and base material layer (B) in which amount of rutile type titanium oxide particle in layer (A) is 0.3-5 mass% and in layer (B) is 10-20 mass%. Preferred Parameters: Film has melting subpeak 215-230 degrees C obtained by carboxyl terminal group concentration of 3-30 equivalent/ton and weight average molecular weights of 38000-58000. Layer (B) has thickness of 75-94% of total thickness.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin base material is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, acrylic resin, polycarbonate, triacetyl cellulose, cycloolefin polymer and PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester-type block copolymer contains 5-90 %mass hard segment. The soft segment is preferably polyether. The polyvinylidene fluoride type resin composition comprises 50-99 %mass polyvinylidene fluoride and 1-50 %mass polymethyl methacrylate as resin components, and white inorganic pigment. The content of white inorganic pigment is 1-40 mass parts with respect to 100 parts mass resin components. The resin composition of layer (1) contains flame retardant and/or weatherproofing agent. Preferred Properties: The adhesive resin layer has thickness of 5-50 mu m, softening point of 60-190 degrees C, and melt flow rate of 0.1-30 g/10 minutes at 230 degrees C under 2.16 kg load measured based on JIS K7210. Preferred Process: The multilayer sheet is formed by melt co-extrusion at 130-260 degrees C. Resin layer containing polyester resin, polyolefin resin and/or polyamide resin as resin component is laminated on the resin layer (1). Resin layer contained in solar cell backsheet comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as resin component is laminated on resin-layer (1) surface opposite to surface in which the adhesive resin layer is provided.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transesterification catalyst is chosen from metal salts of organic acid, metal salts of carbonic acid, metal oxides and metal hydroxides, preferably chosen from zinc salt of carboxylic acid, magnesium salt of carboxylic acid, zinc carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ester bond-containing resin is polyester resin or polycarbonate resin. The volume ratio of the fluororesin and ester bond-containing resin is 40/60-99.9/0.1. The content of the transesterification catalyst is 0.001-20 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass fluororesin, ester bond-containing resin, and catalyst. The fluororesin is ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer or tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The granular polymer particles are spherical particles, and have particle size of 3-300 mu m and refractive index of 1.4-1.55.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is resin accelerator, resin heat stabilizer and/or ultraviolet-absorber. The resin accelerator is peroxide chosen from benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane and 1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane. The resin heat stabilizer is chosen from dibutyl hydroxytoluene, sebacic acid and/or bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl). The ultraviolet-absorber is chosen from benzophenone, triazolyl and salicylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, thermoplastic elastomer acrylic resin, polyvinyl butyral resin or high-light-transmittance thermoplastic polyolefin resin. The thermoplastic elastomer acrylic resin contains di-block (A-B) type or tri-block (A-B-A) type of copolymer, preferably poly(methylmethacrylate-b-isoprene), poly(methylmethacrylate-b-butadiene), poly(methylmethacrylate-b-butadiene), poly(methylmethacrylate-b-isoprene-b-methylmethacrylate), poly(methylmethacrylate-b-butadiene-b-methylmethacrylate), poly(methylmethacrylate-b-isoprene/butadiene-b-methylmethacrylate), polymethylmethacrylate blocks, and vinyl-bonded rich polyisoprene block. The ethylene-vinyl acetate resin contains vinyl acetate content of 20-40 wt.%. The thermoplastic elastomer acrylic resin contains 30-50 wt.% poly(methyl methacrylate). The granular polymer particles are acrylic polymer containing polyacrylate resin or its derivative copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin layer (A) comprises 100 pts. wt. polyolefin particles, 0.1-5 pts. wt. crosslinking agent, 0.1-1 pt. wt. coupling agent, 0.01-0.5 pt. wt. antioxidant and 0.1-1 pt. wt. UV absorber. The ethylene-vinyl acetate layer comprises 100 pts. wt. ethylene-vinyl acetate, 0.1-5 pts. wt. crosslinking agent, 0.01-0.5 pt. wt. antioxidant and 0.1-1 pt. wt. UV absorber. The polyolefin layer (C) comprises 100 pts. wt. polyolefin, 0.1-5 pts. wt. crosslinking agent, 0.1-1 pt. wt. coupling agent, 0.01-0.5 pt. wt. antioxidant and 0.1-1 pt. wt. UV absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyester polyurethane polyol (A) is obtained by reacting trifunctional or higher polyisocyanate compound (G2), polybasic acid (E) and polyhydric alcohol (F) as essential components, or obtained by reacting polyisocyanate (G) comprising diisocyanate compound (G1) and trifunctional or higher polyisocyanate compound (G2) in mass ratio of 50/50-5/95 as essential component. Preferred Composition: The resin composition further comprises 50 mol% or more polyhydric alcohol (F) containing neopentyl glycol. The content of epoxy resin (B) and polycarbonate resin in the resin composition is 5-20 parts mass and 5-20 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass polyester polyurethane polyol (A). The ratio of total number of moles of hydroxyl group in the polyester polyurethane polyol (A), epoxy resin (B) and polycarbonate resin (C) with number of moles of isocyanate group in the polyisocyanate is 1/1-1/2. The tackifier is rosin-type resin having softening point of 80-160 degrees C. Preferred Properties: The hydroxyl value of polyester polyurethane polyol (A) is 5-30 mg potassium hydroxide/g, and acid value of polyester polyurethane polyol (A) is 2 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The swelling-layer-form clay mineral is bentonite or smectite, preferably smectite with concentration of 1.5-40 wt.%. The light-shielding pigment comprises titanium oxide and carbon black in weight ratio of 40:60.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The light-shielding agent is formed by dispersing liquid thickener containing acrylic acid-type polymer as a main component, which improves viscosity of water and light-shielding pigment in water, in water. The light-shielding agent further comprise aqueous adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is stannous octoate, dioctyltin dilaurate, monobutyltin oxide, monobutyltin triisooctanoate or dibutyl tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dispersant is polyamine block copolymer solution, acrylic block copolymer or highly branched polyester-based dispersant. The filler is polyether siloxane copolymer, polyether-modified fluorine siloxane, polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane or polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is ethyl, t-butanol, and ethylene glycol at a weight ratio of 10-20:5-10:1. The curing agent is vinyl triamine, diaminocyclohexane cyclohexane and methylene bis amine at a weight ratio of 1:0.8-1.2:1.5-2.5. The antioxidant is antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant 168 at a weight ratio of 1:1-2. The anti-UV agent is 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine and benzophenone 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy at a weight ratio of 1:1.8-2.6. The coupling agent is vinyl triacetoxysilane, vinyl tris-t-butyl peroxide silane and vinyl trimethoxysilane at a weight ratio of 1.3-2.2:1:2-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The weight ratio of the polyester powder to curing agent is 12-20:1. The defoamer is nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and silicon oxide at a weight ratio of 4-6:2-3:1. The thickening agent is carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose at a weight ratio of 1:1.5-2.5-0.5-1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface active agent is polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether. The organic solvent is anhydrous ethyl alcohol, isooctane or chloroform. INORGNAIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sparingly soluble or soluble compound is lithium carbonate, lithium chloride, lithium acetate, citrate, lithium oxalate, lithium formate, isopropyl lithium or long or short chain alkyl lithium, and sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, sodium oxalate , sodium lactate, isopropyl sodium, long chain or short chain alkyl sodium. The soluble titanium compound is tetrabutyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate or titanium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal plating layer contains silver, copper, aluminum, chromium and/or nickel. The mass ratio of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphite nanopowder 1: 1.5-2. Preferred Properties: The diameter of multi-walled carbon nanotubes is 30-60 nm. The particle size of graphite nanopowder is 200-800 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silane coupling agent is KH-550 (RTM: ( gamma )-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) and KH-560 (RTM: ( gamma )-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane), with mass ratio of 1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The heat-absorbing coating liquid contains 100 pts. wt. acrylic-modified epoxy resin, 80-100 pts. wt. amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 5-10 pts. wt. UV initiator, 150-200 pts. wt. solvent, 20-30 pts. wt. silane coupling agent and 250-300 pts. wt. thermally conductive filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The modified carbon material is used along with inorganic material and/or redox polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The redox moiety compound is of formula (III) or (IV). The redox moiety bears an ionic function. The ionic groups are bound to the surface of carbon material in addition to the redox moieties. The organic redox moieties are derived from benzothiazine, benzoxazine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, N-phenyl thiazine or nitroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves bonding dielectric organic material (250) and inorganic oxide to a surface of each of the metallic nanoparticles, and supplying an organic surfactant before or during the formation of metallic nanoparticles. Preferred Composition: The dielectric material contains element chosen from transition metals, post-transition metal and metalloids, material (a) including silicon oxide, hafnium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, barium-titanium composite oxide, yttrium oxide, tungsten oxide, tantalum oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, barium-zirconium composite oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, zirconium silicate, hafnium silicate and polymers. The metallic nanoparticles are formed of nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nitride nanoparticles, metal carbide nanoparticles, and intermetallic compound nanoparticles. The substrate includes surface layer containing metals, metal oxides, semiconductors and semiconductor oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The linkers include functional group(s) chosen from amine group, carboxyl group and thiol group. The organic surfactant contains nitrogen-containing organic material, sulfur-containing organic material and phase-transfer catalyst-based organic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-accepting dopant substance contains an aryl sulfonic acid compound of formula ((SO3H)IA-X-)q-B(II). The composition further comprises an organic silane compound.X=O;A=naphthyl or anthracyl;B'=2-4-valent perfluoro biphenyl;l=1-4;andq=2-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The active layer contains a fullerene derivative and a polymer containing thiophene structure in a principal chain. Preferred Definitions:    R5,R7=H;and    R6,R8=phenyl.
Preferred Definitions:    R1,R1'=group chosen from group of formulae (xxiii)-(xxxiii).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass frit (A) comprises 5-15% silica, 20-30% boron trioxide, 20-30% bismuth oxide, 1-10% molybdenum oxide, 5-10% copper oxide, 5-10% manganese oxide, 1-5% alumina, 1-5% titanium oxide, and 1-5% zirconium oxide. The glass frit (B) comprises 60-80% bismuth oxide, 10-20 wt.% boron trioxide, 1-10 wt.% silica, 1-5 wt.% zinc oxide, 1-5 wt.% titanium oxide and 1-5 wt.% vanadium pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is diethylene glycol ether, terpineol and/or carbitol acetate. The plasticizer is stearic acid, monostearate, wax, hydrogenated castor oil, tributyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate and/or phthalate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic binder further comprises 5-20 wt.% organic resin, 70-90 wt.% organic solvent, and 6-10 wt.% additive. The organic resin is epoxy resin, cellulose resin, phenolic resin and/or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The inorganic filler has average particle diameter of 0.1-3 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinking functional group is hydroxyl group or carboxyl group. The crosslinking agent is isocyanate crosslinking agent, melamine resin crosslinking agent, ammonia-based crosslinking agent and/or epoxy crosslinking agent. The solvent is toluene, butanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and/or propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of weathering layer (a) and weathering layer (b) is 10-20 mu m and 3-10 mu m, respectively. Preferred Component: The fluoropolymer containing crosslinking functional group is obtained by introducing crosslinking functional group to fluoropolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - First sealing layer is made of epoxy resin, ethylene vinyl acetate, cross-linked poly methane, poly-silicon, poly are edge furnace siloxane, and material or their combination selected in the cross-linked polyacrylate. Second sealing layer is made of ionomer, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyolefin, polyvinyl butyral, thermoplastic pulley urethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, siloxane material or their combination that are selected from their copolymer group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat conduction material comprises 10-80 wt.% hydrogenated terphenyl, 10-80 wt.% ethyl hydrogen silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecyl aminopropylamine, 1-12 wt.% polyisobutylene, and 2-28 wt.% copper manganese alloy nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The layer (p2) is layer formed from coating agent composition containing urethane resin, melamine resin and epoxy resin. The content of urethane resin is 80-99 %mass with respect to solid content weight in coating agent composition. The weight ratio of melamine resin and epoxy resin in the coating agent composition is 2-5. The urethane resin component includes polyester structure. The polyester resin comprises 1-25 %mass titanium oxide particles. The polyester resin is polyethylene terephthalate having intrinsic viscosity of 0.65-0.8 dl/g and terminal carboxyl group content of 25 equivalent/ton or less. The urethane resin is tri-type melamine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The film has cushion rate of 10% or more, average reflectance in wavelength of 900-2500 of 35% or more, whiteness of 20% or more and haze of 80% or more. The organic particles have hardness of 30-80 calculated using A-type durometer. Preferred Composition: The organic particles are silicone particles containing dimethylpolysiloxane as main structural component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: Energy storage device consists of lithium ion primary battery, lithium ion secondary battery, capacitor, supercapacitor, fuel cell, metal-sulfur battery, or metal-air battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Lithium salt contains lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), or bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Energy storage device further contains high-dielectric constant solvent or liquid electrolyte added in the polyelectrolyte. High-dielectric constant solvent contains propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DEC), or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC). Liquid electrolyte contains high-dielectric constant solvent and lithium salt dissolved in the high-dielectric constant solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: The 1st segment and the 2nd segment are staggered, repeated, or arranged in random. Molecular repeating unit x or y of the 1st segment is 300-900. Molecular repeating unit p or q of the 2nd segment is 50-200. Energy storage device contains plasticizer added in the polyelectrolyte. Plasticizer contains bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (SEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DSP), or diisobutyl phthalate (DIEP). Preferred Parameters: The 1st segment has molecular weight of 10000-90000. The 2nd segment has molecular weight of 10000-30000. Polyelectrolyte has ionic conductivity of greater than or equal to 10-5 S/cm at room temperature and without any solvent or electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible light guide element is made of a light guide material selected from a group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(vinylpyrrolidinone) (PVP), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base particle is wrapped with organic resin film. The organic resin film is formed with organic materials chosen from cyclodextrin, styrene and ferritin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The organic semiconducting material consists of at least one n-type semiconducting material and at least one p-type semiconducting material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxyalkylene moieties are oxyethylene moieties. (S1) is a polymer essentially all or all the repeating units are of formula (-p-O-), non ionic emulsifier, alkoxylated alcohol, alkoxylated acid, alkoxylated amine or alkoxyalted alkanolamide, fluorosurfactant, anionic emulsifier, alkoxylated sulfate, alkoxylated sulfonate or an alkoxylated sulfosuccinate or cationic emulsifier, preferably alkoxylated quaternary ammonium salt. The n-type semiconducting material is fullerene or its derivative.p = 2-10C divalent alkylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The p-type semiconducting material is a polythiophene or its derivative. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The iron salt is iron nitrate or iron chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) or Pluronic-F127 (RTM: ethylene oxide-and propylene oxide-based copolymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbing layer is also made of ceramic coating layer incorporated in a semiconductor material made from titanium nitride or a metallic material made from molybdenum. The anti-diffusion barrier is made of metal oxide, metal nitride and silicon dioxide, where metal oxide is selected from zinc oxide, alumina, and metal nitride. The metal-coated anti-agglomeration layer comprising metal is selected from niobium, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, titanium or rhenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium compound is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate or lithium citrate. The manganese compound is manganese nitrate or manganese acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of rare-earth magnet powder in the compression bonded magnet is 85-90 vol.% with respect to the total compression bonded magnet. The rare-earth magnet powder is isotropic neodymium-iron-boron magnetic powder. The case comprises nonmagnetic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The carrying steel is having tensile strength of more than 275 MPa and elongation of more than 34%. The coating weight of the aluminum coating layer is 10-200 g/m2. The thickness of: the chemical conversion coating film is 30-100 mu m; the adhesive layer is 2-30 mu m; and the film layer is 50-100 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Process: The thermal treatment process is performed by carrying out carbonization process at temperature of 25-1300 degrees C using nitrogen gas, hydrogen gas, argon gas or helium gas, and graphitization process at temperature of 1800-2900 degrees C using argon gas, hydrogen gas, or helium gas. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorinated emulsifier is perfluorooctanoic acid. The salt dispersant chosen from sodium perfluorooctanoate, ammonium perfluorooctanoate, or potassium perfluorooctanoate. The pH adjusting agent is dibasic potassium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate and borax. The chain transfer agent is ethanol, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate and/or diethyl malonate. The initiator is ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, potassium permanganate, succinic acid peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide and/or dialkyl peroxycarbonate. The reducing agent is sodium sulfite, sodium metabisulfite, oxalic acid, ferric chloride and/or sodium hypochlorite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The modification of fluorine-containing polymer is performed in presence of fluorinated emulsifier, salt dispersant, pH adjusting agent, chain transfer agent, initiator and reducing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The case comprises an outer element containing an elastomeric material i.e. rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor nanomaterial is formed of silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The semiconductor nanomaterial is embellished with metal nanoparticle formed of a metal e.g. platinum, gold and silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent electric conduction polymer is poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT): polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) or PEDOT/PSS doped with glycerol (G-PEDOT: PSS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The liquid polyurethane is applied into the groove of chassis element, while polyurethane polymerize is let into polymeric foam gasket.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The number of materials per unit area of the non-perforated hole is 30-5000 units/cm2. Preferred Composition: The gas diffusion electrode further comprises a microporous layer containing linear carbon on single side of the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric. The linear carbon is chosen from vapor growth carbon fiber, single wall carbon nanotube, double wall carbon nanotube, multi wall carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, carbon nano coil, cup laminated carbon nanotube, bamboo-like carbon nanotube, and graphite nanofiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing dopant material such as metal dopant or non-metal dopant, where metal dopants are tin, copper, silver, aluminum, chromium, iron, titanium, manganese, nickel, cobalt metal itself, a metal oxide, metal nitride, metal boride, a metal fluoride, metal bromide, metal sulfide or a metal organic compound, and the non-metallic dopant is silicon, phosphorus, boron, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, and elemental sulfur. The aluminum compound comprises alumina or aluminum compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The acrylonitrile-acrylonitrile oligomer is a homopolymer or a copolymer of acrylonitrile and its vinyl monomer. The vinyl monomer is styrene, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, and methylene butyric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electromagnetic shielding film is metal film or metallized film, preferably aluminum film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cage is made of metal rods.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The tubular bodies are made of fiber reinforced plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reactor is replaced with nitrogen gas. Preferred Composition: The persulfate initiator comprises potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate or sodium persulfate, preferably ammonium persulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The initiator comprises persulfate initiator or t-butyl peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The emulsifier comprises pentafluoroctanoic acid or pentafluorocaprylic acid. Preferred Properties: The polyvinylidene fluoride has molecular weight of 110-115 million, molecular weight distribution of 1.2-1.4, crystallinity of 20-35% and particle diameter of 6-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor nanocrystal-silicon heterojunction material is chosen from III-V and II-VI metal organic or inorganic group compounds. The crystalline silicon chip is monocrystalline silicon chip, polycrystalline silicon chip or microcrystalline silicon chip.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cleaning liquid is hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, anhydrous ethyl alcohol or acetone.The dispersing agent is carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, glycerol monostearate or tristearin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Matrix resin is selected from polyurethane resin or polyester resins. Flame retardant is selected from dimethyl methylphosphonate, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, methyl phenyl phosphate or melamine cyanurate. Filler is selected from iron white or coal black. Auxiliary agent is selected from flatting agent, de-foaming agent, ultraviolet absorbent or light stabilizer. Curing accelerator is organic tin. Solvent is selected from toluene, xylene or propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Semiconductor layer (I) comprises gallium-indium phosphide (GaxIn1-xP, x is greater than 0.1), and semiconductor layer (II) comprises aluminum-indium phosphide (AlyIn1-yP, y is less than 0.6). The substrate comprises gallium arsenide. The converting structure comprises indium-gallium arsenide (InaGa1-aAs, a is greater than 0 to less than 0.5). Semiconductor layer (I) closest to the substrate comprises Ga0.49In0.51P, and semiconductor layer (II) closest to the substrate comprises Al0.49In0.51P.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is selected from titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, talc, silica, calcium carbonate, carbon black, mica, barium sulfate, diatomaceous earth, diamond powder or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weathering coating layer is made of organic resin i.e. selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorocarbon resin, poly trifluoroethylene, perfluoro resin, fluorine-containing acrylic resin, fluorosilicone, hydroxyl-containing acrylic resin, carbonate polyol resin, caprolactam polyol resin, dimer acid polyol resin, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene resin, polyol resin, hydrogenated bisphenol A epoxy resin, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene epoxy resin, dimer acid modified epoxy resin or aliphatic epoxy resin. Curing agent is selected from isocyanate, imidazole, hydrazide, amine resin, or melamine-based curing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper protection layer is selected from any one of polyester film or polyolefin film. The lower protective layer is formed of polyester film. The high molecular foaming material is selected from any one of ethylene, propylene, ethylenepropylene copolymer, a-1-butylenes copolymer, ethylene-1-hexene copolymer, ethylene--1-octenes copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and ethylenemaleic anhydride copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat conductive plate is formed of aluminum material. The heat insulation layer is formed of silicone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The frame of the power supply is provided with heat insulation material selected from insulation rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The porosity of beta -porous film is produced by conversion of beta -crystalline polypropylene during stretching of the film. The immersion time is at least 30 minutes, preferably 1 hour. Preferred Components: The beta -porous film comprises 50 wt.% propylene polymer; where the propylene polymer comprises propylene homopolymer and/or a propylene block copolymer. The beta -porous film comprises 50-85 wt.% propylene homopolymer, 15-50 wt.% propylene block copolymer and 50-10000 ppm beta -nucleating agent. The density of the beta -porous film is 0.35-0.55 g/cm3 and the Gurley value is 10-1000s. The ion exchange membrane has a transparency of 20%, preferably 25-50%. The ion-conductive polymers are fluoropolymer electrolyte, sulfonated polyether, aryl ketone or polybenzimidazole. The ion-conductive polymer is fluoropolymer electrolyte, and has ion exchange capacity of 1-3.3 meq/g. The ion-conductive polymers are proton conductive polymers. EXAMPLE - Nafion was coated on beta -porous film with a wire bar. The film was wetted with the Nafion solution uniformly. Then the coated film was dried in a drying oven for 1 hour at 90 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metallic portion contains a copper-tin-nickel alloy phase, and the glass portion contains a tin-phosphorus-oxygen glass phase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkoxysilane group-containing compound is glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloyloxypropyltriethoxysilane or glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane. The hydroxyl group-containing acrylic monomer is 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, butyrolactone or caprolactone. The organic solvent is dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, isophorone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl acetate, diacetone alcohol, diisobutyl ketone, ethylacetoacetate, butyrolactone, propylene carbonate, glyceryl triacetate or dimethylphthalate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorinated polymer is vinyl fluoride homopolymer, vinyl fluoride copolymer, vinylidene fluoride homopolymer or vinylidene fluoride copolymer. The weight ratio of fluorinated polymer and binder is 90:10-10:90. The solid content of binder and fluorinated polymer is 10-40 wt.%. The fluorinated polymer and binder have weight average molecular weight of 100000-700000 g/mol and 10000-300000 g/mol, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The luminescent molecule is a pyrene derivative or an anthracene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material does not contain crosslinking agent (A1) and contains 0.1-1.5 %mass crosslinking agent (A2) inside the base material sheet, and has gel fraction of 0-1%. The gel fraction of sealing material during heating at 130 degrees C for 15 minutes and curing at 150 degrees C for 20 minutes is 1-40%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The film further contains di(meth)acrylate ester compound of formula (II). The contents of crosslinking agent, carbodiimide compound, and di(meth)acrylate ester compound are 0.35-0.6 part mass, 0.1-0.25 part mass and 0.1-0.4 part mass, respectively with respect to 100 parts mass resin material. The crosslinking agent is preferably t-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate.R=H or methyl;andm=1-20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The austenitic steel further contains 3.0 %mass or less molybdenum and 0.3 %mass or less nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic element is chosen from lithium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, sodium, and potassium, preferably mixture of manganese and sodium. The phosphorus compound is chosen from phosphoric acid and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The benzaldehyde component is preferably of formula (III). The carboxyl terminal group increasing amount and carboxyl terminal group decreasing amount in the polyester resin composition is 30 eq/ton or less and 0.08 eq/ton or less, respectively, when measured by melting the polyester resin composition at 300 degrees C for 60 minutes in nitrogen atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The lead-free glass frit comprises 20-30 mol% bismuth dioxide, 25-35 mol% silicon dioxide, 5-15 mol% aluminum oxide, 20-40 mol% boron trioxide, and 1-10 mol% strontium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum paste composition comprises 64-75 wt.% aluminum powder, 0.5-5 wt.% aluminum-nickel alloy powder, 20-34.9 wt.% organic vehicle, and 0.01-5 wt.% lead-free glass frit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic vehicle comprises 1-25 wt.% polymeric resin and 75-99 wt.% organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The organic peroxide is 1,1-di-t-butyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane, 1,1-di-t-butyl peroxide cyclohexane, t-butyl peroxide isopropyl carbonate, or t-butyl-3,5,5-trimethyl hexyl ester. The silane coupling agent is gamma -ammonia propyl triethoxysilane, or gamma -glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The anti-reflection modifier is double-functional aliphatic polyurethane acrylic ester pre-polymer, double-functional epoxy acrylate pre-polymer, double-functional polyester acrylic ester prepolymer, double-functional polyether acrylic ester prepolymer, double-functional aliphatic polyurethane acrylate pre-polymer, or polyester acrylate pre-polymer. The crosslinking agent is tetramethylene phosphonic acid, dipentaerythritol acrylic ester, methacrylic acid methyl ester, dimethyl dimethacrylate, dimethyl acrylic acid, triethylene glycol ester, (methacrylic hexamethylene)propane, diallyl phthalate, maleic acid diene propyl ester, or trimethylolpropane trimethyl acrylic ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The second solvent is ethyl acetate solvent and the first solvent is toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The resin dispersing agent is acrylic resin dispersant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat conduction material comprises 10-80 wt.% hydrogenated terphenyl, 10-80 wt.% phenyl methyl silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecyl aminopropylamine, 1-12 wt.% diethylethanolamine, and 2-28 wt.% copper cobalt alloy nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aprotic fluoride compound is of formula: Z(F)o (III). The axially fluorinated metal phthalocyanine is preferably of formula (i)-(iii). The composition further comprises chelating agent. The chelating agent is glycol, glycol mono ether, glycol bis ether, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol mono ether, polyethylene glycol bis ether or crown ether. Crown ether is 18-crown-6 or dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6, dibenzo-18-crown-6, 15-crown-5, 12-crown-4, benzo-15-crown-5 or benzo-18-crown-6,4'-aminobenzo-18-crown-6,4'-nitrobenzo-15-crown-5. The solvent is aprotic solvent. The composition comprises 0.5-45 wt.% aprotic fluoride compound and 0.1-50 wt.% phthalocyanine compound (I). The composition does not include protic compound, protic fluoride compound or acid. The protic fluoride compound is hydrogen fluoride. The preparation of axially fluorinated metal phthalocyanine is carried out without producing hydrogen fluoride or hydrofluoric acid as byproduct, or producing trace amounts of hydrogen fluoride or hydrochloric acid.Z=group 1 or 2 metal, tetra alkylated ammonium ion or tetra alkylated phosphonium ion, where group 1 metal is chosen from Cs, Rb, K, Na and Li, preferably Cs, Rb and K, and group 2 metal is chosen from Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg and Be, preferably Ba, Sr and Ca;o=1 or 2;R1-R4=H, halo (e.g. F, Cl, Br, or I), or hydrocarbyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl);andp=0-4. Preferred Definitions:    M=Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, or Sn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The vibration sieve device comprises a vibration sieve and at least one vibrator set on the vibration sieve. The collecting tank device comprises a collection tank and a pulley set at the lower end of the collection tank, and is located on the frame and set with a collection groove door corresponding to the collection tank. The outer frame is provided with a step. The top and bottom sides of the top substrate are respectively set with a limiting block fixed with the electrode sheet and the glass substrate. The bottom of the each groove shares the same electrode sheet, and the top shares same glass substrate. The drying unit is divided into two groups. The solar energy cells are located on both sides. A solar energy plate is provided on top of the toilet frame and/or sunny side. The solar energy plate is connected to a storage battery. The storage battery electric connection is equipped with a heating pipe and a temperature control switch of microbial degradation tank. The temperature control switch is connected to the heating pipe. The temperature is set to 35 plus minus 3 degrees C by the temperature control switch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating comprises 72 pts. wt., preferably 78 pts. wt. polyvinylidene difluoride, 10 pts. wt., preferably 14 pts. wt. hydroxyethyl acrylate, 13 pts. wt., preferably 16 pts. wt. hexafluorobutyl acrylate, 7 pts. wt., preferably 10 pts. wt. biuret, 7 pts. wt., preferably 9 pts. wt. hydroxypropyl acrylate, 5 pts. wt., preferably 8 pts. wt. trimethylolpropane diacrylate, 5 pts. wt., preferably 7 pts. wt. azodiisobutyronitrile, 3 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. diamine diethylamine, 3 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. dipropylene gylcol methyl ether, 4 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. olefine acid, 2 pts. wt., preferably 4 pts. wt. leveling agent, 4 pts. wt., preferably 6 pts. wt. KH550, and 1 pts. wt., preferably 3 pts. wt. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The olefine acid is acrylic acid, methacrylate or undecylenic acid. The leveling agent is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and aprotic solvent, and reacting. Preferred Components: The aprotic solvent is cyclohexane, n-hexane, petroleum ether, methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, 2-pentanone, cyclopentanone, o-toluene, or cyclohexanone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - M+ represents a monovalent cation, Y represents sulhur dioxide, carbon monooxide and Z represents a fluorine atom or polymerizable functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The liquid-adsorbing unit is made of a polymeric liquid-adsorbing material that is vinyl acetal polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first electrode is made of metal e.g. zinc, iron, aluminum, alloy that includes zinc and magnesium, alloy that includes iron and magnesium and alloy that includes aluminum and magnesium. The second electrode is made of platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is silicone hydrogel or polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate and silicone elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device comprises a recoupling preventer that is an elastic element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thermal stabilizer is chosen from calcium stearate, calcium ricinoleate, zinc stearate, zinc diricinoleate, epoxidized soybean oil and ultraviolet absorbent. The flame retardant is nitrogen-based flame retardant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyamide is polyamide 6, polyurethane 66, polyurethane 610 and/or polyurethane 1010.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The device is covered with aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inter-section connectors are formed of metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sections are formed of plastics material that is selected from one of polyethylene, medium density polyethylene (MDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent insulation film is made of transparent insulation plastic comprising ETFE, PFA, FEP, CTFE and PET.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The cell has a substrate selected from a soda lime glass substrate and a solar glass substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dielectric layer is made of aluminum oxide and zinc oxide doped with sulfur.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The semiconducting material comprises copper-indium-gallium-selenide. The conducting material is constructed from Molybdenum material. The cell has a substrate selected from aluminum foil substrate and iron substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is a polyimide substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Composition: The repeating unit (a) contains one or more repeating units of formulae (1)-(4).b1+b2+b3+b4=more than 0 to less than 1;andb1,b2,b3,b4=0 to less than 1. EXAMPLE - 37.5 g Methanol was added to solution obtained by dissolving 39 g benzyltrimethylammonium 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2-(methacryloyloxy) propane-1-sulfonate solution, 11 g styrene sulfonic acid lithium, and 3.34 g dimethyl 2,2'-azobis(isobutyrate) in 112.5 g methanol for more than 4 hours, and stirred at 64 degrees C under nitrogen atmosphere. The resultant mixture was further stirred at 64 degrees C for 4 hours, cooled to room temperature, 1 g ethyl acetate was added and stirred vigorously. The resultant solid material was collected by filtration, and vacuum dried at 50 degrees C for 15 hours, to obtain 46 g white polymer comprising sulfonic acid group-containing repeating unit of formula (A) and (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The luminescent molecule is pyrene derivative or anthracene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The principal filler is selected from dolomites, aluminum oxides, boehmite, quartz, cristobalite, surface-modified diatomaceous earth or mica. The cross-linking silicone formulation is neutral, which is free from iron oxide or titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polysiloxane is trimethylsilyl-terminated polydialkylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The foam-forming composition further contains chain extension agent and/or a crosslinking agent. The content of polyetherdiol in the polyether polyol is 50-99 wt.%. The polyether polyol is sucrose and/or alkylene-oxide addition product of glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The orthogonal, fluorinated solvent includes fluorinated alkyl ether of formula: CF3(CF2)n-OR, preferably hydrofluoroether, perfluoroether, chlorofluorocarbon, hydrochlorofluorocarbon, partially halogenated hydrofluorocarbon, perfluorinated fluorocarbon, trifluoro organic compound and perfluoroamine. A non-polymeric stabilizer used in manufacture of electroconductive layer includes thiol group-containing compound of formula: R-SH, primary amine group-containing compound of formula: R-NH2, secondary amine group-containing compound of formula: R1R2-NH, and carboxyl group-containing compound of formula: R-COOH. The concentration of nano-wires in nano-wire suspension is 0.01-3 %mass.R=-(CH2)mCH3;n,m=1-4;andR1,R2=CF3(CF2)n.N.B: n and m are disclosed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The stabilizer is fluoridated or partially fluoridated aliphatic or aromatic polymer. The stabilizer comprises functional group and/or fluoridated alkyl or aryl group, which are bound to surface of nano-wires. The functional group of stabilizer is thiol group, amino group, hydroxyl group or carboxyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode further contains carbon particles and material obtained by pulverizing lithium-iron-manganese sulfate and carbon particles using ball mill. The electrolyte is lithium ion-containing organic electrolyte, solid electrolyte or polymer electrolyte. Preferred Process: The solid phase reaction is carried out by baking process in reducing environment chosen from vacuum, argon atmosphere and nitrogen atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The silicone cured film (X) is formed on outer peripheral portion on single surface of hard surface panel. The silicone cured film (Y) is formed on whole surface of back surface sheet. Silicone adhesive of thickness equivalent to silicone formation film is arranged to silicone cured film non-formation portion of surface panel. The hard panel and photovoltaic cell string are heated at 70-150 degrees C under reduced pressure using vacuum laminator. Preferred Composition: The cured film (X) of the organopolysiloxane composition (I) contains silicone gel of penetration of 20-200. The cured film (Y) of organopolysiloxane composition (II) contains silicone rubber having durometer-type A hardness of 3-70. The hard panel is white-board thermally-tempered glass substrate or polycarbonate. The back surface sheet is solar cell backsheet. Preferred Property: The silicone cured film has thickness of 200-1000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic acid is amino trimethylene acid, amino trimethylene phosphonic acid, hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid or ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid. The vinyl alkoxysilane is vinyl trimethoxysilane or vinyl triethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyether is allyl polyoxyethylene epoxy base or allyl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether epoxy base ether with molecular weight of 200-2000 Da.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): Fullerene is reacted with sulfonohydrazide derivative of formula (II) in solvent, to obtain fullerene derivative (I).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electron donor is a high-molecular compound. EXAMPLE - 258 mg (4-(2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)(phenyl)methanimine, 30 mg sodium methoxide and 7.5 mL pyridine were added to 30 mL round bottom flask which was filled with argon gas, and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. 38 mL o-Dichlorobenzene solution of 360 mg 60C fullerene was added to the reaction solution, freeze-degassed 3 times, and stirred at 90 degrees C for 12 hours. The solvent was removed from the obtained reaction solution under reduced pressure, washed with methanol, and obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column using toluene and ethyl acetate as elution solvent, and preparative thin-layer chromatography using carbon disulfide and ethyl acetate as developing solvent, to obtain 235 mg fullerene derivative of formula (Ia) with yield of 47%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fluorescent dyes 1, 2, and 3 comprise organic rare earth red, organic fluorescent blue powder and organic fluorescent yellow powder. The antioxidant is 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1 1,3,1,5)-trione, bis(2,4-cumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite compound or 2,2'-methylene-bis-(4-ethyl-6-tert-butyl-phenol).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The crosslinking agent is sebacic acid bis 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinol esters, N,N-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,6-hexanediamine, or 2,4-dichloro-6-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat conduction material comprises 10-80 wt.% dibenzyltoluene, 10-80 wt.% methyl hydrogen silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecyl aminopropylamine, 1-12 wt.% polyisobutylene, and 2-28 wt.% beryllium oxide nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous liquid medium is basic liquid medium. The fluoropolymer coating composition further comprises inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprising silica and/or clay. Preferred Property: The inorganic oxide nanoparticles have average particle size of less than 100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aziridine compound is of formula (I) or (II). The aziridine compound is free of hydrolyzable groups and ester groups.R=y-valent core moiety;L=bond, divalent atom or divalent linking group;R1-R4=H or 1-4C alkyl;y=2-6;R"=H or 1-4C alkyl;X=bond, divalent atom or divalent linking group;n=0-2;m=1-3;andor n+m=3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer comprises 15-35 mol% monomeric units derived from vinyl fluoride and/or vinylidene fluoride, 45 mol% or more monomeric units derived from tetrafluoroethylene, and monomeric units derived from hexafluoropropylene, or 50 mol% or more monomeric units derived from vinyl fluoride and/or vinylidene fluoride, 50 mol% or more, 60 mol% or 70 mol% repeat units derived from tetrafluoroethylene and monomeric units derived from alkyl vinyl ether, or 45 mol% or more repeat units derived from tetrafluoroethylene and monomeric units derived from perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether. The non-fluorinated polymer comprises polyurethane polymer and/or acrylic polymer. The fluoropolymer coating further comprises surfactant, pigment including titania and light stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid fluoropolymer coating composition further comprises: the compatible crosslinkable adhesive polymer and the crosslinking agent; and a catalyst. Preferred Components: The compatible crosslinkable adhesive polymer comprises a polycarbonate polyol. The crosslinking agent comprises a blocked isocyanate functional compound. The catalyst comprises: an organotin compound comprising dibutyl tin dilaurate, dibutyl tin dichloride, stannous octanoate, dibutyl tin dilaurylmercaptide, and/or dibutyltin diisooctylmaleate; and the mixed catalyst comprising the main catalyst comprising an organotin compound, and the co-catalyst, where the co-catalyst is organozinc compounds and/or organobismuth compounds. The viscosity reducing compound is present at 0.001-1 (preferably 0.02-0.05) wt.%. The overall solids content is 10-60 (preferably 30-45) wt.%. The solids weight ratio of the pigment to the viscosity reducing compound is 10:1-2000:1, preferably 40:1-500:1. EXAMPLE - Typical liquid fluoropolymer coating composition comprised of: 7.4 g EFKA 4320 (RTM: High-molecular-weight dispersing agent); 3.7 g Dynasylan 1189 (RTM: Bifunctional silane possessing a reactive secondary amine and hydrolyzable methoxysilyl groups); 144 g of butoxy ethyl acetate; and 0.9 g deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator is hydrogen peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface active agent is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, conductive polymer monomer that is aniline, and the auxiliary agent is ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composite: In the thermal management composite, the matrix comprises woven or nonwoven carbon or graphite fibers; and phase change material disposed in voids between the fibers or bundles of the fibers, and where the matrix can be wrapped around one or more battery cells. The carbon or graphite matrix is mixed or impregnated with each of the phase change material and the polymer material. The matrix comprises a molded composite. The phase change material and the polymer material are dispersed throughout the molded composite, and where the phase change material comprises a wax. The composite further comprises a microencapsulated phase change material; and a polymer coating on at least one surface of the composite, where the polymer coating comprises graphite dispersed in it. Preferred Method: In making the thermal management composite, the matrix comprises woven or nonwoven carbon or graphite fibers. The method further involves: mixing the phase change material and a polymer material with a carbon or graphite material to obtain a matrix mixture; molding the mixture into a molded matrix; and coating at least one side of the molded matrix. It also involves dip coating or spray coating the matrix with the phase change material and/or the polymer coating, where the coating comprises a coating polymer material mixed with carbon or graphite powder or fibers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first filler comprises aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, talc, silica, calcium carbonate, carbon black, mica, barium sulfate, diatomite, pumice powder, or diamond powder, where amount is 0-90 wt.