TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The low melting-point metallic member is formed from tin, bismuth-cadmium alloy, bismuth-lead alloy, tin-silver alloy, tin-silver-bismuth-indium alloy, tin-silver-copper alloy, tin-silver-copper-bismuth alloy, tin-silver-copper-bismuth-indium alloy, tin-silver-copper-cobalt-nickel alloy, tin-silver-copper-antimony alloy, tin-silver-nickel-cobalt alloy, tin-bismuth alloy, tin-bismuth-silver alloy, tin-bismuth-cadmium alloy, tin-bismuth-indium alloy, tin-bismuth-lead alloy, tin-bismuth-lead-cadmium alloy, tin-bismuth-lead-cadmium-indium alloy, tin-bismuth-lead-indium alloy, tin-bismuth-zinc alloy, tin-copper alloy, tin-copper-nickel alloy, tin-copper-nickel-phosphorus-germanium alloy, tin-cadmium alloy, tin-indium alloy, tin-lead alloy, tin-lead-cadmium alloy, tin-zinc alloy and tin-antimony alloy. The metal electrode is formed from metal selected from nonferrous metal containing a noble metal and base metal. The nonferrous metal is selected from nickel, copper, tin, aluminum, titanium, chromium, manganese, zinc, silver, gold, tungsten, platinum, lead, molybdenum and beryllium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The layered element is formed with the positive temperature coefficient composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The insulating resin is resin selected from a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of palladium in impregnation supporting process (I) is 50-95%, with respect to total load of palladium. The amount of palladium in additional supporting process (II) is 5-50%, with respect to total load of palladium. A non-chlorine-type palladium compound acidic solution is applied as palladium supported at support process (I). The non-chlorine-type palladium compound basic solution is applied as palladium supported at support process (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin fiber is chosen from polypropylene fiber and polymethyl pentene fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The wet-laid nonwoven fabric is dry-processed by hot platen crimping system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reducing agent is made of sulfur dioxide. The first base is made of an alkali hydroxide. The second base is selected from a group consisting of a sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The litharge is heated to form a red lead. The process is carried out in a stainless steel container or an acid-resistant metal alloy container.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The process enables defining sulfuric acid to maintain pH. The lead salt is selected from a group consisting of acetate, a nitrate, formate, lactate, citrate, perchlorate and glycolate. The acid is selected from a group consisting of an acetic acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, glycolic acid, formic acid, citric acid and a lactic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyurethane-type composition further contains 1000 parts mass or less acid-modified polyolefin resin with respect to 100 parts mass components (A and B), and crosslinking agent chosen from carbodiimide crosslinking agent, oxazoline crosslinking agent, epoxy crosslinking agent, aziridine crosslinking agent, silane coupling agent, and titanium coupling agent. The battery exterior further has at least one design layer arranged in the arbitrary position outside the barrier layer, and protective layer arranged on outermost side. The binder composition comprising inorganic filler, organic filler and coloring agent is used for forming design layer and/or protective layer. Preferred Process: Each layer of battery exterior is adhered mutually by dry-lamination after coating the composition between layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The preparation of polyester further involves reacting aromatic dicarboxylic acid as a raw material component in addition to branched alkylene diol, 8-20C long-chain aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and aromatic tricarboxylic acid. Preferred Property: The polyester polyol has hydroxyl value of 2-30 mg potassium hydroxide/g. Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains hydroxyl group-containing aliphatic polycarbonate (C) as an essential component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heating element trace is formed of one of graphite, nickel, tin, silver, copper, or an alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises ball-milling the salt mixture prior to combining the multidentate ethereal solvent with the salt mixture and mixing the solvate. The mixing step is performed by stirring for a duration of at least 24 hours. Preferred Components: The salt mixture further includes a second salt. The second salt is lithium borohydride and/or sodium borohydride. The second salt is present at a molar ratio relative to magnesium tetrahydroborate of less than 10:1. The salt mixture further includes a third salt. The third salt has at least one of a lithium cation and a magnesium cation, and a fluorinated anion. The third salt is present at a molar ratio relative to magnesium tetrahydroborate of less than 10:1. The third salt is magnesium bis(trifluoromethano sulfonyl imide), magnesium(bis fluorosulfonyl imide), magnesium bis(tetrafluoroborate), lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and/or lithium tetrafluoroborate. Preferred Composition: The electrolyte composition is characterized by a lowest decomposition temperature. The lowest decomposition temperature is equal to or greater than at least one of the temperatures: 200 degrees C; and a temperature within 20 degrees C of the boiling point of the multidentate ethereal solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The multidentate ethereal solvent comprises glyme, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, polyethylene glycol or polyethylene oxide. EXAMPLE - 0.2755 g of Magnesium tetrahydroborate was mixed with 0.22 g of Lithium borohydride (molar ratio of 1:3). 4.8 ml of Polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether having a number average molecular weight of 500 Daltons was slowly added to the mixture and then vigorously stirred at room temperature for 48 hours to obtain an electrolyte composition as a highly viscous liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The monocrystaline photovoltaic solar cell is connected together in a bank of rows by aluminum strips.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The back plate, the support sheet and the front sheet are encapsulated using polyethylene terephthalate. The support sheet is laminated with the back plate using a polyethylene-vinyl acetate film. The UV resistant front sheet comprises a fluorine-based plastic i.e. ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pigment further contains 2-60 mol% aluminum with respect to metallic elements. The surface of the infrared-reflective black pigment is surface-treated with organic-type surface treatment agent(s) chosen from silicon, aluminum, zirconium, titanium, zinc and phosphorus. Preferred Properties: The black pigment has blackness (Lasterisk) of 29 or less, near-infrared reflectance of 40% or more, and acid resistance of 1000 ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass particles comprise glass component substance chosen from silica, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide, cadmium oxide, vanadium pentoxide, tin oxide, zirconia, and molybdenum trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organometallic compound contains metal alkoxide, a silicone resin, and an alkyl silazane compound, preferably metal alkoxide. The metal alkoxide contains silicon alkoxide and a silane coupling agent. The donor element contains phosphorus or antimony compounds, preferably phosphorus trioxide, phosphorus pentoxide or antimony trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicone resin contains dimethylpolysiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The shock absorbing element is formed with a shock absorption portion that is made of sorbothane (RTM: visco-elastic polymer), rubber or shock absorbing material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The device includes the PTC element that is made from a PTO composition that contains polymer system containing a primary polymer unit with a base polyolefin whose temperature range is measured according to ASTM D-1238.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive structure comprises electroconductive semiconductor layers (2,4) containing electroconductive organic material. The thiophene and its derivative(s) are chosen from 3-hexyl thiophene, 3-octyl thiophene, and 3,3-ethylene dioxythiophene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive organic structure comprises p-type conductive polymer. The p-type conductive polymer comprises monomers chosen from pyrrole, aniline, phenylene sulfide, and thiophene or its derivatives. The p-type conductive polymer comprises polymer more than decamer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A compound containing 3-mercaptopropyl trialkoxysilane of formulae (II) and (III) is mixed in alkaline aqueous solution. Then, the compound is heated and polycondensed. The metal ion of the obtained compound is replaced with hydrogen ion, in order to obtain polysilsesquioxane comprising sulfo-group containing structural unit (I). EXAMPLE - 0.614 g 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane was mixed with 2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. 2.041 g 30% Aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution was added to the mixture, and stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. 500 ml water containing acidic cation exchange resin was added to the mixture, and the powdery crude product was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The obtained aqueous solution was filter-separated, and cation exchange resin filtered off. The resulting aqueous solution was concentrated in rotating evaporator to 10 ml. Then, the concentrate was freeze-dried. The obtained product was added to 30 ml acetone, stirred for 12 hours, and pulverized finely using agate mortar. Then, isolation and drying in reduced pressure by filtration was carried out, in order to obtain 0.504 g sulfo-group containing ladder-type polysilsesquioxane, with yield of 91%. The one-dimensional structure sulfo-group containing ladder-type polysilsesquioxane had high weight average molecular weight of 6.8x 103, excellent solubility in solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Production of compound (A) further involves neutralizing the reacted mixture in the presence of lithium carbonate, performing filtration process, and isolating product by carrying out spray drying, evaporating solvent, crystallization, and/or lyophilization. The compound (A) is preferably prepared by reacting lithium phosphate with phosphoryl fluoride. Preferred Properties: The solubility of compound (A) in organic solvent is more than 1 g/L in ambient conditions. The crystalline lithium difluorophosphate shows two strongest peaks at angle (2( theta )) of 22.6 plus minus 0.2 degrees and 27.3 plus minus 0.2 degrees in X-ray powder diffraction pattern. The crystalline lithium difluorophosphate shows four strongest peaks at angle (2( theta )) of 19.9 plus minus 0.2 degrees , 20.6 plus minus 0.2 degrees , 22.6 plus minus 0.2 degrees , and 27.3 plus minus 0.2 degrees in X-ray powder diffraction pattern.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chosen from diether and polyether, preferably diether. The diether is 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, preferably mixture of palladium acetate and tri-o-tolylphosphine having molar ratio of 1:4-8 or mixture of thirty-two benzyl acetone dipalladium argon and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl having molar ratio of 1:4-8, and molar ratio catalyst:styrene-containing compound is 1:20-1:100. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and/or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Conditions: Heck coupling reaction temperature is 90-120 degrees C, and reaction time is 36-48 hours. Preferred Processes: Separation and purification are performed by adding methanol into reaction solution, precipitating, filtering, extracting with methanol and n-hexane through Soxhlet extractor, extracting solvent with chloroform, collecting chloroform solution, spin-drying to obtain powder, collecting, and drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours under vacuum condition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, preferably mixture of palladium acetate and tri-o-tolylphosphine having molar ratio of 1:4-8 or mixture of thirty-two benzyl acetone dipalladium argon and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl having molar ratio of 1:4-8, and molar ratio catalyst:pyrrolidine-containing compound is 1:20-1:100. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and/or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Conditions: Heck coupling reaction temperature is 90-120 degrees C, and reaction time is 36-48 hours. Preferred Processes: Separation and purification are performed by adding methanol into reaction solution, precipitating, filtering, extracting with methanol and n-hexane through Soxhlet extractor, extracting solvent with chloroform, collecting chloroform solution, spin-drying to obtain powder, collecting, and drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours under vacuum condition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, preferably mixture of palladium acetate and tri-o-tolylphosphine having molar ratio of 1:4-8 or mixture of thirty-two benzyl acetone dipalladium argon and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl having molar ratio of 1:4-8, and molar ratio catalyst:oxygen-containing compound is 1:20-1:100. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and/or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Conditions: Heck coupling reaction temperature is 90-120 degrees C, and reaction time is 36-48 hours. Preferred Processes: Separation and purification are performed by adding methanol into reaction solution, precipitating, filtering, extracting with methanol and n-hexane through Soxhlet extractor, extracting solvent with chloroform, collecting chloroform solution, spin-drying to obtain powder, collecting, and drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours under vacuum condition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid comprises 15-30 pts. wt. polyethylene glycol, 5-15 pts. wt. fatty alcohol, 5-15 pts. wt. triethanolamine, and 13-17 pts. wt. additives. The additive comprises carboxymethylcellulose, sodium dodecyl sulfate or polyhydric alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The ceramic material is barium titanate, strontium barium titanate, zirconium lead titanate, magnesium niobium lead zirconate titanate, or titanium dioxide. The energy storage composite material is prepared by mixing 5-25 wt.% of seawater and epoxy resin, adding ceramic material powder having grain diameter of 20 nm to 3 mu m, stirring the mixture, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion, adding the curing agent and hydantoin epoxy resin to the obtained mixture, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion at 5-20 degrees C, centrifuging and cleaning the reactant, drying, crushing the obtained product, and then cast molding. The mass ratio of the curing agent and the hydantoin epoxy resin is 1:20-1:8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ratio of hydantoin epoxy resin and ceramic material is 1:50-1:3, preferably 1:20-1:4. The volume fraction of the resin in the ceramic material is less than 5-65%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oil extraction solvent used for extracting the oil is selected from a group consisting of volatile alcohol oxide of methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, hydrofluorocarbon, diethylether, dioxane, ethers including hexane, heptane, chlorinated hydrocarbon of hydrocarbon, methylene chloride, dichloroethylene, 1,1,1- trichloroethylene, the carbon tetrachloride and the trifluoride ethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electric conduction glue is selected from gold, silver, copper, gold nickel, silver-plated nickel or silver plated copper. The electric conduction line is set with plating layer made of soldering tin, tin lead alloy, lead tin silver alloy, tin bismuth alloy or tin in lead silver alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrodes of solar energy battery component are made of thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin. The adhesive is selected from ethylene-acetic acid ethylene copolymer, polyolefin resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic acid resin or organic silicone resin. The point electrode or linear electrode is coated with silver paste, electric conduction polymer or electric conduction glue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The front encapsulant and back encapsulant are made of a material selected from silicone resin, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate or polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating film is formed by using inorganic coating agent including silica sol and colloidal particle, acid catalyst, colloidal silica, distilled water, and alcohol. The coating film is formed by combining transition metal and colloidal silica in titanium dioxide particles surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silica sol is tetraethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sealing material is made of ethylene vinyl acetate. The base material is a plastic material. The plastic material is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene or polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coating film is formed from inorganic coating agent like tetraethoxysilane, silica sol, colloidal particle, acid catalyst, colloidal silica and alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The coating film is formed from silicone resin or silica layer and photocatalytic oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is bistriphenylphosphine palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, organic palladium, phosphine ligand and/or an organic mixture. The catalyst and (A) have a molar ratio of 1:20-1:100. The organic palladium is palladium acetate or dipalladium trisbenzylidine acetone. The phosphine ligand is tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexyl-2',6,-dimethoxy biphenyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises providing a 2,6-bis(trimethylstannyl)furo(2,3-f)benzofuran-4,8-diol compound of formula (A) and 4,7-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (B1) having a molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 in the absence of oxygen, adding a catalyst an organic solvent to the mixture, performing Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 60 hours, stop reaction to obtain a reaction liquid, separating the reaction liquid and purifying. Preferred Method: The method comprises adding methyl alcohol into a reaction container, precipitating, extracting using a Soxhlet extractor, filtering using a filter to obtain a filtrate, adding n-hexane to the filtrate, extracting the mixture to obtain organic phase, extracting the organic phase using chloroform as a solvent, collecting chloroform solution, and spin drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours under vacuum. The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed i.e. 5,6-difluoro-4-(5-(2-methyl-4,8-dioctoxy-furo(2,3-f)benzofuran-6-yl)-2-thienyl)-7-(5-methyl-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole compound of formulae (Ia)-(Ie) eg.(Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first coating layer includes metal oxide selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc-tin oxide, titanium oxide, and niobium oxide. The second coating layer and fourth coating layer include material that is selected from silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide and silicon-aluminum mixed oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The third coating layer includes silicon nitride, and silicon aluminum nitride. The second coating layer and fourth coating layer include material that is selected from silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide and silicon-aluminum mixed oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic particles include titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium phosphate, silica, alumina, talc and/or kaolin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent is benzyl alcohol, 2-aminoethanol, 2-amino-piperazine, propylene carbonate, methyl benzonate, polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 2-ethylhexyl diglycol, methyl polyglycol, N-methyl formamide, benzyl glycol, benzyl diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl acetamide, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and/or dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether. The fluorine-based surfactant is perfluoroalkyl carboxylate, perfluoroalkyl sulfonate, perfluoroalkyl sulfate, anionic fluorine-containing surfactant, a perfluoroalkyl phosphate, cationic fluorine surfactants containing a perfluoroalkyl amine salts, perfluoroalkyl quaternary ammonium salts, perfluoroalkyl carboxymethyl betaine, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic amphoteric fluorine-containing ionic surfactants, fluorinated alkyl polyoxyethylene and/or nonionic fluorinated surfactant comprising perfluoroalkyl polyoxyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition.: The compound (I) is 2-vinyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline and/or 2-isopropenyl-5-ethyl-2-oxazoline. The fluorine group-containing monomer is vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylene, perfluoromethylvinylether, perfluoroethyl vinyl ether, perfluoro(ethylvinylether), perfluoropropylvinylether, perfluorohexyl vinyl ether, perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole and/or perfluoro-2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The oxazoline group-containing polymer comprises oxazoline group-containing monomer and/or homopolymer of oxazoline group-containing monomer, and oxazole compound of formula (I). The crystallization fluoropolymer comprises fluorine group-containing monomer and/or homopolymer of fluorine group-containing monomer.R1-R4=H, halo, alkyl or aryl;andR5=hydrocarbyl having unsaturated bond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The floating body layer is made by polyethylene, expanded polyethylene or ethylene vinyl acetate foam sheet. The filter layer is a biochemical cotton filter made of polyurethane. The earth insulation layer is made of polypropylene nonwoven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first lead unit and the second lead unit are formed from nickel or stainless material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive terminals are made of material selected from a group consisting of titanium copper alloy, Cu-Ni-Si alloy and Phosphor bronze. The top part of the contact portion is plated with gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating housing is made of Nylon or Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: In the multi-layer coverglass: the top layer and bottom layer are attached to each other to form a sheet, where the sheet covers an entire surface of an array of the solar cells; and the bottom layer has a thickness of 5 mil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conducting material is selected from a group consisting of silver, copper and/or aluminum. The other conducting material is selected from a group consisting of silver and/or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material is made of a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride. The sealing frame is made of two monomer components or fiber-reinforced plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio of catalyst which is bistriphenylphosphinepalladium dichloride and tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium and 1,5-dithia-s-indacen-4-yl derivative (A) is 1:20-1:100. Catalyst is palladium acetate and tri-o-tolylphosphine mixture with molar ratio of 1:4-8, or bistriphenylphosphinepalladium dichloride and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy biphenyl mixture with molar ratio of 1:4-8. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and/or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Conditions: Stille coupling reaction temperature is 90-120 degrees C, and reaction time is 24-48 hours. Preferred Process: Separation and purification is carried out after stopping reaction, precipitating reaction solution with methanol, filtering, successively Soxhlet extracting with methanol and n-hexane, extracting with chloroform until solvent is colorless, collecting chloroform solution, spin drying to obtain powder, and vacuum drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio of alkaline solution which is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium bicarbonate solution and base is 20:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio of catalyst which is bistriphenylphosphinepalladium dichloride and tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. Catalyst is palladium acetate and tri-o-tolylphosphine mixture with molar ratio of 1:4-8, or bistriphenylphosphinepalladium dichloride and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy biphenyl mixture with molar ratio of 1:4-8. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and/or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Conditions: Suzuki coupling reaction temperature is 90-120 degrees C, and reaction time is 36-60 hours. Preferred Process: Separation and purification is carried out after stopping reaction, precipitating reaction solution with methanol, filtering, successively Soxhlet extracting with methanol and n-hexane, extracting with chloroform until solvent is colorless, collecting chloroform solution, spin drying to obtain powder, and vacuum drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filler mixture comprises 35 pts. wt. granite, 12 pts. wt. magnetite, 4 pts. wt. coal, 2.5 pts. wt. carbon, 4 pts. wt. malachite, 4 pts. wt. zeolite, 9 pts. wt. Mount Morris pumice, 17 pts. wt. carboniferous stone, 8 pts. wt. plaster, 9 pts. wt. talc powder, and 11 pts. wt. silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The radically polymerizable polyether (A) is of formula (I).m1=1-7000;m2=0-7000;n=1-14000;m1/(m1+m2+n)=0.0005-0.8;R1=H or methyl;R2=1-6C hydrocarbyl;andR3=H or 1-20C hydrocarbyl.Preferred Properties: The mass mean molecular weight of the radically polymerizable polyether (A) is 1000-200000. The thickness of the film is 0.1-2000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The battery contains oxide compound comprising nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese dioxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, sulfur oxide and radium oxide, and chemical composite comprising carbon, ink liquid, carbon black, graphite, glue and/or pigment. Preferred Composition: The battery contains salt compound comprising 34 g sodium salt, 105 mg calcium salt per 100 g, 50 mg potassium salt and 150 mg magnesium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The battery uses pigment comprising natural coloring matter, plant pigment or organic pigment, and uses a construction material, a wall material, a thermal storage material, a heat insulating material, glass, plastics, silicone, rubber, vinyl and timber to an exterior side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: In sensing nitroaromatic electron accepting compounds using the photovoltaic sensor, the photovoltaic sensor is an organic diode operated in photovoltaic mode. Production of the measurable baseline photovoltaic output is due to inefficient separation of charges of the organic diode operated in photovoltaic mode. The subject material is comprised of one or more nitroaromatic electron accepting compounds. A measurably small baseline level of photovoltaic output in response to the illumination of a wavelength within an absorption spectrum of organic materials occurs in the absence of a nitroaromatic electron accepting compound in the subject space. The photovoltaic output measurably greater than the baseline photovoltaic output occurs when one or more nitroaromatic electron accepting compounds is present in the subject space. The photovoltaic sensor produces an increase in photovoltaic activity due to more efficient charge separation in the presence of an electron accepting compound. The light source is a 470 nm light source which illuminates the subject space through the glass substrate side to excite an active polymer layer of the photovoltaic sensor. The analyte vapor contains 1,4-dinitroebnzene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The refractive optical element is formed of silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The flame retardant is inorganic hydroxide, and/or polymer/inorganic nanomaterial. The weight ratio of inorganic hydroxide and polymer/inorganic nanomaterial is 1-1.2:1-3.5:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thickening agent is fumed silica, nano calcium carbonate, bentonite, silicon-based polyether or hydrogenated castor oil. The silane coupling agent is ( gamma )-(2,3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, ( gamma )-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ( gamma )-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-( beta )-(aminoethyl)-( gamma )-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-( beta )-(aminoethyl)-( gamma )- aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-( beta )-(aminoethyl)-( gamma )-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-( beta )-(aminoethyl)-( gamma )-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, phenylaminomethyltriethoxysilane, phenylamino-methyltrimethoxysilane, aminoethylamino-ethylamino-propyl-trimethoxysilane, ( gamma )-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, ( gamma )-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, ( gamma )-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and/or ( gamma )-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic polyurethane film comprises 100 pts. wt. silanized thermoplastic polyurethane particles, 5-10 pts. wt. silane coupling agent, 10-20 pts. wt. simethicone, 5-8 pts. wt. thickening agent, 40-50 pts. wt. flame retardant and 1-2 pts. wt. catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The intermediate layer is set between polyethylene terephthalate layers. The bottom layer is set between ethylene-vinyl acetate layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): 4,8-Di-thiophen-2-yl-2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene derivative of formula (A) and 2,6-dibromo-anthraquinone compound of formula (B) are subjected to Stille coupling reaction in presence of organic solvent and catalyst under oxygen-free environment at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, separated and purified, to obtain anthraquinone group-containing polymer (I). Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution. The molar ratio of alkali solution and carbazole compound (II) is 20:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. The molar ratio of catalyst and carbazole compound (II) is 1:20-1:100. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The carbazolyl-containing polymer is obtained by mixing carbazole compound of formula (II) and quinoxaline compound of formula (III) in the molar ratio of 1:1-1.2, adding resultant mixture to solution containing catalyst, organic solvent and alkaline solution, performing Suzuki coupling reaction of resultant mixture at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, polymerizing, cooling, filtering and purifying resultant product by extracting using n-hexane and chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The organic hybrid solar cell further has flexible substrate provided on conductive substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive substrate is indium-tin oxide thin-film substrate, aluminum-zinc oxide thin-film substrate or indium-zinc oxide thin-film substrate. The negative electrode is chosen from aluminum, silver and gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The light-absorbing material is obtained by mixing methylamine and hydroiodic acid, drying resultant mixture, adding methylammonium iodide, lead iodide and organic solvent, mixing and coating resultant solution on hole-transport layer. Preferred Composition: The light-absorbing material (I) is preferably chosen from methylammonium triiodideplumbate, methylammonium lead bromide, methylammonium diiodideplumbate chloride of formula: H3CNH3PbI2Cl or methylammonium diiodideplumbate bromide of formula: H3CNH3PbI2Br. The fullerene derivative is phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester, phenyl-71C-butyric acid methyl ester or indene-60C-bisadduct. The organic solvent is dimethylformamide or ( gamma )-butyrolactone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The flexible substrate is chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfone, polyethylene terephthalate alcohol ester and polycarbonate. The hole-transport layer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate, poly((9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(4,4'-(N-(4-butylphenyl)))) or phenyldithiazyl compound. The hole-blocking layer is 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 2,4,6-tris(biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine or diphenylbis(4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The polymerized monomer is of formulae (I)-(IV).R=alkyl or acyl;Ar1=one or more of 27 groups e.g. formulae (a)-(c);Ar2=one or more of 22 groups e.g. formulae (d)-(f);Ar3=one or more of 11 groups e.g. formulae (g)-(i);a-f=different site in the structural formula;R1-R3=H, F, CN, NO-2, ester, acyl, alkyl, aryl or their derivatives;R4, R6, R9=alkyl;R5=H, F, CN, NO2, ester, acyl, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, heterocyclic or their derivatives;X=H, F, Cl, Br or I; andR7, R8=H, F, CN, NO2, ester, acyl, alkyl, aromatic hydrocarbon or their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon material contains artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon and/or hard carbon. The protective gas is nitrogen, helium and/or argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing ionic liquid is chosen from imidazolium, pyridinium, quaternary ammonium and/or N-quaternary phosphonium-type ionic liquid, preferably N-alkyl imidazole, amine-functionalized ionic liquid, sulfonic acid-functionalized ionic liquid, hydroxyl-functionalized ionic liquid, cyano-functionalized ionic liquid, alkenyl-functionalized ionic liquid, ether-functionalized ionic liquid, benzyl-functionalized ionic liquid, carboxyl-functionalized ionic liquid, ester-functionalized ionic liquid and guanidine ionic liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode comprises nickel and/or manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus-containing compound is chosen from phosphate compound, phosphoric acid amide compound, and phosphazene compound, preferably phosphazene compound. The content of phosphorus-containing compound is 0.5-50 %mass. The phosphorus-containing compound is preferably compound chosen from compound of formulae (I) and (II).R1-R8=monovalent group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The high-molecular compound comprises polyacrylonitrile, poly(meth)acrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polysiloxane, and polyalkylene glycol. The content of high-molecular compound is 0.1-10 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light foil is aluminum foil, etched aluminum foil, copper foil or etched copper foil. The content of nano carbon material, nano metal powder, metal catalyst, binder resin and organic solvent is 5-15 parts mass, 15-25 parts mass, 0.2-0.8 part mass, 5-15 parts mass and 80-120 parts mass, respectively. The nano carbon material is chosen from graphene powder, conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, acetylene black, activated carbon powder and graphite powder. The nano metal powder is nano aluminum powder, nano nickel powder, nano silver powder, nano titanium powder, nano manganese powder, nano potassium powder or nano magnesium powder. The metal catalyst is nickel complex of salicylic acid or salicylic acid-ethylenediamine-Schiff base nickel complex. The protective gas atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere, helium atmosphere, neon gas atmosphere, argon gas atmosphere or krypton gas atmosphere. Preferred Properties: The particle size of nano carbon material and nano metal powder is 40-60 nm and 80-120 nm, respectively. The thickness of the conductive coating is 1-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is methyl ethyl ketone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder resin is novolac epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium hydrogen carbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, or a mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. The content of organic phosphine ligand is 4-8 times the content of organic palladium. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (i) is 1:20-1:100. The organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The quinoxaline group-containing polymer (I) is obtained by mixing 2,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-carbazole derivative of formula (i) and 5,8-dibromoquinoxaline compound of formula (ii) in the molar ratio of 1:1-1.2, adding catalyst, organic solvent and alkali solution, reacting the resultant product in anaerobic condition, then carrying out Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, separating the resultant product and purifying. Preferred Composition: The polymer comprises polymeric compound chosen from polymeric compounds of formulae (II)-(VI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The fastening ring is made of copper, iron or steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The tube allows the battery holder to be made of plastic or rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transistor includes polysilicon layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of the polymer comprises (i) adding imidazole groups containing amines or imidazole groups-containing amines and aliphatic amines in an equimolar amount or in a less amount with respect to the number of anhydride groups to anhydride groups containing oligomers or polymers and carrying out the polymer-analogous reaction, and (ii) adding alkyl halides in equimolar amount or in a less amount with respect to the number of imidazole groups. Preferred Components: The ionic groups are imidazolium groups, and the reactive group is anhydride and/or imidazole groups. The anhydride groups containing polymers are maleic acid anhydride-containing polymers. The imidazole groups containing amines are aminoalkylimidazole, preferably 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole. The aliphatic amines are alkylamines. preferably linear 2-12C alkyl amines. The halide ions resulting from the second step at the alkylimidazolium groups are replaced with the anionic group. Preferred Method: The method is carried out in solution or in melt at temperatures of 70-250 degrees C. Preferred Definitions:    A- = Br-, Cl-, I-, NO3-, (CF3CO2)-, (CH3CO2)-, (BF4)-, (PF6)-, (AlCl4)-, (CF3SO3)-,((CF3SO2)2N)-, (CF3CF2SO2)2N)-, (alkylC6H4SO3)- or (alkylPO4)-.    EXAMPLE - 0.01 mole Poly(butadiene-alt-maleic anhydride) was provided in a round-bottomed flask and was dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide and heated to the reaction temperature of 100 degrees C. Then 0.01 mole 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole was added to the reaction solution. The product was precipitated in diethyl ether, washed with n-hexane and dried in a vacuum oven to obtain a poltmer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anionic surfactant is stearic acid or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The preparation of polyurethane coating material further involves using 6-12 pts. wt. phenol formaldehyde resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The electric conduction agent A is carbon black super-p and electric conduction agent B is KS-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The n-type-semiconductor high molecular compound is directly synthesized by acrylation reaction of alkali metal and carboxylic acid in presence of mineral salt of palladium catalyst and phosphorus catalyst ligand.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The n-type-semiconductor high molecular compound has molecular weight of 10000 or more. EXAMPLE - 0.29 g N,N'-Bis(2-decyl-1-tetradecyl)-2,6-bis(4'-hexylthiophenyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide, 0.02 g 3,4-dimethylthiophene and 69 mg potassium carbonate were mixed together. 5.9 mg Tri-tertbutylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate, 6.1 mg pivalic acid, and 1.8 mg palladium acetate (II) were added to mixture in nitrogen atmosphere. 5 ml Spin-dehydrated N,N'-dimethylacetamide was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred, heated at 110 degrees C and reacted for 18 hours. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled, and methanol/diluted hydrochloric acid mixed solution was added. The precipitates were suction-filtered, and extracted using Soxhlet extraction for 24 hours using methanol. The resulting chloroform solution was concentrated, and poured into ethanol. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, and vacuum-dried at 80 degrees C for 8 hours, in order to obtain diaztetracyclo-hexadeca-pentaene-tetrone-repeating unit containing high molecular compound of formula (Ia). The obtained compound (Ia) had molecular weight of 59000, number average molecular weight of 29000, thermal decomposition start temperature of 389 degrees C, band gap of 1.50 eV at absorption edge wavelength of 826 nm, and oxidation-reduction potential of -0.4 V.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the application layer is 5-200 nm. The melting sub-peak temperature of the vapor deposition film is 200-240 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The polyester of polyester film is polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene-2,6- naphthalate. Preferred Layers: The inorganic thin film laminated film further comprises an undercoating layer on the application layer surface side of vapor deposition film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Rare earth metal complex is represented by formula (L1)mM(L2)n (4).L1=ligand (1) or (2);L2=anionic ligand of formula (5), or (6);M=rare earth metal ion;m=1 or 2;n=positive integer corresponding to valence of rare earth metal ion M;Ra, Rc, Rd=1-20C (cyclic) monovalent hydrocarbon or 1-20C monovalent heterocyclic substituent containing N, S, and/or O in ring structure; andRb=H, 1-20C (cyclic) monovalent hydrocarbon or 1-20C monovalent heterocyclic substituent containing N, S, and/or O in ring structure, provided that H atom bonded to Ra-Rd is substituted by F atom. Preferred Definitions:    M=Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ce, Pr, Nd, Er, Tm, Yb, or Y.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous scaffold material consists of porous gamma-alumina, porous silica, mobile crystalline material-41 (MCM-41), aerogel silica, zeolite, porous carbon, activated carbon, carbon aerogel, template porous carbon, zeolite template carbon, mesoporous carbon and/or metal-organic frameworks.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymer layer has crosslinked structure derived from water-soluble crosslinking agent chosen from carbodiimide-type crosslinking agent, oxazoline-type crosslinking agent, isocyanate-type crosslinking agent and epoxy-type crosslinking agent. Preferred Property: The median diameter of olefin-type lubricating agent is 2 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The olefin-type lubricating agent contains olefin resin having ethylene unit and/or propylene unit. The base film contains polyester, polyolefin, polyamide and/or polyphenylene ether. The fluorine resin contains chlorotrifluoroethylene unit. The polymer layer contains 6-30 parts mass olefin-type lubricating agent with respect to 100 parts mass fluorine resin. Preferred Process: An intermediate layer (14) containing resin comprising fluorine atom and silicone-acryl unit is formed between base film and polymer layer. Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of olefin resin in olefin-type lubricating agent is 3000-10000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises adding toluene and benzophenone into a bottle, stirring the mixture, raising the temperature to 120 degrees C, distilling and evaporating the toluene, mixing monomer 4,8-di-thiophen-2-yl-2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene monomer of formula (AA), 3,6-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydro-pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4-dione monomer of formula (BB), 4-(4-bromo-cyclopenta-1,3-dienyl)-7-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole monomer of formula (CC), and benzene monomer of formula (DD) in a container, then quickly vacuumizing, adding mixed monomer AA and palladium catalyst, then quickly vacuumizing, heating the mixture under oil bath, sealing the mixture for 48 hours, cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, then adding methyl alcohol, separating out black solid, filtering the precipitate using a filter paper, and performing Soxhlet extracting process with methyl alcohol, n-hexane and chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal electrode layer is made of silver, gold, copper and aluminum. The electronic transmission layer is made of zinc oxide and titanium oxide. The middle connecting layer is made of oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide and vanadium pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electronic transmission layer is made of (9,9-di (3 '-(N, N-dimethyl amino) propyl) 2, 7 fluorene)-2, 7-(9, 9-diyls).