%, preferably 10-70 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent is isocyanate-based curing agent, imidazole curing agent, hydrazide curing agent, amino resin curing agent, amine curing agent, or dimelamine-based curing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The structure further comprises back plate and weather-proof coating layer. The weather-resistant coating layer comprises organic resin, curing agent and inorganic filler. The organic resin is PTFE fluorocarbon resin, polyvinylidene difluoride fluorocarbon resin, perfluoro resin, fluorine-containing acrylic resin, fluorosilicones, hydroxyl-containing acrylic resin, carbonate polyol resin, caprolactam polyol resin, dimer acid polyol resin, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene resin, hydrogenated bisphenol A epoxy resin, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene epoxy resin, cycloaliphatic epoxy ester, dimer acid-modified epoxy resin, or aliphatic epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The graft ratio of anion-exchange membrane is 55-130%. The base material is a biaxially-stretched polypropylene film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode consists of a current collector (P1) containing carbon nanotubes oriented in a direction orthogonal to the surface. The surface of each carbon nanotube is covered with sulfur such that a preset gap exists between adjacent carbon nanotubes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of substance (s2) in the solution is 0.01 g/l or more. The concentration of substance (s1) is 0.1 g/l or more. The component (c1) and component (c2) are chosen from hexa or tetrachloride compound, phosphate, sulfate, oxide, nitrate, halogen, carbonyl, acetate, cyanide, complex salt and oxygen and/or chlorine-containing hydracids. The component (c1) is preferably metal ion-containing compound chosen from acetate, sulfide and sulfate of metals of group IVb, Vb, VIb, IVa and Va.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The deposition of substance (s2) uses reducing agent chosen from formic acid, boron hydride, hydrazine, hydrogen, citric acid and its derivatives, ascorbic acid, ethanol, vitamin B2 and potassium bitartrate. The concentration of reducing agent is 0.05 mM to 5 M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The support component is formed using material chosen from glass, metal, semiconductor, polymer and/or polymer electrolyte membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The content of glass frit is 0.5 wt.% or more, preferably 6 wt.% or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of conductive metallic particles is 35 wt.% or more, preferably 95 wt.% or less. The conductive metallic particles are chosen from silver, gold, copper, aluminum, nickel, and their alloys, preferably silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of organic solvent is 60 wt.% or more, preferably 90 wt.% or less. The organic solvent comprises Texanol (RTM: ester alcohol), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and/or diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, and does not contain a urethane acrylate resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of organic vehicle is 1 wt.% or more, preferably 15 wt.% or less. The content of acrylic resin is 1 wt.% or more, preferably 10 wt.% or less. The acrylic resin is an isobutyl methacrylate resin. The organic vehicle further comprises 5 wt.% or more, preferably 13 wt.% or less thixotropic agent, and 0.01 wt.% or more, preferably 3 wt.% or less surfactant. Preferred Properties: The acrylic resin has molecular weight of 50 KD or less, preferably 250 KD or less. The electroconductive paste composition has viscosity of 50-300 Kcps.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The solar cell module is obtained by laminating back surface side sealing material, resin layer and base material, in order.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The raw material composition contains polyisocyanate. The molar ratio of hydroxyl group in the acryl-type polymer in the raw material composition and isocyanate group in polyisocyanate is 1:1-1:4. The raw material composition further contains block isocyanate compound. The back surface side sealing material contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. Preferred Properties: The hydroxyl value of acryl-type polymer in the raw material composition is 0.4-8 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The gel fraction of back surface side sealing material after heating at 140 degrees C for 10 minutes is 50 %mass or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Electrically Conductive Ink: The aromatic resin is selected from phenoxy resins, aromatic polyester resins, aromatic thermoplastic polyurethanes, and their combination. The aromatic resin is a phenoxy resin. The ink comprises the aromatic resin(s) in a total amount of 4-25 wt.%, based on the total amount of the electrically conductive ink. The electrically conductive silver particles have a specific surface area of 0.1-1.6 m2/g. The ink comprises the electrically conductive silver particles in an amount of 38-85 wt.%, based on the total amount of the electrically conductive ink. The organic solvent is selected from esters, ethers, ether-esters, ketones or their combination. The organic solvent is a glycol ether acetate. The ink comprises the organic solvent(s) in a total amount of 5-50 wt.%, based on the total amount of the electrically conductive ink. Preferred Bonded Assembly: The first substrate comprises or essentially consists of aluminum. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composite polymer electrolyte further comprises lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The branched polymer is polymer composite structure having polyethylene oxide as side chain and acryl group as main chain. The branched polymer comprises a chain derived from polyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, chain derived from ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate and/or a chain derived from polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (meth)acrylate. Preferred Composition: The branched polymer comprises 5-75 mol% chain derived from a monofunctional(meth)acrylate, 1-10 mol.% chain derived polyfunctional(meth)acrylate and 20-90 mol.% chain derived polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (meth)acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The porous active carbon material is free of any metal species except for lithium species. The porous active carbon material is free of metal-based catalyst comprising platinum, palladium, iron, titanium, zirconium, zinc, silver, gold, nickel, cobalt, manganese, cerium or lanthanum. The porous active carbon material comprises microporous carbon, mesoporous carbon, mesoporous microbeads, graphite, expandable graphite, carbon black or carbon nanotubes. The cathode further comprises a binder and a gas diffusion layer. The lithium peroxide exhibiting nanostructured morphology comprises nanoparticles having average diameter of 1-200 nm. The lithium peroxide having superoxide surface structure comprises lithium peroxide comprising an oxygen-rich surface. The electrolyte of partially discharged lithium-air battery comprises a compound which favors lithium peroxide superoxide formation. The anode comprises a lithium metal foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyalkylene glycol ether is of formula: R1O(((CR2R3)xO)z)R4, preferably tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and/or 2-(2-(2-(2-methoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy trimethylsilane (1NM3). The lithium salt is lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium difluoro-oxalato-borate or lithium tetrafluoro-oxalato-phosphate.R1,R4=alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, siloxy or silyl, preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, trimethylsilyl or triethylsilyl;R2,R3=H, halo, alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, silyl or siloxy, preferably H, F, Cl, methyl or ethyl;x=1-6;andz=2-8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The separator is a paper or polymer separator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inert gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam, or scrubbed flue gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Conditioning step of the char uses heat generated by auto-exothermic reaction which occurs from rapid partial decomposition of lignin and cellulose to maintain temperature of 300-450 degrees C during conditioning step. The process includes controlling carbonization reaction with inert gas. The process includes recovering volatile gases during pyrolysis step and using volatile gases to generate heat for pyrolysis step. The process includes cooling carbonized char product to less than or equal to 180 degrees C. After cooling, the process includes grinding and/or grading carbonized char product into particles having maximum size of 3 mm. Preferred Compositions: Binder is modified starch with starch content of 3-8 wt.%. Binder is molasses/phosphoric acid. Binder content is 5-30 wt.%. Briquette feedstock components are mixed according to 0-50 wt.% anthracite, 0-30 wt.% bituminous coal, 0-30 wt.% petroleum coke, 5-95 wt.% biomass char, and 3-30 wt.% binder on a dry basis. Biomass char contains greater than or equal to 40 wt.% of the briquette feedstock. Preferred Parameters: Biomass feedstock has particle size of less than or equal to 20 mm and moisture content of less than or equal to 40%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of the titanium nitride film is 1 Angstrom to 1 mu m. Preferred Composition: The electrode material comprises carbon, platinum or conductive polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal substrate is stainless steel or transition metal. Preferred Property: The thickness of metal substrate is 10 mu m to 1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The rare earth element is gadolinium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is water, ethyl alcohol and/or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molecular weight of PVA is 60000-100000. The molecular weight of PEO is 100000-1000000. The alkali is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. The mass ratio of glycerol and PVA/PEO is 1:3. In the electrolyte membrane, the content of MCC is 1-10% of PVA/PEO.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymerization initiator also has general formula (II)..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic monomer is trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate, trimethylolpropane propoxylate triacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyester dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, ethoxylated bis phenol A dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexandiol diacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol ethoxylate tetraacrylate or dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate. The inorganic monomer is polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane or acrylo polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. The norganic monomer has general formula (I).R=a group of formula (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Lithium salt is selected from lithium perchlorate, lithium borate or lithium hexafluorophosphate. Preferred Definitions:    R=2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, triphenylmethane-4,4',4''-triisocyanate or 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat conduction nanoparticle material comprises 10-80 wt.% toluene, 10-80 wt.% methyl hydroxy silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecylaminopropylamine, 1-12 wt.% polyisobutylene, and 2-28 wt.% pure copper nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat conduction material comprises 10-80 wt.% biphenyl diphenyl ether, 10-80 wt.% methyl silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecylaminopropylamine, 1-12 wt.% polyisobutylene, and 2-28 wt.% copper zinc alloy nanoparticle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat conduction material comprises 10-80 wt.% hydrogenated terphenyl, 10-80 wt.% silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecylaminopropylamine, 1-12 wt.% diethylethanolamine, and 2-28 wt.% iron alloy nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat conduction material comprises 10-80 wt.% benzyltoluene, 10-80 wt.% cyanide-containing silicone oil, 1-18 wt.% octadecylaminopropylamine, 1-12 wt.% polyisobutylene, and 2-28 wt.% copper lead alloy nanoparticle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is mixture of ethyl acetate, tert-butanol and ethylene glycol in a weight ratio of 10-20:5-10:1. The curing agent is mixture of vinyl triamine, diaminocyclohexane and methylenebis(cyclohexylamine) in a weight ratio of 1:0.8-1.2:1.5-2.5. The antioxidant is mixture of antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant 168 in a weight ratio of 1:1-2. The UV inhibitor is mixture of 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone in weight ratio of 1:1.8-2.6. The emulsifier is mixture of alkylphenol ethoxylate, benzylphenol ethoxylate and fatty amine ethoxylate in a weight ratio of 0.8-1.2:1:1.8-2.6. The hydrophobic agent is water-soluble wax emulsion having viscosity of 2000-5000 mPa.second and diameter of 20-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of polyester rubber powder and curing agent is 12-20:1. The leveling agent is mixture of polyether or polyester-modified organosiloxane and alkyl-modified organosiloxane in a weight ratio of 1:1.6-2.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode composition further comprises nickel particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The connection material further comprises a curing agent, a film-formation material, and electroconductive particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silane-modified resin is silane-modified polyethylene-based resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The axial portion, latching portion and flange are made of rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The filling rate of ion-exchange resin is 80% or less of an inner volume of the ion-exchange chamber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The device comprises plate which corresponds to external geometry of the protecting coat of elastic tank, made of the metalized foam elastic polymer with open or non-intercommunicating cells with the metalized coating from one side and black (dark) lusterless color from other side. It also comprises upper heat-insulating coating, which corresponds to the geometry of the external protective coat of elastic tank, made from the bubble polyethylene film and being configured to shortening of heat loss and shortening of time of necessary for heating of water, which is disposed on the upper casing of hermetic insert.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic surface active agent is sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium polyacrylate, p-toluene sulfinate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and/or polyethylene glycol. The organic dye is methyl red, indigo blue and/or methyl blue. The alkaline solution is 1-8 mole/l sodium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The powdery additive contains thermal oxidative aging agent, UV aging agent and/or matting agent, and is used in an amount of 1-50 wt.% (preferably 5-50 wt.%). The liquid additive contains crosslinking agent, crosslinking additive and/or coupling agent, and is used in an amount of 0-30 wt.%. The thermal oxidative aging agent contains phenolic antioxidant, phosphite-based antioxidant and/or hindered amine light stabilizer. The UV aging agent contains benzophenone, benzotriazole, salicylic acid ester, substituted acrylonitrile and/or triazine. The matting agent contains organic fluorescent substance and/or rare earth metal ligand. The crosslinking agent is organic peroxide crosslinking agent. The crosslinking additive is polyfunctional monomer. The coupling agent contains silicone coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Ethylene vinyl acetate resin particles are used in an amount of 50-95 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The aluminum-doped zinc oxide film has a thickness of 200-1000 nm. Preferred Method: The deposition of aluminum-doped zinc oxide film on the substrate is carried out in a closed vessel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The non-conductive flexible substrate comprises poly(methyl methacrylate), polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene or polyvinyl fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The current collector comprises cobalt, nickel, iron, gold, silver, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium and/or palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydrophobic resin includes Teflon (RTM: polytetrafluoroethylene), copolymer of fluorinated ethylene-propylene, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene polyvinyl chloride and/or polyvinyl acetate. The air anode comprises 60-90 pts. wt. Ketchen black (RTM: carbon black) and 10-40 pts. wt. polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution comprises hexamethylenetetramine and dissociative divalent zinc cation/hydroxide anion chemical component comprising zinc nitrate hexahydrate, zinc chloride, or zinc sulfate, in a combined molarity of 0.01-0.1M. The transparent conductive oxide comprises aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, or boron-doped zinc oxide. The alkali solution comprises ammonia or ammonium hydroxide solution with a molarity of 0.01-0.1M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: An ethylene-vinyl acetate film (27) is provided between the transparent conductive oxide and antireflective coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The compact solar still is functioned by (a) filling distilled water into big glass bottle, and (b) placing glass bottle in the special solar concentrator box that concentrates the sun rays at the place where the glass bottle is placed, where the water is converted into vapor and the vapor goes to the small glass bottle situated at the back side of the concentration box, through plastic tube that connects both the glass tubes due to heating of the glass tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: The electrical potentials (A) and (B) are +2000 mV and -2000 mV, respectively, with respect to neutral reference.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lead free glass frit includes 10-35 wt.% bismuth (III) oxide, 1-15 wt.% aluminum oxide, 10-40 wt.% boron (III) oxide, 10-30 wt.% silicon dioxide, 0.1-10 wt.% aluminum fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic vehicle includes 1-25 wt.% polymer resin and 75-99 wt.% organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Packaging material comprises 10-50 wt.% alpha -olefin copolymer resin. Ultraviolet absorbent is selected from benzophenone., 2,4-dihydroxy-benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone or 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone. Antioxidant is selected from primary antioxidants, secondary antioxidants, where primary antioxidant is octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and secondary oxidant is selected from tris(4-nonyl-phenyl) phosphite, tris(2 4-di-tert.-butylphenyl) phosphite, tris(4-nonylphenyloxy)phosphine or tris(2,4-ditert.-butylphenyl) phosphite. Crosslinking agent is selected from organic peroxides, azo compounds, cumene hydroperoxide, di-tert.-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert.-butylperoxy)hexane, n-butyl 4,4-di(tert.-butylperoxy)valerate, tert.-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, 3,3-di (tert.-butylperoxy) butyrate, triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, dimethacrylate or diethylene glycol ether. Silane coupling agent is selected from dimethyl silicone, 2,5-bis(tert.- butyl peroxide )-2,5-dimethylhexane or triacetoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The multiphosphonic acid is aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid), hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid or ethylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid). The siloxane is 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane or gamma -(2,3-(epoxypropoxy)propyl)trimethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Isocyanate compound is either aliphatic or alicyclic. Solvents are alkane, alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, ethers or their mixture. The amount of adhesive in the adhesive layer is 5-15g/m2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Methacrylate polyol compound contains an ester bond in side chain obtained by polymerization reaction with hydroxyl group-containing methacrylate or methyl acrylic acid ester of polyhydric alcohol. Transformation temperature for polymerization is -25 degrees C to 15 degrees C. Average molecular weight of the obtained product is 8000-25000 Dalton. Preferred Composition: Composition comprises an UV-absorber and anti-hydrolysis agent. Weather-proof layer comprises ethylene tetra fluro ethylene film, polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinyl fluoride. Thickness of weather-proof layer is 20-40 mu . The adhesive layer is polyethylene film or composite film of polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate. Thickness of adhesive layer is 50-120 mu . Middle insulation layer comprises polyester film, polycarbonate film and polyimide film, and has 175-300 mu thickness of insulation layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ligand is nitrogen inclusion organic ligand or fluorine inclusion organic ligand. The metal/ligand complex is cerium/ligand complex. The nitrogen inclusion organic ligand comprises pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, N,N'-di-naphthalen-2-yl-hydrazine, 4-(3-(4-pyridyl)propyl)pyridine, (2,2')bipyridinyl, and amide compound of formula (I). The fluorine inclusion organic ligand comprises cerium-flouring containing compounds of formulae (II) and (III). The polymer electrolyte composite membrane comprises biphenyl compound of formula (IV). The cerium/ligand complex is cerium (III)trifluoromethane sulfone or the cerium (III)2,2'-bipyridine.x=0.1-0.6; andY1=K or Na. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0), palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, or tris(o-methoxyphenyl) phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organic palladium catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): 4H-Dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)pyrrole compound (A) of formula (II) and 5,8-dibromo-quinoxaline compound (B) of formula (III) are added to organic solvent containing catalyst, and Stille coupling reaction is carried out in anaerobic environment to obtain quinoxalinyl polymer (I). The molar ratio of compound (A) and compound (B) is 1:1-1:1.2. The catalyst is a mixture of organic phosphine ligand and/or organic palladium. Preferred Process: The method further involves precipitating resulting mixture by adding methanol, filtering, washing with methanol and n-hexane, extracting with chloroform, and evaporating solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The tungsten disulfide nano-sheet single layer has thickness of 1-2 nm and length of 50-400 nm. The thickness of the tungsten disulfide nano-film is 1-5 nm. Preferred Components: The cathode is aluminum, anode is indium tin oxide, and substrate is glass. The tungsten disulfide nano-sheet material dispersion solvent is water. The concentration of tungsten disulfide in nano-sheet material dispersion is 0.1-10 mg/ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electron transport layer contains poly((9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino) propyl)-2,7-fluorenyl)-2,7-(9,9-hexadecylfluorenyl)) and has thickness of 5 nm. The conjugated polymer that serves as electron donor for organic photosensitive layer is poly-(3-hexylthiophene), poly((9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H- carbazole-2,7-yl)thiophene-2,5-diyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-oxazole-2,5-diyl thienyl) or poly((4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzene(1,2-b:4,5-b')-thiophen-2,6-bis-yl)(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno-(3,4-b)dithiophene)), and acceptor is methyl (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of material selected from a group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer or polyethylene glycol terephthalate chip material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The powder is metal material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic polymer-based thickener is water-soluble cellulosic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: At least one X is halogen-substituted, preferably fluorine-substituted or trifluoromethane-substituted. 4-80% of the carbon atoms forming the hexagonal pattern of carbon atoms of RGO are substituted with X. The battery is a lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery. Chemically modified RGO has atomic C:O ratio of greater than or equal to 5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Separator structure further contains porous film or fibrous sheet, such as a glass fiber sheet. Chemically modified RGO material is supported by porous film or fibrous sheet. Chemically modified RGO material is self-standing and separately provided from porous film or fibrous sheet in the separator structure. Chemically modified RGO material forms a contiguous layer of material, co-extending with separator structure. Chemically modified RGO is admixed with binder, e.g. polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), PTFE, ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), and/or poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Preferred Definitions:    X=-F, -CF3, fluorinated 2-12C alkyl, fluorinated 3-12C alkenyl, fluorinated phenyl, fluorinated alkylphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, and/or 4-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl provided that all X are identical.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The textile material includes polyester fibers, fibers polyethylene, fibers polypropylene, fibers polyolefins, and polyamide fibers. The strip is coated with PET, PE, and PA.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium hexafluorophosphate, or lithium tetrafluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid comprises 50-90 wt.% ionic material. Preferred Components: The ionic liquid comprises a cation and an anion. The cation is 1-R-3-methylimidazolium, 1-R'-butylimidazolium and 1-R''-methylpyrrolidinium. The anion is bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, tetracyanoborate, tris(perfluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, hexafluorophosphate and/or tetrafluoroborate. The ionic liquid comprises 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylpynolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate, or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(perfluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate.R, R' = ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, or benzyl; andR'' = ethyl or butyl.. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal ion is lithium ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The oligomer further comprises amino group. The polyalkoxide of the polymer block of the block copolymer comprises ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The composition further comprises carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The uneven structure is formed of element chosen from a group consisting of elemental fluorine and siloxane bond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The functional layer is formed of resin containing a polar group which is selected from a group consisting of epoxy group, hydroxyl group, acryloyl group, methacryloyl group, vinyl group, carboxyl group, and carbonyl group. The uneven structure is formed of methyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Secondary ion conductive material is made of sulfonic acid containing vinyl polymer, sulfonic acid containing aromatic family polymer, sulfonic acid containing fluoropolymer, and sulfonic acid containing fluoropolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dibasic acid is terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, fumaric acid, sebacic acid and/or phthalate. The dihydric alcohol is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol, neopentyl glycol, glycol, isosorbide and/or bisphenol A. The 0-0.04 wt.% catalyst is antimony ethylene glycol, basic aluminum acetate, germanium dioxide, antimony acetate, antimony trioxide, isopropanol antimony, tetrabutyl titanate, titania, aluminum oxide, aluminum trichloride and/or aluminum isopropoxide. The 0-0.05 wt.% auxiliary agent is trimethyl phosphate, phosphoric acid and/or triphenyl phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The process for recovering lead oxide from component of lead-acid battery further involves processing lead sulfate paste to obtain lead oxide. Nitric acid obtained by contacting the lead-rich filtrate with sulfuric acid is recovered and reused. Alternately, process for recovering lead oxide from component of lead-acid battery involves processing the component to form a paste comprising sulfates of lead and other metals comprising the component by contacting at least a portion of the component with sulfuric acid, contacting the paste with alkali to form a precipitate comprising oxides of lead, contacting the precipitate with carboxylic acid to form soluble lead carboxylate, contacting the soluble lead carboxylate with sulfuric acid to form a paste comprising sulfates of lead, and contacting the paste comprising sulfates of lead with alkali to obtain lead monoxide. The portion of component is contacted with nitric acid to form a filtrate comprising nitrates of lead and contacting the filtrate with alkali to form a slag comprising oxides of lead, before contacting the portion of the component with sulfuric acid. When the soluble lead carboxylate is contacted with sulfuric acid, carboxylic acid is obtained, and obtained carboxylic acid is reused in the process. Alternately, soluble lead carboxylate is contacted with carbon dioxide to form lead carbonate precipitate, and lead carbonate precipitate is heated to obtain lead monoxide and carbon dioxide. Preferred Component: The mixture comprises hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rare earth compound is rare earth oxide, rare earth hydroxides, rare earth sulfate, rare earth carbonate and/or rare earth elements of lanthanum, samarium, gadolinium, neodymium and dysprosium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polytetrafluoroethylene fluoropolymer, perfluorooctanoic acid salt, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, and/or perfluorooctanoate sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Isocyanate is obtained by carrying out chain-extending reaction of diol and aliphatic isocyanate or cycloaliphatic isocyanate monomer. Diol is 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol or 1,6-hexanediol. The antioxidant comprises 2,6-butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated diphenylamine, triphenyl phosphite and/or phosphite triester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Silicone-modified acrylic polyol is obtained by carrying out radical polymerization of double bond-containing organosilicon monomer and acrylate monomer, or condensing active hydroxyl group-containing polyacrylate resin and active hydroxyl group (or alkoxy group)-containing silicone oligomer. Silicone-modified acrylic polyol has molecular weight of 6000-20000. Polyether polyol is polytetrahydrofuran diol and/or tetrahydrofuran-propylene oxide copolymer diol, and has a molecular weight of 5000-15000. The adhesive composition further contains antioxidant. The adhesive composition contains UV absorber and/or anti-hydrolysis stabilizer. The amount of adhesive composition in adhesive layer in 5-15 g/m2. Preferred layer: The weather-resistant layer is ethylene tetrafluoroethylene layer, polyvinylidene difluoride layer or polyvinyl fluoride film, and has a thickness of 20-40 mu m. The adhesive layer is polyethylene layer, polyethylene/ethylene-vinyl acetate composite layer, or polyvinyl fluoride layer, and has a thickness of 20-120 mu m. The insulation layer is polyester layer, polycarbonate layer or polyimide layer, and has a thickness of 175-300 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polymer network contains cores having structure of formula (Ia).R5-R8=R1.Preferred Parameters: Polymer network has diamondoid topology and dense interpenetration of individual polymer networks. Polymer network is non-porous. Polymer network conducts lithium ions and has lithium ion conductivity of greater than or equal to 2.5x 10-4 S/cm at ambient temperature. Polymer network cannot be penetrated by lithium dendrites. Preferred Processes: Polymer network is polymerized by using dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl formamide. Polymer network is charged with lithium ions by soaking polymer network in a methanolic lithium hydroxide solution. Polymer network is processed by immersing polymer network in deionized water, methanol, methanol:tetrahydrofuran (1:1), and/or tetrahydrofuran. Polymer network is dried by heating at 100 degrees C under high vacuum ( less than or equal to 0.1 torr) for 16 hours. Polymer network is loaded with propylene carbonate solvent. Preferred Definitions:    R5-R8=H, D, F, OH, NH2, or alkoxy, preferably H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): The polymer is prepared by reacting bivalent aryl group-containing compound of formula: R'Sn-D'-SnR' (II) and halogen-containing compound of formula: R"-A-R" (III) in presence of palladium catalyst.R'=alkyl or aryl (both optionally substituted), preferably methyl;andR"=halo, preferably Br. EXAMPLE - 130 mg 2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropyl 4,6-dibromothieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate, 1 equivalent (2,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-11-(trimethylstannyl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaen-5-yl)trimethylstannane, and toluene solution (substrate concentration of 0.05 M) of 2 mol% tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)-8 mol% tri(o-tolyl)phosphine as catalyst were sealed in a glass reaction tube, reacted under microwave exposure at 180 degrees C for 15 minutes, and solvent was distilled off. The resultant product was purified by Soxhlet extraction, to obtain 100 mg polymer of formula (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus compound is chosen from trimethyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphorous acid, and dimethyl phosphite and diethyl phosphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred process: The process involves utilizing conditions comprising base pressure of 3x 10-4, substrate temperature of 450-500 degrees C, copper evaporation source temperature of 1100-1200 degrees C, zinc evaporation source temperature of 300-400 degrees C, tin evaporation source temperature of 1000-1100 degrees C, selenium evaporation source temperature of 220-240 degrees C, and copper, zinc, tin and selenium co-evaporation time of 30-50 minutes, adjusting the substrate temperature, reducing the substrate temperature to 300-350 degrees C and cooling the substrate to room temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is transparent electrically conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass or flexible rubber-coated ITO.The metal electrode is aluminum electrode, gold electrode or silver electrode. The perovskite photosensitive layer is methylammonium iodide.The cathode interface layer is phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The main plate is made of aluminum alloy, stainless steel, rubber or resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The device has a conductor in position relative to the organo-metallic molecules to pass radiant energy the organo-metallic molecules. The conductor comprises indium tin oxide. The organo-metallic molecules comprise phthalocyanine molecules comprising metallophthalocyanine molecules, and/or porphyrin molecules. The phthalocyanine comprises iron phthalocyanine molecules, cobalt phthalocyanine molecules or copper phthalocyanine molecules.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The bulk metal comprises copper, silver and/or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductor comprises an ionomer comprising tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer and Nafion (RTM: Sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sets of wires are coated with a selective charge carriers blocking material selected from poly3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene, perylenetetracarboxylic diimide, phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, zinc oxide, titanium oxide n-doped tin Oxide, Poly-benzimidazobenzophenanthroline, and Li-bistrifluoromethanesulfonyl-imide, nickel oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The core comprises copper-indium-selenium (CulnSe2), copper-indium-gallium-selenium (CulnxGa(1-x)Se2), copper-gallium-selenium (CuGaSe2), zinc-indium-selenium (ZnlnSe2), zinc-indium-gallium-selenium (ZnlnxGa(1-x)Se2), zinc-gallium-selenium (ZnGaSe2),silver-indium-selenium (AglnSe2),silver-indium-gallium-selenium (AglnxGa(1-x)Se2), silver-gallium-selenium (AgGaSe2), copper-indium-selenium-sulfur (CulnSe(2-y)Sy), copper-indium-gallium-selenium-sulfur (CulnxGa(1-x)Se(2-y)Sy), copper-gallium-selenium-sulfur (CuGaSe(2-y)SY), zinc-indium-selenium-sulfur (ZnlnSe(2-y)Sy), zinc-indium-gallium-selenium-sulfur (ZnlnxGa(1-x)Se(2-y)Sy), zinc-gallium-selenium-sulfur (ZnGaSe(2-y)Sy), silver-indium-selenium-sulfur (AglnSe(2-y)Sy), silver-indium-gallium-selenium-sulfur (AglnxGa(1-x)Se(2-y)Sy) and silver-gallium-selenium-sulfur (AgGaSe(2-y)Sy). The binary metal chalcogenide is selected form copper sulfide, indium sulfide and gallium sulfide. The core comprises copper, indium, gallium and selenium. The shell comprises copper sulfide (CuS) and indium sulfide (InS).The device further comprises a layer comprising cadmium sulfide on top of the absorber layer, a layer comprising aluminum zinc oxide on the cadmium sulfide layer, a layer comprising indium tin oxide on the cadmium sulfide layer, a contact layer comprising a metal selected from aluminum, nickel and alloys of nickel and aluminum, and a support selected from glass, silicon and organic polymers. Preferred Process: The method further involves utilizing an ink comprising copper sulfide (CuS), indium sulfide (InS) and gallium sulfide (GaS) shells with copper-indium-gallium-selenium (CuInGaSe) cores to form a matrix of copper-indium-gallium-sulfur-selenium (CuInGaSSe) with high content of copper-indium-gallium-selenium (CuInGaSe).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base tray is formed of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid contains N,N,N-trimethyl-N-propylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer solution contains polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxidation-reduction electrode material of the positive electrode consist lithium cobalt-based oxide, a lithium manganese-based oxide, a lithium nickel-based oxide, a lithium iron-based oxide, lithium iron salts. The oxidation-reduction electrode material of the negative electrode consist a lithium titanium oxide and a titanium sulfide. The metal oxide is set with manganese dioxide, Vanadium Pentoxide, Iron oxide, Tungsten dioxide, Niobium dioxide or Niobium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The porous material is formed of material selected from any one of activated carbon, hard carbon, soft carbon, graphite, mesophasecarbon and carbon black. The conductive auxiliary is material selected from group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, conductive graphite, graphene, carbon black and carbon nanocapsules, etc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive material is selected from any one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PvDF), PTFE, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide (PEO), carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyacrylate and polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The filling compound is selected from ethylene propylene terpolymer rubber, fluorine polymer, silicone rubber, part-cross-linked plastic, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, chitin, cyclodextrin, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyacrylonitrile, polybenzimidazole, polyester, polyphenylene oxide, polycarbonate, polyetherimide, polyethyleneimine, polyimide, polymethyl methacrylate, polypropylene, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, Polyphenylsulfon, PTFE, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyetheretherketone (RTM: colorless organic thermoplastic polymer), sulfonated polyetheretherketone (RTM: colorless organic thermoplastic polymer), sulfonated fluorenyl polyetheretherketone (RTM: colorless organic thermoplastic polymer), polyarylenthioether, polyaryletherketone, sulfonated polyaryletherketone fluoridated polysulfone acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrophobic solvent is 1-butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-soluble amine compound is hydrazine, ammonia and/or group comprising water-soluble amine compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water-dispersible binder is acid-modified olefin-based polystyrene co-polymer. Preferred Composition: The olefin type copolymer comprises random propylene-type copolymer having 50-85 wt.% content rate of the structural unit induced from propylene, acid-modified random propylene-type copolymer and ethylene-(meth)acrylic-acid copolymer having 5-25 wt.% content rate of the structural unit induced from (meth)acrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The p-type-semiconductor compound is a copolymer including pyrrolidine-2,5-dione repeating unit of formula (I), and thiophene repeating units of formulae (II) and (III), and has compatible threshold value concentration of 10 %mass or less at 200 degrees C, and storage elastic modulus of more than 7x 107 Pa at 150 degrees C and 1 Hz.A=atom chosen from group 16 of periodic table;Q1,Q2=atom chosen from group 14 of periodic table;R1=hydrocarbyl optionally having hetero atom;R2=optionally substituted branched alkyl;R4=linear alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl (all optionally substituted);andR3,R5=branched alkyl, linear alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aliphatic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl (all optionally substituted).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Alloy: In the catalyst alloy, the nickel, silver and palladium metals are present in a ratio of 1-1-1, where the ratio is determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The catalyst comprises nanoparticles of 1-10 nm. Also, an X-ray diffraction pattern comprises a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. The catalyst alloy further comprises the catalyst on a solid support, where the solid support is an inorganic oxide carrier. The inorganic oxide carrier is a metal oxide comprising alumina, silica, titania or zirconia. The surface area of the support is 100-1500 g/m2. The solid support is activated carbon, where the activated carbon has a surface area of 100-1500 g/m2. Preferred Method: In providing the hydrogen supply, the fuel cell is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, phosphoric acid fuel cell, or a high temperature fuel cell. Preparing the trimetallic catalyst alloy further comprises treating the second mixture under ultrasonic conditions; and adding a solid support to either the first mixture or the second mixture. In hydrogenating olefins, the catalyst alloy is supported on an inorganic oxide or a carbon support material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydride is made of borohydride sodium (NaBH4) of solid type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass frit is 20-50 wt.% bismuth (III) oxide, 1-15 wt.% aluminum oxide, 20-40 wt.% silicon dioxide, 10-30 wt.% boron (III) oxide, and 0.1-10 wt.% tungsten (III) oxide group. The organic carrier comprises 1-25 wt.% polymer resin and 75-99 wt.% organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive substrate is chosen from indium-tin oxide glass, fluorine-doped indium-tin oxide glass, molybdenum-coated glass, metallic foil, metal plate and conductive polymer material. The chalcopyrite-type compound is chosen from copper-indium selenide, copper-indium-gallium selenide, copper-indium sulfide and copper-indium-gallium sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The inorganic oxide has an average particle diameter of 1 mu m or less. The inorganic oxide has sulfonic acid group or carboxylic acid group on the surface. The inorganic oxide is aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, lithium titanate, and/or water-containing magnesium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The molten salt is tertiary or quaternary ammonium containing fluoride anion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte comprises an electrolyte solution and a resin having swelling property or solubility with respect to the electrolyte solution. The resin contains 0.1-5 parts mass (with respect to 100 parts mass active material) inorganic oxide and 0.1-10 parts mass (with respect to 100 parts mass active material) ambient-temperature molten salt. The resin contains vinylidene fluoride copolymer. Resin (I) chosen from vinylidene fluoride homopolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber, and polyacrylic acid, and resin (II) containing copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene and/or tetrafluoroethylene, are further comprised.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Structure: The film mirror further has a metalloxane type hard-coat layer in the surface of the light-incidence side of the translucent resin layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The translucent resin layer contains 1-15 %mass UV absorber by solid content conversion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The urethane-modified acrylic resin has structure of formula (I), and has molar ratio of urethane and acryl of 10/90-30/70. The resin layer has thickness of 0.05-5 mm.R,R'=alkylene;m,n=10-500;andp=10-200.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The imidazole compound is 1,2-dimethyl imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-phenyl-imidazole, imidazole or benzimidazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyimide precursor further contains repeating unit of formula (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The boiling point of imidazole compound is less than 340 degrees C at 1 atmosphere. Preferred Component: The imidazole compound is 1,2-dimethyl imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, or benzimidazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further involves coating the polyimide precursor composition on base material, heat-processing the polyimide precursor composition on a base material, and imidating. Preferred Composition: The content of imidazole compound is 0.05-2 mol with respect to 1 mol of repeating units of polyimide precursor. Preferred Property: The polyimide obtained from polyimide precursor composition has light transmittance of 75% or more at wavelength of 400 nm in 10- mu m-thick film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali-metal salt is chosen from sodium salt, potassium salt, and cesium salt, preferably sodium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The monoester phosphate is of formula: R2O-P(=O)(-OH)-OH (III). The phosphate diester is of formula: R3O-P(=O)(-OH)-OR4 (IV).R2-R4=monovalent group of formula: (CH2CH2O)nR12 (v);n=2-65;andR12=6-35C alkyl or 6-35C alkyl phenyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is chosen from polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, (meth)acrylic acid resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyolefin resin, polycarbonate resin, and norbornene resin, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or polyvinyl butyral resin. The content of near-infrared absorber and neutralized dispersing agent in the resin composition is 0.05-50 parts mass and 0.01-10 parts mass, respectively, with respect to 100 parts mass resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxide semiconductor is comprised as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide or niobium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal complex salt is included with cobalt, iron, nickel, or copper metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal (m1) includes silver, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, palladium and/or gold. The metals (m2) and (m3) include nickel, cobalt, iron and copper. The molar ratio of total of metals (m2) and (m3) with respect to metal (m1) is 0.6-0.9. The hollow metal particles have size of 20 nm or less. A solvent used in manufacture of hollow metal particles is water. The molar ratio of metal precursor (p2) and metal precursor (p1) used in manufacture of hollow metal particles is 1:0.5-3. The molar ratio of metal precursor (p3) and metal precursor (p1) used in manufacture of hollow metal particles is 1:0.5-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hollow core portion contains 2 or more types of surfactant. The surfactant includes cationic surfactant and/or anionic surfactant. The molar ratio of cationic surfactant and anionic surfactant is 0.1-0.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic matting agent is silicon dioxide, diatomite, kaolin or talc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weather-proof layer comprises fluorocarbon resin, acrylic acid resin, polyurethane and polyester-based coating, or coating adhesive composite contains polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, PTFE copolymer and polyethylene terephthalate. The isocyanate is chosen from toluene diisocyanate tripolymer, isophorone diisocyanate tripolymer, hexamethylene diisocyanate tripolymer, diphenylmethane diisocyanate tripolymer, toluene diisocyanate dimer, isophorone diisocyanate dimer, hexamethylene diisocyanate dimer, or diphenylmethane diisocyanate dimer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: (Claimed) Synthesis of isoazaindene nitrogen oxide free radical modified polythiophene which involves performing chemical modification on isoazaindene nitrogen oxide free radical derivative with polythiophene polymer material containing thiophene repeating structural units. Synthesis of isoazaindene nitrogen oxide free radical modified polythiophene which involves performing chemical modification on isoazaindene nitrogen oxide free radical derivative with thiophene monomer and polymerizing. Preferred Compositions: Isoazaindene nitrogen oxide free radical modified polythiophene has structure of formulae (II)-(V). Polymer battery material comprises 0.1-95 mass% isoazaindene nitrogen oxide free radical modified polythiophene and 1 carrier or electrically conductive material in which carrier is polyethylene oxide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, and/or its copolymers, electrically conductive material is solid electrolyte e.g. lithium nitride (LiN), lithium aluminate (LiAlO), lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), graphene, carbon nanotube, fullerene (C60 and C70) or electrochemically inert filler e.g. silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), iron oxide (Fe2O3), or manganese oxide (MnO2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by chemically modifying free radical nitric oxide isoindolyl derivative of polyphosphazene polymer materials with phosphorus atoms in repeating structure unit of phosphazene, where free radical nitric oxide isoindolyl derivative is halide, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, activated ester, acid chloride, or acid bromide. Preferred Compound: Compound (I) is compounds of formulae (Ia)-(Id). Preferred Method: The free radical nitric oxide isoindolyl derivative is prepared by chemically modifying with phosphorus atoms of hexachlorocyclohexane triphosphonic nitrile monomer and polymerizing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Precursor is selected from aluminum trichloride. Second precursor is selected from water vapor, oxygen, ozone, fluorine gas or hydrofluoric acid.wherein step S3 in, the metal oxide is one or amixture of a two in aluminium oxide, a zinc oxide, ametal fluoride is one or a mixture of a two inaluminium, b.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: First precursor is selected from trimethyl aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The composition containing water and the graphene precursor is subjected to a first mechanical treatment, a chemical treatment and then a second mechanical treatment. The mechanical treatments comprise wet ball milling and sonication. The chemical treatment comprises the steps of mixing the composition with an oxidant and an acid. The graphene based composition is mixed with a second coupling agent that is capable of reacting with graphene and the first coupling agent. The composition is mixed with the first coupling agent and/or the second coupling agent before the step of separating graphene from the mechanically and chemically treated composition. The composition containing water and the graphene precursor is subjected to a thermal and/or electromagnetic treatment. The graphene based composition is provided on the metal or metal alloy substrate by electrophoretic deposition. Preferred Components: The first coupling agent and/or the second coupling agent comprise an organosilane, preferably a hydroxysilane, an epoxysilane or an aminosilane. The first coupling agent and/or the second coupling agent comprise an organofunctional siloxane, preferably an organofunctional siloxane oligomer. The substrate comprises cold rolled steel, stainless steel, nickel plated steel or nickel-cobalt plated steel. The graphene based coating comprises graphene functionalized with a first coupling agent and a second coupling agent capable of reacting with the first coupling agent. The graphene based coating has a thickness of not greater than 10 mu m, preferably 0.1-3 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outer bearing races are formed of polyether ether ketone (PEEK), high-modulus polyethylene (HMPE), or polyoxymethylene (POM).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer further contains an inorganic laminar compound. The resin layer has a thickness of 0.01-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The functional additive comprises one or more chosen from glass fibers, co-agents, processing aids, fillers, acid acceptors, cure accelerators, polyaramid fibers, curatives and/or plasticizers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is a metallic mandrel, a non-metallic mandrel, a metallic implant, or a non-metallic implant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Perfluoroelastomeric material comprises one or more material chosen from tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and perfluoroalkylvinyl ethers or perfluoroalkoxyvinyl ethers. Perfluoroalkoxyvinyl ether contains alkyl groups that are either straight or branched and include one or more ether linkages, and is chosen from perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl ether) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The material further comprises a terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkylvinyl ether and perfluorinated cure site monomer(s) which incorporates a functional group to permit crosslinking of the terpolymer. A cure site monomer comprises cyano, bromo, iodo or pentafluorophenoxy functional group. Porogen(s) comprises one or more materials chosen from sodium chloride, salicylic acid, lactose, valine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, calcium carbonate, glycine, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, particulate polymers, polyvinyl chloride and/or titanium dioxide. The porogen is present in an amount of 10-500 pts. wt. per 100 pts. wt. perfluoropolymer in perfluoroelastomeric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The electronic component comprises first electrode (1) having a porous oxide semiconductor layer (103) coated onto a transparent conductive substrate (101,102), where (I) (104) are immobilized on the porous oxide semiconductor layer, second electrode (2) which is provided to face the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the first electrode, and redox electrolyte (3) disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode (2). The porous oxide semiconductor layer comprises titanium oxide-particles. (I) are bound to the titanium oxide-particles via the carboxylic acid-group of the acceptor group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Definitions:    R3=H;    K1=substituted triphenyl-amine moiety of formula (Ia);    R4=H or -O-(CH2)nCH3;    n=0-11;    x=2;    y=0; and    R=-C2H5 or -CH3.    EXAMPLE - Mixture of 0.4 g ((E)-ethyl 2-cyano-4-(5'-(4-((4'-(5'-((Z)-3-cyano-4-ethoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl)-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)(4-(5'-((E)-3-cyano-4-ethoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl)-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoate in 40 ml tetrahydrofuran in 5 ml ethanol and 5 ml water with 0.33 g potassium hydroxide was stirred at reflux for 30 minutes. After that, the equimolar amount of 1M 5.9 ml hydrochloric acid was added dropwise to this mixture and the resulting reaction mixture was diluted with water and filtered. The product on filter was washed with water and dried under reduced pressure to give (E)-4-(5'-(4-((4'-(5'-((Z)-1-carboxy-1-cyanoprop-1-en-2-yl)-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)(4-(5'-((E)-1-carboxy-1-cyanoprop-1-en-2-yl)-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)-2-cyano-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid (70%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is selected from lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluroantimonate, lithium carbonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), lithium trifluoro(tris-pentafluoroethyl) phosphate, lithium bis(oxalato)borate or lithium oxalate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoinitiator is selected from benzyl dimethyl ketal, ammonium sulfate, alpha -diethoxy acetophenone, 1,1-dichloroacetophenone, ethyl benzoin ether, alpha -methylbenzoin ether, isopropyl benzoin ether, benzoin phenyl ether, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, 2-methyl-1-4-methyl thiophenyl-2-morpholino-propane, 2-benzyl-2-diethylamino-1-4-morpholinophenyl-butane 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone, 2-methoxy-2-phenylaceton, methyl-2-benzoyl benzoate, 4-benzoyl -4'-methyldiphenylsulfide, 4-diethylamino benzonate, 2-cycloanthraquinone or isoprophylthioxantone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photoinitiated type mixed liquid includes 100 pts. wt. acrylate-based monomer, 1-15 pts. wt. photoinitiator, and 25-200 pts. wt. molding material. The acrylate-based monomer has general formula CH2=CR1COO(CH2CH2O)nCOCR2=CH2 (I).n=2-50; andR1 and R2=hydrogen or methyl group.The molding material removal is performed in vacuum oven at 300-320 degrees C for 24 hours, and has general formula R1(CHCH2O)nR2 (II).n=5-35.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises, after step (c) and before step (d), a step of drying the solid phase obtained in step (c) to a temperature below 100 degrees C. The step (g) of removing the carbon particles and/or polymer is a filtration step of the solution obtained in step (f). The step (g) is carried out after step (c) and before step (d) by calcining the solid mass obtained in step (c). The steps (e), (j), (m), (p), (s) and (u) of separating the solid part from the liquid part are filtration steps or centrifugation. The step (f) is carried out with an aqueous solution containing 4 mol/l of acid including nitric acid, hydrochloric or sulfuric acid with a mass ratio of solid to dissolve/mass of solution of 5-20%. The step (f) is carried out at 20 degrees C and the boiling point of the acid used. The step (h) is carried out simultaneously with the step (f). The steps (i), (n) and (t) are carried out by adding the aqueous phase obtained in step (c) comprising potash. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flame retardant comprises magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate, tetrabromobisphenol A bis (2,3-dibromopropyl ether) and/or triphenyl phosphate. The stabilizing agent is lead stearate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The foaming agent comprises polyethylene alcohol, water, rosin and caustic soda with a ratio of 1:4:0.3:0.6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The base layer is toughened glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The glue powder is polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol), and polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Solar energy device high temperature-bearing anti-aging paint comprises 16-18 pts. wt. methyl methacrylate, 6-8 pts. wt. ethyl acrylate, 15-17 pts. wt. resorcinol formaldehyde resin, 3-5 pts. wt. aluminum silicate, 4-6 pts. wt. methacrylic acid hydroxyethyl ester, 7-10 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, 4-6 pts. wt. potassium aluminum silicate hydrate, 7-9 pts. wt. aluminum oxide, 5-7 pts. wt. polyester resin, 4-6 pts. wt. hydroxyethyl cellulose, 6-8 pts. wt. boric acid ethyl ester, 5-7 pts. wt. barium phenolic resin, 3-5 pts. wt. azobisdimethylvaleronitrile, and 42-46 pts. wt. water. Preferred Parameters: Aluminum silicate has less than or equal to 300 mu m particle diameter. Titanium dioxide has less than or equal to 100 mu m particle diameter. Aluminum oxide has less than or equal to 300 nm particle diameter. Preferred Conditions: Stirring reaction rotating speed is 120-140 rpm. Vacuum degree is 0.01-0.05 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The wind power generator housing comprises 35-50 pts. wt. iron, 3-4 pts. wt. copper, 10-15 pts. wt. manganese, 0.5-0.8 pt. wt. chromium, 1-3 pts. wt. nickel, 1.5-2.3 pts. wt. titanium, 900-930 pts. wt. aluminum and 7-9 pts. wt. modified graphite. The modified graphite is obtained by modifying graphite using modifier comprising 50-100 pts. wt. sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 30-60 pts. wt. polyethylene glycol 6000 and 200-300 pts. wt. water. The mass ratio of graphite and modifier is 1:2-1:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weak base is 10-30 wt.% aqueous solution of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium phosphate and disodium phosphate. The molar ratio of weak base and zinc chloride is 1:1-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amine aqueous solution contains 5-20 wt.% trimethylamine or triethylamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The weak basic polymer resin (I) is produced by reacting 4-((4-((4-((4-aminophenyl)sulfanyl)phenyl)sulfanyl)phenyl)sulfanyl)aniline derivative of formula (II) and 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione derivative of formula (III) in nitrogen atmosphere, adding solvent (s1), mixing for 10-40 hours, adding solvent (s2), filtering, collecting solid (A), drying at 80-120 degrees C, dissolving solid (A) in solvent (s1), heating to 50-80 degrees C, adding zinc-chloromethyl ether complex, stirring for 8 hours, cooling to room temperature, adding boiled water, separating, drying resultant solid (B) at 80-120 degrees C, immersing resultant product in aqueous solution of amine, maintaining at 30-40 degrees C for 2-7 days, filtering, obtaining solid (C), immersing resultant product in aqueous solution of weak base at 30-60 degrees C for 1-5 days, and filtering. Preferred Composition: The weak basic polymer resin (I) has molecular weight of (7x 104)-(2x 105). The weak basic polymer resin (I) is preferably of formula (Ia). The weak basic polymer resin (I) is produced using mixed solution of pyridine and acetic anhydride. The content of zinc-chloromethyl ether complex is 5-20 wt.%. The back-slowing layer of solar battery is prepared using 80-150 pts. wt. weak basic polymer resin, 15-30 pts. wt. polyester resin having acid value of 0-0.3 mg potassium hydroxide/g, and 5-15 pts. wt. aliphatic diisocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of the amorphous material used is 95-99.9 %mass, and the amount of the crystalline material used is 0.1-5 %mass. The modified beta -spodumene, modified beta -cristobalite, modified cordierite, modified aluminum tungstate or titanium pyrophosphate is beta -spodumene, beta - cristobalite, cordierite, aluminum tungstate or titanium pyrophosphate modified by a modifying agent. Preferred Method: The mixture of glass powder is prepared by heating and melting the raw material mixture to obtain molten glass, cooling the molten glass liquid, drying, grinding and milling. The mixture is heated to melting at 700-1300 degrees C and heat-preserved for 30-90 minutes to obtain a glass melt. The amorphous material and the crystalline material is pulverized for 1-10 minutes, then milled for 5-30 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The modifying agent is dimethyl adipate, hydrogenated rosin pentaerythritol ester, o-diethyl phthalate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, ethyl cellulose, terpineol, butyl carbitol, toluene or lecithin. The amount of modifying agent is 0.1-5 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic particles are silver, gold, copper or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is selected from hydroxy functional carboxylic acid ester with pigment affinity groups, acrylate copolymer with pigment affinity groups, polyether modified with pigment affinity group or copper compounds with pigment affinity groups. The organic solvent is selected from carbitol, terpineol, hexyl carbitol, Texanol (RTM: 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate), butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate or dimethyl adipate.
Preferred Definitions:    R=hydrocarbon; and    X=Cl, Br, or I.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent is gamma -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane or methyltriethoxysilane. The organic light-conversion molecular particles are calcein.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat conductive filler is made of carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon fiber, copper or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery module in which foam is made of urethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-conductive substrate comprises polymer film, polymer grid or polymer mesh.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The end portion fixing structures and the middle fixing structure are made of metal material. The thermal bars are made of metal e.g. aluminum, brass or copper, or alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The end portion fixing structures and the middle fixing structure are made of thermosetting plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Stress ratio of 4 directions is greater than or equal to 1.5. Ratio of stress ratio Amax with respect to stress ratio Amin is less than or equal to 1.4. Tensile strength ( sigma )3 of 4 directions is greater than or equal to 60 Mpa. Thickness of nylon layer is 5-50 mu m. Thickness of aluminum layer is 20-100 mu m. Thickness of polyolefin layer is 30-80 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic substance layer is made of silicone type fluororesin, paraffin type resin, ethylene urea system resin, methylol azide type-resin, silicone resin, and fluorine resin. The insulating layer is made of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The power and ground lines are made of conductive metal e.g. gold, silver, platinum, copper and aluminum. The catalytic balls comprise a substance selected from a group consisting of nickel, iron and cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - One or more metallic materials are selected from the group of substance consisting of copper, tin, nickel, titanium, silver-plated copper, nickel-clad copper, copper-clad aluminum, tinned copper, gold-plated nickel, stainless steel, alloys thereof, and combinations thereof. The conductive particles are selected from a group consisting of gold, silver, nickel, copper, aluminum, tin, zinc, titanium, bismuth, tungsten, lead, and alloys thereof.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The at least one layer of back insulation layer is formed of a polymer composition containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), an ionomer or poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide and/or lithium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves mixing hydrofluoroether mixture comprising fluoroether compounds of formulae (I)-(IV) with polar organic solvents and lithium salts. Preferred Components: The fluoroether compound (I) is 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-3-((pentafluoroethoxy)methoxy)propane (C6H4F10O2). The organic solvent is ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate and/or dimethyl carbonate. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The imidazole compound is chosen from 2-dimethyl imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-phenyl-imidazole, imidazole and benzimidazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polyimide has light transmittance of 80% or more with respect to light having wavelength of 400 nm. Preferred Definitions:    X1=group of formula (II);and    Y1=group of formula (III).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The dust blocking groove is made of PVC, stainless steel, aluminum or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is chosen from 1-chloronaphthalene, poly(oxyethylene tridecyl ether) and 1,8-octane dithiol. The solvent (s1) includes chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and chloroform. The solvent (s2) includes methylene chloride, quinoline, 2-chlorophenol, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electron donor is chosen from 10 compounds e.g. poly-3-hexyl thiophene, poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexoxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene), and copper phthalocyanine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A solid filler comprises an electrode protective layer including Lithium Nitride, titanium oxide and lithium nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Elastomer layers independently comprise silicone polymers, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Natural polyisoprene: cis-1 ,4-polyisoprene natural rubber (NR) and trans-1,4-polyisoprene gutta-percha, Synthetic polyisoprene, Butyl rubber, Polybutadiene, Nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, Polyacrylic rubber, Fluoroelastomers, Polyether block amides, Ethylene-vinyl acetate, Polysulfide rubber and Elastolefin. First and second high mechanical strength layers independently comprise materials selected from the group consisting of silicone, PET, PE, PP, PEEK, PVDF, Polysulfone, Kapton, Polyester, Mylar, polyurethanes, PVC and fiberglass. Low ionic resistance layer comprises materials selected from the group consisting of nonwoven polyethylene, polypropylene, polyesters, polyimides, PVDF, PTFE and nylon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The battery pack main portion is formed of carbon fiber reinforced unsaturated resin. The glass fiber cover is formed of magnesium aluminum alloy composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal M is selected from alkali metal element and transition metal element. The acid is selected from sulfuric acid and nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method further comprises terpineol, hexyl acrylate, poly-glycol 20000, hexyl cellulose and Triton.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polyacrylonitrile and polymethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by taking 9-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)anthracene derivative of formula (i) and bis(isopropylcyclopentadienyl)tungsten dihydride derivative of formula (ii) at molar ratio of 1:(2-3), reacting under alkaline environment, adding organic metal catalyst and organic solvent, and carrying out Suzuki coupling reaction at 75-120 degrees C for 24-48 hours. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of Compound (i) and organic metal catalyst is (0.00l-0.1):1. The organic metal catalyst is organic palladium. The organic palladium is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The first glass layer and the second glass layer are made of tempered embossing glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The light diffuse-reflection coating is made of material selected from one of silicon oxide (SiOx), titanium oxide (TiO2), zirconium oxide (ZrOx), aluminum oxide (AlOx), zinc oxide (ZnOx) and tantalum oxide (TaOx). The anti-reflection coating is made of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first encapsulated layer or the second encapsulated layer is made of ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, thin-film ionic polymer or silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal (m2)-containing compound comprises organic compound, chloride, bromide and/or iodide of metal (m2). The substrate contains silicon, silica, germanium, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, silicon carbide, alumina, lithium-aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, indium-tin oxide, quartz, sapphire, mica, graphite and/or graphene. Preferred Process: A metal (m2)-chalcogenide thin film is formed under inert gas or rare-gas atmosphere. The metal (m2)-chalcogenide thin film is imprinted on target substrate containing glass, quartz, sapphire, silicon carbide, magnesium oxide, plastic, ceramic, rubber and/or metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal (m2) and metal (m2) are scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, rubidium, rhodium, palladium, silver, tin, antimony, lanthanum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, lead and/or polonium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chalcogen source comprises sulfur, selenium, tellurium, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen selenide and/or hydrogen telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A polymer support layer containing polymethyl methacrylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polytetrafluoroethylene and/or benzyl methacrylate is formed on metal (m2)-chalcogenide thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Drying is carried out at 55-60 degrees C. The reaction systems A and B is washed for 6-8 times using pure water. Ball milling is carried out at speed of 80-100 revolutions/minute. Preferred Composition: The ratio of ball to raw materials is 8-10:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The added amount of ethanol is 65.0-75.0 wt.%. The added amount of oleic acid is 1.0-1.2 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of sulfuric acid is 2 mol/L. Preferred Method: The drying is done at 55-60 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of the film is 50-300 mu m. Preferred Composition: The film comprises polyester resin composition including 1-5 wt.% carbon black particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5 Thiophene-containing organic dyes are disclosed i.e. 5-carboxycyanovinylen-3,3''-dioctyl-3"',4"'-ethylenedioxy-5'-hexyl-2,2':5',2":5",2"'-quaterthiophene of formula (I-a), 5-carboxycyanovinylen-3,3''-dioctyl-3"",4""-ethylenedioxy-5""-hexyl-2,2':5',2":5",2"':5"',2""-pentathiophene, 5-carboxycyanovinylen-3,3''-dioctyl-3"',4"'-ethylenedioxy-2,2':5',2":5",2"'-quaterthiophene, 5-carboxycyanovinylen-3,3"-dioctyl-3"",4""-ethylenedioxy-2,2':5',2":5",2"":5"',2""-pentathiophene and 5-carboxycyanovinylen-3,3"-dioctyl-3"",4""-ethylenedioxy-5""-hexyl-2,2':5',2":5",2"":5"',2""-pentathiophene.    EXAMPLE - A mixture of 0.2 g 5-formyl-5"-bromo-3,3"-dioctyl-2,2':5',2"-terthiophene, 0.21 g 2-tri-n-butylstannyl-5-n-hexyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and 20 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(O), was heated with 50 ml anhydrous toluene in a 100 ml flask. The obtained reaction mixture was cooled and solvent was evaporated at reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 30 ml dichloromethane and obtained solution was washed with 1 M aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and water and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated at reduced pressure and the obtained residue was purified, to obtain 0.12 g 5-formyl-3,3"-dioctyl-3"',4"'ethylenedioxy-5"'-hexyl-2,2' :5',2":5",2"'-quaterthiophene as yellowish oil with yield of 48%. 80 mg 5-Formyl-3,3"-dioctyl-3"',4"'ethylenedioxy-5"'-hexyl-2,2':5',2":5",2"'-quaterthiophene was mixed with 20 mg cyanoacetic acid, 53 mg ammonium acetate and 20 ml glacial acetic acid. The obtained reaction mixture was heated, cooled, filtered, and washed with diluted aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and water, to obtain 80 mg 5-carboxycyanovinylen-3,3''-dioctyl-3"',4"'-ethylenedioxy-5"'-hexyl-2,2':5',2":5",2"'-quaterthiophene as black solid with yield of 92%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by taking indane derivative of formula (II) and quinoxaline derivative of formula (III), adding organic solvent and catalyst, and reacting. Preferred Components: The catalyst is organic palladium or organophosphorus ligand. The organic solvent is toluene, dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bistriphenylphosphine palladium dichloride, Tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium, Palladium acetate or tris dibenzylideneacetone dipalladium acetone. The organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine and/or trismethoxyphenyl phosphine. The electron acceptor is phenyl butanoate or phenyl butyrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The reaction is done at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours. The preparation method includes adding methanol, precipitating, filtering, washing with methanol, extracting using n-hexane, adding chloroform, evaporating and purifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The metal silver powder has a particle size of 0.5-4 microns. The glass powder has a particle size of 0.5-3 microns, is a lead-free glass powder including bismuth oxide and boron, and has softening temperature of 460 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of silver oxide powder and metal silver powder is 3:4. The silver oxide powder has a particle size of 1-4 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is terpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antioxidant is antioxidant 168 and the secondary antioxidant is distearyl thiodipropionate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxygen barrier agent has ethylene content of 40-60%, and a degree of saponification of more than 90% of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The water vapor barrier agent comprises polymethacrylic acid, tridecafluoro-octyl acrylate, heptadecafluorodecyl triethoxysilane in a ratio of 1:0.8-1.2:1.5-2.5. The crosslinking agent comprises a crosslinking agent and a crosslinking additive in a ratio of 8-10:1. The crosslinking agent comprises an organic peroxide and an azo compound in a weight ratio of 1:0.8-1.2. The organic peroxide comprises dicumyl peroxide, tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate and 3,3-di(tert-butylperoxy)butyrate in a weight ratio of 1.8-2.6: 0.8-1.2:1. The crosslinking additive comprises triallyl cyanurate and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate in a weight ratio of 1:1.4-2.2. The coupling agent is vinyl triacetoxy silane, vinyl tris(tert-butylperoxy)silane and vinyl tris( beta -methoxyethoxy)silane in a weight ratio of 1.4-2.2:1:2-3. The antioxidant comprises pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol) phosphate in a weight ratio of 1:1-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ethylene-vinyl acetate resin has a melting point at 98-100 degrees C, density of 0.92-0.98 g/cm3, vinyl acetate content of 10-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layers are made of metal e.g. nickel, Gold, Silver, platinum, Chromium, Iron, Manganese, copper, Aluminum, Titanium, Lanthanum, Magnesium, Molybdenum, Zinc, Lead, Tin and Tungsten.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer material is selected from a group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylchloride, polycarbonate, polystyrene, poly dimethylsiloxane, polyurethane, polystyrene and polybutadiene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The birefringent material is liquid crystal polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: At least a part of conductor layer is metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Average sheet resistance of conductor layer of meshwork structure is less than or equal to 200 ohms/square. Peeling strength of polyimide sheet adhered on modified-layer surface through epoxy resin adhesive is greater than or equal to 1 N/cm. Specific gravity of iron chloride is greater than or equal to 1.31 g/cm3. Modified layer has etching tolerance of less than or equal to 1.33 g/cm3 with respect to etching process and free hydrochloric acid concentration immersed in etching liquid is 0.1-0.2 mol/L at less than or equal to 45 degrees C for 1-2 minutes. Average surface roughness on surface of modified layer is less than or equal to 4 mu m. Average thickness of modified layer is less than or equal to 400 nm. Light transmittance in region of greater than or equal to 1 part of region in which conductor layer of meshwork structure is formed is greater than or equal to 50% in 600 nm wavelength. Average value of the ratio of area of conductor wire with respect to sum of area of conductor wire and area of opening part of conductor layer is less than or equal to 0.3. Conductor wire width is less than or equal to 20 mu m. Meshwork structure is lattice structure which uses 1 side rectangle of less than or equal to 1 mm as unit element. Meshwork structure is close packed structure which uses 1 side hexagon of less than or equal to 0.6 mm as a unit element. Conductor layer of minute structure is provided in the surface of modified layer separately from conductor layer of meshwork structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive particles contain indium oxide and zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, zirconium, tin, or hydrogen, zinc oxide and gallium, aluminum, or boron, zinc peroxide, tin oxide and fluorine, tungsten, tantalum, antimony, or boron, titanium dioxide and niobium, titanium trioxide, ruthenium oxide, nickel oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, titanium nitride, germanium nitride, lanthanum nitride, tungsten carbide, tantalum carbide, titanium carbide, and/or carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickness of nano-silver ion coating is 30-50 nm. The thickness of polyester film is 0.05-0.1 mm. The thickness of polyvinyl fluoride thin film is 0.01-0.05 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The transparent insulation substrate is made of quartz glass, silicate glass, glass and sodium calcium glass material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal nano-particle layer is formed of lithium, cesium, potassium and sodium. The transparent anode electrode layer is made of gold, aluminum, silver or carbon nano tubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent anode electrode layer is made of tin indium oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, zinc gallium oxide and indium zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent insulation substrate is made of polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate or polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite, distearyl thiodipropionate and/or dilauryl thiodipropionate. The compatibilizer is 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, trimethoxyvinylsilane, triethoxyvinylsilane or glycidyl methacrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymethyl methacrylate has more than 91% light transmittance and more than 100 degrees C Vicat softening point.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The nanofibers of first and second porous materials comprise ceramic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lithium ion battery positive electrode comprises silicon and lithium metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first layer and third layer comprise polymer, polyolefin e.g. polyethylene and polypropylene, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylalcohol and polyacrylonitrile. The nanofibers of first and second porous materials comprise polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing is made of heat-resistant resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transmitted film comprises 5-150 wt.% ionic liquid as the ion conductivity electrolyte. The ion conductivity electrolyte is ionic liquid or organic electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The supporter is connected through the linker including spacer, which comprise the functional group having ether in both ends of the block copolymer, where the functional group is amide, urethane, and ester, and 1-18C alkyl, preferably triethoxysilane, acrylate and epoxy group. The composition comprises cross-linking agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The block copolymer is Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), and PEO-PPO-PEO or PPO-PEO-PPO form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal oxide is selected among vanadium pentaoxide, nickel oxide, molybdic trioxide, tungsten trioxide, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The P-type semiconductor layer contains material selected among polymers containing thiophenes patterns, thienothiophene pattern, diketopyrrolopyrrole patterns, benzothiadiazole patterns, thienopyrroledione patterns, bithiophenedicarboximide patterns, carbazols. The semiconductor molecules of the P-Type layer is chosen among porphyrin 7,7' - (4, 4-bis (2-ethylhexyl) - 4H-silolo (3,2-b: 4,5-b 2) dithiophene-2,6-diy1) bis (6-fluoro-4- (5' - hexy1 (2, 2 ' - bithiophen)-5-yl) benzo (C) (1,2,5) thiadiazole), boron-dipyromethene and molecules with core triphenylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The frame is made of aluminum, stainless steel and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyvinyl butyral or the polyolefin is filled between solar cell and back sheet. The ethylene vinyl acetate is laminated for the glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Substrate is coated with molybdenum layer, substrate comprises glass, plastic, polymer, ceramic, and aluminum foil, n-type semiconducting layer is zinc sulfide (ZnS), cadmium sulfide (CdS), indium sulfide (InS), oxide, and/or selenide, and transparent conductive material comprises doped zinc oxide (ZnO), indium-tin oxide, doped tin oxide, and carbon nanotube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first insulating sheet is made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutene, nylon, polyester, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, glass fiber, high-molecular fiber, and cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing binder comprising poly(vinylbutyral) and plasticizer comprising butyl benzyl phthalate and polyalkylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The glass transition temperature of the electron-transporting material is greater than 155 degrees C or 175 degrees C. The electron transporting material is a non-polymeric molecular carrier. The molecular carrier is zirconium-quinolinolate compounds of formula (I). The electron-transporting layer further comprises an electron donating material. The electron-donating material is a non-polymeric molecular dopant. The molecular dopant is tetrakis(1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido(1,2-a)pyrimidinato) ditungsten (II). The glass transition temperature of the light-emitting polymer is greater than 200 degrees C or 220 degrees C or 240 degrees C or 260 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The deposition of the solution comprising the light-emitting polymer is performed by spin coating, inkjet printing, dip coating, slot-color printing, jet printing, roll-to-roll printing, gravure printing or flexographic printing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer matrix of wavelength conversion layer is formed from a substance selected from a group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, amorphous polycarbonate, polystyrene, siloxane sol-gel, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyepoxide, and combinations.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent substrate is polymeric material i.e. selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate polyethylene naphthalene. The fluoride group transparent resin layer is made of a material i.e. selected from polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene tetrafluoro ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene or polychlorotrifluoroethylene. The transparent resin layer is made of material i.e. selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride ethylene tetrafluoro ethylene or polystyrene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium bis(pentafluoroethyl sulfonyl)imide, lithiumtetraoxoaluminate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium triflate, lithium perchlorate, lithium compound (Li(CF3SO2)(C2F5SO2)N) and/or lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide. The cathode of lithium secondary battery is crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon and natural graphite. The anode of lithium secondary battery is manganese spinel active material or lithiated metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glycidyl compound is glycidyl ether, diglycidyl 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylate, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, (3-glycidyloxypropyl) tri-methoxy-silane, N,N,N,N'-tetraglycidyl-m-xylenediamine and/or 1,3-bis(3-glycidyloxypropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane. The additive comprises fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate and propane sultone. The non-aqueous organic solvent is carbonate type compound and propionate type compound. The carbonate type compound is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, methylethylcarbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and/or butylene carbonate. The propionate type compound is ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, N-propyl propionate, iso-propyl propionate, N-butylpropionate, iso-butylpropionate and/or tert-butyl propionate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinyl acetate content of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 15-40 wt.%. Polyolefin includes ethylene, propylene, butadiene and/or isoprene. Additive including crosslinking agent, crosslinking aid, silane coupling agent, UV absorber and/or photostabilizer is further added during manufacture of sheet. Preferred Properties: The total thickness of the encapsulation sheet is 0.3-0.6 mm. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has melt index of 5-50 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The water barrier property film is made of a metal sheet or a polymer sheet, where the metal sheet includes iron, carbon, chrome, manganese, nickel, copper, aluminum and the alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer sheet is selected from the group of polyethylene group sheet, polypropylene group sheet, polymer clay composite and mesomorphism polymer sheet. The sealant polymer layers are made of polypropylene-co-acrylic acid copolymer, polyethylene- acrylic acid copolymer, poly chloride propylene, polypropylene-butylene-ethylene terpolymer, polypropylene polyethylene and ethylenepropylene copolymer. The mechanical support layer is polyester, polyamide, polyimide and polyolefin. The heat shrinkable tube is made of polyolefin, polyester, fluororesin and polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carbon nanotube has diameter of 5-50 nm and aspect ratio of 300-1000. Preferred Composition: The quantum dot is chosen from cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulfide, cadmium sulfide-coated cadmium selenide and cadmium sulfide-coated zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The protonic acid is chosen from 2-mercapto-benzoic acid and 4-mercapto benzoic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is inorganic oxide. The inorganic oxide is alpha -alumina. The content of filler is 100-10000 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. binder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is a protic solvent, preferably water, ethanol, isopropanol, 1-propanol and/or t-butanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is a water-soluble polymer, preferably carboxymethyl cellulose, alkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic acid and/or alginate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode (b) contains platinum, gold, nickel, copper, silver, indium, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, carbon and conductive polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer support layer contains polyvinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Elevation difference of corrugation on base material surface is 0.1-100 mu m. Total light transmittance of base material with respect to visible light is 60-99%. Haze rate of base material is 20-80%. Preferred Conditions: Drying temperature of 3rd process is 80-700 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The primary particles of silver powder have average particle diameter of 100-400 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid reducing agent is hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, hydrazine and/or formalin. The compound having carboxyl group is oxalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid and/or suberic acid. The dispersing agent is fatty acid, alkoxylated fatty alcohol, aromatic carboxylic acid, acrylic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, gum Arabic, polyvinylpyrrolidone and gelatin. The weight ratio of dispersing agent and silver nitrate is 1:0.01-0.45.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or undecylenic acid. The flatting agent is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high wear resistance paint comprises 80 pts. wt. polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), 10 pts. wt. methyl methacrylate, 4 pts. wt. dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, 5 pts. wt. diphenyl methane diisocyanate, 13 pts. wt. hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 5 pts. wt. benzoyl peroxide, 3 pts. wt. dibutyl tin dilaurate, 7 pts. wt. acid, 3 pts. wt. flatting agent, 3 pts. wt. propylene glycol, 2 pts. wt. zirconium oxide, 4 pts. wt. polydimethyl siloxane, and 2 pts. wt. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-t-butylperoxy hexane, 4,4-di(t-amyl peroxy) valerate n-butyl ester, triallyl isocyanurate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. The coupling agent is vinyl triacetoxy silane, vinyl triethoxy peroxide t-butylsilane and vinyl tris( beta -methoxyethoxy) silane. The light stabilizer is tris(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-piperidinyl) phosphite and 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. The antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetrakis-( beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate) and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The UV absorbent is bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, poly(1-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine) succinate and 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-phenyl)-5-benzotriazole chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfide and nitride quantum dots include molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, niobium sulfide, titanium sulfide, tantalum sulfide, carbon nitride and boron nitride. The quantum dots have particle size of 1-5 nm, narrow particle size distribution, and have high stability and dispersion in water and organic solvents. Preferred Method: The method comprises dispersing commercial bulk sulfide or nitride precursor in water or low-boiling organic solvent, adding surfactant and hydrogen peroxide, stirring and mixing, and placing in deep UV LED light, to obtain sulfide or nitride quantum dots. The method comprises dispersing commercial bulk sulfide or nitride precursor in 200 ml water or low-boiling organic solvent, adding 0-2 g surfactant, stirring for 1 hours, and mixing; 0.1-10 ml hydrogen peroxide, stirring for 0.2-5 hours by placing in deep UV LED light; turning off the lights and stopping stirring, then allowing the suspension to stand for 2-3 hours, and filtering.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant includes polyvinylpyrrolidone, P123 tri-block copolymer and polyvinyl alcohol in the mass ratio of 10:5:2. The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and/or ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The (co)polymer is a homopolymer, a random copolymer or a block copolymer. The carbon nanotubes are single walled or multi-walled. The (co)polymers are prepared by controlled radical polymerization using: nitroxides, where the nitroxide is N-tert-butyl-1-diethylphosphono-2,2-dimethylpropyl nitroxide, or reverse addition fragmentation chain transfer agent which is sulfur-containing compounds of formula (R1p-S-C(=S)-S-C(CH3)2-COOH).R1p=1-22C alkyl. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thermal stabilizer is dibutyl tin maleate and/or dibutyl tin dilaurate. The ultraviolet absorbing agent is phenyl salicylate. The radical trapping agent is sebacic acid bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl ester). The wide spectrum solar energy battery material further comprises 1-3 mass parts carbon black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is gelatin, sodium alginate and/or beta -cyclodextrin. The protective layer preparing method utilizes a solvent that is water, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethanol and/or n-propanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylic acid and/or PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal shield comprises tinned copper braid shield.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The semi-conductive shielding layer comprises crosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber as base material. The insulating layer is based on ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, and comprises medium-pressure crosslinked ethylene-propylene rubber as base material. The insulation shield layer comprises crosslinked vinyl acetate copolymer and nitrile rubber as peelable base material. Preferred Process: The reinforcing layer is formed by weaving dipped polyester cord.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catholyte comprises cation that is selected from quaternary ammonium salt, polymer ammonium salt, lithium salt, sodium salt or potassium salt. The anolyte comprises anion that is selected from chloride anion, bromide anion, iodide anion or fluoride anion. The metallocene compound is represented by linear formula M(C5H5)2 (I).M=Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ce, Al, Pb, Sn, Zr, Nb, Mo or Ru.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Functional group is selected from fluoride ion, chloride ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, cyanide ion, nitrite ion, aldehyde, ketone of formula RCO (II) or compound of formula NR1,R2 (III).R=methyl, ethyl, profile, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl or benzyl; andR1,R2=alkyl, particularly methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl or benzyl group.Solvent is acetonitrile. Non-water solvent is propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methylethylcarbonate or alcohol. The alcohol is polyol, ethanol, methanol or glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device having a nano-cone layer includes first materials such as poly-di-methyl-siloxane molded with an anodic alumina, polycarbonate, polyimide, plastic material. The device is subjected to an electrochemical anodization and wet chemical etching on the imprinted surface of the electrochemically ordered aluminum foil layer for fabricating an aluminum i-cone array using a mixture of citric acid, phosphoric acid, ethylene glycol and distilled water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The black glass further comprises additive and solvent. The glass substrate is plate glass or calendered glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The black coating comprises 3-40% inorganic film-forming material, 0.1-20% black pigment and 3-40% adhesive. The inorganic film-forming material is silica, zirconium oxide, barium sulfate, aluminum oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, zinc oxide, lead oxide, antimony oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, mica, lead white and/or talc. The black pigment is chosen from carbon black, lamp black, acetylene black, channel black, gas black, thermal black, graphite, bone black, iron oxide black and nigrosin. Preferred Property: The inorganic film-forming material has particle size of 0.001-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is chosen from catalyst, emulsifier, dispersant, polymerization inhibitor, rheological agent, anti-settling agent, siccative, anti-skinning agent, anti-shrinking agent, anti-impairment agent, anti-oxidation agent, lubricant, release agent, thermal stabilizer, light stabilizer, anti-electrostatic agent, abrasion-resistant agent, thickening agent and defoamer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive is chosen from colloid formed from alcoholate, organic salt, inorganic salt and/or organometallic compound, and organic polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first ions are contained with aluminum perchlorate viscous liquid (Al(ClO4)2(C3H5(OH)3)2) plus. The second ions are contained with aluminum perchlorate nonahydrate (Al(ClO4)4) minus, where the device comprises a dopant that contains aluminum alcoholate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyhydric carboxylic acid condensed cyclic aromatic compound has naphthalene ring. The polyhydric carboxylic acid condensed cyclic aromatic compound is chosen from 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 1,8-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid anhydride, 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, and/or their derivatives. The electroconductive polymer solution has pH of 3 or less. The sum total content of the polyhydric alcohol and polyhydric carboxylic acid condensed cyclic aromatic compound is 1-500 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. composite complex of conductive polymer and dopant. The polymer solution further contains dimethylsulfoxide or N,N-dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active layer is made of fullerenes and/or its derivatives containing a conjugated polymer compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: A portion of ethylene polymer is impregnated with the crosslinking adjuvant in preparation of mixture (I). The remaining ethylene polymer is impregnated with a liquid silane coupling agent together with a crosslinking agent in preparation of mixture (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Component (A) comprises an oligomeric or polymeric component, preferably polyamide, acrylic, and/or ethylene acrylic copolymer. The resin or rosin component comprises an activated rosin adduct or a rosin ether. The flux further comprises an activator to reduce formation of chemical species on the substrate, a plasticizer or surfactant, a reactive diluent, a colorant, a photosensitive material, and a binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The salt comprises lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is selected from gamma -butyrolactone, n-methyl-pyrrolidone, n- gamma -valerolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 3-methyl-oxazolidinone, tetramethylurea, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methylethylketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethylcarbonate, diethylcarbonate, dimethoxyethane, dimethoxymethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, acetonitrile, methylacetate, ethylacetate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate and/or polar aprotic solvent. The electrolyte material further comprises surface tension modifier, co-solvent. The surface comprises one of a substrate and an intermediate layer disposed at a top of the substrate. The intermediate layer comprises an adhesive material, a cathode material, an anode material, or an insulating material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises a polyimide. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the polymer is 1-1.5 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The receiving wall and a reflecting wall are formed from polymeric material selected from polyethylene, polycarbonate and acrylic. The receiving wall is formed with titanium dioxide reflective material. The cover is formed from material selected from polymeric material and glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The lower battery pack enclosure panel is made of metal selected from a group consisting of aluminum and steel. The ballistic shield is fabricated from metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The deformable cooling conduits are made of plastic polymer material selected from a group consisting of polyethylene and polypropylene. The ballistic shield is fabricated from high density plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate and cyclo olefin copolymer. The transparent substrate is made of glass, polymer and grapheme.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The second sacrificial layer is made up of zinc oxide, cadmium oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide and nickel oxide. The semiconductor compound is made up of silver sulfide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cupric selenide, selenium, molybdenum disulfide, lead sulfide, antimony sulfate, antimony phosphate and zinc sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first semiconductor oxide is made up of the group consisting of titanium, copper, zirconium, iron, zinc, iridium, lanthanum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, niobium, yttrium, scandium, samarium and gallium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The membranous polymers colloidal particle is made up of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, divinylbenzene, polyamide, and poly butyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The base material is surface treated by vacuum plasma processing by argon gas, vacuum plasma processing by acetylene gas, glow discharge process using carbon target, glow discharge process using target of alloy by metal which belongs to group 12 or group 4 in periodic table, or easily-adhesive coating. Preferred Composition: The gas-barrier film further comprises a polymeric resin layer (B) formed by laminating a polymeric resin (B) on the surface of the gas barrier layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorine resin is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chlorinated hydrocarbon or an aromatic solvent, preferably chloroform, chlorobenzene and/or o-dichlorobenzene. The solvent comprises 97 vol.% 1,2-dichlorobenzene and 3 vol.% 1,8-diiodooctane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of polymer (I) involves Suzuki coupling reaction, direct heteroaryl arylation or Stille coupling reaction of 4,6-dibromo-3-fluoro-thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate compound of formula (A) with 4,8-di-thiophen-2-yl-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene monomer of formula (B), (C) or (D). Preferred Method: The film-forming method involves a spin coating method or dispensing method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is organic palladium or organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand mixture at molar ratio of 1:4-1:8. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis triphenylphosphine dichloropalladium, tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium, palladium acetate, or tris dibenzylideneacetone acetone dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tris(o-methoxyphenyl)phosphine, or 2-bis cyclohexyl phosphorus-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The molar ratio of catalyst with organic palladium and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The alkali solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution, or sodium bicarbonate solution. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (A) is 20:1-50:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by uniformly mixing carbazole-containing derivative of formula (A) and phenanthrene-containing derivative of formula (B) at molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 under anaerobic condition, adding organic solvent containing catalyst and alkali solution, and carrying out Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours. Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding methanol, precipitating, filtering, washing residue with methanol, extracting with n-hexane, extracting with chloroform, collecting chloroform solvent, evaporating, and purifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The supercritical fluid is supercritical nitrogen (N2) having temperature of 50-380 degrees C and pressure of 7-40 MPa, where ratio of supercritical N2 and raw material mixture is 1:400-1:10, or supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) having temperature of 50-380 degrees C and pressure of 7-40 MPa, where ratio of supercritical CO2 and raw material mixture is 1:100-1:10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The indium precursor is indium butoxide, indium isopropoxide or indium nitrate. The tin precursor is tin butoxide, tin propoxide or stannic chloride. The solvent is ethyl alcohol, butanol, isopropanol or acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The surfactant is Tween-80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate). The organic binder is polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline earth metal oxide is magnesium oxide or beryllium oxide. The carbonate is potassium carbonate. The sulfate is sodium sulfate or sodium bisulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The ball milling is carried out by wet ball milling at rotating speed of 350-450 revolutions/minute for 8-20 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tin-containing particles are selected from tin alloy particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thin film contains 0.1-2 wt.% silica, 0.1-2 wt.% bismuth oxide, 0.1-2 wt.% vanadium oxide, 0.1-2 wt.% alumina, 0.1-2 wt.% gallium oxide and 0.1-2 wt.% boron oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: the dispersant is 18-22 g/L aqueous solution of sodium polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The interfacial modified film material further comprises dilauryl ester of thiodipropionic acid. Preferred Components: The heat stabilizer is dibutyltin maleate or dibutyltin dilaurate. The UV absorbent is phenyl salicylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive agent is acetylene black, electric conduction carbon black, Super-P (RTM: Conductive carbon black), carbon nano tube, carbon fiber and/or graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent is polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, and/or poly-4-vinyl benzene sulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, N,N'- bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide lithium and/or lithium bis (oxalate) borate. The electrolyte comprises nanoparticle containing silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and/or barium titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquid-based electrolyte solution comprises lithium salt and an ionic liquid composition. The ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis trifluoromethane sulfonimide salt, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate lithium and/or N-methyl-N-propyl-pyrrolidin-bis(trifluoromethane sulfonamide) salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fibrous matrix polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride - hexafluoropropylene, polyamide imide, nylon and/or polyimide. The cross-linked polymer is poly(methyl methacrylate), polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone. The method utilizes an initiator that is benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, azo-bis-isobutyrate nitrile and/or persulfate, and a cross-linking agent that is ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) 250, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, PEGDA575 ester and/or PEGDA700 diacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes a solvent that is tetrahydrofuran, acetone and/or dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte further comprises sodium salt electrolyte such as sodium phosphate, sodium sulphide, sodium polysulfide, sodium perchlorate, six in a sodium phosphate, trifluoromethyl sulfonate, trifluoromethyl sulfonate polyalkylene amine and imine sodium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The imidazole electrolyte comprises 1-methylimidazole, 1,2- dimethyl-imidazole, 1-butyl-3 methylimidazolium chloride and 1-butyl-trimethyl-imidazol perchlorate. The linear and cyclic ethers electrolyte comprises dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2 - methyltetrahydrofuran, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The linear and cyclic aliphatic ester electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, 1,2- dimethyl ethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, aliphatic carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, chloro ethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, trifluoromethyl methyl ester, di-n-propyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, ethyl isopropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate and methyl isopropyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The deformable cooling conduits are made of a plastic polymer material such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic hole transport layer comprises molybdenum trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole transport layer is spray coated over the bulk heterojunction active layer. The PEDOT:PSS layer is comprised of a PEDOT:PSS CPP layer and is spray coated using a formulation comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(styrene sulfonate), N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a gamma- glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane crosslinking agent, isopropanol, and an acetylenic glycol-based nonionic surfactant. The bulk heteroj unction active layer comprises poly((4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(l,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2- ((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophenediyl)) : :(6,6)-phenyl C6i-butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7:PCBM), poly(3-hexyl thiophene):(6,6)-phenyl C6i-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM). The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer comprises a spray coated silver layer, and the other electrode layer comprising a spray coated layer comprising poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS PH1000).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The spacer is formed of polypropylene, fluoropolymer and polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The polymeric segment includes acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, N-alkyl-acrylamides or N-alkyl-Methacrylamides such as Nisopropylacrylamide, N-isopropylmethacrylamide, diethylacrylamide, saccharides, fluoride of vinylidene, Hexafluoropropylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric segment includes polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polycarbonates, polyestercarbonates, polylactones, polylactames, polyesters, polyethers, homopolymers and soluble statistical copolymers of polyethers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pocket is formed by polymeric sheets such as polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copolymerization component is obtained from 3-10C aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, aliphatic diol, alicyclic dicarboxylic acid and alicyclic diol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The second hollow longitudinally extensive structure is formed from a polymeric material selected from high density polyethylene (HDPE), HDPE reinforced with fibres, cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), polypropylene and PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylate comprises an ester compound of formula: H2C=CR1COOR2.R1=H or CH3;R2=CnH2n+1;andn=8-18.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin comprises ethylene propylene copolymer, propylene-1-butene copolymer and/or ethylene-propylene-1-butene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: In the state before hardening, the adhesive composition has storage elastic modulus (G') of 0.1-20 kPa at 100 degrees C and frequency of 1 Hz, loss tangent tan-( delta ) of 1 or more, and storage elastic modulus (G') of 300-5000 kPa at 20 degrees C and frequency of 1 Hz. The composition has total light transmittance of 89% or more and haze of 3.0% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nucleating agent is polypropylene resin and/or phosphate ester metal salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of methacrylic ester in the resin layer (a) is 5-90 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass polyvinylidene fluoride. The resin layer (b) contains polyethylene, polyolefin resin, (meth)acrylic-type resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polystyrene-type resin, polyvinylidene chloride-type resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified compound, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate-type resin, fluorine resin, polyvinyl acetate type resin, acetal type-resin, polyester-based resin, polyamide-type resin, and/or polyphenylene-ether resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of manganese, zinc or nickel salt with respect to the Grignard reagent of 1-1.05. The molar ratio of Grignard reagent to 2,5-dihalo-3-alkylthiophene is 1.08-1.12. The transmetallation salt is halide salt, preferably manganese (II) halide or manganese (II) chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: Endothermic peak (I) is 6-12 mJ/mg and endothermic peak (II) is 3 mJ/mg or more. The sheet has a thickness of 5-50 mu m. Preferred Composition: The sheet contains 50-95 parts mass polyvinylidene fluoride, 50-5 parts mass poly (meth)acrylic acid ester, and 5-40 parts mass titanium oxide, or 0.1-5 parts mass UV absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fiber-reinforced resin composition has heat conductivity of 0.2 W/m.K or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lead mud is mixture comprising lead oxide and lead sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The wavelength conversion material is europium complex of formula (I).R=H or optionally substituted 1-20C hydrocarbyl, preferably H;andn=1-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of organic-type ultraviolet absorber contained in the surface-side sealing film is 0.0001-0.1 part mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin material. The content of wavelength conversion material is 0.0001-1 part mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin material. The resin material is a resin material containing an ethylene-polar monomer copolymer. The ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The rigid support bodies are made of a steel plate, stainless steel and aluminum, where a heat resistant insulated resin sheet is arranged between the rigid support body and a thin film solar cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The cell laminates a front side of the light absorbing layer with at a glass covering.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The light absorbing layer is made of crystalline silicon such as czocharalski grown silicon and epitaxially grown silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The M2 layer is made of pre-fabricated metal foil material selected from a group consisiting of aluminum, copper and tin and metallic alloy. The M2 layer has a pre-coated solder pre-coated solder that is made of tin, bismuth, tin solder alloy, bismuth solder alloy, tin/zin calloy solder alloy and bismuth/zin solder alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The backplane sheet is made of a flexible material comprising an aramid fiber material and a resin material. The cell laminates a front side of the light absorbing layer with at a flexible fluoropolymer covering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator is potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, sodium sulfite and/or azobisisobutyronitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-soluble acrylic monomer is a monomer containing carbon-carbon double bond and radical polymerizable hydrophilic groups including carboxyl group, amide group and hydroxyl group, preferably acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, sodium acrylate, itaconic acid, vinyl acetate, hydroxyethyl acrylate and/or hydroxypropyl acrylate. The oil soluble acrylic monomer is a monomer having a carbon-carbon double bond and lipophilic aliphatic side chain, preferably methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, octyl acrylate and/or lauryl acrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The SBS copolymer is a latex emulsion in a concentration of 45-55%. Preferred Method: The process is carried out at a stirring speed of 200-600 rpm, a reaction temperature of 60-90 degrees C at a heating rate of 1-5 degrees C/minute for 1-4 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene. The secondary antioxidant is tri(nonylphenyl)phosphite. The light stabilizer comprises poly(1-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidyl succinate) (LQ-622) and poly((6-((1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)-1,6-hexanediyl((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)) (HS-944) at ratio of 1-3:2-5. Preferred Method: The extruding process is carried out at 170-220 degrees C. The blow extruding process is carried out at 180-220 degrees C temperature, 1.5-1.8 blow ratio, 35-40 revolutions/minute rotating speed, and 30-40 m/minute pulling speed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The panel is made of a polyurethane-, mineral wool- and polystyrene- material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The shroud is made of polyester fibers having yield strength in tension of 15000 Newtons per square centimeter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitroxyl radical polymer has repeating units of formulae (3)-(8) and has number average molecular weight of 500-2000.Ar1 = aromatic hydrocarbon;R = H or 1-6C hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoactive platinum complex catalyst is a beta -diketones platinum complex or a platinum complex having a cyclic diene compound as ligand. The photoactive platinum complex catalyst is at least one member including trimethyl(acetylacetonato)platinum complex, trimethyl(2,4-pentanedionate) platinum complex, trimethyl(3,5 heptanedionate)platinum complex, trimethyl(methylacetoacetate)platinum complex, bis(2,4-pentanedionato)platinum complex, bis(2,4-hexanedionato)platinum complex, bis(2,4-heptanedionate)platinum complex, bis(3,5-heptanedionato)platinum complex, bis(1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionato)platinum complex, bis(1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionato)platinum complex, (1,5-cyclooctadienyl)dimethyl platinum complex, (1,5-cyclooctadienyl)diphenyl platinum complex, (1,5-cyclooctadienyl)dipropyl platinum complex, (2,5-norbornadiene)dimethyl platinum complex, (2,5-norbornadiene)diphenyl platinum complex, (cyclopentadienyl)dimethyl platinum complex, (methylcyclopentadlenyl)diethyl platinum complex, (trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl)diphenyl platinum complex, (methylcycloocta-1,5-dienyl)diethyl platinum complex, (cyclopentadienyl)trimethyl platinum complex, (cyclopentadienyl)ethyldimethyl platinum complex, (cyclopentadienyl)acetyldimethyl platinum complex, (methylcyclopentadienyl)trimethyl platinum complex, (methylcyclopentadienyl)trihexyl platinum complex, (trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl) trimethyl platinum complex, (dimethylphenylsilylcyclopentadienyl) triphenyl platinum complex or (cyclopentadienyl)dimethyltrimethylsilylmethyl platinum complex. The composition is to be cured and bonded to a glass substrate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Light reflecting agent consists of infrared reflecting agent or far infrared reflecting agent. Light reflecting agent is full spectrum light. Full spectrum light reflecting agent is soft powder, preferably titanium pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The 2nd packaging film is full spectrum light reflecting agent. Main component of 2nd packaging film is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic nanocrystal is made from material selected from cadmium-selenium, cadmium-tellurium, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta (2,1-b;3,4-b?)dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)). (PCPDTBT), lead sulfide or lead selenium. The anode buffer layer is made of lithium fluoride or molybdenum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The upper electrode layer is made of silver or gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The anode buffer layer is made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A phenothiazine derivative of formula (VI) and tetrahydrothiophene derivative of formula (V) are reacted, to obtain thiophene derivative (I).R5=-C(R6)2-C(R6)2- or -C(R6)2-CH2-C(R6)2-;andR6=1-30C linear or branched alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: PCTFE coating comprises 72 pts. wt., preferably 78 pts. wt. PCTFE, 10 pts. wt., preferably 14 pts. wt. butyl methacrylate, 13 pts. wt., preferably 16 pts. wt. hexafluorobutyl acrylate, 7 pts. wt., preferably 10 pts. wt. isophorone diisocyanate, 7 pts. wt., preferably 9 pts. wt. trimethylolpropane diacrylate, 5 pts. wt., preferably 8 pts. wt. azo-bis-isoheptonitrile, 5 pts. wt., preferably 7 pts. wt. propylene glycol propyl ether, 3 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. diethylene diamine, 3 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. dipropylene glycol methyl ether, 4 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. acid, 2 pts. wt., preferably 4 pts. wt. flatting agent, 4 pts. wt., preferably 6 pts. wt. KH-560, and 1 pt. wt., preferably 3 pts. wt. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Acid is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or undecylenic acid. Flatting agent is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal ion compound is selected magnesium hydroxide, titanium hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, silver hydroxide, and tin hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is selected from polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide and polyacrylic acid .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer binder comprises polyacrylic acid type polymer binder, phenolic resin-type polymer binder, rubber-type emulsion polymer binder, epoxy-type polymer binder, polyurethane polymer binder and/or carboxymethyl cellulose-type polymer binder. The binder is polyacrylic acid type polymer and/or polyacrylate. The polyacrylic acid-type polymer binder comprises polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and/or polyacrylic acid-polyacrylonitrile copolymer. The phenolic resin-type polymer binder is an aqueous phenolic resin-type polymer binder. The polyurethane polymer binder comprises polyurethane emulsion, vinyl polyurethane emulsion and/or polyisocyanate blocked polyurethane emulsion. The carboxymethyl cellulose-type polymer binder is carboxymethyl cellulose and its salt type polymer binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dilute sulfuric acid solution formulation further comprises 1-2 wt.% dodecyl sulfonic acid sodium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer is styrene or acrylic acid. The initiator is potassium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, azobisisobutyrynitrile, dibenzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyl hydrochloride, benzoyl peroxide or methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. The amount of initiator is 30-70 %mass. The additive is acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and/or vinylimidazole. The amount of additive is 1-50 %mass. The dispersant is water or ethanol. The amount of dispersant is 20-50 %mass. The low-surface energy material is silica sol, hexamethyl silazane or fluorosilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The emulsifier is polyvinylpyrrolidone, methacrylic acid, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether, hydroxyethyl acrylate or sodium dodecyl sulfate. The amount of emulsifier is 0.5-5 %mass based on amount of monomer. The polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitosan, polyacrylonitrile, polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol or polyurethane. The amount of polymer is 5-20 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The double-layered structure of window layer further comprises transparent conductive film substrate comprising indium-tin oxide film, doped aluminum, gallium or cadmium-zinc oxide thin film. The nano oxide layer contains zinc oxide, titanium oxide and doped oxide. The dopant comprises aluminum, magnesium, indium, gallium and/or cadmium. The light-absorbing layer comprises inorganic compound chosen from lead selenide, lead sulfide cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, cadmium telluride, cadmium selenide, zinc selenide, copper-indium-gallium selenide, organic-inorganic composite semiconductor material of formula: CH3NH3PbBrxIyCl3-x-y or CH3NH3SnBrxIyCl3-x-y, (where x and y are not defined), isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate, phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester, poly-3-hexyl thiophene,poly(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b:3,4-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)), poly((4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophenediyl)) and/or poly(4,4-dioctyldithieno(3,2-b:2',3'-d)silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-4,7-diyl. The buffer layer comprises lead selenide, 4-6 semiconductor group lead sulfide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, cadmium telluride, cadmium selenide, 2-6 semiconductor group zinc selenide and/or 1-3-5 semiconductor group element. Preferred Property: The thickness of light-absorbing layer, nano-oxide layer, buffer layer and transparent conductive film is 0.1-10 mu m, 20-200 nm, 20-200 nm and 20-200 nm, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metallic back electrode is made of metal chosen from nickel, aluminum, gold, silver, copper, titanium and chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal layer comprises stainless steel, aluminum, titanium alloy, titanium-zinc plate, aluminum-based steel strip, cold-rolled steel plate or hot-rolled steel plate and having thickness of 0.2-5 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The laminated photovoltaic panel is coated with polyurethane layer comprising polyurethane or polyurethane composite material as polymer layer. The surface of polymer layer is coated with a photocatalyst layer containing titanium dioxide, silver-titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and/or zinc oxide. The insulating layer contains polyethylene terephthalate, hard polyvinyl chloride, phenolic resin paper-based enhanced perfluorocyclopentenyl, phenolic resin-reinforced perfluorocyclopentene, 3240FR4-type epoxy resin-reinforced glass fiber, sheet-molded-compound fiberglass-reinforced polyester resin or dough-molded-compound glass fiber-reinforced polyester resin. The polymer layer contains polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate and/or polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Bis(2-nitro-4-bromophenyl)pyrrole derivative, and triethylphosphite or triphenyl phosphine are reacted to obtain 3,8-dibromo indole-and-pyrrole derivative (I). Preferred Definitions:    R1=C6H13-, C8H17-, C10H21-, C12H25-, C16H33- or C20H41;and    R1=group chosen from 16 groups e.g. hexyl, hexan-1-ol, 3-methyl-heptyl, octyl or 2-ethyl-hexan-1-ol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dye is C101 dye, C106 dye, D5 dye, N1 dye, N3 dye, N719 dye, Z4 dye, black dye and/or natural dye. The gel is 0.1-0.2 g/ml polyacrylic resin containing ethyl alcohol solution. The pore forming agent is toluene. Preferred Composition: The liquid state electrolyte comprises 10 ml propionitrile, 0.12 g iodine, 0.67 g lithium iodide, 1.345 g, 1,3-imidazole iodine salt, and 0.8 ml 4-tert-butyl pyridine. The carbon black slurry comprises 2 g carbon black, 15 ml amyl acetate, 5 ml ethyl acetate, 0.35 g polyvinyl butyrate, 1.3 g cellulose, and 0.3 g graphite fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The basic compound is optical stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The outer side film is polybutylene terephthalate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat pipe is made of copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The alkaline polymer is polyazole-based compound. The polyazole-based compound is polyimidazole-based compound, polybenzimidazole-based compound, polybenzoxazole-based compound, polyoxazoline compound, polythiazole-based compound and/or polybenzothiazole-based compound. Preferred Properties: The equivalent weight of fluoropolymer is 500-1500 g/equivalent. The equilibrium moisture content of electrolyte film is 5-80 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive agent further contains a curing agent chosen from polyisocyanate (block) compound and oxazoline-group-containing resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The imprint material further contains a surfactant. The polymeric group of compound (A) and compound (B) is chosen from acryloyloxy group, methacryloyloxy group, vinyl group, and allyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The film or electronic device further comprises a third layer comprising an encapsulant resin. The third layer further comprises at least one rare-earth organometallic complex, where the total amount of rare-earth organometallic complex present in the encapsulant film is at least 0.0001 wt.%, preferably 0.01-2 wt.%. The second layer includes at least two rare-earth organometallic complexes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rare-earth organometallic complex: is europium-, terbium- or samarium-based complex; absorbs UV light having a wavelength of 200-550 nm; and emits light having a wavelength of 400-1200 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The encapsulant resin of the second layer is: an ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer; and a silane-grafted polyolefin. EXAMPLE - Base resin comprised of ENGAGE 8200 (RTM: Thermoplastic ethylene/1-octene copolymer) having a density of 0.870 g/cc. (1,10-Phenanthroline)tris(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedionato)europium(III) was incorporated into the above polymer. The polymer-complex blend was prepared by mixing at 60-80 rpm at 200 degrees C for 10 minutes followed by a quick cooling process. The compounded samples were placed in a mold and compressed at 110 degrees C into a film with a thickness of 0.25 mm. A multilayer encapsulant film having two layers was made by pressing the two layers, both of which were 0.25 mm thick, into one film with a total thickness of 0.5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal-oxide is chosen from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide and indium-doped zinc oxide. The content of metal-oxide nanoparticles is 1-6 weight/weight (%), preferably 1-2 weight/weight (%). The ratio of metal-oxide proportion and cellulose-derived polymer is 0.35-0.5, preferably 0.42-0.43.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The suspension further contains anti-foaming agent which is tri-butyl phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cellulose-derived polymer is soluble in water. The cellulose-derived polymer is chosen from hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose, cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyl cellulose and methyl ethyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose. The content of cellulose-derived polymer is 0.1-12 weight/weight (%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer has core-shell structure, in which core portion contains 50 wt.% or more (meth)acrylic acid ester monomeric unit and (meth)acrylonitrile monomeric unit, crosslinkable monomer unit, a fluorine group-containing monomeric unit, and shell portion contains 20 wt.% or more aromatic vinyl monomer unit. Preferred Property: The particulate-form polymer has volume average particle diameter of 0.01-1 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Reactive diluent is phenyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, benzyl glycidyl ether, and/or alkyl glycidyl ether. Solvent is acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, dichloroethane, toluene, and/or xylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The supporting rod is made of rubber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: Polymer (I) is of formulae (II)-(VI).A'=group of formula (v). Preferred Definitions:    A,B'=group chosen from group of formulae (a)-(d);and    R41-R46=H or (1-50C) alkyl (preferably 25-50C alkyl).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first material is oxide or carbide or oxycarbide or the first material is a polymer belonging to the family of parylene. The assembly comprises particles comprising at least two types of materials, where a first type of material has a higher permeability for molecules of oxygen than for water molecules, and the second type of material has a higher permeability for water molecules than for oxygen molecules.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The encapsulating device comprises a substrate on which is formed the assembly comprising the particles. The substrate has a thickness of several tens of microns. The geometric structure is hexagonal or face-centered cubic. The assembly comprising the particles has a thickness of 1-5 microns. The particles have size of several tens of nanometers and a few microns. The particles have at least two different sizes to achieve a particle size gradient. The thickness of the infiltration layer is less than 1 micron. In the device including the sensitive device and the encapsulating device, the encapsulating device comprises a substrate. The device comprises a sealing adhesive between the sensitive device and the encapsulating device. Preferred Method: The particles are coated with at least one infiltrating layer comprising nitride or oxide or oxynitride or polymer. The particles are covered by at least one first infiltration layer comprising oxide or nitride or oxynitride, and a second infiltration layer comprising polymer belonging to the family of the parylene. In the method: the compact assembly of particles is achieved by a technique of transferring a set of colloid monolayers in a transfer liquid to the surface of a substrate; the infiltration step is carried out by deposition technique such as atomic layer deposition, or by chemical vapor deposition or plasma assisted chemical deposition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal salt solution is selected from zinc chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin multiperforated layer includes polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene-1, polypentene-1, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polyhexene-1, polyoctene-1, polyvinylacetate, polymethyl methacrylate or polystyrene. The resin is ethylene alpha -olefin copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert gas used during preparation of composite material is helium, or nitrogen. The alkaline solution used during preparation of composite material is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution with concentration of 5-8 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composite material contains 45-48 pts. wt. polycarbonate, 10-13 pts. wt. sodium hydrogen carbonate, 4-6 pts. wt. polyethylene glycol, 15-18 pts. wt. dichloromethane, 6-8 pts. wt. graphene, 2-3 pts. wt. polyester fibers, 3-5 pts. wt. sodium chlorate, 2-4 pts. wt. zinc acetate dihydrate, 7-9 pts. wt. ethyl acetate and 2-3 pts. wt. acrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The azaborinine derivative is selected from Formulas (I-1-a) to (I-2-f), e.g., (I-1-a)R4=H, F and alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms.The azaborinine derivative is selected from small molecule, monomer, oligomer and polymer. Preferred Device: The component or device is selected from organic field effect transistors (OFET), thin film transistors (TFT), integrated circuitry (IC), radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, organic light emitting devices (OLED), organic light emitting transistors (OLET) and backlights of displays. Preferred Definitions:    A1,A2=cyclopentadiene, mono-, di-, tri- and tetracyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems and their respective derivatives where one or more aromatic ring atom may be replaced by N and/or one or more of the non-aromatic ring atoms may be replaced by a group selected from O, S, Se, NR3 and SiR32, preferably O, S and NR3;    R3=H or optionally substituted 1-40C carbyl or hydrocarbyl;    B1=Ar3, Ar4-Ar5 and Ar6-Ar7-Ar8;    Ar3,Ar4,Ar5,Ar6,Ar7,Ar8=mono- or polycyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems, which may be substituted or unsubstituted, preferably benzene, napthalene, anthracene, phenantrene, phenalene, tetracene, pyrene, chrysene, linear and angular pentacene, linear and angular hexacene, cyclopentadiene, indene, indacene, fluorene, acenaphthylene and the respective derivatives where one or more aromatic ring atoms may be replaced by N and/or one or more of the non-aromatic ring atoms may be replaced by a group selected from O, S, Se, NR3, CR32 and SiR32, preferably O, S and NR3; and    R1,R2=H, alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms and aryl having 5-30 carbons atoms and heteroaryl having 5-30 aromatic ring atoms.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent is isocyanate-based curing agent. The solvent is acetone or xylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The mass ratio of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and polyamide fiber is 1-3:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The peroxide crosslinking agent is t-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate. The thickener is gamma - (methacryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. The antioxidant includes octadecyl( beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propoinate) and tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite in mass ratio of 1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-vinyl acetate resin has vinyl acetate content of 20-40%. The modifier is polyisoprene, polybutene, 1,2-polybutadiene, maleic anhydride-modified low-molecular weight 1,2-polybutadiene and/or polybutadiene styrene copolymer. Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of modifier is 1000-5000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Acidic nutrient is selected from humic acid, sulfonated humic acid, lignin sulfonic acid, cellulose sulfate, amino acid salt, phosphoric acid, acid phosphate, powdered humic material, peat, light brown coal, lignite oxide or weathered coal. Alkaline film forming material is potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium or calcium salt of lignin, humic acid or chitin and its derivatives. Humic acid raw material is peat, light brown coal, lignite or weathered coal. The other material is wood, bamboo, straw, corn stover, plant wheat straw or reeds. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients are urea, ammonium sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, ammonium nitrate, amino acids salts, inorganic salts, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride mixed with inorganic or organic nutrients. Additive is fly ash, slag phosphorus, calcium carbonate, gypsum, kaolin or diatomaceous earth. Preferred Conditions: Disk granulation method is granulation, drum granulation or extrusion granulation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Sodium methanesulfonamide is prepared by reacting sodium methoxide and methanesulfonamide in a molar ratio of 3:1-1:1, in solvent (A). The solvent (A) is tetrahydrofuran, anisole, acetonitrile, propionitrile, ethanol, isopropanol, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, dichloromethane and/or dichloroethane. The solvent (B) is tetrahydrofuran, anisole, acetonitrile, propionitrile, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dioxolane, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, dichloromethane, dichloroethane and/or toluene. The solvent (C) is anisole, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, methylethyl sulfone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and/or N-ethylpyrrolidone. The solvent (D) is anisole, dimethyl sulfoxide, methylethyl sulfone, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl acetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and/or N-ethylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electric conduction agent comprises 20-30 pts. wt. aluminum sulfate, and 20-40 pts. wt. magnesium sulfate. The thickening agent comprises 10-30 pts. wt. polyvinyl alcohol, 110-150 pts. wt. polyacrylamide, 12-25 pts. wt. lauric alkanolamide, 5-8 pts. wt. methanol, and 12-19 pts. wt. polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of the absorbing layer is selected from a group consisting of metal oxide, metal nitride and metal carbide. The material of the anti-reflection layer is selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide and silicon nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The density of the ethylene-( alpha )olefin-type copolymer is less than 900 kg/m3. The content of structural unit derived from the ( alpha )-olefin of the ethylene-( alpha )-olefin-type copolymer is more than 3 mol%. The silane-modified ethylene( alpha )-olefin copolymer is random copolymer of ethylene and ( alpha )-olefin. The content of silane-modified ethylene-( alpha ) -olefin copolymer is 3-100 wt.% with respect to total content of ethylene-( alpha )-olefin-type copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of alkali metal phosphate and phosphoric acid is 0.6-4.5 mol/ton and 1-5 mol/ton, respectively with respect to polyester. The alkali metal phosphate is sodium dihydrogenphosphate. The polycondensation reaction catalyst is germanium compound. The metallic element contained in the polyester resin composition satisfy the relation: 0.7 less than or equal to (M1/2+M2)/P less than or equal to 1.8, where M1 is amount of alkali-metal element (mol), M2 is amount of alkaline earth or metallic element of manganese (mol), and P is amount of elemental phosphorus (mol).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Manganese acetate is further added to the (trans)esterified material as a cocatalyst of transesterification or polycondensation reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: Glass fiber base material is fiber base material which consists of E glass, S glass, D glass, T glass, NE glass, UT glass, L glass, HP glass, and quartz glass. Amount of fiber base material is 20-70 mass% with respect to 100 mass% insulating layers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inorganic filler is chosen from talc, alumina, glass, silica, mica, aluminum hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide. Amount of inorganic filler is 30-79.9 mass% with respect to 100 mass% total solid of epoxy resin composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Bismaleimide compound is 4,4'-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, 2,2-bis(4-(4-maleimide phenoxy)phenyl) propane, bis-(3-ethyl-5-methyl-4-maleimide phenyl) methane, and polyphenyl methane maleimide. Epoxy resin is bisphenol-type epoxy resin, novolak-type epoxy resin, biphenyl type epoxy resin, aryl alkylene type epoxy resin, naphthalene type epoxy resin, anthracene type epoxy resin, and dicyclopentadiene type epoxy resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Half value widths of peak of loss tangent are 50-250. Glass transition temperature of insulating layer is 180-270 degrees C. Storage-elastic-modulus (E') of insulating layer is 1-20 GPa, preferably 0.1-1.5 GPa in 250 degrees C or 10-30 GPa at 30 degrees C. Thickness of insulating layer is less than or equal to 0.1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrically insulating material is selected from a composite of epoxy resin reinforced with glass fiber, composite reinforced polyester resin fiber glass, polyphenylene sulfide, PVC, or coated fabric of Bakelite (RTM: polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polymeric material has a shear elasticity modulus of 200 kPa or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of silicon alkoxide is 15-45 mass parts with respect to total of 100 mass parts of silicon alkoxide and organic modified silicon alkoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Electroconductive metal oxide film is laminated on coating membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polyolefin (P1) is more than heat resistant provision amount and below low-temperature lamination limited amount, and the content of polyolefin (P2) is more than low-temperature lamination provision amount and below heat-resistant limited amount. The polyolefin in the adhesive bond layer is cross-linked with imide bond. The polyolefin (P1) is chosen from polybutene, butene-ethylene copolymer, butene-propylene copolymer, butene-ethylene propylene copolymer and butene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer, and in which anhydride of unsaturated carboxylic acid and unsaturated carboxylic acid and (meth)acrylic acid ester is polymerized. Preferred Properties: The film thickness of adhesive bond layer is 1-5 mu m. The film thickness of the heat-sealing resin layer is 20-90 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline component is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The tannin is condensed tannin. The stilbene derivative is hexa-sodium 2,2'-(vinylene bis((3-sulfonato-4,1-phenylene)imino(6-(diethylamino)-1,3, 5-triazine-4,2-diyl)imino))bis(benzene-1,4-disulfonate) and/or 1,3,5-triazinyl derivative of 4,4'-diamino stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The lignin is lignin or sodium ligninsulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of particles in the protective layer is 0.1-5 %mass. The particles contain acrylic resin or silica. The adhesion layer contains an acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electric conduction sponge is polyaniline/polyurethane sponge electric conduction compound. The charging device includes a clamping element that is made of silicon glue, elastic material or foam material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ultraviolet-absorbing agent is selected from group consisting of 2- hydroxy -4- octoxybenzophenone, 2- hydroxy -4- methoxy -5- sulfone benzophenone, 2,4- dihydroxybenzophenone, 2- hydroxy -4- methoxy benzophenone, 2,2 ',4,4' - tetrahydroxybenzophenone, bis (2- methoxy -4- hydroxy -5- benzoylphenyl) methane, 2 - (2'- hydroxy -5- methyl phenyl) benzotriazole, 2 - (2'- hydroxy -5'- methyl phenyl) benzotriazole, 2,2'- methylenebises (4 - (1,1,3,3- tetramethylbutyl) -6 - (2H- benzotriazole -2 -yl) phenol)s, phenylsalicylate, P-t- butylphenylsalicylate, P-t- butylphenylsalicylate, and P- octylphenylsalicylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is made from glass or plastics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of carbon nanotubes in the graphene oxide dispersion solution is 2-15 vol.%. The conductivity of aqueous electrolyte is adjusted using a phosphate buffer solution. The atmosphere used during the secondary drying process contains air, nitrogen, or oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent is chosen from sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium tetrapropylenebenzenesulfonate, and Triton X (RTM: octylphenol ethoxylate). The solvent is water, alcohol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, benzene, toluene, xylene, pyridine, or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The matrix contains lithium atoms and silicon oxide. The particles contain cubic perovskite-type crystalline material containing lithium atoms.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A solution used in production solid electrolyte contains silicone compound or polyphosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is propylene glycol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, deionized water or diethyleneglycol ethyl ether. The content of deionized water in solvent is 40-80 wt.%. The content of diethylene glycol butyl ether and diethyleneglycol ethyl ether is 5-40 wt.%. The content of surfactant is 0.01-5 wt.% with respect to total content of ink composition. The ink composition further comprises 0.5-8 wt.% polyhydric alcohol. The concentration of p-toluenesulfonic acid solution is 0.01-0.2M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ink composition comprises aqueous dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, solvent and surfactant. The content of aqueous dispersion is 10-70 wt.