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electronic transmission layer is made of ethoxylated copolymer of polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyester film has 5% expansion time stress of 100 MPa or more and breaking point stress of 240 MPa or more along longitudinal direction and width direction. The thermal contraction rate of polyester film along longitudinal direction is 2.5-8%, when heat-processed at 200 degrees C for 10 minutes. Preferred Component: The solar cell protective film further consists of a fluorine resin application layer formed on surfaces of the polyester film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hardening agent comprises polyisocyanate compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The gloss value (60 degrees ) of surface of coating layer is 5-10, based on JIS Z8741-1997. The area ratio of cavity with respect to cross-sectional area of coating layer is 5-80%. A weatherproofing layer containing transparent resin is further laminated on surface of coating layer. The average formation of cavity per 10 mu m2 is 5-10. Preferred Composition: The resin is acrylic resin and/or urethane resin. The coating layer further contains hardening agent. The sealing material contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-type resin or polyethylene-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The front surface of clothing body is set with: a LED lamp on frontside, and connected to the battery; an universal serial bus plug, connected to the battery; and a tool socket on its lower back.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises: (a) heating 2,7-dibromo-fluorene, 4-(2-chloroethyl) morpholine hydrochloride and potassium hydroxide in an inert atmosphere under reflux and recrystallizing the crude reaction product to obtain ethylmorpholine substituted dibromofluorene monomer; (b) reacting an alkyl bromide with 2-isopropyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3, 2-dioxaborinane in the presence of a palladium catalyst to obtain a cyclic monomeric borate compound; and (c) reacting the ethylmorpholine substituted dibromofluorene monomer, and cyclic monomeric borate compound under inert gas protection, cooling the reaction product, drop-wisely adding an oil layer to a non-polar solvent to obtain a precipitate, extracting the precipitate to give a neutral conjugated polymer and sulfonating the polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, or mixture of an organic palladium ligand and an organic phosphine ligand in a molar ratio of 1:2-1:20. The molar ratio of the catalyst and (IA) is 0.0001-0.05:1. The organic palladium ligand is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), and the organic phosphine ligand is tris(o-methoxyphenyl)phosphine. The inert gas is nitrogen and/or argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises (a) mixing a 5,8-bis-(5-trimethylstannanyl-thieno(3,2-b)thiophen-2-yl)-2,6,7-trithia-1,3-diaza-trindene compound of formula (IA) and 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole (IB) in a molar ratio of 1.1-1.5:1 under an inert gas atmosphere, and (b) adding an organic solvent and a dissolved catalyst to the mixture and performing Stille coupling reaction ay 60-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, followed by separating and purifying. Preferred Process: The separation and purification steps comprise distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure from the Stille coupling reaction mixture, dropping methanol for sedimentation, filtering and then washing with methanol, after drying passing the product through an alumina column chromatography using chloroform as eluent, removing the organic solvent, subjecting the resulting solid to Soxhlet extraction apparatus with acetone and then filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride. The catalyst is a mixture of an organic palladium and an organic phosphine ligand at a molar ratio of 1:2-20. The organic palladium is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organic phosphine ligand is tris(o-methoxyphenyl)phosphine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises providing a 2-bromo-5,9-dihydro-3-thia-5,9-diaza-cyclopenta(a)-s-indacene compound of formula (A1) and a 1,3-bis(5-trimethylstannyl-2-thienyl)selenopheno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione compound of formula (B1) at a molar ratio of 1:1.1-1.5 under an inert gas atmosphere, uniformly mixing, adding an organic solvent and a catalyst to the mixture, uniformly stirring the mixture, performing Stille coupling reaction at 60-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, separating the reacted mixture, and purifying. Preferred Method: The separation and purification steps comprise performing Stille coupling reaction in the presence of a reaction solution and an excessive solvent, evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure, dropping methanol to the reacted mixture, filtering the mixture, washing the filtered mixture using methanol, drying the washed mixture, separating the dried mixture using column chromatography, leaching the separated mixture in chloroform, removing the organic solvent, steaming the mixture to obtain a solid product, performing Soxhlet extraction using acetone to obtain an extract, leaching the extract in methanol, and uniformly stirring. Preferred Components: The catalyst and (A1) are present at a molar ratio of 0.0001-0.05:1. The inert gas atmosphere is nitrogen and/or argon. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide or toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: E. adenophorum is edulcorated by washing with water. Ultrasonic vibration, mechanical agitation, or homogenizer is used for mixing. Preferred Compositions: Addition amount of diesel oil is 70-87 mass% of R. alismatis red stem.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Emulsifying agent is Span (RTM: Sorbitan fatty acid ester) series, Tween (RTM: Polysorbate) series, potassium oleate, sodium oleate, or sodium dodecyl sulfate, compounded emulsifying agent is Span series, Tween series, potassium oleate, sodium oleate, and/or sodium dodecyl sulfate, emulsifying agent and compounded emulsifying agent have hydrophilic-lipophilic balances of 6-9, and addition amount of emulsifying agent or compounded emulsifying agent is 3-20 mass% of R. alismatis red stem.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The non-woven fabric layer is made of an inorganic fiber i.e. ceramic fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The non-woven fabric layer is made of an inorganic fiber e.g. boron fiber and metal fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-woven fabric layer is made of regenerated fiber i.e. polylactic acid fiber. The non-woven fabric layer is made of a synthetic fiber e.g. polypropylene fiber, polyester fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, nylon fiber, polyethylene fiber, rayon fiber, polyurethane fiber and polymer fiber, and a slice material e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester and nylon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Extender pigment comprises 5-15 pts. wt. talcum powder, 1-2 pts. wt. heavy calcium carbonate, 1-3 pts. wt. barium sulfate, and 5-10 pts. wt. silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Auxiliary agent contains 0.1-1 pt. wt. dispersant, 0.1-1 pt. wt. wetting agent, 0.1-1 pt. wt. de-foaming agent, 0.1-1 pt. wt. flatting agent, and 0.1-1 pt. wt. film-forming auxiliary agent. Acrylic emulsion is pure single-component aqueous acrylic emulsion with 45-48% solid content. Colored pigment is outer wall red, red iron oxide, outer wall orange, cadmium orange, titanium-nickel yellow, titanium-chromium yellow, lightfast yellow, yellow iron oxide, outer wall yellow, chromium green, cobalt green, phthalocyanine green, cobalt blue, ferrochrome brown, and/or titanium-chromium pigment. Wetting agent is alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether with 100% solid content, and de-foaming agent is mineral oil mixture with 100% solid content. Flatting agent is modified nonionic hydrophobic polyurethane flatting agent with 30% solid content, and film-forming auxiliary agent is 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate. Preferred Parameters: Acrylic emulsion has viscosity of 1-6 Pa.s, pH of 7.5-9.5, and minimum film-forming temperature of 23 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Dispersant is aqueous sodium polyacrylate solution with 45% solid content.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Parameters: Hollow glass microsphere has particle diameter of 2-85 mu m, true density of 0.4 g/cm3, and compressive strength of 28-33 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Titanium pigment is rutile titanium dioxide which is prepared through chlorination, and amount of titanium dioxide is greater than or equal to 91%. Preferred Parameters: Titanium pigment has oil absorption of 17 g/100 g, and pH of 7.5-9.5 in aqueous suspension.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Complementary color pigment is Palio black root and outer wall red or iron oxide red, permanent violet and iron oxide yellow, titanium-chromium yellow or iron-nickel yellow, phthalocyanine blue and outer wall orange or chromium orange, cobalt-aluminum blue and outer wall orange or chromium orange, or chromium green or phthalocyanine green, and outer wall red or iron oxide red. Weight ratio of 2 complementary color pigment is 3:7-97:3. Acrylic emulsion is pure single-component aqueous acrylic emulsion with 45-48% solid content. Wetting agent is alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether with 100% solid content. De-foaming agent is mineral oil mixture with 100% solid content. Flatting agent is modified nonionic hydrophobic polyurethane flatting agent with 30% solid content, and film-forming auxiliary agent is 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate. Preferred Parameters: Acrylic emulsion has viscosity of 1-6 Pa.s, pH of 7.5-9.5, and minimum film-forming temperature of 23 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Dispersant is aqueous sodium polyacrylate solution with 45% solid content.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor nanometer oxide thin film layer is made up of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal plate used in battery is made up of titanium plate, stainless steel, silver, tin, aluminium and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor nanometer oxide thin film layer is made up of sulfonic acid, carboxyl, hydroxyl or amidogen carbonyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electric conduction plastic used in battery is transparent polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive thermoplastic resin composition further contains polyvinyl chloride resin. The content of acid-modified polyolefin resin with respect to 100 %mass polyvinyl chloride resin and acid-modified polyolefin resin is 35 %mass or more and less than 100 %mass. The electroconductive thermoplastic resin composition further contains 34-38 %mass plasticizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total content of pigment (A) and diketopyrrolopyrrole-type red pigment (B) with respect to 100 wt.% content of black adhesive bond layer is 3-30 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The black adhesive bond layer is formed from adhesive agent containing polyisocyanate compound (D), and resin (C) having hydroxyl group. Preferred Composition: The film comprises white film (2-1) containing white pigment, extender or foam, or transparent film ((2-2)-a), and white adhesive bond layer or white coating layer ((2-2)-b). The white film (2-1) or transparent film ((2-2)-a) is polyester film. The resin (C) is acrylic resin (C1). The acrylic resin (C1) is acrylic resin (C11) having (meth)acryloyl-type double bond. The non-light-receiving surface side sealing agent layer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer filler layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin pellets are olefin-type resin pellets, preferably low-density polyethylene resin pellets having a density of 0.935 kg/cm3 or less. The liquid is silicone oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): A compound having dioxo pyrrole condensed ring of formula (V) and a compound having dithieno condensed ring of formula (VI) are reacted in the presence of a catalyst, and copolymer is produced.Y'=halo.Preferred Composition: The copolymer further contains pyrrole-containing structural unit of formula (IV).A2=A1;andR6=R3. EXAMPLE - 269 mg 1,3-Dibromo-5-(n-octylphenyl)-4H-thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-(5H)-dione, 200 mg 4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,6-bis(trimethyl tin)-dithieno(3,2-b:2',3'-d)silole, 200 mg 4,4-bis-n-octyl-2,6-bis(trimethyl tin)-dithieno(3,2-b:2',3'-d)silole, 18.6 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, 14.3 ml toluene, 24.2 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and 3.6 ml N,N-dimethylformamide were added to a flask and stirred at 100 degrees C for 10 hours. 14.3 mL Toluene was added to the reaction liquid, diluted and heat-stirred for 0.5 hour. 0.4 ml Trimethyl(phenyl)tin was added and heat-stirred for 2 hours. 4 ml Bromobenzene was added and heat-stirred for 8 hours. The reaction solution was poured into methanol, precipitated, filtered and purified by silica gel column chromatography. The solution was concentrated and recrystallized to produce copolymer having weight average molecular weight of 201000 with yield of 72%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler material contains particles having average value of major axis diameter and minor is 5-5000 nm and including primary particles having ratio of major axis diameter and minor axis diameter of 2 or less, or particles having minor axis diameter of 10-1000 nm and including primary particles having ratio of long axis diameter and minor axis diameter of 3 or more. The filler material is fine fiber having fiber diameter of 10-1000 nm, silica particles, metal oxide particles or spherical polymer particles having particle size of 10-5000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The composite sheet material has gas permeability resistance of 30-500 seconds/100 cc when fabric weight is 10 g/m2, and film thickness of 25 mu m or less. Preferred Composition: The cellulose microfibril contains cellulose including 95 wt.% or more alpha -cellulose. The cellulose microfibril is microfibrillated cellulose obtained using timber origin pulp, cotton origin pulp, hemp origin pulp, bamboo origin pulp, bagasse origin pulp and kenaf origin pulp as raw material. Preferred Process: Stock pulp of cellulose microfibril is purified such that alpha -cellulose content rate becomes 95 wt.% or more. The film thickness is reduced with respect to dried sheet material to 80% or less by calendar process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A metal alkoxide is compound of formula M(OR)n. Gas-barrier substances are silicon, titanium, tin, zinc, and aluminum, indium, magnesium, its oxide, nitride, compound, or mixtures.M=metallic element;R=alkyl; andn=oxidation number of metallic element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Content ratio of acetoacetyl modified polyvinyl alcohol (a) and ethylene modified polyvinyl alcohol (b) is 3:1-1:3. Coupling agent is compound of formula YMRm(OR)n-1-m. Organometallic compound is polyalkyl siloxane/acrylic acid ester copolymer. Organic-inorganic hybrid resin is compound of formulae M(OR)n' and YMRm(OR)n-1-m, and siloxane of formula R3SiO(R2SiO)pSiR3.Y=reactive functional group;M=metallic element;R=alkyl;n=oxidative number of metallic element;m=integer smaller than n-1 or 0; andp= greater than or equal to 0.Preferred Process: Surface treatment is chosen from vacuum plasma processing by argon gas, vacuum plasma processing by acetylene gas, glow discharge process which uses carbon target, glow discharge process which uses target of metal alloy which belongs to 4-12 group and easily adhesive coat
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Biaxially-oriented white polyester film has application layer with film thickness of greater than or equal to 230 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin base material consists of thermoplastic resin having transparency and flexibility. Preferred Process: During baking, titanium oxide paste layer is calcined at 150 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (b1) includes tin-doped indium oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, cerium oxide, zinc oxide, antimony oxide and/or their composite material. The thermal-insulation composition further contains a hydrolyzable silicon compound (C).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer (b2) contains polymer of a hydrolyzable silicon compound (b3) and vinyl monomer (b4) having secondary and/or tertiary amide group. Preferred Process: The polymer particles (B) is obtained by polymerizing components (b1), (b3) and (b4) in presence of water and an emulsifier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolytic salt includes ionic compound including anion chosen from hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate and boron-containing group of formula: (B(CN)4-p(R12)p)-, and an alkali-metal cation.R12=H, halo or 1-30C organic substituent;andp=0-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of structural unit obtained from the monomer (I) and structural unit obtained from the monomer (II) in the copolymer is 30-90/70-10. The battery material further contains electrolytic salt of formula: R10SO2N-SO2R11. The amount of electrolytic salt in the battery material is 1-80 %mass with respect to 100 %mass copolymer.R10,R11=F, CF3 or C2F5.Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of the copolymer is 5000-2000000. Preferred Definitions:    n=1-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The bibenzo(b)furan compound is a bibenzo(b)furan compound of formulae (III) or (IV).R1,R2,R11-R14=H, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, or hydrocarbyl or heterocyclyl (both optionally substituted);Y1-Y4=single bond or group chosen from groups of formulae (Y-1)-(Y-8), in which H of groups (Y-1)-(Y-8) is optionally substituted by fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, thiol, -NR4R5, or hydrocarbyl or heterocyclyl (both optionally substituted);Z1-Z4=single bond or group chosen from groups of formulae (Z-1)-(Z-21), in which H of groups (Z-1)-(Z-21) is optionally substituted by fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, thiol, -NR9R10, or hydrocarbyl or heterocyclyl (both optionally substituted);n,m=1-1000;X1,X4=S, O or NR3;k=1-4;R3=optionally substituted hydrocarbyl;R4-R10=optionally substituted hydrocarbyl;X2=S, NR6 or SiR7R8;X3=S, NR6, CR7R8 or SiR7R8;andX5=S, O or NR6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Manufacture of polyester further involves heat-melting oxalic acid diol ester and/or its low polymerization degree oligomer at 100 degrees C or more under reduced pressure, obtaining polyester liquid having intrinsic viscosity of 0.2 dl/g or more, performing melt-polycondensation reaction, obtaining polyester liquid having intrinsic viscosity of 0.5-0.85 dl/g, adding 50 %mass or more oxalic acid diol ester and/or its low polymerization degree oligomer, obtaining polyester liquid having intrinsic viscosity of 0.4 dl/g or less, adding 0.01-0.5 %mass silicone oil with respect to mass of polyester, and performing solid-state polymerization reaction. The vacuum degree of polycondensation reaction system maintained before and after the addition of oxalic acid diol ester and/or its low polymerization degree oligomer is 0.15 kPa or less and 80 kPa or less, respectively. Preferred Properties: The polyester has terminal carboxyl group content of 10 eq/ton or less, oligomer content of 0.5 %mass or less, and intrinsic viscosity of 0.5-0.85 dl/g, preferably 0.7-0.85 dl/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The damping layer and the absorbing layer include a material selected from metal nitride, metal carbide and metal carbon nitride. The anti-reflecting layer comprises a material that is one of silicon oxide and silicon nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hole transport layer further includes molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, vanadium oxide and/or tungsten oxide. The photosensitive device further comprises an electron transport layer configured such that the organic electron transport layer is disposed between the electron transport layer and the intermix layer. The electron transport layer comprises lithium fluoride, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tantalum pentoxide and/or zirconium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intermix layer and organic photoactive layer comprise a mixture of an n-type fullerene derivative and a p-type conjugated polymer, a mixture of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric-acid methyl ester PCBM (P3HT:PCBM), and a mixture of poly((4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethyl-hexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophenediyl)) (PTB7) and phenyl-C70-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM). The organic hole transport layer includes an organic p-type material and P3HT. The organic electron transport layer includes an organic n-type material, phenyl-C61-butyric-acid-methyl ester (PCBM). The photosensitive device further comprises a hole transport layer configured such that the organic hole transport layer is disposed between the hole transport layer and the intermix layer. The organic electron blocking layer includes an organic material selected from poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), and poly(2-methoxy-5-(3'-7'-dimethyloctyloxy))-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MDMO-PVV).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rubber layers are made of ethylene propylene diene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pipe is made from a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE) polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), Poly-4-methylpenten-1 (PMP), PVC, cycloolefin copolymers (COC), styrene/butadiene/styrene Bolckcopolymer (SBS), methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile/polybutadiene/Styrolpfropfcopoylmer (MABS), aromatic polyester (APE), polyester carbonates (PEC), cellulose propionate (CP), PTFE and poylethersulfon (PES).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The frame portion is made of stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The side portions are made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The diameter of inorganic oxide particles is 1-10000 nm. The inorganic oxide particles thin film has film thickness of 3-10 mu m. Preferred Composition: The inert gas is nitrogen gas. The inorganic oxide in inorganic oxide particles is titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate contains organic polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic element is monovalent metallic element chosen from lithium, sodium and potassium, or bivalent metallic element chosen from calcium, magnesium, manganese and cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The diol component (I) is 1,2-benzenedimethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of alumina particles having a particle size of 1 mu m or more in a volume conversion particle size distribution measured by image analysis method is 5 vol.