% with respect to total content of composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The thermoplastic resin is PET A, PET G, PET G-PET A-PET G, styrene-butadiene copolymer, acrylate-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polystyrene, polyimide, polyamide, polysulfonate, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, modified-polyphenylene oxide, their blend or copolymers, phenol resin, epoxy resin or urethane resin. The tray has coating layer formed using antistatic coating solution containing conducting polymer, carbon nanotubes, graphene, thermosetting binder, water, organic solvent, and additives. The conducting polymer is polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylene thiophene), their derivatives, their copolymers or ( pi )-conjugated conducting polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Metal substrate is titanium substrate, nickel substrate or stainless steel substrate. Surfactant is Triton X-100 (RTM: Nonionic surfactant), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or P123 (RTM: Triblock copolymer).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Conductivity of poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) is greater than or equal to 500 S/cm. Preferred Components: Surfactant is nonionic surfactant. Dye-sensitized solar cell contains rigid substrate chosen from indium-tin oxide glass substrate of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate, and flexible substrate chosen from transparent plastic substrate coated with transparent conductive film or metal substrate. Transparent plastic substrate coated with transparent conductive film is ITO-polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler includes silica, kaolin and/or bentonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent includes isocyanate curing agent (preferred) or polyamide curing agent. The solvent includes acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coupling agent is KH550 (RTM: silane coupling agent).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The backsheet material further comprises 0.1-0.53 pt. wt. polyvinylpyridine bromohexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aliphatic amine is diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine and/or tetraethylenepentamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solar energy battery backboard PVDF modified substrate comprises 70-80 pts. wt, preferably 75 pts. wt. tetrabutylphosphonium chloride, 40-80 pts. wt, preferably 60 pts. wt. PVDF, 40-90 pts. wt, preferably 70 pts. wt. benzyltributylammonium chloride, 30-50 pts. wt, preferably 40 pts. wt. polyvinyl butyral, 80-90 pts. wt, preferably 85 pts. wt. PTFE, 50-55 pts. wt, preferably 53 pts. wt. chloromethyl styrene, 50-60 pts. wt, preferably 55 pts. wt. sodium tartrate, 40-80 pts. wt, preferably 60 pts. wt. polyphosphate, 50-70 pts. wt, preferably 60 pts. wt. phthalic acid ester and 30-40 pts. wt, preferably 35 pts. wt. aliphatic amine. The polyphosphate is sodium pyrophosphate, trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate and/or sodium hexametaphosphate. Preferred Method: The reaction is conducted at 320 degrees C for 8 hours. The cooling temperature is 15-35 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acid is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or undecylenic acid. Flatting agent is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: The coating comprises 72 pts. wt., preferably 78 pts. wt. PVDF, 10 pts. wt., preferably 14 pts. wt. butyl acrylate, 13 pts. wt., preferably 16 pts. wt. dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate, 7 pts. wt., preferably 10 pts. wt. isophorone diisocyanate, 7 pts. wt., preferably 9 pts. wt. neopentyl glycol monoacrylate, 5 pts. wt., preferably 8 pts. wt. azobis-isobutyronitrile heptanenitrile, 5 pts. wt., preferably 7 pts. wt. N-methylmorpholine, 3 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. titanium isopropoxide, 3 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. dipropylene glycol methyl ether, 4 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. acid, 2 pts. wt., preferably 4 pts. wt. flatting agent, 4 pts. wt., preferably 6 pts. wt. citric acid, and 1 pt. wt., preferably 3 pts. wt. poly(3-methylthiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Silicon dioxide is nano silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) antioxidant. Preferred Processes: Ethyl alcohol is refluxed under stirring speed of 70-80 rpm. Preferred Conditions: Stirring speed is 100-120 rpm, and stirring time is 30-50 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: The coating comprises 7-9 pts. wt. dialkyldimethylammonium methyl sulfate, 5-7 pts. wt. glyceryl stearate polysorbate, 4-7 pts. wt. polyvinyl alcohol, 6-9 pts. wt. anhydrous lanolin, 4-7 pts. wt. polyvinyl butyral, 3-5 pts. wt. stearic acid, 2-4 pts. wt. silicon dioxide, 5-8 pts. wt. propylene glycol, 2-4 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, 4-6 pts. wt. aluminum trichloride, 5-7 pts. wt. diisobutyl phthalate, 3-5 pts. wt. alkyd resin, 0.7-1 pt. wt. antioxidant, 3-5 pts. wt. carboxymethyl cellulose, 3-5 pts. wt. diallyl maleate, and 55-58 pts. wt. solvent. Solvent is mixed liquid of anhydrous ethyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol having mass ratio of 1-3:2-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solar-battery-backboard antioxidant coating contains 50 pts. wt. unsaturated polyester resin, 35 pts. wt. polytetrafluoroethylene, 25 pts. wt. hydroxy vinyl ether, 25 pts. wt. tetrafluoroethylene resin, 32 pts. wt. polyisocyanate, 9 pts. wt. curing agent, 14 pts. wt. defoamer, 8 pts. wt. leveling agent, 10 pts. wt. modifier and 55 pts. wt. glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The current collector is made of aluminum, copper, nickel, stainless steel and titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carbon nano tube is PTFE and polyvinylidene fluoride. The electric conduction agent is metal poly hexafluoropropylene, butyl benzene rubber and sodium carboxy-methyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amphoteric oxide is alumina or zinc oxide. The polyphosphate includes sodium pyrophosphate, trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or sodium hexametaphosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic nano particle is selected from one of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, manganese dioxide and aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic solvent is selected from one of acetone, ethyl acetate, N-methyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl acetamide or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is selected from one of polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyvinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The through-hole grid-shaped resin plate is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, PVC resin, acrylic resin and acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film is covered with fluoropolymer Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. PVDF membrane comprises vinylidene fluoride homopolymer, copolymer of vinylidene fluoride or other small amount of fluorine-containing vinyl monomers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic particle is silica. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the inorganic particle is 2-30 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. ion transfer material solid content.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precursor solution-B comprises inorganic particle precursor, acid catalyst solvent, and tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetramethyl orthosilicate, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, monophenyl triethoxysilane, polyethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(beta-aminoethyl)gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(beta-aminoethyl)gamma-aminopropyl methyl dimethoxy silane, gamma-ureidopropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3- isocyanatopropyl trimethoxy-silane. Preferred Process: The method further involves substituting the alkali metal with hydrogen for the film formation. The step of forming the mixed solution into the film is carried out by coating mixed solution on the material and heating. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode further comprises an electrolyte solution mixed with iron or iron compound, titanium or titanium compound, and silicon dioxide, or a dissolved solid comprising phosphoric acid compound, sulfide, aminocarboxylic acid system salt, phosphonate system salt, and gluconate. The electrolyte solution further comprises a surfactant, and a solvent comprising a compound chosen from peroxide, persulfate, perborate, sodium peroxide, nitrite and nitrate for maintaining the oxidation-reduction potential of electrolyte solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The eco magnesium air cell further comprises materials chosen from natural fiber, synthetic fiber, porous resin, reticulated resin and ceramic, which are arranged between negative electrode magnesium or its alloy and isolation membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal oxide is chosen from titanium oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, barium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide and indium-tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is diethylene glycol n-butyl ether acetate, butoxydiethylene glycol or terpineol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder is cellulose-based resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane-based resin, polystyrene-based resin, polyacrylic resin and polypropylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent further contains nonpolar solvent. Polar solvent is nitrile group-containing compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Coordination polymer in bulk state is prepared. In solution preparation process, coordination polymer in bulk state is dissolved in solvent containing polar solvent. After induction of self organization, coordination polymer on base material is heated. Preferred Components: Crosslinking ligand of coordination polymer contains ion of dithiocarboxylic acid derivative represented by formula (1) and ion of dithiocarbamic acid derivative of formula (2).R1-R3=optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon, optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, or optionally substituted heterocyclic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol containing low-molecular weight group is 89000-98000. Preferred Composition: The water-soluble polymer containing quaternary ammonium group is chlorinated-1H-imidazol-1-ethenyl-3-methyl and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer. Preferred Process: During preparation of basic anion-exchange composite film, potassium hydroxide solution having concentration of 1-6 mol/L, is used.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous silver solution comprises silver nitrate, silver sulfate or silver acetate. The sulfide ion solution is sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide. The molar concentration of aqueous silver solution is 0.001-0.5 mol/l. The molar concentration of aqueous sulfide ion solution is 0.001-0.5 mol/l. Indium salt is chosen from indium nitrate, indium sulfate and indium acetate. The molar concentration of indium salt in aqueous homogeneous solution is 0.001-0.1 mol/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Sulfur source is chosen from thioacetic acid, thiourea, sodium sulfide and mercaptopropionic acid. The molar concentration of sulfur source is 0.001-0.1 mol/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, or ethyl cellulose. The mass ratio of titanium dioxide nanopowder and binder is 0.5:1-10:1. Complexing agent is chosen from polyvinyl pyrrolidone, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citric acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid. The molar concentration of complexing agent is 0.004-1 mol/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The glass powder has softening point of 350-550 degrees C and particle size of 0.05-2 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coupling agent is NDZ-40-type titanate coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The degree of polymerization of polyvinyl chloride is 1100-1300.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass powder is lead-boron-silicon-zinc-titanium-aluminum-oxygen system glass powder comprising 50-70 mass% lead oxide, 2-5 mass% boron oxide, 20-30 mass% silicon dioxide, 1-5 mass% zinc oxide, 1-5 mass% titanium dioxide and 2-8 mass% aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive paste further comprises UV light initiator or light initiator, and a photosensitizer. The organic carrier is terpineol, pine oil , carbitol, ethyl cellulose, acrylic, nitrocellulose and/or stearate. The additive is thixotropic agents, penetrating agents, surface active agents, leveling agent, anti- foaming agents and/or coupling agent. The UV photoinitiator is benzophenone and/or acetophenone. The photosensitizer is camphorquinone, benzoin derivatives, acyl phosphine oxide, titanocene fluoride, diaryliodonium salts, triarylsulfonium salts and/or aryl ferrocenium salts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is fatty acid polyglycol ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer, fatty acid monoethanolamide, fatty acid diethanolamide, straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonate or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate. The stabilizer is ethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive agent is selected from conductive carbon black, conductive carbon fiber, conductive graphite, graphene microchip, graphene and carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer copolymer comprises carboxylic acid compound of formula (R-COOH), polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, acrylic acid ester copolymers, acrylic acid methacrylic acid ester copolymers, methyl vinyl ether copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid methyl vinyl ether copolymer. The water-based wetting agent is selected from modified silicone wetting agents, special acrylic lipid wetting or wetting agent. The pH adjusting agent is selected from ammonia, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, diethanolamine and N, N-dimethyl ethanol amine.R = carbon-carbon double bond-containing organic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxide particles further include atom(s) which substitute A-site of cubic crystal perovskite-type crystals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rotor blades are made from polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diluent is chosen from propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, butyl acetate and xylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The film is partially metallic. The film is made of material selected from a group consisting of iron, copper, gold, silver and manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of material selected from a group consisting of bioexcretable copolymer, polyester, polyanhydride, polyamide, poly ether, polyphosphoester, polyorthoester, poly-8-caprolactone and poly-ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method comprises dissolving the silicon through a heating of the bath, to a temperature of 45-90 degrees C, by an ultrasonic source and/or by a circulation of the solution or the bath, by a circulation pump with the filter unit. The deposition is supported by heating the bath, by a circulation of the solution or the bath, preferably by a circulation pump with filter unit. The deposition of electrically conductive support materials as anode and cathode, to stainless steel sheets, is carried out by a direct current flow through the electrolytic bath. The method further comprises removing a comprehensive framework of the photovoltaic module and/or solar module and/or peeling of a carrier layer. The peeling of carrier layer is carrier out by the cooling process, preferably by cooling to -15 degrees C or at a temperature of -40 degrees C to -50 degrees C or to -100 degrees C. Preferred Components: The carrier layer is provided for carrying the glass, silicon and/or metal conductors of the photovoltaic module and/or solar module, where the carrier layer comprises plastic or silicone. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbon-based thermal film comprises one or more of graphene, graphite, compressed exfoliated graphite, a graphitized polyimide, a graphite-based laminate, or a pyrolytic graphite sheet (PGS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anion exchange resin is hydrocarbon-type anion exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material is epoxy resin, ethylene vinyl acetate, cross-linked polymethane, polysilicon, polysiloxane or cross-linked polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of cyclobutane-based amine in the ether amine mixture is more than 10 wt.%, preferably 30-50 wt.%, with respect to total weight of the ether amine mixture. The initiator is cyclobutanediol or cyclobutanedione, preferably 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanedione and/or 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol. The alkylene oxide is propylene oxide or butylene oxide. The amount of alkylene oxide contacted with the initiator is 0.5-2 moles per mol of initiator. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=H, CH3, or C2H5;and    R3-R6=CH3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first element is copper. The second element is silver. The reagent solution comprises silver nitrate or silver ions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid comprises 0.05 M hydrochloric acid in a solvent. The acid is chosen from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, tartaric acid and citric acid. The solvent is chosen from water, organic solvent, ethanol, isopropanol, and terpineol. The dispersion comprises water, organic solvent, ethanol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and bile salts. Preferred Method: The method further involves mixing a dispersion including nanostructures comprising a first element and a reagent solution containing including a second element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises preparing polystyrene colloid crystal using colloidal crystal template method, preparing precursor solution, filling precursor solution into the template, calcining at high temperature and removing template. The preparation of polystyrene colloidal crystal comprises removing polymerization inhibitor from the styrene, respectively washing using same volume of sodium hydroxide (0.1-0.5 mol/1) and distilled water for 3-6 times until the pH of styrene is neutral, adding initiator, introducing nitrogen for 10-30 minutes and reacting at 50-90 degrees C under nitrogen protection. The preparation of the precursor solution comprises adding metal ion into ethylene glycol and citric acid, where the ratio of metal ion, ethylene glycol and citric acid is 1:2:4, adjusting pH to 5-7 using aqueous ammonia and stirring in water bath at 80 degrees C for 2-5 hours. The heating speed in calcining and removing template is 1 degrees C/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The polycondensation method comprises carrying out prepolycondensation at 270-284 degrees C and pressure of 1500-1600 Pa for 1.5-2 hours and carrying out polycondensation at 280-290 degrees C and pressure of less than 60 Pa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The titanium dioxide has grain diameter of 100-200 mu m. The carbonate is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or calcium carbonate. Preferred Component: The inert gas used in preparation is argon or xenon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thermal stabilizer is diphenyl thiourea, 2-phenyl-indole, trimethylolpropane and/or thiolauric anhydride. The phthalate is diisobutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate and/or diisononyl phthalate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The material (A) comprises 50 pts. wt. n-butyl acetate, 60 pts. wt. polyethylene terephthalate, 70 pts. wt. hexabromocyclododecane, 90 pts. wt. 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, 150 pts. wt. methyl ethyl ketone, 60 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, 40 pts. wt. maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene, 80 pts. wt. thermal stabilizer, 70 pts. wt. carbonate and 35 pts. wt. phthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antioxidant (a1) is antioxidant DNP. The antioxidant (a2) is antioxidant DLTP. The lubricant is barium stearate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic filler is white carbon black, kaolin or bentonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent (c) is acetone, butanone or toluene. The solvent (d) is acetone, toluene or xylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curing agent (a) is polyisocyanate curing agent. The curing agent (b) is polyamide curing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Solar energy battery back film comprises an outer layer, structure enhanced layer and a barrier layer, where the outer layer is made of composite material. The composite material comprises 55 pts. wt. graphite and 45 pts. wt. polyethylene terephthalate. The structure enhanced layer is made of material comprising 60 pts. wt. cyclohexanedimethanol and 45 pts. wt. a mixture of polyethylene glycol and naphthalene dicarboxylic acid. The barrier layer is made of a material comprising 50 pts. wt. polyethylene, 35 pts. wt. polyethylene naphthalate or polyethylene terephthalate and 42 pts. wt. graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of titanium oxide in coating layer (B) is 30-70 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating layer (B) further contains polyisocyanate compound and resin (b) having hydroxyl group. The resin (b) is acrylic resin (b1) having unsaturated double bond in side chain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic particle is silica. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the inorganic particle is 2-30 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. ion transfer material solid content.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precursor solution-B comprises inorganic particle, solvent and tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetramethyl orthosilicate, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, monophenyl triethoxysilane, polyethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(beta-aminoethyl)gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(beta-aminoethyl)gamma-aminopropyl methyl dimethoxy silane, gamma-ureidopropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3- isocyanatopropyl tri-methoxy-silane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, N-methylpyrolidone, isophorone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methyl isobutyl ketone, butylacetate, cyclohexane circle, diacetone alcohol, di-iso butyl ketone, ethylacetoacetate, butyrolactone, propylene carbonate or dimethylphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer particle is made of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluorife-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene copolymer, polyacrylonitrile and polymethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinyl silane-type copolymer is of formula (VI).R1=R'g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane compound is silane compound containing acryl group, methacryl group or epoxy group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The gel fraction of the base material layer is 30-85%. The density of polyethylene-type resin is 0.87-0.91 g/cm3. Preferred Composition: The polyethylene-type resin is metallocene-type linear low-density polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Coating composition comprises 80 pts. wt., preferably 84 pts. wt. perfluorinated ethyl ether, 10 pts. wt., preferably 13 pts. wt. methyl methacrylate, 4 pts. wt., preferably 7 pts. wt. dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, 5 pts. wt., preferably 7 pts. wt. titanium isopropoxide, 13 pts. wt., preferably 15 pts. wt. colloidal silicon dioxide, 5 pts. wt., preferably 8 pts. wt. dibenzoyl peroxide, 3 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. dibutyltin dilaurate, 7 pts. wt., preferably 9 pts. wt. acid, 3 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. flow flatting agent, 3 pts. wt., preferably 7 pts. wt. cobalt naphthenate liquid, 2 pts. wt., preferably 4 pts. wt. zirconium oxide, 4 pts. wt., preferably 7 pts. wt. 2-propanol, and 2 pts. wt., preferably 3 pts. wt. citric acid. Acid is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or undecylenic acid. Flow flatting agent is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass powder is lead-based glass powder or bismuth-based glass powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal ion (M) is chosen from lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of the aluminum powder is 1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dispersant is stearic acid, Span (RTM: fatty acid ester), lecithin, oileic acid or lauric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier is resin chosen from ethyl cellulose and phenolic resin dissolved in organic solvent chosen from terpineol, butylcarbitol, carbitol acetate, alcohol ester and dibasic ester. The aluminum paste further comprises 0.5-10 pts. wt. dispersant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid is 47 %mass and 98 %mass, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Concentration of ammonium fluorotitanate is 0.1-1 mol/L, and molar ratio boric acid:ammonium fluorotitanate is 5:1-1:2. Polymer template agent is polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene triblock polymer, or polystyrene-polyoxyethylene di-block polymer, and polymer template agent is 0.1-0.5 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The glass substrate is soda-lime silicate glass, borosilicate glass, phosphate glass, and alumino-silicate glass. The polymer substrate is polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The thin metal film is aluminum, titanium, tantalum and tin. The sealing substrate is teflon, coating of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and epoxy, silicone, and epoxy-silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of adhesive layer, primer layer and exterior coating layer is 18-22 mu m, 4.5-5.5 mu m and 20-26 mu m, respectively. Preferred Composition: The adhesive layer contains ethyl acetate. The primer layer further comprises curing agent containing isocyanate compound, amine compound, amide compound, melamine compound, oxazoline compound and aziridine compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primer layer contains color material chosen from polyolefin resin and carbon black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermosetting material contains styrene-butadiene rubber, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethyl pullulan, cyanoethyl polyvinyl alcohol, cyanoethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose and carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The needle-like pigment is titanium dioxide, zinc oxide or silver white.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating solution further contains solvent chosen from acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is fluorine-based resin containing vinyl fluoride polymerization unit, vinylidene fluoride polymerization unit, hexafluoropropylene polymerization unit and chlorotrifluoroethylene polymerization unit, and has melting point of 80-175 degrees C. Preferred Property: The white layer has thickness of 20 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): Bis-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-methanone is reacted with sultone in presence of inorganic base, to obtain carbonyl group-containing compound of formula (VI). Preferred Components: The metal complex is nickel complex or palladium complex. The metal complex is bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) or 2,2'-bipyridyl compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrolyte is a block copolymer which includes block including repeating unit (II), and block which does not contain an ion-exchange group in a principal chain, and has ion-exchange capacity of 0.5-4 meq/g. The block which does not contain the ion-exchange group is of formula: (((-Ar1-B1)c-Ar2-C1-((Ar3-B2)d-Ar4-C2)e)n-(Ar1-B1)f-Ar2)-. The portions other than the proton-acid group of polymer electrolyte contain crosslinked structure crosslinked by a crosslinking agent.Ar1-Ar4=bivalent aromatic groups;B1,B2=single bond or bivalent coupling group;C1,C2=oxygen atom or sulfur atom;c-f=0 or 1;andn=5 or more. EXAMPLE - 4.1 g 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dibromobenzophenone was added into 200 mL flask, and dissolved in 80 mL ethanol. 0.96 g sodium hydroxide was added, and stirred at 80 degrees C for 30 minutes. 2.86 g 1,3-propane sultone was added, and stirred at 80 degrees C for 20 hours. The mixture was precipitated and filtered. The filter cake was collected and collected solid was washed with water/ethanol solution, and dried under reduced pressure, to obtain disodium salt of 4,4'-sulfo propoxy-3,3'-dibromobenzophenone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coating comprises 6-9 pts. epoxy acrylate, 3-6 pts. polyurethane acrylate, 4-7 pts. benzophenone, 5-8 pts. 2-isopropyl thioxanthone, 4-9 pts. 2,4-dimethylbenzoate, 5-8 pts. 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 3-6 pts. ethyl silicate, 3-7 pts. fatty acid diethanolamine, 5-8 pts. tributyl phosphate, 3-7 pts. cellulose acetate butyrate, 4-8 pts. xylenol phosphate, 3-6 pts. dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, 5-9 pts. filler, 4-7 pts. pigment and 16-22 pts. deionized water. The epoxy acrylate is bisphenol A type epoxy acrylate. The pigment is zinc oxide, barium metaborate or barium sulfate. The filler is calcium carbonate, porcelain clay, mica powder or quartz powder. Preferred Method: In the step (i), the heating process is a programmed temperature for heating up 10 degrees C every half an hour. In the step (ii), the vacuum condition is 0.08-0.1 MPa. In the step (iii), the heat preservation is carried out under ammonia gas atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Antioxidant (II) is tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite (antioxidant TNP). The light stabilizer includes bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate (light stabilizer ZX-70).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is ethanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or dimethyl sulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The compatibilizing agent includes siloxane, ethylene-acrylic acid polymer, acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, esters of polyethylene oxide or aluminum. The pore-forming agent is polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone or lithium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coating comprises 40-60 pts. wt. polyvinylidene fluoride resin, 20-35 pts. wt. acrylic resin, 12-25 pts. wt. graphene, 16-40 pts. wt. tetrafluoroethylene resin, 30-45 pts. wt. polyisocyanate, 4-11 pts. wt. curing agent, 7-15 pts. wt. defoaming agent, 3-9 pts. wt. flatting agent and 45-60 pts. wt. ethylene glycol; or 55 pts. wt. polyvinylidene fluoride resin, 32 pts. wt. acrylic resin, 22 pts. wt. graphene, 35 pts. wt. tetrafluoroethylene resin, 40 pts. wt. polyisocyanate, 9 pts. wt. curing agent, 12 pts. wt. defoaming agent, 7 pts. wt. flatting agent and 55 pts. wt. ethylene glycol. Preferred Method: In the step (i), the stirring speed is 550 revolutions/minute, the temperature is 95 degrees C and the time is 38 minutes. In the step (ii), the stirring speed is 500 revolutions/minute, the temperature is 99 degrees C and the time is 36 minutes. In the step (iii), the solution obtained in the step (ii) is dropped into the solution obtained in the step (i) at the dropping speed of 2 drops/second for 40 minutes, the heating and stirring speed is 600 revolutions/minute and the temperature is 100 degrees C. In the step (iv), the reaction kettle temperature is 102 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particle size of the iron powder is 0.5-3 mu m. The organic acid salt is zinc naphthenate or zinc octoate. The pigment is aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, zinc phosphate or micaceous iron oxide. Preferred Method: The vacuum degree in the vacuum dehydration is 0.08-0.12 MPa. The vacuum dehydration time is 1-2 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The paint comprises 6-9 pts. wt. polyvinyl acetate resin, 3-7 pts. wt. thermosetting acrylic resin, 4-8 pts. wt. bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 5-10 pts. wt. ethyl 2,4-dimethylbenzoate, 4-9 pts. wt. silica sol, 5-9 pts. wt. iron powder, 3-8 pts. wt. tetraethoxysilane, 2-6 pts. wt. methyltriethoxysilane, 4-8 pts. wt. diethyltoluenediamine, 2-5 pts. wt. dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 4-8 pts. wt. boron nitride, 2-6 pts. wt. carbon black, 4-7 pts. wt. glass flake, 3-7 pts. wt. organic acid salt, 2-5 pts. wt. pigment, 5-9 pts. wt. dimethylbenzene, and 7-10 pts. wt. n-butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The particle size of calcium oxide is 20-50 mu m. Preferred Composition: Silicate is sodium metasilicate or sodium disilicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The stabilizer is diphenylthiourea, 2-phenylindole, trimethylolpropane and thiosulfate lauric anhydride. The surfactant is chosen from alkyl dimethyl betaine, alkyl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, alkyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine and alkyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorocarbon coating preferably comprises 60 pts. wt. europium trifluoroacetylacetone, 150 pts. wt. fluorocarbon resin, 180 pts. wt. sodium monofluorophosphate, 60 pts. wt. calcium oxide, 100 pts. wt. benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide, 80 pts. wt. methyl tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, 60 pts. wt. polyisobutylene, 30 pts. wt. silicate, 40 pts. wt. stabilizer and 50 pts. wt. surfactant. Preferred Property: The polyisobutylene has molecular weight of 2000-3000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heating step is carried out at 40-60 degrees C. The aging step is carried out for 48-72 hours. The stirring step is carried out at a speed of 600-800 rpm. Preferred Components: The aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid is present in an amount of 5-15 wt.%. The surface active agent is stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride or cetylpyridinium bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickening agent is polyurea. The cellulose is methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose and/or butyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The battery further has a positive electrode current collector made of conductive material chosen from nickel and stainless steel. The negative electrode is made of aluminum paste comprising 0.5% or less high-purity aluminum with purity of 99% or more, 0.0001-0.0003% magnesium, and 0.0001-0.0002% silicon. Preferred Property: The exchange capacity of the anion-exchange membrane is 0.5-3 meq/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode comprises catalyst, conductive agent and binder. The catalyst comprises acetylene black, manganese dioxide and polytetrafluoroethylene in mass ratio of 10:10:1. The conductive agent is carbon material. The binder is not soluble in the electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aluminum conductive paste comprises fine aluminum powder, coarse aluminum powder and inorganic glass powder. The inorganic glass powder comprises zinc oxide-boron trioxide system, bismuth(III) oxide-zinc oxide-boron trioxide system, bismuth(III) oxide-zinc oxide system, barium oxide-boron trioxide system, zinc oxide-barium oxide-boron trioxide system, lead oxide-boron trioxide system and lead oxide-zinc oxide-boron trioxide system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aluminum conductive paste comprises organic carrier, organic anti-warping substance, flatting agent, dispersing agent, defoaming agent, thixotropic agent, thickening agent and anti-precipitation agent. The organic anti-warping substance is chosen from silicone-based substance, tin type organic substance and lead type organic substance. The organic silicon type substance is chosen from methyl silicon oil, ethyl silicon oil, phenyl silicon oil, methyl phenyl silicon oil, chloro methyl phenyl silicon oil, methyl ethoxy silicon oil, methyl trifluoro propyl silicon oil, methyl vinyl silicone oil, methyl hydroxyl silicon oil and ethyl hydrogen containing silicon oil. The tin type organic substance is chosen from octyl capric di-methyl tin, dimethyl tin, dioctyl tetra phenyl tin and dibutyl tin. The organic lead-type substance is chosen from trimethyl lead, ethyl lead, tetra methyl lead and tetra ethyl lead. The organic carrier comprises 1-15 wt.% ethyl cellulose, 60-80 wt.% propylene glycol monobutyl ether and 10-30 wt.% viscosity regulator. The viscosity regulator is chosen from terpineol, turpentine oil, butyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, butyl acetate, tributyl citrate and tributyl phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive strips are electrically conductive metal strips, preferably electrically conductive copper strips. The electrically conductive strips comprise a terminal for connecting to a power source respectively, where the energy source is a voltage source or current source.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon fibers are greater than the carbon fiber nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mixture further comprises at least one electrically conductive polymer, at least one electrically non-conductive polymer and/or at least one aggregate. The heating layer has a constant thickness or a varying thickness. At least one primer layer and/or a layer made of leveling compound are applied between the support element and the electrically conductive strips. A protective layer, primer layer and/or layer made of leveling compound are applied on the heating layer of the heating device. Wall paint, wallpaper, tiles, wall panels and/or a plaster applied or glued on the heating layer or on top layer applied on the heating layer for wall as the support element. A floor covering, preferably a carpet, floor panels, parquet or a laminate is applied or glued on the heating layer or on top layer applied on the heating layer for floor as the support element. A protective layer and/or thermal insulation layer are provided on the heating layer or on top layer applied on the heating layer for component, preferably a pipeline as the support element. At least one layer is formed as infrared radiation or heat radiation-shielding layer containing glass beads and/or glitter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cathode and anode protection tapes are formed of the polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the structure of zigzag form is polymeric synthesis resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Device: In the polymer solar cell device, the n-type semiconductor material comprises at least one selected from: a nano carbon cluster, an n-type semiconductor polymer, and n-type semiconductor nanoparticles. The nano carbon cluster is PC61BM, PC71BM, or a combination. The material of the active layer further comprises: an addictive comprising at least one of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) and 1-chloronaphthalene (CN). The first electrode is a transparent electrode. The second electrode is made of at least one selected from aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), silver (Ag) and gold (Au). The polymer solar cell device further comprises a hole transporting layer deposited between the first electrode and the active layer. Preferred Definitions:A=a group of Formula (i), preferably isoindigo; where when both m and m' are 1, and p is 2, the polymer is represented by Formula (2); and when both m and m' are 2, and p is 1, the polymer is represented by Formula (3); and when both m and m' are 2, and p is 2, the polymer is represented by Formula (4).    Rb1 and Rb2=H; and    Ra'=identical to Rc, preferably both Ra' and Rc are 1-30C alkyl.    Rb'=H; and    Ra1, Ra2, Rc1 and Rc2=identical, preferably 1-30C alkyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating material preferably comprises 78 pts. wt. polytetrafluoroethylene, 14 pts. wt. hydroxyethyl acrylate, 16 pts. wt. hexafluorobutyl methacrylate, 10 pts. wt. methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, 9 pts. wt. neopentyl glycol monoacrylate, 8 pts. wt. benzoyl peroxide, 7 pts. wt. N-methylmorpholine, 5 pts. wt. diethylamine diamine, 5 pts. wt. polydimethylsiloxane, 5 pts. wt. acid, 4 pts. wt. leveling agent, 6 pts. wt. KH560 (RTM: silane coupling agent) and 3 pts. wt. poly(3-methylthiophene). Acid is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or undecylenic acid. The leveling agent is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tungsten trioxide material further comprises aqueous electrolyte, preferably vitriol, a metal material comprising metals chosen from lead, chromium, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, silver, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, iridium, gold and its alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solid oxide fuel cell is made up of carbon black, starch and graphite. The sintering of the piled portion of green sheet is formed of hydrogen and argon (Ar).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first and second slurry is made up of stainless steel powder, nickel (ni) powder, nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) alloy power, carbon-nickel (Co-Ni) alloy power.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The SOFC is made up of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coating comprises 50 pts. wt. methyl phenyl silicone oil, 15 pts. wt. ethyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil, 75 pts. wt. silver, 120 pts. wt. copper powder, 10 pts. wt. methyloxirane and 0.1 pts. wt. catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The monomeric unit of polymer block (A) contains linear 6-18C alkyl group or linear 6-18C alkoxy group. The monomeric unit of polymer block (B) contains branched or cyclic alkyl group, branched or cyclic alkoxy group, or 3-18C heteroaryl group. The random copolymer contains condensed heterocyclic skeleton of a single monomeric unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Component (C) is polycarboxylic acid. Component (D) is tert. alcohol with 4-15 carbon atoms. Coating agent composition contains 1-10000 mass parts of component (B), 0.1-300 mass parts of component (C), and 1-2000 mass parts of component (D).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Component (A) is polyvinyl alcohol (derivative). Component (A) is polymer containing silyl group. Coating agent composition contains 100 mass parts of component (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorus in the phosphorus-containing copper alloy is 6-8 %mass. The paste composition further contains silver particles. The tin-containing particles are tin-alloy particles. The content of tin-containing particles is 5-70 %mass with respect to 100 %mass total content of the phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles and tin-containing particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation film is made of mica, alumina, polyimide thin film, polypropylene film, polyethylene film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polycarbonate film, cellulose ester film, cellulose ether film, fluoride film, polystyrene film, polystyrene for thin film or PVC film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The seal gasket is fixed with a negative electrode plate and a positive electrode plate that are made of steel or aluminum alloy material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The seal gaskets are made of silicon film, PTFE or PVC material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The transition metal oxide particle comprises transition metals chosen from titanium, copper, chromium, zirconium, zinc, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, rutherfordium, dubnium, seaborgium, bohrium, hassium, meitnerium, darmstadtium, roentgenium, copernicium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, yttrium and scandium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte-containing solution comprises an organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is chosen from polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, poly (butyl methacrylate), polyvinylidene fluoride, poly(vinylidenefluoride-hexafluoropropylene), polyethylene oxide and/or polyphenyleneoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dye adsorption layer includes metal oxide nanostructure absorbed with the dye. The metal oxide is selected from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tungsten trioxide, niobium (V) oxide, aluminum oxide or their mixture. The metal oxide nanostructure is titanium (II) oxide nanowire. The electrolyte is selected from liquid electrolyte, ionic liquid electrolyte, ion gel electrolyte, polyelectrolyte or their combination.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dye adsorption layer includes polycyclic quinone-based pigment, anthraquinone pigment, complex compound including chlorophyll, crypto cyanine, xanthene pigment, cyanine pigment, thiosine, methylene blue, basic dye, ruthenium tris bipyridyl, phthalocyanine, azo dye, zinc porphyrin, porphyrin-based compound including magnesium porphyrin, ruthenium complex, rhodamine B, rose bengal, eosin, erythrosine or their mixture. The catalyst is selected from platinum, carbon, graphite, carbon nanotube, carbon black or their combination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The electrical power collector has a conductive resin layer which consists of resin which has electroconductivity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode active material is metal oxide. The electroconductive material (a) is a carbon material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The gel-forming polymer is polyurethane resin obtained by reacting polyethylene glycol and an isocyanate compound. The electrolyte layer contains liquid electrolyte, polymer gel electrolyte, or ion liquid electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Layers: The perovskite-based thin film solar cell further comprises a transparent substrate, a conductive layer, a dense layer of semiconductor material, porous scaffold layer and semiconductor light-absorbing layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor light-absorbing layer includes organic semiconductor material of lead iodide methylamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of graphyne dispersed in the polymer is 0.1-5 %mass, preferably 3-5 %mass. The polymer is polythiophene, ethylene-based polyparaphenylene, polysilane or polyaromatic amine, preferably poly(3-hexyl)thiophene and/or polytriphenylamine. Preferred Property: The polymer has molecular weight of 3000-200000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent includes water, aliphatic alcohol, aliphatic ketone, aliphatic carboxylic acid ester, aliphatic carboxylic acid amide, aromatic hydrocarbon, aliphatic hydrocarbon, acetonitrile and/or aliphatic sulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The composition comprises 70-98 wt.% PEDOT/PSS, 2-30 wt.% fluorinated polymer, preferably 5-10 wt.% 5 to 10wt% and remaining amount of solvent. The weight ratio of PEDOT/PSS and fluorinated polymer is 95:5. The fluorinated polymer includes polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, fluorinated polystyrene and/or their copolymer. The composition further comprises binder, leveling agent or additive. The surface resistance of the electrode is 100-120 g Omega /square. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The initiator is chosen from hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, cumene hydroperoxide, dicumene hydroperoxide and methyl propyl benzene hydrogen peroxide. The emulsifier is chosen from sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, hydroxy alkyl sulfonate, polyacrylamide and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. The organic solvent is ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl ester and/or xylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium source is lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide, and/or lithium nitrate. The iron source is ferric nitrate. The composite additive comprises citric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate and/or sodium dihydrogen phosphate. The other doping element is lithium, magnesium, chromium, aluminum, cobalt, nickel, manganese, zinc, copper, lanthanum, and/or calcium. The surface of doped product is coated with carbon or metal oxide, sulfide, phosphide, fluoride and chloride. The inert or reducing atmosphere is nitrogen, argon, carbon monoxide, and/or carbon dioxide. Preferred Method: The calcining is performed at 600-700 degrees C for 4-12 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic material is sucrose, starch, polyol condensate, and/or organic acid. The liquid dispersant is water, ethanol, isopropanol, and/or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Mass ratio of carbon nanotube and graphene is 1:0-0.5. Preferred Parameter: Mass density of solar energy fuel is 10-2000 mg/cm3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Elastic gel sheet is sponge or velvet cloth. Photoisomer compound grafted wall carbon nanotube has 2 stable structures with molecular energy of greater than or equal to 20 kJ/mol in which low molecular level structure absorbs sunlight to convert energy level of polymer structure and storing absorbed solar energy, molecular structure with high thermal energy level, light, electricity, catalyst triggered, or under natural relaxation discharges stored energy to return to low energy level molecular structure, and amount of photoisomer is 10-98% of the amount of solar energy fuel. Preferred Parameters: Elastic gel sheet has thickness of 0.2-20 mm. Photoisomer compound grafted wall carbon nanotube has porosity of 10 nm to 10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of cadmium selenide quantum dot nanocrystals in quantum dot nanocrystals dispersion layer is 1-15 %mass. Preferred Property: The thickness of nanocrystals quantum dot film is 1-200 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nanocrystals quantum dot film further comprises matrix polymer layer containing polymer matrix. The matrix polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises reacting N-substituted 2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-4H-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)pyrrole derivative of formula (II) and N-substituted 4,7-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluoro-2H-benzotriazole derivative of formula (III) under anaerobic environment and carrying out Stille coupling reaction in an organic solvent containing a catalyst at 70-130 degrees C for 70-130 hours, lowering the temperature after termination of the polymerization reaction, and separating the pure reaction solution to obtain (I). Preferred Method: The stille coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120?0C for 24-48 hours. The method further comprises separating and purifying the reaction solution, precipitating by adding methanol to the terminated reaction, extracting the precipitate by Soxhlet extractor with methanol and n-hexane, extracting using chloroform, collecting the chloroform solution, spin drying to powder, and vacuum drying at 50 degrees C after 24 hours. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of (II) and (III) is 1:1-1.2. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium. The molar ratio of catalyst and (II) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of catalyst palladium acetate and tri-o-tolylphosphine or tris (dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy biphenyl is 1:4-8. The molar ratio of catalyst and (I) is 1:20-1:100. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: Energy source is sunlight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric binder is made of silicone or epoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or undecylenic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The leveling agent is propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acid is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or undecylenic acid. Leveling agent is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The alkoxides used are mixtures of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and methyl triethoxysilane (MTES) with molar ratio of 1:5. The organic polymer used is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with molecular weight (MW) of 10000-360000 atomic mass unit (amu). Preferred Components: Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is used as catalyst for acid hydrolysis of the alkoxides. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The noble metal/non-noble metal alloy is platinum-cobalt. The alloy is supported on a carbon support.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The fluorophosphonic acid compound is 2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl phosphonic acid. The phosphonic acid groups of the fluorophosphonic acid compound are covalently bonded to the surface oxygen on the metal alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The encapsulant is selected from duroplast e.g. EVA, thermoplastic silicone elastomer, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyfin elastomer and lonomer, thermoplasts e.g. PVB, silicon and polyolefin, crosslinking material, two-component encapsulant, adhesive, resin and acrylic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Curable composition further contains UV absorber, preferably 5-15 g/m2 inorganic pigment, e.g. titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) or zinc oxide (ZnO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Curable composition contains 10-30 wt.% monofunctional methacrylate monomer and 20-40 wt.% difunctional methacrylate. Monofunctional methacrylate is tetrahydrofurfurylmethacrylate, phenoxyethylmethacrylate, ethoxyethoxymethacrylate, and/or isobornylmethacrylate. Difunctional methacrylate is propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate. Curable composition further contains oligomer, e.g. aromatic polyurethane acrylates, aliphatic urethane acrylates, and/or aromatic epoxy acrylates. Support is surface-treated on the side where the weather-resistant layer is applied. A primer is applied on the side of the support facing the encapsulant layer. Preferred Process: Curing is carried out by UV radiation or electron beam radiation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - A heating bar is made of iron material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nanoparticles are selected from platinum, gold, silver, copper or palladium. The reducing agent is alkali metal borohydride, alkaline earth metal borohydride, hydrazine or citric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conducting polymer is selected from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(4-styrenesulfonate), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(4-styrene sulfonate), polyglycol(glycerol), polyaniline, poly(4-styrene sulfonate), polyaniline, camphor sulfonic acid, diauxy thiophene derivatives or polyanylines. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (I) comprises 0.05-5 wt.% silyl components and 85-95 wt.% siloxane. The copolymer exhibits a softening point of 100-180 degrees C. The weight average molecular weight of (I) is 50000-500000 g/mole. The tear strength of the thermoplastic copolymers is at least 3 N/mm2. Preferred Definitions:    R3 = ethoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator is hydrogen peroxide. The pH adjusting agent is hydrochloric acid, and/or aqueous ammonia. The solid content of aluminum sol is 15-35%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyol is polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, diethylene glycol di, neopentyl glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, pentaerythritol, and/or 1,3-butanediol. The cellulose is hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and/or carboxymethyl cellulose. The surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate. Preferred Method: Stirring is carried out at speed of 700-1000 revolutions/minute. Heating is carried out at 70-90 degrees C for 2-4 hours. Cooling is carried out at 30-50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Glue comprises 14-18 pts. wt. tetraglycidyl epoxy resin, 7-9 pts. wt. epoxy resin, 4-6 pts. wt. silica, 3-5 pts. wt. talc, 5-7 pts. wt. butyl acrylate, 3-5 pts. wt. vinylpyrrolidone, 5-7 pts. wt. benzoin isopropyl ether, 3-5 pts. wt. phosphate, 5-7 pts. wt. sorbitan trioleate, 4-7 pts. wt. boron nitride, 1.2-1.6 pts. wt. ammonium persulfate and 2-4 pts. wt. cyclohexyl maleimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Solar energy battery comprises substrate layer and adhesive layer, where adhesive layer comprises 50 pts. wt. benzoyl peroxide, 60 pts. wt. acrylic acid, 30 pts. wt. tetrahydrofuran, 40 pts. wt. amino resins, 50 pts. wt. polyol esters of fatty acids, 110 pts. wt. zinc oxide, 60 pts. wt. ethyl cellulose and 40 pts. wt. tetrafluoroborate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Solvent is selected from acetone or butanol. Curing agent is isocyanate curing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyimide sheet is adhered to part where modified layer is formed through epoxy resin adhesive in which peel strength of sheet is greater than or equal to 1 N/cm. Display panel comprises transparent sheet containing surface which discharges light permeated by liquid crystal or reflected by electrophoretic element in which transparent sheet is fluororesin base material. Display panel comprises thin film transistor (TFT) circuit board containing thin field effect transistor which controls light emitting layer, liquid crystal, or electrophoretic element, and transparent sheet which covers light emitting layer, liquid crystal, or electrophoretic element in which support base material and transparent sheet of TFT circuit board are fluororesin base materials. Preferred Parameters: Modified layer has etching tolerance with respect to etching liquid which contains iron chloride and has specific gravity of 1.31-1.33 g/cm3 and free hydrochloric acid concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol/L in which etching tolerance is measured by immersion in etching liquid at less than or equal to 45 degrees C for less than or equal to 2 minutes. Average surface roughness Ra of modified layer is less than or equal to 4 mu m. Average thickness of modified layer is less than or equal to 400 nm. Water vapor permeation rate of fluororesin base material with thickness of 25 mu m is less than or equal to 0.1 g/m2.24 hours at temperature of 25 degrees C and relative humidity of 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hardening acceleration catalyst (f) is zinc stearate. The hardening rate of adhesive agent is 70% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The base material side contact bonding layer is formed by hardening base material side adhesive agent which is a step-curable adhesive by heating. The wiring side-contact bonding layer is formed by hardening the wiring side adhesive agent which is a step-curable adhesive by heating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The encapsulants are made of a material i.e. selected from ethylene vinyl acetate, polyolefin, inomer, silicone resin or polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte membrane is a lithium ion conductive glass and/or lithium ion conductive crystal (ceramic or glass-ceramic), and contains polymer solid electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components The cathode comprises a porous carbon material, conductive material and oxygen oxidation/reduction catalyst. The anode comprises a lithium metal, a lithium metal based alloy, and a lithium intercalation compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium salt is chosen from 13 compounds e.g. lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroboarate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate and lithium perchorate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte is a lithium ion conductive liquid electrolyte or lithium ion conductive polymer electrolyte. The lithium ion conductive liquid electrolyte comprises a lithium salt and an aqueous solvent or a nonaqueous solvent. The non-aqueous solvent is chosen from carbonate solvent, ester solvent, ether solvent, ketone solvent, amine solvent, nitrile solvent, amide solvent and sulfone solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The lithium ion conductive polymer electrolyte comprises a lithium salt and a lithium ion conductive polymer. The lithium ion conductive polymer is chosen from polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidenefluoride, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate and cellulose resin. The content of additive is 0.1-50 wt.% based on the total amount of the electrolyte. The electrolyte further comprises ionic liquid comprising inorganic filler. Preferred Definitions:    ring A, ring B'=group chosen from 45 groups e.g. benzyl, pentacenyl, indenyl, naphthalenyl or azulenyl (all optionally substituted).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Inorganic barrier layer (3) is inorganic oxide film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The granular hydroscopic agent comprises crosslinked material of monovalent metal salt of poly(meth)acrylic acid. The organic layer is a resin layer having glass-transition point of 60 degrees C or more. The organic layer is formed using polyester resin, cycloolefin-type resin, (meth)acrylic resin, and halogen-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): The heterocyclic compound (I) is obtained by synthesizing monomer having functional group for polymerization reaction, dissolving the monomer in organic solvent, and polymerizing the resultant product using aryl coupling reaction in presence of alkali, catalyst and ligand. Preferred Properties: The heterocyclic compound (I) has light absorption terminal wavelength of 700 nm or more, and weight average molecular weight based on polystyrene conversion of 3000-10000000. EXAMPLE - 4',11'-Dimethyl-8'-oxa-3',12'-dithiaspiro(cyclotridecane-1,7'-tricyclo(7.3.0.02,6)dodecane)-1'(9'),2'(6'),4',10'-tetraene and 1,3-dibromo-6,7-dihexyl-4H,9H-naphtho(2,3-c)thiophene-4,9-dione were prepared, the resultant product was provided into a reactor containing argon and dehydrated toluene, tris(2-tolyl)phosphine was added, the resultant product was reacted into homogeneous solution, tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium was added to the solution, stirred at 105 degrees C for 3 hours, phenyl bromide was added, stirred, cooled, the resultant product was poured into mixed solution of methanol and concentrated hydrochloric acid, the obtained polymer was filtered and recovered, the resultant product was washed using Soxhlet extractor with methanol, acetone and hexane, the resultant product was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and water, stirred, organic layer was washed by water and aqueous solution of acetic acid, then the resultant product was washed with water, the obtained solution was poured into methanol, the resultant product was filtered, dried and purified to obtain polymer compound of formula (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dimer polyol is dimer diol and/or trimer triol. The ratio of the structural unit (A) contained in the polyurethane-type resin is 50-98 %mass. The polyurethane-type resin further contains structural unit (B) derived from polyamine, structural unit (C) derived from short-chained diol having carboxyl group, and structural unit (D) derived from polyolefin polyol. The polyamine is dimer diamine. The ratio of sum total of structural units (A and B) derived in the polyurethane-type resin is 50-98 %mass. The polyurethane-type resin composition further contains 1000 parts mass or less acid-modified polyolefin resin with respect to 100 parts mass polyurethane-type resin, and at least 1 type of crosslinking agent chosen from isocyanate crosslinking agent, block isocyanate adhesive agent, carbodiimide crosslinking agent, oxazoline crosslinking agent, epoxy crosslinking agent, aziridine crosslinking agent, silane coupling agent, and titanium coupling agent. The binder composition of the design layer and protective layer of the lithium ion battery exterior unit contains polyurethane-type resin composition, inorganic filler, organic filler and coloring agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal foil is copper foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The anticorrosive paint further comprises 11 pts. wt. filler, 4 pts. wt. graphite powder, 2 pts. wt. aluminum powder and 9 pts. wt. pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or undecylenic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The particle size of borosilicate glass powder is 300-500 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The particle size of alumina and zinc oxide is 100-200 mu m and 100-200 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: The method further involves determining the hardness of the water used for diluting the concentrate and adjusting a ratio of the concentrate to the water for diluting the concentrate. Preferred Composition: The material of the surface of the solar panel comprises glass or transparent polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water is municipal water or fresh water, and has water hardness of 5 ppm or more and conductivity of 15 mu mS/cm or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sequestering agent is 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid or its salt, or inositol hexakisphosphate or its salt. The ratio of concentrate to the water for diluting the concentrate produces a rinsing fluid having 90% or more calcium, magnesium and/or other multivalent cations contained in the water bound to the sequestering agent(s). The ratio of the concentrate to the water for diluting the concentrate produces a rinsing fluid comprising an excess of free sequestering agent not bound to calcium, magnesium and/or other multi-valent cations contained in the water. The ratio of the concentrate to the water for diluting the concentrate produces a rinsing fluid containing no water insoluble salts. The concentrate is essentially free of surfactants. The rinsing fluid consists of sequestering agent, water, and optionally pH-modifying base. The ratio of content of concentrate to water for diluting the concentrate is more than 1:20 to 1 or more:10000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass powder further comprises 5-20 wt.% bismuth oxide, 0-10 wt.% boron oxide, 0-10 wt.% zinc oxide, 0-10 wt.% alumina, 0-20 wt.% silica and 0-10 wt.% antimony oxide. The glass powder comprises 30-65 wt.% tellurium oxide, 25-40 wt.% lead oxide, and 10-35 wt.% lanthanum oxide. The electroconductive silver slurry contains 80-90 wt.% silver powder, 5-15 wt. organic carrier and 0.5-8 wt.% glass powder. The glass powder comprises vitreous glass powder having average particle size of 0.5-2 mu m. The silver slurry has fineness of less than 15 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The silver powder has purity of 99.9-99.999% and average particle size of 0.5-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier includes hexyl cellulose-based resin, rosin resin, fermented resin, terpineol, turpentine oil, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, carbitol, acetate-hexane diol vinegar, plasticizer and/or surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The particle size of nano silica is 5-20 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coupling agent is titanate coupling agent NDZ-201.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nano silicon-modified polyvinylidene fluoride solar cell backsheet material comprises 45 parts mass polyvinylidene fluoride, 16 parts mass polystyrene sulfonic acid, 10 parts mass polyacrylonitrile, 7 parts mass nano silica, 3.5 parts mass dimethylsiloxane oligomer, 3.5 parts mass maleic acid, 3 parts mass coupling agent, 6.5 parts mass titania, 0.45 part mass calcium carbonate, 0.5 part mass sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 0.22 part mass octyl phthalate and 4 parts mass epoxidized soybean oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is polyvinyl butyral. Preferred Process: The electrolytic reaction is carried out with green sheet which is hanged on iron-chromium-aluminum wire as cathode, and iron-chromium-aluminum wire is wrapped.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyolefin is selected from ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butene copolymer or ethylene-octene copolymer. Crosslinking agent is an organic peroxide crosslinking agent, 1,1,-di-(tert.-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert.-butylperoxy)hexane, dicumyl peroxide or bis(tert.-butyldioxyisopropyl)benzene. Coupling agent is silane coupling agent, vinyl silicon or glycidol ether. Anti-aging agent is selected from light stabilizers or antioxidants.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The third elastic electrode column comprises electric conduction silicon glue or electric conduction rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The end cover is provided with a cover body that is made of electric conduction rubber and electric conduction silicon glue material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The cover glazing is made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The porous metal absorber plate is made of open-celled foamed metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cover glazing is made of transparent or semi-transparent plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thermal-exchange tube is made of aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive is acrylate epoxy adhesive. The thermal-exchange tube is made of polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: An additive comprising a metal is also used in solid electrolyte-lithium ion conductivity polymer composite film. The metal is selected from aluminum, copper, tantalum, niobium, germanium or yttrium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The lithium ion conductor polymer is polyethylene oxide or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The encapsulation layer forms ethyl vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The epoxy resin hardener is acid anhydride mold-curing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The liquid aromatic epoxy resin is bisphenol-A epoxy resin, which is liquid at room temperature. The rubber-modified epoxy resin is obtained by mixing 20-300 parts mass liquid bisphenol F-type epoxy resins and/or 30-150 parts mass of tertiary glycidyl carboxylate. Preferred Properties: The epoxy resin composition has viscosity of 2000 mPa.second or less at 25 degrees C and curing temperature of 100 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The rotor and stator assembly are made up of materials including aluminum, wood, fiber, polymer, plastic, iron or any other material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Betaine is selected from alkyl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine or alkyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine. Coupling agent is selected from titanate coupling agent or silane coupling agent. Inorganic pigment is selected from calcium carbonate or calcium magnesium silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electrolyte solution is diethyl methyl methoxy ethyl ammonium bis (trifluoromethane) sulfonimide salt solution of ethyl magnesium bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Network polymer has 2-1000 unit (A). Cyclic unit (II) is a unit of formula (III), preferably unit of formula (IV). Linear unit (I) is unit of formula (=C-R1-N+(H2)-R2-N+(H2)-R3-C=) 2Z-.R6,R7=optionally substituted 1-15C bivalent hydrocarbon which may have -O- in which dotted line part is bonding with 3rd-position or 4th-position of benzene ring; andn3,n4=1-14.Preferred Process: Electrophilic agent reacts with a product. Linear unit (I) is converted into unit (I').
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Electrically Conductive Film: The resin substrate contains a thermosetting resin, where the thermosetting resin contains an epoxy resin. The fibrous electrically conductive filler contains carbon nanotubes, carbon nanobuds, metal nanowires and their combination. The fibrous electrically conductive filler has a fiber length of 1 mu m or higher and an aspect ratio (length/diameter) of 50 or higher. The thickness of the electrically conductive layer is 1 mu m or less. A part of or all of the electrically conductive layer is embedded in the resin substrate that is able to undergo elastic deformation. The surface of the resin substrate has an ultrafine concave-convex structure having an Ra value of not lower than 50 nanometers and not higher than 5 mu m. A total light transmittance is 70% or higher. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer is selected from any one of one gold, silver, copper, aluminum and combinations of metals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The conductive substrate is formed using stainless steel, carbon steel, iron-nickel alloy, iron-chromium-based alloy, iron-copper alloy, aluminum-based metal, titanium-based metal, polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymerization amount of vinylidene fluoride contained in block copolymer is more than the copolymerization amount of hexafluoropropylene. The homopolymer preferably includes vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, monomethyl maleate, trifluoroethylene and/or chlorotrifluoroethylene. The copolymer preferably includes vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, monomethyl maleate, trifluoroethylene and/or chlorotrifluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The light-receiving surface side protection component is a glass plate, and the back surface side protection component is a thermoplastic resin film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material sheets contain ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as crosslinkable resin and 0.1-1.2 part mass organic peroxide with respect to 100 parts mass crosslinkable resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The layer of convertible adhesive includes layer (l1) of convertible pressure sensitive adhesive and layer (l2) of convertible pressure sensitive adhesive. The foamed substrate is provided between layers (l1,l2). The convertible pressure sensitive adhesive of layer (l1) is compositionally different/same than/as the convertible pressure sensitive adhesive of the layer (l2). Preferred Process: The convertible adhesive can be converted to structural adhesive upon exposure to radiation. The substrate layer is transparent and allows transmission of UV light to pass through to the adhesive layer to convert the adhesive layer to structural adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous medium is water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The core is coated with stabilizer. The monomeric units of non-cross-linked organic (pi)-conjugated polymer is chosen from 37 monomeric units e.g. monomeric units of formulae (I)-(V).R,R1,R2=H or 1-30C hydrocarbyl optionally comprising heteroatom chosen from N, O, Si, S and P;M=Ir, Pt, Rh, Re, Ru, Os, Cr, Cu, Pd, or Au;andL=R (excluding H) or halide.Preferred Process: The nanoparticles are obtained by Stille or Suzuki polymerization reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The cellulose containing biomass is soft biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is transparent glass or flexible polymer film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nanofibrilar or nanogranular layer is formed using mixture containing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and surfactant/sodium nitrite solution. The surfactant is anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, or nonionic-type surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device is provided with an insulating material that is made of plastic material such as PE and/or composite material such as paper and/or glass fibers with phenol formaldehyde synthetic resin and/or epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous film comprises polypropylene as a main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyurethane-based resin composition further comprises crosslinking agent chosen from isocyanate crosslinking agent, block isocyanate adhesive agent, carbodiimide crosslinking agent, oxazoline crosslinking agent, epoxy crosslinking agent, aziridine crosslinking agent, silane coupling agent and titanium coupling agent. The protective layer of lithium-ion battery further comprises organic filler, inorganic filler and/or coloring agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of structural unit (A) in polyurethane-based resin is 50-98 %mass. The polyurethane-based resin further comprises structural unit (B) derived from polyamine, preferably dimer diamine, structural unit (C) derived from short-chained diol containing carboxy group, and structural unit (D) derived from dimer polyol. The polyurethane-based resin composition further comprises 1000 parts mass or less acid-modified polyolefin resin with respect to 100 parts mass polyurethane-based resin. Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of polyurethane-based resin is 2000-200000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Silicon-containing compound contains silicon-containing functional group whose hydrogen atoms may be substituted by inorganic acid, organic acid, acid amide, and/or amine, preferably inorganic acid, carboxylic acid, and/or amide phosphate containing boron or phosphorus. Additive is phosphoric acid compound, reducible phosphorus compound, fluorine-substituted alkyl ether, fluorine-containing amide, fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon, fluorine-containing ester, fluorine-containing carbonate, fluorine-containing polymer, and/or phosphazene compound. Additive has a fluorine atom in an amount which satisfies equation (NF)/(NF+NH) greater than or equal to 0.5 (1), where NF is the number of fluorine atoms which the additive has per one molecule, and NH is the number of hydrogen atoms which the additive has per one molecule. Positive electrode active material is a lithium-containing compound which has spinel structure or layered structure. Negative electrode active material is metallic lithium, carbon material, silicon material, and/or material containing lithium and element in which alloy formation is possible. Preferred Parameter: The battery has upper limit voltage of charge of greater than or equal to 4.3 V.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of the polyolefin resin is 50000-500000. Preferred Process: The polyolefin resin is obtained by acid-modifying copolymer obtained from 1-butene and another olefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The gram absorbancy index of the absorption maximum wavelength (b) is 50 or more. The gram absorbancy index of the absorption maximum wavelength (b) and absorption maximum wavelength (a) is 1.1-5. Preferred Composition: The conjugated polymer contains pyrrole-type repeating unit of formula (I).A=atom chosen from group 16 element in periodic table;Q= atom chosen from group 14 element in periodic table;andR1,R2,R3=hydrocarbyl optionally having hetero atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphoric acid alkali metal salt is sodium dihydrogen phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: 0.20-0.62 Mol/ton antimony trioxide and antimony trioxide as catalyst and 1-4 mol/ton manganese acetate and manganese acetate as cocatalyst with respect to the polyester resin composition, are further used in the polycondensation reaction. Preferred Composition: The usage amount of phosphoric acid alkali metal salt is 0.65-3.27 mol/ton.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains hydroxyl group-containing polycarbonate resin (D) having number average molecular weight of 500-3000. The mass ratio of number of moles of isocyanate groups contained in polyisocyanate compound (C) with respect to total number of moles of hydroxyl groups contained in hydroxyl group-containing epoxy resin (A) and polyester polyol (B) is 1/2-2/1. The mass ratio of number of moles of isocyanate groups contained in polyisocyanate compound (C), with respect to total number of moles of hydroxyl groups contained in hydroxyl group-containing epoxy resin (A), hydroxyl group-containing polycarbonate resin (D) and polyester polyol (B) is 1/2-2/1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal substrate is equipped with metal plate material which consists of aluminum or aluminum alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material arranged between the photovoltaic cell and wiring board is polyolefin type resin such as linear low-density polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing material sheet comprises a multilayer sheet which is three-layered structure in which the outermost layer is laminated on both surfaces of the intermediate layer. The outermost layer of the sealing material sheet is closely adhered with the glass surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive copolymer resin is copolymer formed by copolymerizing ( alpha )-olefin and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound as a comonomer. The gel fraction of the intermediate layer and the outermost layer is 0%. The gel fraction of the sealing material layer of the solar cell module is 20-80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The melt flow rate of the intermediate layer is 0.1-4 g/10 minutes. The melt flow rate of the intermediate layer is more than 100%. The melt flow rate of the outermost layer is 800% or less. The sealing material composition of the intermediate layer and/or outermost layer further contain 0.02-0.5 %mass crosslinking agent and silane-modified polyethylene-type resin formed by graft-polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated silane compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive copolymer resin is silane-modified polyethylene-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of crosslinking adjuvant in sealing material composition of intermediate layer is 0.2-1 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The storage elastic modulus of intermediate layer after crosslinking process is (7x 105)-(5x 107) Pa or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester-based resin base material is polyethylene terephthalate resin, in which pre-hydrolysis processing-proof is not performed. The base material does not contain compound or polymer containing carbodiimide group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The frame arranged on peripheral edge of main portion is made of silicon glue and butyl rubber. The first packaging layer and second packaging layer are made of liquid silicon glue layer and polyolefin layer. An end seal block is made of butyl rubber and polyisobutylene rubber. A reflective coating layer is made of white organic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Polymer containing vinylidene fluoride is vinylidene fluoride homopolymers and fluoride copolymers of vinylidene and at least another fluorinated monomer. Acrylic polymer is methyl methacrylate homopolymer or copolymer containing at least 50% methyl methacrylate and at least another copolymerisable monomer with methyl methacrylate from methacrylate, acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene and isoprene. The mass ratio of polymer containing vinylidene fluoride is 60-90%, preferably 60-80%. The UV absorber is benzophenones, benzotriazoles, triazines, cyanoacrylates and oxalanilides: 1,3-bis -((2'-cyano-3',3'-diphenylacryloyl) oxy)-2,2-bis -(((2'-cyano-3',3'-diphenylacryloyl) oxy) methyl)propane, 2,2'-methylene-bis(6-(2H-benzotriaiol-2-yl)-4-(l, 1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)), 2-(4,6-Bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-(octyloxy) phenol, and poly-4-(2-acryloxyethoxy)-2-hydroxy'benzophenone. The thickness of film is 5-500 microns. The film has thickness of 10-500 microns. Preferred Method: The method of manufacturing single-layer film by extruding flat. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic material contains magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide and/or silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon material is chosen from graphite, expandable graphite, expanded graphite, graphene, carbon fiber, carbon nanofiber and carbon nanotube. The filler is chosen from spherical, rod-type, needle-type, laminated surface type, spindle-type and fibrous-type filers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coupling agent is silane coupling agent, zirconia coupling agent and titanate coupling agent, and has functional group chosen from hydroxyl group, carboxyl group and N-alkyl or N,N-dialkyl amide group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive resin is chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin, acryl resin, silicone resin, urethane resin, thermoplastic urethane resin or thermoplastic ether-ester-type resin. The protective layer contains polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene and/or ethylene-chlorofluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed solution contains propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate in volume ratio of 1:1. The mixed solution contains 0.5 mol.L-1 propylene carbonate and 0.05 mol.L-1 ethylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: The electron transport layer/photoelectric conversion hybrid layer are formed by coating the solution containing dye on electron-carrying layer (4) or vapor-depositing precursor of dye on electron-carrying layer. The positive hole-transport layer is formed by polymerizing the electroconductive high molecular precursor on layer (3) in presence of oxidizing agent, and irradiating light.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidizing agent is chosen from hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, ozone, metal salt, and peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive high molecular precursor is of formula (II), preferably 5-(2H,3H-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxin-5-yl)-2H,3H-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxine.Y'=S, NR or O;R=H or optionally substituted alkyl;andZ1-Z4=1-30C alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, 1-30C alkoxy or 4-30C cyclic compound-containing group (all optionally substituted), 2-30C polyethylene oxide, H or halo.The polymer is of formula (III).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent conductive glass substrate is chosen from indium tin oxide conductive glass substrate, fluorine-doped tin dioxide conductive glass substrate, aluminum oxide-doped zinc conductive glass substrate. The electron transport layer comprises zinc oxide or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Detergent, deionized water, acetone, ethanol, lead iodide solution, dimethylformamide solution and isopropanol solution of iodine methylamine are used during preparation of electroconductive polymer back electrode perovskite solar cell. The light-absorbing layer perovskite material comprises perovskite material of formula: (RNH3)B'XmY'n.R=CH3, C4H9, C8H9 or Cs;B'=Pb or Sn;X,Y'=Cl, Br or I;m=1-3;andn=3-m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer back electrode layer is polyaniline conductive polymer back electrode layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal element is lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc or calcium. The acid-binding agent is triethylamine, cesium fluoride or potassium fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyester, polysulphurization phenylene, polyimide, acetate, glass cloth, polyvinylidene fluoride, fluorinated vinylidene hexa fluoro propylene copolymer, epoxy-based resin or polyamide-based resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The acrylic resin has light transmittance. Preferred Composition: The adhesive layer comprises acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: High-melting-point metal powder is chosen from copper, silver, gold, nickel, platinum, palladium, germanium, zinc and their alloys. The low-melting point metal powder is chosen from tin, bismuth, lead, indium and their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Component (C) is chosen from ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, diethylene glycol monophenyl ether, propylene glycol monophenyl ether, and ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The paste contains 6000-30000 parts mass component (B), 100-8000 parts mass component (C), 100-1000 parts mass component (D) and 1-100 parts mass component (E) blended with respect to 100 parts mass component (A). component (E) is hydroxyalkyl cellulose, cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate. Hydroxyalkyl cellulose is hydroxymethyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether or hydroxypropyl cellulose ether. Component (A) is phenoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Carbon paper comprises 40-70 wt.% conducting polymers. Mixed solution comprises 10-50 pts. wt. conducting polymer and 100 pts. wt. water or organic solvent. Organic solvent is ethylene glycol, glycerol, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, and propanol. Preferred Conditions: Calcining temperature is 300-500 degrees C. Calcining time is 1-12 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: n-Type-semiconductor layer is n-type silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Ferroelectric layer contains copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene. p-Type organic-semiconductor polymer is poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) or polystyrene sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal barrier layer is made of aluminum material. The extending resin is biaxially-stretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A weather-proofing layer is made of hydrolysis-resistant polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal foil is copper foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective film is a resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyester resin composition further comprises 0.1-0.5 mass% carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyester resin comprises less than or equal to 15 eq/t terminal carboxyl groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The polyester-based resin base material is polyethylene terephthalate resin which is not given prehydrolysis-processing proof property. The base material does not contain compound or polymer having carbodiimide group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Material comprises 62-66 pts. wt. EVA, 15-18 pts. wt. PP, 12-17 pts. wt. paracetamol formaldehyde resin, 6-8 pts. wt. propyl gallate, 2-4 pts. wt. hexamethylenetetramine, 2-4 pts. wt. barium phenolic resin, 1-3 pts. wt. barium stearate, 3-5 pts. wt. carbon black, 2-4 pts. wt. zinc oxide, 0.6-0.8 pt. wt. tetraethylenepentamine, 4-6 pts. wt. sodium allylsulfonate, 0.6-0.8 pt. wt. antioxidant, 0.3-0.5 pt. wt. auxiliary antioxidant, and 3-5 pts. wt. polyester resin. Antioxidant is Antioxidant 168 (RTM: Tris(2,4-di-tert.-butylphenyl)phosphite). Auxiliary antioxidant is Auxiliary antioxidant TNP (RTM: Tri(nonylphenyl)phosphite). Preferred Conditions: 1st reactant raw material stirring speed is 120-130 rpm. 2nd reactant raw material vacuum degree is 0.02-0.07 MPa, and 2nd reactant raw material stirring speed is 80-100 rpm. Kneading temperature is 180-190 degrees C, kneading rotating speed is 700-800 rpm, and kneading time is 10-15 minutes. Twin-screw extruder 1st section temperature is 170-180 degrees C, 2nd section temperature is 180-200 degrees C, 3rd section temperature is 190-210oC, and 4th section temperature is 200-220 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plasticizer for preparing masterbatch, is selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, mineral oil, tributyl acetate, urea, or formamide. The silane coupling agent is selected from silane coupling agent of grade KH-550, KH-560, KH-570, A-171, KH-792, or KH-602.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (I) is 1,3-bis(dec-9-en-1-yloxy)-5-(undec-10-en-1-yloxy)benzene. The electrolyte solution is a solution of halogenated organic magnesium compound of formula: R-Mg-X, preferably diethyl methyl methoxy ethyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide salt solution of ethyl magnesium bromide.R=1-10C alkyl, 2-10C alkenyl, 2-10C alkynyl, 3-6C cycloalkyl, thiophenyl, phenyl or naphthyl;andX=Cl, Br or I.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light-resistant stabilizer is hindered amine-type light-resistant stabilizer. The organic peroxide is dialkyl peroxide or peroxy carbonate. The silane coupling agent comprises vinyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thin film layer is layer formed by plasma chemical vapor deposition method using film-forming gas containing organosilicon compound and oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material contains resin chosen from polyester resin and polyolefin resin, preferably polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic ultraviolet-shielding agent is chosen from titanium dioxide microparticles, zinc oxide microparticles and cerium dioxide microparticles. The content of the inorganic ultraviolet-ray shielding agent is 0.1-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The wavelength-conversion material is europium complex of formula (I), or microparticles which consist of acrylic resin. The content of the wavelength-conversion material is 0.0001-1 part mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin material. The acrylic resin is resin which has polymethyl(meth)acrylate as main component. The resin material is resin material containing ethylene-polar monomer copolymer, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.R=H;andn=1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The transparent conductive substrate is conductive glass or conductive plastic film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent comprises terpineol and oleic acid in the weight ratio of 8-10:1. The thickening agent is diurea or polyurea.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cellulose is methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose or butyl cellulose. The thixotropic agent is chosen from hydrogenated castor oil or polyamide wax.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amino silane coupling agent is aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, aminopropyl triethoxysilane, amino silane oligomer, N-n-butyl-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane or bis-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyl)-amine, preferably amino silane oligomer or bis-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyl)-amine. The nano-calcium carbonate is fatty acids, silane coupling agent or resin acid modified-nano-calcium carbonate, having a specific surface area of 80-100 m2/g. The titanium chelate is isobutyl titanate, monoalkoxy titanate, polyalkoxylated titanate or titanium ethylacetoacetate (preferred).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diisocyanate compound is toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,6- hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane or isophorone diisocyanate, preferably 1,6- hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate. The viscosity of methyl silicone oil at 25 degrees C, is 50-3000 mPa/second, or 200-1000 mPa/second. The cross-linking agent is methyltrimethoxysilane (preferred), vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyl triethoxysilane or vinyltriethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The viscosity of methyldiethoxysiloxy ((CH3(CH3O)2SiO)1/2) terminated at 25 degrees C, is 5000-100000 mPa/second, or 10000-80000 mPa/second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Weather-proof layer comprises 45 pts. wt. acrylic monomers, 16 pts. wt. acrylic ester copolymer, 2 pts. wt. butyl oleate, 1.5 pts. wt. calcium alkyl salicylate, 1.5 pts. wt. polyoxyethylene ethers, 7 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, 8 pts. wt. polyester, 6 pts. wt. coupling agent and 20 pts. wt. solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The particle of particle-containing insulation portion is comprised of hydrate, and metal hydroxide. The hydrate is comprised from a group consists of magnesium sulfate hydrate and calcium sulfate hydrate. The metal hydroxide is comprised from a grop consists of Boehmite, aluminium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide. The mineral is comprised from a group consists of talc, crysotile, antigorite, lizardite, kaolinite, dickite, willemseite, pyrophyllite, saponite, hectorite, sauconite, montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, sericite, phlogopite, lepidolite, margarite, clintonite, anandite, cookeite, sudoite, clinochlore, chamosite, nimite, sepiolite, palygorskite, zeolite, attapulgite, hydrotalcite, imogolite, and allophone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Coating Composition: Components (i) and (ii) are present in the coating composition in an amount so that the stoichiometric ratio of isocyanate groups:secondary amine groups is 1.0:1.0 to 2.5:1.0. The film forming resin comprising secondary amine groups is a polyaspartic ester amine. The amino resin based polymer is a methyl urea based polymer. The amino resin based polymer is a crosslinked polymer. The solid particles of an amino resin based polymer are present in an amount of 1-25% by weight, based on the weight of the total coating composition. The polyisocyanate curing agent has an isocyanate equivalent weight of 280-840 g/eq, for example 280-500 g/eq. The film forming resin comprising secondary amine groups has an amine equivalent weight of 150-450 g/eq. Components (i) and (ii) are present in the coating composition in an amount so that the stoichiometric ratio of isocyanate groups:secondary amine groups is greater than 1.5: 1.0 to a maximum ratio of 2.5:1.0. The polyaspartic ester amine has structure (I).X=an alicylic hydrocarbon which is inert towards isocyanate groups at temperatures of up to 100 degrees C;R1 and R2=organic groups which are inert toward isocyanate groups at temperatures of up to 100 degrees C;R3 and R4=hydrogen or organic groups which are inert towards isocyanate groups at temperatures of up to 100 degrees C; andn=an integer of atleast 2.The coating composition is provided in two packs, a first pack comprising the polyaspartic ester amine and a second pack comprising the polyisocyanate curing agent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The method allows a metal oxide dot that is made of aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The method allows a metal organic precursor that is made of tri-methyl aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The block copolymer is polystyrene- 6-oc-poly-methylmethacrylate or polystyrene-oc -poly-methylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Silicon micro-powder has 400-600 mesh particle diameter. Preferred Components: Anti-aging auxiliary agent is tri(2,4-dibutyl phenyl) phosphite or nonylphenyl triphenyl phosphate. Crosslinking agent is tert.-butyl peroxy-2-ethyl hexyl acrylate or triallyl cyanurate. Plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate, trioctyl phosphate, or tricresyl phosphate. Preferred Conditions: Vibration oscillating frequency is 100-140 times/minute. Stirring machine speed is 200-300 rpm under ammonia gas atmosphere. Extruding temperature is 80-90 degrees C, hot-pressing temperature is 30-40 degrees C, and cold-pressing temperature is 10-15 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Curing agent is triethylenetetramine, diethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, trimethyl hexamethylene diamine, polyether amine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, and/or isophoronediamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Component A is prepared by adding novolac resin:formaldehyde:phenol with volume ratio of (0.5-0.8):1 into 3-necked flask, stirring at 80 degrees C for 0.5 hour, adjusting pH to 1 using hydrochloric acid, reacting at 80 degrees C for 2-3 hours, cooling, dehydrating under vacuum state at 60-80 mmHg for 2-6 hours to obtain pale yellow viscous liquid phenolic resin, adding epichlorohydrin having amount of 1.15-1.2 times amount of phenolic resin, heating at 110-130 degrees C under reflux, adding sodium hydroxide solution, reacting for 1-3 hours in which amount of sodium hydroxide solution and sodium hydroxide solution is added by dropping for 2 times with time of 2-2.5 hours and dropping amount of 70-85% and 40-45%, respectively, placing into 3-necked bottle, dehydrating under vacuum state, dropping sodium hydroxide solution to adjust concentration to 6-8% for 0.5-1 hour under reflux, incubating for 2 hours, and removing moisture using vacuum pump with vacuum pressure of 1-4 mbar to obtain light yellow transparent viscous liquid product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Composite polymer film comprises 10 pts. wt. sodium tungstate, 9 pts. wt. polyester fiber, 8 pts. wt. polyether sulfone, 4 pts. sodium, 3 pts. wt. titanium dioxide and 6 pts. wt. polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electric conduction coating comprises 100 pts. wt. chlorosulfonated polyethylene resin, 31 pts. wt. chlorinated polyether-polyurethane resin, 25 pts. wt. electric conduction graphite, 13 pts. wt. butanone, 8.5 pts. wt. fluoroolefin-vinyl ether copolymer and 0.3 pts. wt. silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The binder includes acrylic, melamine, phenolic, or urea formaldehyde binders.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The wetting component includes bonding of cotton fibers, cellulose fibers, or polyester fibers with the mixture of coarse glass fibers of the nonwoven fiber mat.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The flow resistance for electrolyte is achieved with silica, alumina, zirconia, and silicon carbide (SiC).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The porous metallic materials are made from foams, aerogels, crosslinked or fused particles such as carbon, graphite, nickel, platinum, titanium, copper, gold, aluminum or metallic nanotubes, fibers, and flakes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flow resistance for electrolyte is achieved with a porous ceramic or polymeric filter, such as porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyethylene (PE). The porous polymeric materials are made by functionalizing, crosslinking, or curing powders of polymeric particles of different compositions and sizes, such as PTFE, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) or PE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The hollow structure is made of rigid metal, and the cables utilized for providing the hollow structure is made of stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The envelope includes polyazole, polyester, PVC, elastomer and Kevlar (RTM: Para-aramid synthetic fiber).