% or less. Preferred Property: The alumina particles have an average circularity of 0.85 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal carbonate is selected from a group consisting of Lithium Carbonate, Sodium carbonate, Potassium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and Calcium carbonate. The electronically conductive support material is selected from a group consisting of metal carbide, metal nitride, semiconductor oxide and metal boride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binding agent is fluorinated polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, Nafion and PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water-absorbing layer has a thickness of 100-600 mu m. The weatherproof layer is at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, polyvinyl fluoride resin, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer resin, perfluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer resin, polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, thermoplastic fluorine-containing resin and/or aluminum foil, where the weatherproof layer has a thickness of 5-300 mu m. The first adhesive layer is a polyurethane adhesive, having a thickness of 3-25 mu m. The insulating layer is made of at least one polyethylene terephthalate, poly(butylene terephthalate), poly-diallyl phthalate, anodized aluminum sheet and/or polycarbonate, where insulating layer has a thickness of 150-300 mu m. The second adhesive layer is a polyurethane adhesive, having a thickness of 3-25 mu m. The water-repellent layer is at least one polyolefin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, epoxy resin, acrylic resin and/or silicone resin, having a thickness of 10-500 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermal conductive material is chosen from nano-aluminum nitride, nano-silicon carbide, nano-alumina and nano-ceramic powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersing agent is silane coupling agent or titanate coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The auxiliary liquid resin comprises thickener and/or anti-settling agent. The backboard resin component comprises polyurethane resin or polyester polyol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode comprises lithium-transition metal oxide of formula: LixMyMn2-yO4-zAz or (1-x')LiM'O2-y'Ay'.x'Li2-MnO3-y"Ay", where x is 0.9-1.2, y is 0-2, z is 0-0.2, A is monovalent or divalent anion, M is aluminum, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, vanadium, titanium, copper, boron, calcium, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, strontium, antimony, tungsten, titanium or bismuth, M' is MnaM"b, M" is nickel, titanium, cobalt, aluminum, copper, iron, magnesium, boron, chromium, zirconium or zinc, A is phosphate, borate, carbonate, fluoride or nitrate, x' is 0-1, y' is 0-0.02, y" is 0-0.02, a is 0.5-1, b is 0-0.5 and a+b is 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte is liquid electrolyte, solid polymer electrolyte or gel-polymer electrolyte. The pressing component is elastic component, preferably rubber component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangement: The pipe and battery container are electrically connected through connecting element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The connecting element comprises metal plate. The pipe comprises stainless steel, nickel, copper and aluminum. The anode comprises lithium-transition metal oxide of formula: LixMyMn2-yO4-zAz (I), or (1-x1)LiM'O2-y1A'y1.xLi2MnO3-y'A'y' (II) as anode active material, where M is aluminum, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, vanadium, titanium, copper, boron, calcium, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, strontium, antimony, tungsten, titanium or bismuth, A is -1-valent or -2-valent anion, x is 0.9-1.2, y is more than 0 to less than 2, and z is 0-0.2 (excluding 0.2), M' is MnaM"b, M" is nickel, titanium, cobalt, aluminum, copper, iron, magnesium, boron, chromium, zirconium, or zinc, A' is phosphate, borate, carbonate, fluoride, or nitrate, x1 is more than 0 to less than 1, y1 and y' are 0-0.02 (excluding 0), a is 0.5-1, b is 0-0.5, and a+b is 1. The cathode comprises carbon-based material as cathode active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode comprises lithium-manganese oxide complex of formula: LixMyMn2-yO4-zAz (I) or (1-x')LiM'O2-nA'n-xLi2MnO3-y'A'y' (II), as active material, where M is chosen from aluminum, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, vanadium, titanium, copper, boron, calcium, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, strontium, antimony, tungsten, titanium and bismuth, A is chosen from -1 and -2-valent anion, x is 0.9-1.2, y is 0-2 (excluding 0 and 2), z is 0-0.2 (excluding 0.2), M' is MnaM"b, M" is transition metal chosen from nickel, titanium, cobalt, aluminum, copper, iron, magnesium, boron, chromium, zirconium and zinc, A' is anion chosen from phosphate, borate, carbonate, fluoride and nitrate, x is 0-1 (excluding 0 and 1), n is 0-0.02 (excluding 0), y' is 0-0.02 (excluding 0), a is 0.3-1, b is 0-0.7, and a+b is 1. The anode comprises carbon-based material and/or silicon as active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of crown ether compound is 10-50 wt.% with respect to the total weight of the adsorption film. The crown ether compound comprises polyoxyethylene in molecule. Preferred Property: The absorption film has thickness of 0.1-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon-dioxide scavenger is soda-lime, amine-grafted zeolite, lithium-silica, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N-methyl-diethanolamine, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanol, epoxy compound, amine compound, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and/or strontium hydroxide. The cathode comprises lithium-transition metal oxide of formula: LixMyMn2-yO4-zAz or (1-x')LiM'O2-y'Ay'.x'Li2-MnO3-y"Ay", where x is 0.9-1.2, y is 0-2, z is 0-0.2, A is monovalent or divalent anion, M is aluminum, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, vanadium, titanium, copper, boron, calcium, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, strontium, antimony, tungsten, titanium or bismuth, M' is MnaM"b, M" is nickel, titanium, cobalt, aluminum, copper, iron, magnesium, boron, chromium, zirconium or zinc, A is phosphate, borate, carbonate, fluoride or nitrate, x' is 0-1, y' is 0-0.02, y" is 0-0.02, a is 0.5-1, b is 0-0.5 and a+b is 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of silicon is 1-100 nm. The average particle diameter of composite is 50-1000 nm. The average particle diameter of silicon monoxide is 1 mu m or less. Preferred Composition: The carbon precursor is chosen from high-molecular compound, coal-based pitch, petroleum-based pitch, mesophase pitch, coke, low-molecular heavy oil, and their derivative. Graphite is expanded graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinylidene fluoride resin (B) is homopolymer of vinylidene fluoride. The preferable content of monomer (a2) is 8-17 %mass. The content of component (A) in the resin composition is 15-75 %mass, preferably 19-40 %mass with respect to total amount of the components (A) and (B). The acryl-type monomer (a1) is alkyl methacrylate having 1-4C alkyl group. The monomer (a2) is chosen from benzotriazole-type monomer, benzophenone series monomer and triazine-type monomer, preferably benzotriazole-type monomer. Preferred Property: The ratio of haze value (%) of the film with respect to thickness ( mu m) of the film is less than 0.2%. Preferred Process: The resin (A) is obtained by suspension-polymerization of monomers (a1) and (a2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active material particles are particles of lithium transition metal oxide having layer structure or spinel structure and/or particles of phosphoric acid transition metal compound having olivine structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pendant group comprises functional group (A) which is carboxyl group or its salt and sulfonic acid group or its salt, and group interposed between functional group (A) and principal chain. At least one portion of pendant group is group interposed between functional group (A) and principal chain or hydrocarbon group, perfluorocarbon group, hydrocarbon group and group chosen from ester group, carbonate group and amide group, or perfluorocarbon group and group chosen from ester group, carbonate group and amide group. The functional group (A) is attached directly to carbon atom contained in the hydrocarbon group or perfluorocarbon group. The functional group (A) is group interposed between functional group (A) and main chain or hydrocarbon group, or hydrocarbon group and group chosen from ester group, carbonate group and amide group. Fluorine is bonded to carbon atom which is located in ( alpha )-position or ( beta )-position of functional group (A).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The positive mix layer further contains fluorine-type polymer having two or more pendant groups containing fluorine. The content of fluorine-type polymer with respect to 100 parts mass active material particles is 0.01-0.3 parts mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal precursor solution comprises: metal ion complexes; and amphiphilic molecules arranged between the metal ion complexes and having a lamella structure (100). The amphiphilic molecules of the lamella structure include outer layers (120) and inner layers (110) formed between the outer layers, and the metal complex ions are formed on the outer layers. The outer layers exhibit anionic charge, and the metal complex ions are cations. The hydrophilic functional groups of the amphiphilic molecules form the outer layers, and hydrophobic functional groups (210) of the amphiphilic molecules form the inner layers. The metal oxide includes zinc oxide, where step of forming the metal oxide includes forming zinc oxide having a hexagonal system, and single crystalline zinc oxide has the hexagonal system. The amphiphilic molecule comprises a 2-(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenoxy)ethanol compound of formula (I). The metal precursor solution includes zinc nitrate hexadrate, and the basic material includes hexamethylenetetramine. The zinc precursor solution comprises zinc complex cations, and amphiphilic molecules are arranged between the zinc complex cations. The lamella structure comprises outer layers including hydrophilic functional groups of the amphiphilic molecules, and inner layers formed between the outer layers and including hydrophobic functional groups of the amphiphilic molecules. The amphiphilic molecules include polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether.n = 5-15.Preferred Method: The second heat treatment is performed at 350-500 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The second disk has a size and a shape same as or similar to than that of the first disk, and the second disk is overlapped with the first disk from a planar view. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The unit portion of the support unit is formed of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal in the metal processing material is aluminum or its alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The said powder lubrication agent is preferably chosen from polyethylene wax, modified polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, and modified-polypropylene wax.