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heat conductive filler (d) is chosen from magnesium oxide, magnesium silicate, magnesium carbonate and boron nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The hydrogenated product (a) of random copolymer of aromatic vinyl compound and conjugated diene compound has a single peak temperature of loss tangent of -50 degrees C to 0 degrees C measured in test of the dynamic solid viscoelastic property by pulling method based on JIS K7244-4:1999. Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic elastomer composition further contains 70-90 parts mass heat conductive filler (d) with respect to total of 100 parts mass hydrogenated product (a) of random copolymer of aromatic vinyl compound and conjugated diene compound, and polypropylene resin (b).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solid portion is made of silicon carbide, gallium arsenide or ceramic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A holding layer is formed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode is made of magnesium metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode is organosulfur compound having oxidation-reduction activity containing non-metallic element, radical compound and carbonyl compound. The organic compound is 2, 5-dimethoxy-1, 4-benzoquinone, 9, 10-anthraquinone or rubeanic acid. The magnesium sulfonyl amide salt is magnesium bis (trifluoro methylsulfonyl) amide. The sulfone compound is sulfolane, ethyl methyl sulfone, ethyl isopropyl sulfone, dipropyl sulfone and propane sultone. The secondary battery has a holding member holding the electrolyte solution arranged between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The positive electrode is (pi)conjugated system conductive polymer, organic-sulfur polymer, organic radical polymer or quinone type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of benzotriazole-type ultraviolet absorber is 0.02-0.1 %mass. The content of triazine-type ultraviolet absorber is 0.05-0.15 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from water, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, methanol, toluene, ethyl acetate, and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further involves coating the extruded sheet using antistatic coating liquid, and drying to form antistatic coating layer. Preferred Composition: The antistatic coating liquid comprises conductive polymer, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and mixture of 0.1-5 wt.% additive, 2-25 wt.% thermosetting binder, 20-40 wt.% water and 40-70 wt.% organic solvent. The conductive polymer comprises polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and/or their derivatives. The thermoplastic resin is chosen from polyester, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polystyrene, polyimide, polyamide, polysulfonate, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, modified polyphenylene oxide, phenol resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass frit (a) contains lead oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and boron trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic material contains 1-25 wt.% polymer resin and 75-99 wt.% organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Luminescent material contains binary, ternary and/or quaternary inorganic crystalline host material in which luminescence (emission) is from thulium (II) ions with concentration of 0.1-100%, preferably 0.2-11%. Binary inorganic host material is compound of formulae ML, NL2, NI2 or MNL3 or their alloy. Luminescent thulium (II) doped inorganic material contains (poly)crystalline thin-film layer or crystalline particles, preferably nanoscale particle embedded in matrix material. Luminescent thulium (II) based inorganic material is associated with waveguide structure for guiding solar radiation of predetermined wavelength to photovoltaic device. Waveguide structure contains top surface and bottom surface or layer containing (poly)crystalline thin film layer or layer of matrix material in which crystalline particles are embedded. Infrared absorbing layer contains type IV, III-V or II-VI semiconductor compound, copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS), copper indium (di)selenide (CIS), polymer, graphene or (carbon) nanotubes. Thulium (II) based luminescent material solar radiation absorption takes place in 5d configurations of thulium (II) while emission is from 4f13 (2F5/2) to 4f13 (2F7/2) ground state.M=Na, K, Rb, Cs;L=Cl, Br, I, F; andN=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Matrix material is transparent organic polymer, preferably poly(methylmethacrylate) or polycarbonate. Wavelength conversion layer contains luminescent thulium (II) inorganic material over light receiving face of photovoltaic device. Photovoltaic device contains luminescent thulium (II) inorganic material or thin-film layer containing luminescent thulium (II) inorganic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The housing is formed from metal, plastic, steel, treated steel, steel alloys, stainless steel, or carbon steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lamp shell is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, polycarbonate polymer, or acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The intrinsic semiconductor thin film is made of polysilicon semiconductor thin film or polycrystalline silicon semiconductor thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer (6) contains antioxidant including phosphorus atom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin (B1) is block polypropylene. The layer (5) contains adhesive resin. The adhesive resin contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic (meth)acrylate copolymer, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate-aliphatic (meth)acrylate copolymer and/or ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Properties: The thickness of layer (5) is 50-500 mu m. The melting point of polyolefin resin (B1) is 130-140 degrees C. The adhesive strength of the interface of layer (5) and layer (6) is 10 N/cm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the twin-screw extruder, the screw has length to diameter ratio of 12:1; the extruder is divided into four stages, where the first stage temperature is 160-180 degrees C, the second stage temperature is 180-190 degrees C, the third stage temperature is 190-200 degrees C, and the fourth stage temperature is 190-210 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The back film material comprises 75-78 pts. ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), 23-26 pts. polyuretahne (PU), 14-18 pts. polyphenylene ether (PPE), 2-3 pts. barium stearate, 6-9 pts. epichlorohydrin, 2-4 pts. silica, 6-8 pts. graphene, 4-6 pts. allyl sulfonate, 0.5-0.7 pts. antioxidant, 0.3-0.5 pts. secondary antioxidant, 7-9 pts. vinyl acetate, 4-6 pts. butyl rubber, 3-5 pts. acrylamide and 2-3 pts. triethylamine. The antioxidant is antioxidant 1010. The secondary antioxidant is secondary antioxidant TNP. The silica is nano-silica. Preferred Method: In step (i), the stirring speed is 130-150 revolutions per minute. In step (ii), the stirring speed is 280-300 revolutions per minute, and the stirring time is 20-30 minutes. In step (ii), the kneading temperature 150-170 degrees C, at 600-700 revolutions per minute, and the kneading time is 8-15 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Initiator is hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, or methyl propyl benzene hydroperoxide. Emulsifier is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, hydroxy alkyl sulfonate, diisooctyl succinate sodium sulfonate, or polyacrylamide. Titanium dioxide powder is titanium dioxide modified with silane coupling agent. Antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) (antioxidant 1010) or tris(2,4-di-tert.-butylphenyl)phosphite (antioxidant 168). Plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate or epoxidized soybean oil. Stabilizer is organic tin stabilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: Polymerization is performed at 70-80 degrees C for 1-2 hours. Extruding is performed at 140-185 degrees C with screw speed of 160-300 rpm, feeding speed of 20-40 rpm, calendering roller temperature of 155-170 degrees C, and roller speed of 8-35 m/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Plastic comprises 25-28 pts. wt. hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 7-9 pts. wt. nitrile rubber, 8-10 pts. wt. polyvinyl alcohol, 0..4-0.7 pts. wt. ammonium persulfate, 8-11 pts. wt. vinyl acetate, 5-7 pts. wt. microcrystalline wax, 6-8 pts. wt. rosin, 2-4 pts. wt. normal-butyl titanate, 3-5 pts. wt. dimethicone,4-6 pts. wt. tricresyl phosphate, 1-3 pts. wt. barium stearate, 2-3 pts. wt. aluminum oxide, 0.5-7 pts. wt. ultraviolet absorber and 0.6-0.8 pts. wt. antioxidants. Ultraviolet absorbent is UV-327. Antioxidant is California almonds. Inert gas is selected from nitrogen or argon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antioxidant is dilauryl thiodipropionate. The heat stabilizer is calcium stearate or zinc stearate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The modifier is acrylate copolymer. The highly transparent photovoltaic solar energy battery packaging film comprises 40-50 pts. mass, preferably 42 pts. mass PVC, 1.6-2.0 pts. mass, preferably 1.8 pts. mass petroleum sulfonic acid phenyl ester, 12-14 pts. mass, preferably 12.9 pts. mass dibutyl phthalate, 1.5-2.1 pts. mass, preferably 1.6 pts. mass butyl acetate, 2-5 pts. mass, preferably 3 pts. mass epoxy fatty acid octyl ester, 4-6 pts. mass, preferably 4.6 pts. mass dioctyl phthalate, 5-10 pts. mass, preferably 7 pts. mass epoxidized soybean oil, 2-3 pts. mass, preferably 2.2 pts. mass stone powder, 5-7 pts. mass, preferably 6 pts. mass carbon fiber, 3-6 pts. mass, preferably 4.5 pts. mass ethyl cellulose, 0.2-0.4 pt. wt, preferably 0.3 pt. wt. stearic acid monoglyceride, 0.2-0.4 pt. wt, preferably 0.3 pt. wt. antioxidant, 0.2-0.5 pt. wt, preferably 0.3 pt. wt. heat stabilizer and 3-4 pts. mass, preferably 3.5 pts. mass modifier. Preferred Method: The single-screw extruder has 4 sections having temperatures of 140 degrees C, 150 degrees C, 170 degrees C and 190 degrees C, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Fluorine coating comprises 40-55 pts. wt., preferably 42-55 pts. wt. fluorine resin, 18-32 pts. wt., preferably 21-32 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, 15-22 pts. wt., preferably 17-22 pts. wt. wetting and dispersing additive, 7-13 pts. wt., preferably 8-12 pts. wt. defoamer, 3-9 pts. wt., preferably 4-8 pts. wt. leveling agent, 2-7 pts. wt., preferably 3-7 pts. wt. drier, 35-55 pts. wt., preferably 40-55 pts. wt. organic solvent, and 2-10 pts. wt., preferably 3-9 pts. wt. curing agent. Preferred Processes: Preparation of fluorine coating includes adding titanium dioxide, wetting and dispersing additive, leveling agent, and organic solvent into reactor, heating while stirring using stirrer at 93-98 degrees C for 28 minutes with stirring speed of 550-650 rpm to obtain mixture 1, adding fluorine resin into organic solvent, heating while stirring using stirrer at 91 degrees C for 32 minutes with stirring speed of 550 rpm to obtain mixture 2, adding while stirring mixture 2 into mixture 1 using stirrer at 89 degrees C for 40 minutes with stirring speed of 520 rpm and flow rate of 0.11 m/s to obtain solution, adding drier, curing agent, and defoamer, and mixing at 92 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Coomponents: Acrylic acid resin is acrylic acid resin containing hydroxide radical functional group. Resin is selected from fluoroethylene vinyl ether or polyvinylidene difluoride resin. Organic solvent is selected from benzene, toluene, dimethylbenzene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 100 number solvent oil, 150 number solvent oil, 200 number solvent oil, acetone, butanone or cyclohexanone. Catalyst is selected from organic metal type catalyst, tertiary amine catalyst, triethylene diamine, triethylamine or triethanolamine. Ultraviolet absorbing agent is selected from nitrogen triazole ultraviolet absorbent or benzene and triazine type ultraviolet absorbent. Defoaming agent is selected from organic silicon defoaming agent or acrylic defoaming agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroactive sulfur-containing material of cathode (A) is lithium sulfide. The anode (B) is chosen from anode containing metallic lithium, anode containing carbon, anode containing tin or silicon, and anode comprising lithium titanate of formula: Li4+xTi5O12. The alkali metal salt (c2) is lithium salt.x=0-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The redox mediator (c3) is chosen from salts comprising one or more iodide anion, and organometallic compound containing cyclopenta-1,3-diene derivative of formula (I).R1,R1a=H, CN , C(=O)R6, halo or 1-40C organic radical, preferably H, methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, t-butyl or phenyl;R6=H or 1-40C organic radical;andR2,R2a,R3,R3a,R4,R4a,R5,R5a=H or 1-40C organic radical, preferably H, methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, t-butyl or phenyl.two adjacent radical R2 and R3 and/or R3 and R4 and/or R4 and R5 and/or R2a and R3a and/or R3a and R4a and/or R4a and R5a are combined together to form a monocyclic or polycyclic, optionally substituted, 4-40C aliphatic ring or aryl containing heteroatom chosen from silicon, germanium, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium, preferably unsubstituted, 1,3-butadien-1,4-diyl or buta-1,4-diyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aprotic organic solvent (c1) is chosen from polymer, cyclic or noncyclic ether, noncyclic or cyclic acetal and cyclic or noncyclic organic carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The graphene platelets have atomic ratio of carbon and oxygen of 3-150. The conductive metal oxide layer comprises tin oxide doped with fluorine, and/or indium oxide doped with fluorine. The graphene platelets are fully or partly reduced, partially functionalized with oxygen groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and epoxide groups. Preferred Process: The graphene and metal structured film is formed using a protic or aprotic solvent chosen from ethanol and acetone in a non-oxidative atmosphere comprising an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon and helium. Preferred Properties: The graphene and metal structured film has transmittance in the visible and near infrared spectrum of 20-99%, surface electrical resistivity of 0.1-109 Omega /square.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The insulating substrate is chosen from glass, ceramic and polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyaniline-metal catalyst is polyaniline-manganese/iron catalyst. The molar ratio of manganese and iron is 1:100-100:1, preferably 1:1. The amount of metal is 10-40 wt.% based on total weight of the catalyst system. EXAMPLE - Solution of aniline in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid added with iron(III) chloride and/or manganese(II) chloride, and stirred for 30 minutes. The aniline was polymerized by adding oxidizing agent ammonium peroxydisulfate in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid at 5 degrees C, added with a polymer complex made of carbonaceous carrier material containing polyaniline and iron/manganese as ultrasonic dispersion in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid, stirred at 90 degrees C for 24 hours, then solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and dried to obtain the polyaniline-metal catalyst bounded to carbonaceous carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride is an anhydride of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, or methacrylic acid. The unsaturated carboxylic ester is chosen from methyl ester, ethyl ester, and butyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin is acid-modified polyolefin resin. The sum of content (a) of fluorochemical surfactant, content (b) of nonionic surfactant, and content (c) of anionic surfactant with respect to polyolefin resin in the film layer is 0.2-5 %mass. The sum of content (b) of nonionic surfactant and content (c) of anionic surfactant with respect to content (a) of fluorochemical surfactant in the film layer is 0.1-10 %mass. The film layer further contains 0.1-10 %mass polyolefin resin derived from unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride, 0.1-25 %mass polyolefin resin derived from unsaturated carboxylic ester, and structure derived from water-soluble crosslinking agent containing an oxazoline group. The coating liquid is aqueous dispersion liquid. The polyolefin resin is a copolymer of ethylene, methacrylic ester, or acrylic acid or its anhydride. Preferred Property: The rubber solidification rate (C) of the coating liquid is 0.01-0.5%, and satisfies the relation: C=(Y/X)x 100 (I), where X (g) is solid content of coating liquid and Y (g) is precipitation amount after filtering the coating liquid using a filter having pore diameter of 10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The gas-barrier layer has a thickness of 5-200 nm. Preferred Component: The gas-barrier layer contains silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and/or titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The anchor layer has a film thickness of 0.05-10 mu m. Preferred Composition: The anchor layer contains an inorganic compound and/or an organic compound. The anchor layer preferably contains a complex of polyol, isocyanate compound, and/or inorganic oxide. The content of inorganic compound in the anchor layer is 0.5-5 mass%. The overcoat layer contains a mixture of inorganic compound and organic compound. The weight ratio of inorganic compound with respect to organic compound in the overcoat layer is 20/80-70/30.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The overcoat layer preferably contains a mixture of hydrolyzate of metal alkoxide and water-soluble polymer containing hydroxyl groups. Preferred Property: The overcoat layer has a film thickness of 0.05-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The pitch of the lattice pattern is 250-750 mu m. The largest height of the surface is 50-85 mu m based on JIS-B-0601-1994. There area ratio of the lattice pattern is 0.05-0.4.
Preferred Definitions:    one of R1,R2=H, and other is methyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Bacterial cellulose is obtained form Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Organic solvent is selected from glycol ethers, ketones, mixtures of ethers and esters, xylene or toluene. Polyurethane is obtained from vegetable oils. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The temperature-dependent magnetic material comprises gadolinium, thin-film Lanthanum-Strontium-Manganese-oxide ceramics, powdered cobalt-rich metallic glasses, Iron-Nickel, Non-Oriented Silicon-Iron, Manganese-Zinc-Iron-Oxygen, Gadolinium-Silicon-Germanium, Gadolinium-Silicon-Germanium-Gallium, Nickel-Manganese-Gallium-Arsenic, Manganese-Arsenic-Antimony, Manganese-Iron-Phosphorus Arsenic, or Lanthanum-Calcium-Manganese-oxide, Lanthanum-Strontium-Manganese-oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The magnetic circuit comprises Neodymium-Iron- Cobalt, Neodymium-Iron- Boron, Aluminum - Nickel- Cobalt or Samarium - Cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The system allows a first portion of a gasket comprising silicone rubber and a second portion of the gasket comprising natural rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of inorganic fluorescent material is 0.001-5 %mass with respect to transparent material. The inorganic fluorescent material is an inorganic fluorescent material surface-treated by silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent or aluminate coupling agent. Preferred Properties: The inorganic fluorescent material has volume average particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m and refractive index of 1.5-2.2. The volume average particle diameter of the wavelength conversion material is 10-150 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent material is vinyl resin obtained by suspension-polymerizing a vinyl compound in suspension of the inorganic fluorescent material and the vinyl compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The electronic device further consists of hole-collecting electrode, electron-collecting electrode, and photovoltaic layer containing aromatic core-containing compound and polymeric electron donor between hole-collecting electrode and electron-collecting electrode, or source electrode, drain electrode, and semiconductor layer containing aromatic core-containing compound between source electrode and drain electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): The aromatic core-containing compound is prepared by coupling dibromo-functionalized compound of formula (II) and mono-brominated compound of formula (III) in the presence of 2,5-dimethylthiophene. Preferred Property: The aromatic core-containing compound has a weight average molecular weight of less than 4000. Preferred Component: The aromatic core-containing compound is preferably of formulae (IV)-(VII). Preferred Definitions:    R1=(CH2)CH(C10H21)(C12H25) or (CH2)CH(C4H9)(C6H13);    EG,EG'=group of formula (viii);and    Ar1=group of formula (ix).    EXAMPLE - 380 mg 8-Bromo-17-phenyl-7,9,16,18-tetraazabenzodifluoranthene-3,4,12,13-tetracarboxylic acid diimide, 55 mg 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene, 9 mg tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), and 12 mg tri(o-tolyl)phosphine were added to a flask and dissolved in 16 mL degassed toluene in argon atmosphere. The mixture was heated to reflux and stirred for 72 hours. The solid residue was purified by chromatography using chloroform and methanol as eluent, after removing the volatile materials, to obtain 2,5-bis(8-(17-phenyl)-7,9,16,18-tetraazabenzodifluoranthene-3,4,12,13-tetracarboxylic acid diimide)thiophene as green solid, with yield of 54.9%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cell comprises a conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic powder comprises 40-100 vol.% glass powder and 0-60 vol.% ceramic filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of thermoplastic resin, solvent and plasticizer is 0-10 %mass, 0-30 %mass and 0-10 %mass, respectively. The content of organic components and inorganic powder is 15-50 %mass and 50-85 %mass, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent conductive oxide of layer (105) comprises indium-tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide. The window material of layer (w1), transparent conductive oxide material of layer (115), transparent conductive oxide material of layer (A), window material of layer (w2) comprise cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc oxide or zinc-magnesium oxide. The electrode material comprises transparent conductive oxide material or metal material. The absorber material of layer (a1) comprises copper-indium disulfide, copper-indium-aluminum disulfide, copper-indium-gallium disulfide or silver-copper-indium-gallium disulfide. The absorber material of layer (a2) comprises copper-tin sulfide (Cu2SnS3), copper-indium-gallium diselenide, copper-indium diselenide or iron silicide. The interface region in the cell (101) comprises at least one material chosen from platinum, chromium, and silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The coupling layer comprises ethyl-vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Device: The photovoltaic device has a cathode substrate (1), a cathode contact layer (2) comprising carbon, aluminum, nickel, copper, molybdenum or tungsten, an electron blocking layer (3), a scaffold layer, an anode contact layer (6), a hole blocking layer, and a polymeric or ceramic porous separator layer. The substrate is metal or metal foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic hole transport material includes an oxide hole transport material or p-type semiconductive material. The hole transport material further comprises organic hole transport material. The inorganic hole transport material is provided in a layer with thickness of 200-500 nm or 10-500 nm. The inorganic hole transport material includes nickel oxide, copper oxide (Cu2O, CuO and CuZO2, where Z is aluminum, gallium, iron, chromium, yttrium, scandium, and/or rare-earth element), silver-cobalt-oxide (AgCoO2) or other oxides, including delafossite structure compounds. The perovskite material is of formulae: A1+xMX3-z, ANX4-z, A2MX4-z, A3M2X7-2z or A4M3X10-3z, where M is mixture of monovalent and trivalent cations, and X and z are not defined. The region of perovskite material comprises additives containing surface attaching groups such as carboxylic or phosphonate groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode (E1) is chosen from indium tin oxide film, fluorinated tin oxide film, indium zinc oxide film, aluminum-doped zinc oxide film, zinc oxide film and indium tin zinc oxide film. The electrode (E2) is metal, alloy, conductive compound, or other conductive polymer. The quantum dot consists of core-shell structure comprising zinc sulfide or zinc selenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is chosen from quartz, glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyoxyethylene, acrylonitrile-styrene resin and triacetyl cellulose. The hole transport layer comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or mixture of poly(3-styrene sulfonate) and conductive metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate is silicon substrate, indium-tin oxide substrate or glass substrate. Preferred Process: The graphite oxide is prepared by Hummers method, and 2 g graphite powder and 2 g lithium nitrate are added to beaker, 100 mL sulfuric acid having concentration of 98% is added under ice-cooling, 12 g potassium permanganate is dripped and stirred at different temperatures until the solution turns brown, and 400 mL distilled water is added. Predetermined amount of 30% hydrogen peroxide is dripped to mixture and reacted to obtain bright yellow solution. The bright yellow solution is filtered, and the filter cake is washed with sodium hydroxide solution, and pH is adjusted to 7-8, neutralized with dilute hydrogen chloride, and the precipitate is obtained by centrifugation, and dried in oven at 40-50 degrees C for 48 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersing agent is dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or glycerol. The solution of graphene-quantum dots has concentration of 0.5-3%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic-inorganic perovskite structure of heteroconjugateis of formula (ABImBrnCl3-m-n), where A is a monovalent organic cation, B is divalent metal ion, and m, n and m+n are 0-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal ion is tin (Sn2+ or Pb2?+ ).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes a solvent that is selected from N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide or tetrahydrofuran. The organic cation ismethyl amine ion (CH3NH3+), ethyl amine ion (C2H5NH3+) or formamidine ion (NH2CH=NH2+).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The method utilizes polymer selected from polystyrene or methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metallic foil comprises nickel, tin, indium, lead, zinc, cadmium, gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer nanofibers comprises polymer chosen from polyurethane, polyurethane copolymer, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose derivative, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyvinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene oxide copolymer, polypropylene oxide copolymer, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polycaprolactone, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, and/or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is bistriphenylphosphine palladium dichloride, or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (II) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of alkali and compound (II) is 20:1. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Dioxaborolan-aniline compound of formula (II) and bromothiophen-diphenylquinoxaline compound of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 are subjected to Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours under anaerobic conditions in organic solvent in presence of catalyst and alkali, cooled, separated and purified, to obtain triphenylamine-containing polymer (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (A) is 20:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium mixture, palladium acetate and tri-o-tolylphosphine mixture in molar ratio of 1:4-8, or dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxy-2-biphenylyl)phosphine or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium mixture in molar ratio of 1:4-8. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polymer (I) is prepared by mixing dioxaborolane derivative of formula (A) and 2,6-dibromo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione derivative of formula (B) in molar ratio of 1:1-1.2, adding catalyst and alkali solution of organic solvent, performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, cooling the resultant reaction mixture, separating and purifying. Preferred Process: Methanol is added to the reaction mixture obtained after performing the Suzuki coupling reaction, extracted with methanol and n-hexane in a Soxhlet extractor and filtered. The resultant filtrate is then extracted with chloroform as solvent, spin-dried to remove solvent, and the resultant solid material is dried at 50 degrees C for 24 hours under vacuum, to obtain anthraquinonyl group-containing polymer (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of compound (A) and compound (B) is 1:1-1.2. The catalyst is bis (triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium, mixture of palladium acetate and tri-o-tolylphosphine in a molar ratio of 1:4-8, or mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-2',6'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl in a molar ratio of 1:4-8. The molar ratio of catalyst to compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Trimethyl tin dithiophene compound (A) of formula (II) and dihydroquinoxaline compound (B) of formula (III) are added to organic solvent containing catalyst in anaerobic conditions, Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, the resulting product is separated and purified to obtain cyclopentadithienyl polymer (I). Preferred Process: The separation and purification process involves adding methanol to reaction solution, precipitating, filtering obtained precipitate, extracting with methanol and n-hexane, washing obtained product with chloroform, and spin-drying. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=n-octyl;    n=36;    or R1=methyl,R2=n-eicosyl;    n=62;    or R1=n-eicosyl;    R2=methyl;    n=11;    or R1=n-butyl;    R2=n-decyl;    n=98;    or R1=n-dodecyl;    R2=n-hexyl;and    n=74.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The naphthalene diimide polymer has general formulae (VI-VIII).Eg:(VI)R5=selected from a group of formulae(IX-CXXVI); Eg:(IX)andR6=independently selected from H, 1-20C alkyl group, thiophene ring, benzene ring, naphthalene ring, 1-20C alkoxy group on pyrazine ring.n=0-1000; preferrably 0-500; mor preferrably 0-300.Preparation (Claimed): The naphthalene diimide polymer is prepared by reacting naphthalene compound of formula (CXXVII) with a halogenated reagent in an inert solvent to give compounds of formulae (CXXVIII-CXXIX). OR The naphthalene diimide polymer is prepared by reacting naphthalene compounds of formula (CXXX-CXXXI) with a halogenated reagent in an inert solvent to give compounds of formulae (CXXXII-CXXXIII).M=CN or H.Preferred Process Conditions: The naphthalene compound of formula (CXXX) is prepared by reacting compound of formula (CXXXI) with sodium borohydride, (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride, methylene dichloride or tetramethylethylenediamine in an inert solvent. The naphthalene compound of formula (CXXXI) is prepared by reacting compound of formula (CXXXIV) and 2-cyano-1,1-ethylene hydrate, dithiolate or 2-cyano-1,1-ethylene selenium alkoxide in an inert solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Particle size of zinc oxide is less than or equal to 100 mu m. Particle size of borosilicate glass powder is less than or equal to 400 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solvent comprises ethyl acetate and anhydrous ethanol at mass ratio of 1-3:3-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating further comprises 11 pts. wt. pigments and fillers. Preferred Components: The pigments and fillers comprise 4 pts. wt. graphite powder, 2 pts. wt. aluminum powder and 9 pts. wt. pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Anti-corrosive paint further comprises 11 pts. wt. filler pigment. Filler pigment comprises 4 pts. wt. graphite powder, 2 pts. wt. aluminum powder, and 9 pts. wt. pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Metal oxide-containing porous structure is provided with membranous polymers colloidal particle that is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene / divinylbenzene (PS/DVB), polyamide, poly (butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) and combination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coupling agent is selected from a group consisting of hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, silane coupling agent, zirconia coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, N-alkyl or N and N-dialkylamide group. The ceramics is selected from a group consisting of magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum-nitride, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide and silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylpluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl polyamideimide, epoxy series, acryl group, silicon, urethane type, thermoplastic urethane class or thermoplastic ether ester type. The protective layer is made of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyvinylpluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene tetrafluorine ethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene and ethylene chlorofluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The light layer comprises titanium dioxide, silver titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyurethane layer comprises single polyurethane or polyurethane composite material. The insulation layer is polyethylene glycol terephthalate, hard PVC, phenolic resin paper base enhance PFCP, phenolic resin substrate enhance PFCC, epoxy resin glass fiber enhance 3240FR4, polyester resin glass fiber enhance SMC or polyester resin glass fiber enhance DMC. The polymer layer comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, polyethylene terephthalate, or polystyrene and polycarbonate polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanoparticles are nitride or carbide nanoceramic particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flame retardant is phosphoric triester, ammonium polyphosphate, zinc borate, melamine cyanurate or modified polyphenylene ether. The curing agent is diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetramine. The solvent is xylene or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Organic solvent is ketone. Hydroxyalkyl alkenyl ether is selected from propylene glycol monomethyl ether or hydroxybutyl vinyl ether. Organic solvent is selected from butyl acetate or methyl isobutyl ketone. Initiator is organic peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Solar energy photovoltaic back plate composite material comprises 12-23 mass parts, preferably 20 mass parts carbon nanotube, 11-15 mass parts, preferably 14 mass parts PBT, 3-5 mass parts, preferably 4 mass parts maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene propylene terpolymer rubber, 6-9 mass parts, preferably 8 mass parts high-density polyethylene, 3-5 mass parts, preferably 4 mass parts ABS, 3-4 mass parts, preferably 4 mass parts glyceryl tristearate, 1-2 mass parts, preferably 2 mass parts silicone powder, 3-7 mass parts, preferably 6 mass parts citric acid, 3-4 mass parts, preferably 4 mass parts tris(2,4-di-tert.-butylphenyl)phosphite, 3-5 mass parts, preferably 4 mass parts silicon carbide fiber, and 1-2 mass parts, preferably 2 mass parts gamma -methacryloyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The nano-crystalline cellulose-containing polyimide film is prepared by dispersing nanocrystal cellulose in polar organic solvent, polymerizing diamine monomer and dianhydride monomer, and performing imidization and electrostatic spinning at 200-220 degrees C for 0.5-3 hours. Preferred Component: The polar organic solvent is dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide or N-methyl pyrrolidone. The diamine monomer is 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 4,4'-amino-3,3'-dimethyl-biphenyl or 4,4'-dichloro diphenyl sulfone. The dianhydride monomer is tetraoctyl pyromellitate dianhydride or biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises 0.1-45 wt.% of a third polymer comprising a functionalized polyolefin comprising a copolymer of at least one alpha-olefin comprising ethylene or propylene, with at least one comonomer bearing a reactive function and at least one other comonomer having no reactive functional group, comprising alpha olefin different from the alpha olefin, diene, ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid and vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid, diacrboxylic acid anhydride comprising maleic anhydride. Preferred Components: The second polymer is a copolymer of ethylene and a (meth)acrylate. The molar mass of the polyamide grafts of the grafted polyamide polymer is 1000-10000 g/mol. The number of (X) is greater than or equal to 1.3 and/or less than or equal to 20. The first polymer is present at 10-50 wt.%. The first polymer comprises copolyamides PA6/11, PA6/12 or PA6/11/12. The third polymer is copolymer of ethylene-acrylic ester-glycidyl methacrylate or ethylene-acrylic ester-maleic anhydride. The polymer is maleic anhydride. The second polymer is present at 40-70 wt.%. The third polymer is present at 10-30 wt.%. The composition comprises the three polymers. The encapsulating layer comprises adhesion promoters comprising non polymeric ingredient, organic or inorganic crystalline, preferably partial organic or partial inorganic, antioxidants and/or anti UV agents. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of 17.5 wt.% of Apolhya A (RTM: Terpolymer of ethylene, 17.5 wt.% ethyl acrylate and 2.8 wt.% maleic anhydride and 6/12 copolyamide containing 20 wt.% of copolyamide with melting temperature of 130 degrees C) and 82.5 wt.% of Lotryl 17BA07 (RTM: 17 wt.% Copolymer of ethylene and butyl acrylate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode layer (a) contains indium tin oxide, gold, silver, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, indium-zinc oxide, zinc oxide-gadolinium oxide, zinc oxide-alumina and antimony-tin oxide. The hole trapping layer is chosen from molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide and lithium fluoride and tungsten oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photoactive layer contains p-type compound and n-type compound. The p-type compound contains poly-3-hexylthiophene, poly-3-octylthiopene, polyparaphenylenevinylene, poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene) and poly(2-methyl,5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy))-1,4-phenylene vinylene. The n-type compound is chosen from (6,6)-phenyl-C61-methylbutyrate, (6,6)-phenyl-C71-methyl butyrate, fullerene, (6,6)-thienyl-C61-methyl butyrate and carbon nanotube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The size stabilizer is titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide or calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The reaction kettle is heating/cooling mixer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic solvent is 1-4C alcohol, 1-4C ketone, 1-4C ether and/or halohydrocarbon, where halogen atom is selected from fluorine, chlorine or bromine. It is acetone, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, diethyl ether, chloroform or dichloromethane. The modified powder filler is size stabilizer, heat stabilizer and/or UV-absorbing agent. The heat stabilizer is maleic anhydride, butyl stearate, calcium stearate or triphenyl phosphate. The UV-absorbing agent is phenyl salicylate or 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride and polymethyl methacrylate is 60:40-90:10. The liquid plasticizer is 1-4C phthalate, 8-12C dibasic acid ester, 8-16C phosphate or 2-6C polyhydric alcohol ester. It is dimethyl phthalate, dioctyl sebacate, tricresyl phosphate, triacetin or polyethylene glycol. The rubber is polymethyl methacrylate, acrylate, acrylonitrile/styrene copolymer, polymer coated surface acrylic rubber, butadiene rubber or polysiloxane rubber. The melting and plasticizing step is conducted in an internal mixer or twin-screw extruder at 150-250 degrees C. The secondary melting and plasticizing step is conducted in a single-screw extruder at 190-240 degrees C and screw rotation speed of 30-200 revolutions/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Volume of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid is 3:1-2. Amount of composite adhesive is 20-50 mass% with respect to anode active material. Anode active material is carbon, silicon, tin, and its composites, preferably artificial graphite, mesocarbon microspheres, biomass charcoal, nano-silicon, silicon carbide composite, silicon alloy, silicon oxide, tin oxide, tin-based alloys, and/or tin-carbon composite. Lithium electrode material contains 10-50% conductive agent with respect to anode active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Water-soluble polymer is sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl chitosan, carboxymethyl chitin, and/or sodium carboxymethyl starch or its crosslinked hydrogel. Preferred Processes: Carboxyl-functionalized carbon nanotubes are prepared by ultrasonically refluxing carbon nanotubes with concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid at 60-120 degrees C for 2-12 hours, washing, and drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The molar concentration of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin solution is adjusted to 0.000001-0.001 mol/L by adding 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin into clean and dry apparatus, adding organic solvent and stirring until completely dissolved. The molar concentration of polyvinyl alcohol solution is adjusted to 1-10% by adding polyvinyl alcohol into clean and dry apparatus, adding deionized water, distilled water or dimethylsulfoxide as solvent and stirring at 25-90 degrees C until completely dissolved.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acrylic compound is chosen from methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, heptyl (meth)acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate, ethylpentyl (meth)acrylate, ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, ethylheptyl (meth)acrylate, ethyloctyl (meth)acrylate, ethylnonyl (meth)acrylate, ethyldecyl (meth)acrylate, propylpentyl (meth)acrylate, propylhexyl (meth)acrylate, propylheptyl (meth)acrylate, propyloctyl (meth)acrylate, propylnonyl acrylate, propyldecyl acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, di(ethylene glycol)di(meth)acrylate, tri(ethylene glycol)di(meth)acrylate, propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, di(propylene glycol)di(meth)acrylate, tri(propylene glycol)di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate and dipentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate. The electrolyte further contains organic solvent and lithium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises immersing a substrate of metal or metal oxide in the protonic solvent after the step of forming the thin film. The carbonizing step is accomplished at a temperature of 1000-1500 degrees C under pressure of less than 10 mTorr. The step of forming the thin film is accomplished at a temperature of 100-700 degrees C. Preferred Components: (I) comprises dopamine. The protic solvent has a concentration of 1-1000 mM. The protonic solvent is a mixed solvent of water and organic solvent, has a pH of 4-10, and comprises organic base having acid dissociation constant of greater than or equal to 8. The organic base is piperidine, ethylamine, triethylamine, methylamine, dimethylamine and/or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane. The mole equivalent of the protonic solvent is 0.1-10 times of (I). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide or toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The single-face hardening layer comprises silicon dioxide coating or silicone oil coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of UV absorber and acrylic acid adhesive is 0.01-0.05:95-100. The heat insulation layer comprises multilayer vacuum deposition of transparent oxide or nitride film and metal film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent is isocyanate curing agent. The thinner is toluene or dimethylbenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The method utilizes assistance rollers that are made of silicon carbide or silicon nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flat thermal solar absorber is made of polycarbonate. The fluid entrance-exit collector is made of polycarbonate or PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesion layer comprises ethyl vinyl acetate or polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The stripes are made of copper. The heat conductive panel is made of aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The holder is made of a heat conductive plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hard-coat layer is obtained using composition containing polyfunctional acryl monomer, a urethane acrylate oligomer, radical photopolymerization initiator, inorganic fine particles and a UV-absorber. The primer layer is formed using ethylene-butyl acetate copolymer and titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The dispersible group-containing (meth)acrylic-type polymer has hydroxyl value of 0.5-100 mg potassium hydroxide/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of isobornyl (meth)acrylate monomer is 1-10 wt.% with respect to total content of the binder polymer. The (meth)acrylate monomer is methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-amyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, n-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-amyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, n-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and/or hydroxypropyl methacrylate. The acrylate-based monomer is methacrylate, beta -carboxyethyl acrylate, dipropylene diacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, pentaerythritol hexaacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, lauryl acrylate, cetyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, cetyl methacrylate and/or stearyl methacrylate. The nitrile monomer is acrylonitrile, succinonitrile, sebaconitrile, fluorinated nitrile, nitryl chloride and/or methacrylonitrile. The vinyl monomer is styrene, alpha -methyl styrene, beta -methyl styrene, p-t-butyl styrene and/or divinylbenzene. The unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer is maleic acid, fumaric acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, glutamic acid, itaconic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, crotonic acid and/or isocrotonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The precursor gas of silicon is silane (SiH4). The oxygen gas precursor is nitrous oxide. The coating composition further comprises 4-6 wt.% sodium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon filler: is in the form of graphite powder, preferably spherical graphite; and comprises greater than 50 (preferably 60-85) wt.% of graphite, and greater than 50 (preferably 60-70) wt.% of thermoplastic polymer and additives. The carbon composite material further comprises carbon component(s) which is/are carbon black, carbon fibers, graphene or carbon nanotubes. The thermoplastic polymer is: polyarylene sulfide, preferably polyphenylene sulfide, used as the only organic polymer; and present at 10-45 (preferably 15-30) wt.%. The titanate flow modifier is organic (titanium(IV)) titanates, where at least one ligand attached to the titanium atom is an organic 1-18C ligand, and the titanate is 2-propanolato-(tris-isooctadecanoato-O)-titanium(IV), and present at 0.5-10 wt.%. Preferred Method: In the method of: carrying out the compounding step with the material to be compounded at an elevated temperature, such as 200 degrees C, and optionally at an elevated pressure, such as 50-800 bar; and carrying out the injection molding by injecting the compounded composite material into a mold cavity and by subsequently allowing the material to solidify, where the injection step preferably takes place at an elevated temperature, preferably 300-350 degrees C, and at a pressure of 100-800 bar. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coupling agent contains silane, titanate, zirconate, or aluminate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The additive contains a functionalized acrylic polymer containing a functional group chosen from hydroxyl, amino, ureido, epoxy, carboxylic acid, isocyanate, sulfonic acid, aziridine, melamine, and anhydride groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phenolic compound is of formula (I).R1,R2,R4,R5=H or 1-8C hydrocarbyl;andR3=1-22C hydrocarbyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The change in concentration of phenolic compound-containing composition before and after storage at 120 degrees C for 3 hours is 10-1700 ppm. The polymer comprises polyether polymer. The change rate of phenolic compound concentration during manufacture of phenolic compound-containing composition is less than 12%, which satisfies a relation: (Cf-Ce) divide by Cfx 100, where Cf is concentration of the phenolic compound in the composition immediately after addition of phenolic compound, Ce is concentration of the phenolic compound in the composition after all process. Preferred Process: The method further involves adding phenolic compound, after neutralizing free acid or free base, carrying out devolatilization process of distilling the solvent at the time of polymerization of polymer and a neutralizing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dispersion medium is water, monoalcohol-type dispersion medium and/or dialcohol-type dispersion medium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer is polyhydric alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol and/or their cross-linked product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin (A) is chosen from acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, polyolefin resin and fluororesin. The adhesive agent composition further contains inorganic oxide and/or carbon black as pigment (D), and epoxy resin (E). The adhesive agent composition contains 0.01-20 pts. wt. fat-soluble phenol (C), 1-400 pts. wt. pigment (D) with respect to 100 pts. wt. resin (A). The sealing agent is a composition containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Properties: The resin (A) has number average molecular weight of 5000-50000, and glass transition temperature of 20-110 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains 0.01-10 pts. wt. photoinitiator or optical radical generating agent (D) with respect to 100 pts. wt. components (A)-(C), (meth)acrylate (E) having urethane (meth)acrylate and/or isocyanurate structure, (meth)acrylate (F) having hydroxyl group and/or an ether group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition contains 0.1-20 pts. wt. component (C) with respect to 100 pts. wt. components (A, B). The content of component (A) with respect to the total amount of the components (A, B) is 20-80 wt.%. The component (C) comprises (meth)acryl polymer (C-1) having at least 1 group chosen from (meth)acryloyl group, epoxy group and an oxetane group or (meth)acryl copolymer (C-2) is obtained by polymerizing monomer mixture containing monomer (C-2a) which has at least 1 group chosen from perfluoro alkylene group and 6-30C saturated hydrocarbon group and (meth)acrylate monomer (C-2b) which has an epoxy group, and reacting obtained polymer with carboxylic acid (C-2c) which has 1 or more (meth)acryloyl groups in a molecule. The content of component (C-2a) is 7-78 wt.% with respect to the total amount of components (C-2a) and (C-2b). The base material is plastics base material and/or glass board material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weather-resistant layer is fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The inorganic absorber is calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, barium oxide, calcium sulfate, titanium sulfate, alumina, aluminum oxide, magnesium silicate, calcium oxide, silica gel, aluminosilicate salt, clay, porous glass, microporous activated carbon, zeolite, and/or activated carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The surface of base material includes polyethylene terephthalate, glass, iron (alloy), aluminum (alloy), and/or copper (alloy).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The absorption layer comprises 50 vol.% or more to 87 vol.% thermoplastic resin binder, and greater than 13 vol.% and 50 vol.% or less chemical adsorption agent having water absorptivity. The thermoplastic resin binder is polyolefin resin. Preferred Properties: The absorption film has a skin layer (3) containing a resin and having a thickness of 60 mu m or less, provided in the base material side of absorption layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diluent is dichloromethane. The polyether polyol has molecular weight of 1000-1500, and functionality of 3-4., preferably the molecular weight is 1000, and functionality is 3.5. The polyether polyol is DDL-1000 and/or DMN-1500. The catalyst is organic bismuth catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic nanoadditive is nanozinc oxide, nanotitanium dioxide or nanostrontium oxide.The thickening agent is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.The surfactant is phosphatidylethanolamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent A is n-butyl alcohol, isoamylol, amyl alcohol or n-hexanol. The solvent B is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate.The defoaming agent is poly(dimethylsiloxane).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic binding agent is polyester resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin or organic silicone resin.The dispersant is polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Paint comprises 16 pts. wt. graphite, 16 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, 14 pts. wt. urea, 7 pts. wt. polyethylene, 11 pts. wt. fluorine resin, 3 pts. wt. 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, 5 pts. wt. soybean oil, 7 pts. wt. butyl acetate, 15 pts. wt. ethanol and 8 pts. wt. water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Catalyst is titanium-containing silicone resin. Filler is selected from calcium carbonate, diatomite or quartz powder. Flame retardant is antimony oxide. crosslinking agent is selected from vinyl tris (butanone oxime) silane, methyl tris(butanone oxime)silane, methylethylketoxime silane, dimethyl-butyl ketoxime silane, butanone oxime silane or phenyltris(2-butanoneoxime)silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The heterocyclic compound is a compound having a structure consisting of triazole ring, pyrrole ring, pyrazole ring, thiazole ring, and/or imidazole ring.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The modified polyolefin resin contains modified polyolefin resin having hydroxyl group of hydroxyl value 1-200 mg potassium hydroxide/g and/or modified polyolefin resin having acidic radical of acid value 1-200 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The curing agent is epoxy compound, polyisocyanate compound, and/or melamine resin. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 0.01-10 pts. wt. heterocyclic compound and 0.1-30 pts. wt., with respect to 100 pts. wt. polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The epoxy compound has two or more epoxy groups in a molecule and hydroxyl group(s) in a molecule, and a weight average molecular weight of 3000 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The modified polyolefin resin comprises modified polyolefin resin having hydroxyl group of hydroxyl value 1-200 mg potassium hydroxide/g, and/or modified polyolefin resin having acidic radical of acid value 1-200 mg potassium hydroxide/g. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 0.01-100 pts. wt. epoxy compound and 0.1-30 pts. wt. polyfunctional isocyanate compound, with respect to 100 pts. wt. polyolefin resin. The composition further comprises thermoplastic elastomer, tackifier, catalyst, and phosphoric acid compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The contents of methyl acrylate and organic peroxide in the layer insulation material are 1-10 %mass, and 0.5-2 %mass, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The fine structure manufacturing method in which suspension is the nanosilver suspension.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The curable resin composition includes polyacrylate, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene ether phthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene phthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyether imide, polyether-sulfone, polydimethyl siloxane, polyether ether ketone, and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The fluorine-containing linear ether compound is prepared by reacting vinyl ether compound of formula: R1-(O-R2)n-O-CH=CH2 and fluoroalcohol compound of formula: R3-OH. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 20 Fluorine-containing linear ether compounds are disclosed e.g. 15,15,15-trifluoro-12-methyl-2,5,8,11,13-pentaoxapentadecane of formula (A), 15,15,16,16,16-pentafluoro-12-methyl-2,5,8,11,13-pentaoxahexadecane, 17,17,17-trifluoro-13-methyl-3,6,9,12,14-pentaoxaheptadecane, 16,16,17,17,17-pentafluoro-13-methyl-3,6,9,12,14-pentaoxaheptadecane and 12,12,12-trifluoro-9-methyl-2,5,8,10-tetraoxadodecane.    EXAMPLE - 1.9 g Triethylene glycol monomethyl monovinyl ether, 2 g 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and 0.025 g 2-ethylhexyl phosphate were added into a reactor and reacted at 23 degrees C for 24 hours, 0.2 g Hydrotalcite was added to the resultant reaction mixture, mixed for 24 hours at 20 rpm and filtered. The resultant filtrate was heated at 80 degrees C for 2 hours under reduced pressure, and the unreacted substance was distilled off, to obtain colorless and transparent liquid of 15,15,15-trifluoro-12-methyl-2,5,8,11,13-pentaoxapentadecane with yield of 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Manganese salt is selected from manganese nitrate, manganese acetate or manganese oxalate. Cobalt salt is selected from cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate or cobalt oxalate. Chelating agent is selected from citric acid (CA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, acetylacetone or polyacrylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Uniform medium is selected from deionized water, ethyl alcohol or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Carbon fiber composite material is coated with thermosetting resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, unsaturation polyester resin, polyurethane resin, polyimide resin and urea-formaldehyde resin or furan resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The compound (I) is prepared by reacting 2,5-di(2-nitrophenyl) pyrrole with triethyl phosphite to obtain 11-alkyl/aryl bisindole-pyrrole compound, and further performing alkylation reaction to obtain 5,6-alkyl-11-alkyl/aryl bisindole-pyrrole compound, then using bromosuccinimide for bromination reaction to obtain 2,9-dibromo-5,6-alkyl-11-alkyl/aryl bisindole-pyrrole compound, then carrying out Miyaura borylation reaction with boric acid ester, and performing polymerization reaction. Preferred Definitions:    R1=C6H13-, C8H17-, C10H21-, C12H25-, C16H33-, or C20H41.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert gas atmosphere contains helium, nitrogen, argon, neon and/or xenon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is chosen from 127 compounds e.g. ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, isopropanol, dimethylformamide, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, N-methypyrrolidone, dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, methyl-3-methoxypropionate, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, ethyl pyruvate, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, isobutyl acetate, amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, butyl propionate, isoamyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, propyl butyrate, methyl-3-methoxyisobutyrate, methyl glycolate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, ethyl ethoxyacetate, 2-methoxyethylacetate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, 2-ethoxyethylacetate, dibutyl ether, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, 2-hexanone, 3-hexanone, 5-methyl-2-hexanone, 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone, 4-heptanone, 2-methyl-3-heptanone and diethylene glycol dibutyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polymer in the polymer solution has molecular weight of 15000-200000. Preferred Composition: The polymer solution contains polyacrylonitrile, polyaniline and/or polypyrrole. The polymer solution comprises one or two or more mixed solvents having boiling point of 50 degrees C or more. The content of polymer in the polymer solution is 1-30 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, gamma -butyrolactone and/or chloroform. The photosensitive initiator is 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenylphosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-hydroxyethyl ether, acetone and/or benzophenone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyvinyl acetal has a molecular weight of 30000-200000 Daltons and an alcoholysis degree of 75-99%. The active diluent is vinyl ether diluent, acrylic ester reactive diluent and/or glycol dimethacrylate active diluent. The vinyl ether diluent is dodecyl vinyl ether. The acrylic ester reactive diluent is methyl methacrylate. The glycol dimethacrylate active diluent is polyethylene glycol 200 dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol 400 dimethacrylate and/or polyethylene glycol 600 dimethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydroxyl group-containing resin is chosen from acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, and fluororesin. The coating composition further contains antioxidant and/or optical stabilizer. The diisocyanate is non-yellowing-type diisocyanate. Preferred Properties: The hydroxyl group-containing resin has glass transition temperature of 20-110 degrees C measured by differential scanning calorimetry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The electronic-extraction electrode is provided in the main surface side of photoelectric conversion layer, and the hole-extraction electrode is provided in the other main surface side of photoelectric conversion layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The half value width of a diffraction peak of 1.6-1.8 Angstrom obtained from a peaked portion releasing an intense spectrum depending on the reciprocal number of lattice spacing along normal line direction in p-type organic semiconductor of photoelectric conversion layer in a X-ray diffraction measurement is 0.5 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cyclic sulfonate ester compound is cyclic disulfonate compound of formula (II). The acid anhydride is a sulfonic acid anhydride, and a carboxylic anhydride which is a linear carboxylic anhydride of formula: R101-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-R102 or of formula (III). The content of cyclic sulfonate ester compound and acid anhydride is 0.005-10 %mass and 0.005-10 %mass, respectively. The molar ratio of concentration of acid anhydride with respect to concentration of cyclic sulfonate ester compound is 1/10-10/1.R1,R2=H, linear or branched 1-5C (fluoro)alkyl, halo, or amino, preferably fluoro or H;R3=1-6C linear or branched (fluoro)alkylene, carbonyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, or 2-6C bivalent group bonded to linear or branched (fluoro)alkylene through ether bond, preferably (fluoro)methylene or (fluoro)ethylene;R101,R102=1-6C alkyl, 6-12C aryl, 4-12C heterocyclyl, or 2-6C alkenyl (all optionally substituted), preferably 1-5C alkyl;andR11=1-5C alkylene, 2-5C alkenylene, 5-12C cycloalkane diyl, or benzene diyl (all optionally substituted), or 2-6C bivalent group bonded to alkylene through ether bond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluid includes: an inorganic base; a thinner which is a sodium carboxylate or a potassium carboxylate; and less than or equal to 0.2 wt.% associative thickener. The fluid further comprises: a corrosion inhibitor; an anti-precipitant or chelating agent; and an anti-foaming agent. Preferred Components: The corrosion inhibitor is carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonates, amines, silicates and/or amides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The freeze point depressant comprises propylene glycol. The associative thickener is: a crosslinked polyacrylic acid; or a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid and 10-30 carbons containing alkyl acrylate. The associative surfactant is: an alkoxylated branched alcohol; an alcohol ethoxylate; or an alcohol ethoxylate of formula (Cn+1H2n+3(ethylene oxide)yH) (I).n = 6-18; andy = 3-12. EXAMPLE - Typical fluid composition comprised of: 20 wt.% propylene glycol; 0.025 wt.% non-nonylphenol polyethoxylate-based nonionic surfactant 1; 0.005 wt.% non-nonylphenol polyethoxylate-based nonionic surfactant 2; 79.5 wt.% water; 0.03 wt.% polycarboxylic acid thickener; 0.025 wt.% chelating agent; 0.2 wt.% anti-foamer; and potassium hydroxide (to get pH of 6.8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The former polymer is fluoropolymer. The latter polymer is vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, trifluoroethylene monomer or tetrafluoroethylene monomer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell is made of cadmium telluride, cadmium selenide, zinc telluride, gallium arsenide, germanium, silicon or lead selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal ion is sodium or potassium ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acidic group of structural unit is carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group or phosphoric acid group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of copolymer (A), block copolymer (B) and polyolefin elastomer (C) is 5 %mass or less, 7 %mass or less, 20-65 %mass and 2-30 %mass, respectively. The resin composition further contains low-stereoregularity olefin having weight average molecular weight of 10000 or more, melting point of 70 degrees C or more and mesopentad fraction (mmmm) of 90% or less, and polyolefin resin containing propylene as structural monomer, isotactic fraction (mm) of 99% or less, and ethylene unit content of 0.1-10 mol%. The low-stereoregularity olefin contains 1-butene-type polymer. 0.1-15 %Mass polyolefin resin is soluble in n-decane at 80 degrees C. The sealant layer contains layer formed of the resin composition and having thickness of 1-20 mu m. Preferred Property: The thickness of sealant layer is 40 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): 3,5-Dimethylbromobenzene and magnesium powder are stirred at 60-70 degrees C for 3-4 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, to obtain Grignard reagent. The Grignard reagent and 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile are stirred at 60-70 degrees C for 5-6 hours, hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid, separated and purified, to obtain (2,6-difluoro-phenyl)-(3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-methanone. The (2,6-difluoro-phenyl)-(3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-methanone is refluxed with N-bromosuccinimide and azobisisobutyronitrile for 3-4 hours, separated and purified, to obtain (3,5-bis-bromomethyl-phenyl)-(2,6-difluoro-phenyl)-methanone. The product is reacted with substituted phenylboranediol of formula (II), to obtain brush-type difluoro monomer (I). Preferred Compounds: The brush-type difluoro monomer is chosen from 8 compounds e.g. (3,5-bis((3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl)phenyl)(2,6-difluorophenyl)methanone, (3,5-bis((4-methylphenyl)methyl)phenyl)(2,6-difluorophenyl)methanone, (3,5-bis((2,4-dimethylphenyl)methyl)phenyl)(2,6-difluorophenyl)methanone, (3,5-bis((3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)phenyl)(2,6-difluorophenyl)methanone and (3,5-bis((4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)phenyl)(2,6-difluorophenyl)methanone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The difluoro-substituted sulfonated monomer (I) is obtained by reacting magnesium powder and 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl bromide at -10 degrees C to obtain Grignard reagent, adding 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile, hydrolyzing the resultant product with hydrochloric acid at room temperature for 7-10 hours, separating and purifying the resultant product to obtain 1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-one of formula (i), carrying out oxidation reaction using copper bromide as oxidant at 75 degrees C to obtain 1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-dione of formula (ii), reacting the resultant product in presence of hydrobromic acid and glacial acetic acid, refluxing the resultant product for 8-12 hours, separating and purifying resultant product to obtain 1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-dione of formula (iii), then reacting the resultant product with 1,4-butane sultone or 1,3-propane sultone in presence of alkali and absolute ethanol, refluxing the resultant product for 5-7 hours, separating and purifying. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl bromide, magnesium powder and 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile is 1:1.5:0.9. The molar ratio of compound (i) and copper bromide is 1:1.5. The molar ratio of compound (iii), 1,4-butane sultone or 1,3-propane sultone, and alkali is 1:3:4. The alkali is chosen from potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic reaction system is a glass frit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic additive comprises carboxylic acid, fatty acid and their derivatives. The fatty acid is stearic acid, oleic acid and/or lauric acid. The organic additive comprises ether, preferably polyether and ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes metal organic frameworks (MOF) that is selected from the group consisting of MOF-2, MOF-5 preferably MOF-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes alcohol is methanol, ethanol and propanol, preferably ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dielectric material is a siloxane resin composition, a titanium oxide containing siloxane resin composition, or a zirconium oxide containing siloxane resin composition. The layer of gallium nitride, buried aluminum nitride layer, and indium nitride layer is formed on substrate. The convex portion uses either of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic electron donor materials and electron acceptor materials contain organic small molecules or organic polymer. Organic electron donor materials and electron acceptor materials are structurally compatible resulting from molecular alignment. Bulk heterojunction active layer is a blend of poly(4,8-bis-substituted-benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b0)dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-4-substituted-thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2,6-diyl) (PBDTTT-C) and poly(2,6-4,8-di(5-ethylhexylthienyl)benzo(1,2-b;3,4-b)dithiophene-alt-5-dibutyloctyl-3,6-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4-dione) (PBDTT-DPP) and/or poly(4,6-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate)alt-2,6(4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b)dithiophene)) (PTB7) and poly(2,6'-4,8-di(5-ethylhexylthienyl)benzo(1,2-b;3,4-b)dithiophene-alt-2,5-bis(2-butyloctyl)-3,6-bis(selenophene-2-yl)pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4-dione) (PBDTT-SeDPP). Organic electron donor materials are PBDTTT-C, PBDTT-DPP, PTB7, PBDTT-SeDPP, poly(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophene)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl) (PCE10), SPV1, and/or polymers with a backbone corresponding to any one of the polymers. Electron acceptor materials are P(NDI2OD-T2), PNDIT, PNDIS-HD, PNDTI-BT-DT, PPDI2T, PPDIC, PPDJDTT, YF25, NIDCS-HO, NIBT, Bis-PDJ-T-MO, SDIPBJ, PDI-2DTT, and/or PDI. Preferred Processes: The method includes selecting organic electron donor materials or organic electron acceptor materials before blending all materials selected to be included in the blending.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon nanomaterial is chosen from graphene, carbon nanocapsules and carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersant is chosen from naphthalene, anthracene, phenathrene, hydrocarbon-substituted naphthalene, hydrocarbon-substituted anthracene, hydrocarbon-substituted phenathrene, oxidized hydrocarbon-substituted naphthalene, oxidized hydrocarbon-substituted anthracene and oxidized hydrocarbon-substituted phenathrene. Preferred Process: During preparation of high-crystalline polythiophene nanowires, neutral organic solvent chosen from cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane, is used.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polar functional group of the binder (a) is chosen from carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group, hydroxyl group and their salts. The binder (a) comprises repeating unit (a1) derived from polymerizable monomer containing polar functional group, repeating unit (a2) derived from polymerizable vinylidene fluoride and optionally repeating unit (a3) derived from polymerizable fluorine-containing monomer containing tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorovinyl, and/or perfluoroalkylvinylether. The content of binder (a), binder (b) and binder (c) is 3-27 wt.%, 45-82 wt.% and 5-40 wt.%, respectively based on the total content of the binder composition. The binder (b) is vinylidene fluoride-containing binder which does not include polar functional group. The content of the repeating unit (r1) in the binder (c) is 1-70 wt.%. The repeating unit (r1) comprises nitrile group. The content of the repeating unit comprising the polar functional group of the binder (a) is 10 mol% or less. The repeating unit (r2) comprises conjugated diene monomer. The content of binder composition in the cathode is 0.5-5 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. cathode active material. Preferred Properties: The binder (c) has iodine value of 100 or less and glass transition temperature of (-40)-30 degrees C. The weight average molecular weight of the binder (a) and binder (b) is 300000 g/mol or more, each.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of ethylene-based copolymer is 1-30 %mass with respect to the total amount of the copolymers. The content of structural unit derived from the vinyl acetate of ethylene-based copolymer is 5-20 %mass, and the content of structural unit derived from vinyl acetate in ethylene-vinyl acetate based copolymer is 20-40 %mass. The ethylene-based copolymer is ethylene-(meth)acrylate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Carrier: The chemical solution carrier is porous silica having hydrophobically processed surface. The porous silica has mean pore diameter of 5-15 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Ethylene/( alpha )-olefin copolymer is linear low-density polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery includes an insulation layer that is made of polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The external housing is made of metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The external housing is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sliding agent is chosen from erucic-acid amide, oleic amide, stearamide, ethylenebis(stearamide) and methylenebis(stearamide).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The plane refractive index ratio (Nx/Ny) of the biaxially-stretched nylon film is 1-1.0065. Preferred Composition: The laminate film comprises biaxially-stretched nylon film/aluminum layer/polypropylene layer or biaxially-stretched nylon coating film/aluminum layer/polyvinyl-chloride layer. The surface layer of the laminated film is the biaxially-stretched nylon film. Preferred Conditions: The draw ratio in machine direction and transverse direction of the biaxially-stretched process is each 2.8 times or more. The draw ratio in the transverse direction is 0.1 times or more than the draw ratio in machine direction. The heat processing temperature is 190-215 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylate monomer is chosen from cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate and lauryl (meth)acrylate. The content of (meth)acrylate monomer and hydroxy-containing (meth)acrylate is 5-20 wt.% and 5-90 wt.%, respectively with respect to hydroxy-containing acrylic resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The hydroxy-containing acrylic resin has hydroxyl value of 1-200 mg potassium hydroxide/g and weight average molecular weight of 5000-500000. Preferred Composition: The equivalence ratio of hydroxyl group (i) in the hydroxy-containing acrylic resin and isocyanate group in the polyisocyanate compound is 0.5-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The hydroxy-containing acrylic resin has hydroxyl value of 1-200 mg potassium hydroxide/g and weight average molecular weight of 5000-500000. Preferred Composition: The equivalence ratio of hydroxyl group (i) in the hydroxyl-containing acrylic resin and isocyanate group in the polyisocyanate compound is 0.5-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The polymeric layers include a material selected from the group consisting of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), silica gel and thin-film ionomers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal reflecting layer is selected from the group consisting of silver, aluminum, gold, chromium and an alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal oxide is tin oxide, phosphor-doped tin oxide, and/or fluorine-doped tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The water contact angle on the surface of hard-coat layer is 90 degrees or more. The surface-resistance value on surface of hard-coat layer is less than 1x 1011 ( Omega )/square. Preferred Layer: The hard-coat layer is obtained by hardening a composition for hard-coat layer formation containing polymeric compound containing (meth)acryloyl group, metal oxide and fluorine compound which does not containing polymeric group. Preferred Component: The polymeric compound containing (meth)acryloyl group, is polymeric compound containing (meth)acryloyl group and fluorine atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of nonaqueous electrolytic solution is 0.14-0.35 g/cm3 with respect to the volume of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The polymeric layer comprises vinylidene fluoride. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution comprises halogen atom-containing cyclic carbonic ester derivative. The cyclic carbonic ester comprises 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and/or 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution contains 20-50 %mass cyclic carbonate and 50-80 %mass solvent chosen from diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, methyl isobutyrate, methyl trimethylacetate, ethyl trimethylacetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, methyl N,N-diethylcarbamate, ethyl N,N-diethylcarbamate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran and 1,3-dioxolane. The cyclic carbonate is cyclic carbonic ester derivative. The content of cyclic carbonic ester derivative is 0.5-2 %mass. The ratio of amount (MO) of nonaqueous electrolytic solution existing between the exterior component and a battery element (20) chosen from the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator, and the polymeric layer, and amount (MA) of nonaqueous electrolytic solution existing inside the exterior component, is 0.04 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The exterior component is made of aluminum and resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Lithium transition-metal oxide includes manganese. Electrolyte is a non-aqueous electrolyte. Passivation salts is lithium organoborate. Amount of passivation salts is less than or equal to 1 wt.%, preferably less than or equal to 10 wt.% of the electrolyte. Total weight of passivation salts and passivation additives is less than or equal to 1 wt.% of the total electrolyte weight. Passivation salts is an organoborate salt of formulae (I) and (II). Organoborate salt is lithium difluoro oxalato borate (LiDfOB) and organoborate salt (II) is lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB).M+=metal ion chosen from group I or group II elements;Y1-Y3=-CX(CR2)aCX-, -CZZ'(CR2)aCZZ'-, -CX(CR2)aCZZ'-, -SO2(CR2)bSO2-, and -CO(CR2)bSO2-;X=O or =NR';Z,Z'=alkyl, halogenated alkyl, -C=NR', CR'3 or R';R'=halo or H;R=H, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, CN or halo;a=0-4; andb=1-4.Preferred Parameters: At least one of passivation salts has decomposition potential that is greater than decomposition potential of greater than or equal to 1 passivation additives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Passivation additives is chosen from vinyl carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), ethylene sulfite (ES), propylene sulfite (PS), 1,3-dimethyl butadiene, styrene carbonate, phenyl ethylene carbonate (PhEC), aromatic carbonate, vinyl pyrrole, vinyl piperazine, vinyl piperidine, vinyl pyridine and greater than or equal to 1 is unsaturated carbonate chosen from vinyl carbonate (VC) and ethylene carbonate (VEC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (Q) comprises mixing 5-(4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (iva), 5-(4-(4-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)phenyl)thiazol-2-yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (ivb) and 5-(4-(4-(9-butylcarbazol-3-yl)phenyl)thiazol-2-yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (ivc) and 2-cyanoacetic acid (v) in an organic solvent, under the effect of alkaline compound, heating the mixture for 1-10 hours, stirring after completing the reaction, spin drying the solvent, and performing silicon glue column chromatography using eluent to obtain (Q), where the basic compound is piperidine, pyridine, triethylamine or dimethylamine, the organic solvent is acetonitrile, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane, the eluting solvent is mixed solvent of chloroform, dichloromethane and methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or acetic acid, the mass ratio of (iva), (ivb) and (ivc) is 1:1.0-3:0.1-0. 3, and the mass ratio of (iva), (ivb) or (ivc) to 10-30 ml/mmol. Preferred Components: (Q) are 2-cyanoacrylic acid as electron acceptor or 4-phenyl-2-thienyl-1,3-thiadiazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (b) is carried out by impregnating, spray spraying, roll rolling and/or spin coating method. The step (b) is carried out for 30-60 seconds. The platinum is deposited by sputtering technique or e-beam evaporation technique. The counter electrode is made by roll-to-roll method. The conductive substrate is made of stainless steel, carbon steel, iron-nickel based alloy, iron-chromium based alloy, iron-copper based alloy, aluminum-based metal, titanium-based metal, polyimide and/or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The epoxy resin is prepared by reacting cyclosiloxane compound of formula (II) and mesogenic group-containing epoxy compound of formula (III). Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin is of formula (Ia). The epoxy resin composition comprises inorganic filler and fiber.R1=methyl, ethyl or phenyl;n=3 or more;andA=structure of formula (i). EXAMPLE - 3 g 4-(4-(Allyloxy)benzylidene amino)phenylglycidyl ether was put into 100 ml separable flask, and heat-dissolved using 30 ml toluene. 0.58 g 1,3,5,7-Tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane and 0.1 mol% divinyltetramethyldisiloxane platinum diluted with 5 ml toluene were added to resultant product, and heat-stirred at 80 degrees C for 6 hours under nitrogen atmosphere with flow volume of 20 ml/minute. The precipitate was taken out, obtained mixed solution was filtered by suction filtration, and cooled in refrigerator to 8 degrees C. The precipitate was transferred to the beaker and deposit was again taken out by suction filtration. The resultant product was washed with 40 ml methanol and dried under reduced pressure at 70 degrees C for 3 hours, to obtain 2.4 g epoxy resin as white powder with yield of 16%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reinforcing material comprises at least one of a glass fiber, glass cloth, glass nonwoven fabric and glass mesh fabric.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin comprises epoxy resin and/or methacrylic resin. The buffer layer is made of methacrylic resin. The matrix is silicone based matrix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The photovoltaic cell includes a bulk heterojunction structure containing the photoelectric conversion layer where the photoelectric conversion layer contains a mixture of the electron donor and an electron acceptor for accepting an electron released from the electron donor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (II) is of formula (IIa), (IIb) or (IIc), where (IIa), (IIb) or (IIc) exhibits a higher solubility in an organic solvent with the solubilizing group than without the solubilizing group. The number of pi -electrons in a main chain skeleton of a structural unit of the condensed carbocyclic ring polymer is 60-250. The polyphenylene has at least one structural unit of formula (a6-a11), where (a6-a11) exhibit higher solubility in an organic solvent with the solubilizing group than without the solubilizing group. (a10) is at least one of formula (a12-a14). (a11) is at least one of formula (a15-a17), where (a12-a17) exhibit higher solubility in an organic solvent with the solubilizing group than without the solubilizing group. The polymer has at least one structural unit comprising e.g. substituted polyphenylene moiety of formula (a18-a23).R9-R72 = H or solubilizing group;B1 = substituted polyphenylene moiety of formula (11a);C1 = substituted polyphenylene moiety of formula (11b);C2 = substituted polyphenylene moiety of formula (12a);C3 = substituted polyphenylene moiety of formula (16a); andC4 = substituted polyphenylene moiety of formula (17a).The solubilizing group is at least one of a straight chain alkyl, branched alkyl, straight chain alkoxy or branched alkoxy. The solubilizing group has 3-20C. The condensed carbocyclic ring polymer has a polymerization degree of 2-150. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The protective gas is nitrogen or inert gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The maleimide monomer is maleimide monomer, bismaleimide monomer, multimaleimide monomer and maleimide monomer derivative. The maleimide monomer is of formula (I), or bismaleimide monomer is of formula (II). The maleimide monomer is N-phenylmaleimide, N-(o-methoxyphenyl)-maleimide, N-(p-methoxyphenyl)-maleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, maleimide, benzocyclobutene maleimide, xylyl maleimide, N-methylmaleimide, vinyl maleimide, thiol maleimide, maleimide ketone, methylene maleimide, maleimide ether, or ethylene glycol. The bismaleimide monomer is chosen from N,N - bismaleimido-4,4 -diphenylmethane, 1,1'-(methylenedi-4,1-phenylene)bismaleimide, N,N'-(1,1'-diphenyl-4,4'-methylene)bismaleimide amine, N, N '- (4- methyl-1,3-phenylene) bismaleimide, 1,1' - (3,3'-dimethyl-1,1'-diphenyl-4,4'-methylene) bis maleimide, N,N'-vinyl bismaleimide, N,N'-butenyl bismaleimide, N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)bismaleimide, N,N'-(1,3-phenylene)bismaleimide, N,N'-methylene-bis-maleimide, bismaleimide imide ether, 1,2-bis(maleimido)-1,2-ethanediol, N,N'-4,4'-diphenyl ether-bismaleimide and 4,4-bismaleimide-diphenyl-sulfone.R1=monovalent organic substituent;R2=divalent organic substituent;R1=-R, -RNH2R, -C(O)CH3, -CH2OCH3, -CH2S(O)CH3, -C6H5, -C6H4C6H5, -CH2(C6H4)CH3, or monovalent cycloaliphatic radical;R2=R-, -RNH2R-, -C(O)CH2-, -CH2OCH2-, -C(O)-, O-, -O-O-, -S-, -S-S-, -S(O)-, -CH2S(O)CH2-, -(O)S(O)-, -CH2(C6H4)CH2-, -CH2(C6H4)(O)-, -R-Si(CH3)2-O-Si(CH3)2-R-, -C6H4-, -C6H4C6H4-, divalent cycloaliphatic radical, or -(C6H4)-R3-(C6H4);R3=-CH2-, -C(O)-, -C(CH3) 2-, -O-, -O-O-, -S-, -S-S-, -S(O)- or -(O)S(O)-;andR=1-6C hydrocarbyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is magnesium acetate, calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The halide is preferably iodide ion or bromide ion. The inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite compound comprises 0.7-0.95 mol iodide ion and 0.3-0.05 mol bromide ion, with respect to the total number of moles of anion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite compound comprises 0.7-0.95 mol amidinium ion and 0.3-0.05 mol organic ammonium ion, with respect to the total number of moles of organic cation. The organic ammonium ion is of formula: R1-NH3+ (I). The amidinium ion is of formula (II). The solar cell comprises hole-conducting layer formed using material chosen from thiophene-based compound, p-phenylenevinylene-based compound, carbazole-based compound and triphenylamine-based compound.R1=1-24C alkyl, 3-20C cycloalkyl or 6-20C aryl;andR2-R6=H, or R1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Metallic layer is made of metal, which is selected from titanium, tungsten, zinc, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, copper or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat dissipating sheet is made of copper, aluminum and aluminum alloy. The heat pipe is made of copper or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat dissipating layer is made of silicone rubber. The brackets are made of thermal plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The top holding frame is made of thermally conductive plastic, where the thermally conductive plastic comprises a plastic material such as polyamide, and a thermally conductive material such as carbon fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material comprises 100 parts mass ethylene polymer containing polyethylene and/or ethylene-acryl monomer copolymer, 0.05-1 parts mass crosslinking agents containing organic peroxide (P2) having half life of 1 hour at 130-160 degrees C, and 0.3-5 parts mass crosslinking adjuvant having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyamide resin has a glass transition temperature of -50 degrees C to 0 degrees C. Layer (A) has thickness of 0.1-2 mu m. Layer (A) is formed by coating the composition on the base material layer and heat-processing at 150-250 degrees C. Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent is melamine resin and/or epoxy resin. The polyester resin is polyethylene terephthalate having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.65-0.8 dl/g and a terminal carboxyl group content of 25 eq/ton or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive composition further contains 0.1-30 parts mass binder resin with respect to 100 parts mass of total amount of resin beads and electroconductive material. The electroconductive materials are flaky particles. The resin beads are acrylic resin beads, and the binder resin is epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rotating shaft is provided with a lever made by soft plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode active material is lithium-containing composite oxide of formula: LiMO2 (where M is cobalt, nickel and/or manganese), preferably lithium cobaltate, lithium-cobalt-aluminum complex oxide (LixCo1-yAlyO2, where x is 0.05-1.1 and y is 0.01-0.10), lithium nickel oxide, lithium-nickel-cobalt-complex oxide (LiNiy'Co1-y'O2, where y' is more than 0 to less than 1), lithium-nickel-containing complex oxide (LixNizM'1-zO2, where M' is transition metal(s), boron, aluminum, gallium, and indium, and z is 0.7-1), and lithium manganate, more preferably lithium cobaltate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: A metal foil laminate case or laminated film obtained by coating metal foil with a resin and having a structure of packaging resin layer/metal film/sealant layer is used in the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Preferred Composition: The polymer compounds are chosen from ether-based polymers e.g. poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(ethylene oxide) crosslinked component, poly(methacrylate) ester polymer, acrylate polymer, and/or fluorine polymer e.g. poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The back heat insulation portions are made of melamine resin foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Parameters: The tempered glass has compressive strength of about 120 MPa to about 300 MPa, bending strength of about 120 MPa to about 300 MPa, and tensile strength of about 90 MPa to about 180 MPa. The glass ball in the glass ball layer has a particle size ranging from 0.01 microns to 60 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The adhesion layer is selected from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), silica gel, and a thin film ionic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesion-imparting agent comprises alkoxy group, epoxy group, or acryl(methacryl) group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicone adhesive sheet comprises silicone rubber composition containing 100 parts mass organopolysiloxane of formula: R'1aSiO(4-a)/2, and having polymerization degree of 100 or more, 10-150 parts mass reinforcing silica having specific surface area of 50 m2/g or more, 0.1-30 parts mass organo-hydrogenpolysiloxane which does not contain alkoxy group, epoxy group, and (meth)acryl group, and contains hydrogen atom coupled with two or more silicon atom in a molecule, hydrosilylation reaction catalyst, and 0-10 parts mass adhesion-imparting agents. The content of adhesion imparting agent is 0.01-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass organopolysiloxane.R'1=optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbyl;anda=1.95-2.05.Preferred Properties: The thickness of the silicone adhesive sheet is 0.3-2.5 mm. Preferred Process: The silicone adhesive sheet is formed by calendering roll or extrusion molding process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The organic film layer is obtained by photopolymerizing photocurable resin composition. The organic film layer is laminated by coating method. Preferred Composition: The photocurable resin composition comprises acrylic resin. The resin film comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, cycloolefin polymer, polycarbonate and polyimide. Preferred Properties: The thickness of organic film layer is 1-20 mu m. The gas-barrier film laminate has water vapor permeation rate of 0.005 g/m2/day or less at 90% relative humidity and 40 degrees C. The thickness of gas-barrier film layer is 0.2-2 mu m. The curl height of gas-barrier film layer is 15 mm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The trivalent rare-earth ions are europium ions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The phosphine oxide multidentate ligand is a phosphine oxide bidentate ligand of formula: O=P(-R11)(-R12)-R1-P(-R13)(-R14)=O (I) or X3C-C(-O-)=C(-Z)-C(=O)-CX3 (II).R1=divalent organic group;R11-R14=optionally substituted monovalent aryl, in which R11 and R12, or R13 and R14 are capable of bonding with each other through other groups;X=halo;andZ=H or D.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rare-earth complex polymer is of formula (III). The content of wavelength conversion material in the sealing film is 0.000001-1 part mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin material. The olefin (co)polymer is ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, or ethylene-polar monomer copolymer. The olefin (co)polymer is polymerized using a metallocene catalyst. Preferred Properties: The time required for reducing fluorescence intensity of luminescent peak area in the fluorescence emission spectrum obtained by performing continuous irradiation of ultraviolet ray having excitation wavelength using an ultraviolet ray lamp having irradiation intensity of 1000 W/cm2 maintained at temperature of 63 degrees C and distance of 235 mm from wavelength conversion material of sealing film, to 30% with respect to fluorescence intensity before irradiation is 20 hours or more. The time required for reducing fluorescence intensity of luminescent peak area in the fluorescence emission spectrum obtained by performing irradiation of light ray having excitation wavelength with respect to sealing film at 120 degrees C, to 30% with respect to fluorescence intensity before irradiation is 50 hours or more. Preferred Definitions:    R1=group chosen from groups of formulae (iv)-(vi).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electric torch main body is made of aluminum material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of metal oxide layer is 50-200 nm. Preferred Composition: The material of electron buffer layer is cesium azide, lithium fluoride, lithium carbonate or cesium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The material of hole buffer layer is mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxidethiophene) and polystyrene sulfonate. The mass ratio of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and methyl (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyrate is s 1:0.5-1:4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The average particle diameter of lithium-manganese phosphate is 10 nm to 5 mu m. The anode active material further contains a carbon coating on the surface of the lithium-manganese phosphate. The lithium-manganese phosphate is obtained from lithium salt, manganese salt and phosphate compound. The manganese salt is chosen from manganese carbonate, trimanganese tetroxide and dimanganese trioxide. The lithium salt is chosen from lithium chloride, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium phosphate and lithium nitrate. The phosphate compound is chosen from ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, triammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, phosphorus pentoxide, lithium phosphate and iron phosphate hydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon coating contains carbon black, sugar solution, pitch, cellulose acetate, organic acid and/or resorcinol-formaldehyde resin. The sugar solution contains glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose and/or lactose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The desiccant provided in dry layer consists of lime, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, soda lime, or phosphorus pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The seals provided in housing are made of rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ceramic-based filler is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen-boron nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum-nitride, silicon carbide, magnesium oxide, silica and talc. The metallic filler is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, nickel, tin, zinc, tungsten, stainless steel and iron. The carbon system filler is selected from the group consisting of graphite, graphene, carbon nanotube, carbon fiber, carbon black and diamond like carbon (DLC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron acceptor is chosen from fullerene, fullerene derivative, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube derivative and semiconductive compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polymer has number average molecular weight of 500-1000000 g/mol, and molecular weight distribution of 1-100. Preferred Composition: The photoactive layer contains electron donor and electron acceptor in weight ratio of 1:0.5-1:4. The electron donor includes polymer. The polymer further contains cyclic repeating unit chosen from units of formulae (1)-(16), and is of formula (II).b=1-4;c=1-6;d=1-8;e,f=1-3;X1-X3=CR'R", NR', O, SiR'R", PR', S, GeR'R", Se or Te;Y1-Y4= CR', N, SiR'P or GeR';R',R",R1,R2=R;p=1-10000;l,m,n,o=0-1;l+m+n+o=1;andM1-M3=direct bond, monocyclic or polycyclic optionally substituted divalent heterocyclyl or monocyclic or polycyclic optionally substituted divalent aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Vacuum microwave heating is performed for 30-50 minutes. Longitudinal stretching is performed at 20-45 N, and transverse stretching is performed at 15-30 N.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Water is deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of light-emitting agent and photosensitizer is (1-300):1. The molar ratio of water and benzene-type solvent is (1-10):1. The molar ratio of water and surfactant is (1-10):1. The benzene solvent is toluene or xylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: P-type core is formed of gallium arsenide (GaAs), and n-type shell is formed of aluminum gallium arsenide (AlxGa1-xAs). Substrate contains silicon and graphitic layer. Distal end of nanowire has anti-reflection coating. Each of the nanowire structures is coated in transparent conductive oxide (TCO). The device further contains planar TCO contact above the nanowire structures.x= less than or equal to 0.2.Preferred Parameters: P-type core is sufficiently heavily doped to maximize quasi-Fermi level energy splitting, maximize built-in electric field of nanowire structure, extend absorption spectrum of nanowire structure, and/or maximize diffraction and/or reflection of sunlight inwardly in the core. Doping density of p-type core is greater than or equal to 1018 cm-3, preferably 1019 cm-3. N-type shell is sufficiently lightly doped to maximize depletion region in n-type shell and/or minimize carrier-carrier scattering. Doping density of n-type shell is less than or equal to 1017 cm-3, preferably 1016 cm-3. N-type shell has thickness of 20-50 nm, preferably 30 nm. Diameter of p-type core is sufficiently large to maximize spectrum overlap between incoming solar spectrum and optical propagation modes of the nanowire. Diameter of p-type core is greater than or equal to 300 nm, preferably 400 nm. Length of nanowire is sufficiently large to absorb deep-penetrating spectral components of incoming solar spectrum. Length of nanowire is restricted to minimize hole pile ups. Length of nanowire is 5-7 mu m, preferably 6 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Insulating polymer is disposed between planar TCO contact and nanowire structures.