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high-specific-surface area carbon is chosen from porous conductive carbon black, activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanofibers carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon material and modified carbon material. The sulfur is sublimed sulfur. The dopant acid used in preparation of composite material is chosen from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and sulfosalicylic acid. The concentration of dopant acid is 0.5-2 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of polymer monomer and initiator used in preparation of composite material is 0.8-1.2:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is chosen from polyacrylonitrile, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyacetylene, polyphenylene and polyphenylene vinylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tourmaline comprises iron tourmaline, lithium tourmaline and magnesium tourmaline. The coloring agent is selected from ceramic, enamel and glass synthetic pigment such as iron, titanium, manganese, chromium, nickel, cobalt, copper, chemical industry and non-ferrous smelting product. The shale comprises protein light shale stone, mud shale, iron shale and carbonaceous shale. Preferred Composition: The magnesium oxide and zinc oxide glass fluxing agent comprises 53-55 pts. wt. silicon dioxide, 21-23 pts. wt. aluminum oxide, 6.5-8.5 pts. wt. boron trioxide, 12-14 pts. wt. calcium oxide and 2.5-3.5 pts. wt. barium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The forming auxiliary agent comprises corn starch powder, dextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, tung oil and glycerin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The cover is formed from glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The receiving wall formed from a reflective material i.e. titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cover is formed from a polymeric material. The receiving wall formed from a polymeric material selected from a group consisting of polyethylene, polycarbonate and acrylic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer mesh is made of polyethylene, polypropylene and nylon based materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The photovoltaic device comprises cadmium telluride, chalcopyrite, kesterite and solid-state dye-sensitized perovskite material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photovoltaic device comprises Gallium arsenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The anti-deformation layer is formed from polyethylene terephthalate material. Electric conduction glue is selected from polymer adhesive such as epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin and organic silicon resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lithium salt layer is selected from one of lithium carbonate, lithium fluoride and lithium oxide. The phthalocyanine compound is selected from one of phthalocyanine copper, magnesium phthalocyanine, zinc phthalocyanine and vanadium phthalocyanine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hole buffer layer is made of poly-dioxyethylene-thiophene and polystyrene sulfonate mixture. The two active material layers are formed with poly-3-hexylthiophene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic flame-retardant compound is chosen from aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, molybdenum compound, antimony trioxide and antimony peroxide. The vanadium compound is chosen from vanadium(II) chloride, vanadium(III) chloride, vanadium tetrachloride, vanadium(II) bromide, vanadium(III) bromide, vanadium tetrabromide, vanadium(II) iodide, and vanadium(III) iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The flame-retardant compound is chosen from halogen-based flame-retardant compound, phosphorus-based flame-retardant compound and inorganic flame-retardant compound. The halogen-based flame-retardant compound is chosen from tetrabromobisphenol A, decabromodiphenyl ether, and chlorinated paraffin. The phosphorus-based flame-retardant compound is chosen from triphenyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, triisophenyl phosphate, tris-chloroethylphosphate, tris-chloropropylphosphate, resorcinol diphenyl phosphate, resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate), cresyl diphenyl phosphate, xylenyl diphenyl phosphate and isopropylphenyl phosphate. The core further comprises foaming agent chosen from azodicarbonamide, azobisisobutyronitrile, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dinitrosoterephthalate, 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide), 3,3'-sulfonyl bis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide), 1,1-azobisformamide, p-toluenesulfonyl semicarbazide, and barium azodicarboxylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating comprises thermoplastic resin and vanadium compound. The thermoplastic resin is chosen from polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, styrene-acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polychlorotrifluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode of electrode assembly comprises a lithium transition metal oxide of formula: LixMyMn2-yO4-zAz or (1-x')LiM'O2-yA'y-x'Li2MnO3-y'A'y', as positive electrode active material.M=element chosen from Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Ti, Cu, B, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sr, Sb, W, Ti and Bi;A=monovalent anion;x=0.9-1.2;y=more than 0 and less than 2;z=0 or more and less than 0.2;M'=MnaM"b;M"=element chosen from Ni, Ti, Co, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B, Cr, Zr and Zn;A'=phosphate anion, boron trioxide anion, carbon trioxide anion, fluoride anion or nitrate anion;x'=more than 0 and less than 1;y=more than 0 and 0.02 or less;a=0.5-1;b=0-0.5;anda+b=1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon dioxide scavenger is chosen from soda lime, amine-grafted zeolite, lithium silicate, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N-methyl diethanolamine, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanol, epoxy compound, amine compound, organocopper compound of formula: CuR1(PH3)2, zinc oxide, sodium-chromium pentacarbonyl hydride (Na(CrH(CO)5)), potassium-chromium pentacarbonyl hydride (K(CrH(CO)5)), lithium-chromium monocarbonyl hydride (Li(CrH(CO))), nickel phosphine compound, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and strontium hydroxide.R1=H or alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Condition: Hydrogen is discharged in an environment of 150 degrees C or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The alloy preferably contains 30-65 mol% copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The porous support has an average pore diameter of 100 mu m or less. The raw material of the support is PTFE or polysulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The water irrigation pipeline and the water pipe are unplasticised poly vinyl chloride pipe or polyethylene pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inorganic material of inorganic layer is chosen from silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, and aluminum nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Amount of ethylene-alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymer in resin is 5-100 mass%. Resin layer contains neither homopolymer of unsaturated carboxylic compound, nor a copolymer, but contains 0-95 mass% polyolefin. Weatherproofing layer consists of fluorine resin film. Base material is polyethylene terephthalate film or polyethylene naphthalate film. Preferred Parameters: Ratio of thickness of resin layer and thickness of inorganic layer is 200-10000. Resin layer has resin temperature of 190 degrees C and melt flow rate of less than or equal to 20 g/10 minutes at 2.16 kg loads. Water-vapor-permeation rate in temperature of 40 degrees C and 90% relative humidity is less than or equal to 0.1 (g/m2/day). Fall degree (A) of water-vapor-permeation rate at 40 degrees C and 90% relative humidity is less than or equal to 4. Fall degree (B) of water-vapor-permeation rate at 40 degrees C and 90% relative humidity conditions is less than or equal to 4. Light transmittance is greater than or equal to 80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The epoxy compound (A) is a fatty-acid glycidyl ester compound. The component (B) is an organic acid alkali metal salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ductility half life of film when cured at 121 degrees C and relative humidity of 100 %RH is 70 hours or more. The polyester film further comprises at least 2 layers in which at least one layer contains white pigment which is a rutile-type titanium dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The agent is present in the form an aqueous solution or suspension comprising water, the alkaline earth metal salt and at least one gel-forming agent. The gel-forming agent comprises a water absorbent polymer, and is present in an amount of more than 2 wt.%. The agent is prepared by impregnating the liquid absorber with a solution of the alkaline earth metal salt in at least one solvent and removing the solvent. The agent is a mixture of alkaline earth metal salt and the liquid absorber. The agent has a bulk density of 50-150 kg/m3. Preferred Components: The alkaline earth metal salt is a calcium salt, preferably calcium chloride salt comprising natural lime or calcium carboxylate salt. The alkaline earth metal salt is present in an amount of 5-15 wt.%. A weight ratio of the alkaline earth metal salt to the liquid absorber is 0.2:1-4:1. The liquid absorber comprises gelling agents, and/or mineral liquid absorbers. The liquid absorber comprises vermiculite, preferably expanded vermiculite. A surface of the liquid absorber is at least partially covered with the alkaline earth metal salt, where the liquid absorber comprises layer spaces, which partially contains the alkaline earth metal salt. EXAMPLE - Typical cleaning agent comprises: 10 wt.% of calcium chloride; and 3-87 wt.% of water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of curing agent and liquid silicone is 5 %mass and 95 %mass, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Active material (4) of negative electrode contains carbon, silicon, titanium and tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The combustion inhibitors (Y1,Y2) are chosen from phosphoric acid ester compound, amide phosphate compound and phosphazene compound. The combustion inhibitors (X1-X3,Y1 and Y2) are cyclic phosphazene compounds. The components (Y1,Y2) are cyclic phosphazene compound having amino group. The combustion inhibitor (X1-X3,Y1 and Y2) are 2,2,4,4,6-pentafluoro-6-methoxy-1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphinine. The nonaqueous solvent contains 20-80 vol.% dimethyl carbonate and/or ethylmethyl carbonate with respect to complete dissolution agent. The electrolyte solution further contains aromatic compound (A), halogen-containing compound (B), polymeric compound (C), phosphorus-containing compound (D), sulfur-containing compound (E), silicon-containing compound (F), nitrile compound (G), metal complex compound (H) and/or imide compound (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The special glass powder has particle diameter of 0.1-2.5 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is alcohol having boiling point of 180-300 degrees C, ether, or ester. The organic solvent is terpineol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, or dibutyl phthalate. The ratio of alcohol, ether and ester is 5-2:4-6:0.5-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises organic solvent, organic polymer and dispersant in a weight ratio of 1:3-6:1-5. The organic polymer is ethyl cellulose, acrylic resin or polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The UV stabilizer is hindered amine stabilizer. The coupling agent is titanate coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Graphene is prepared by reducing graphene oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent is chosen from fatty amine, alicyclic amine, aromatic amine, polyamide, anhydride, resin, tertiary amine, preferably aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic polycarboxylic acid anhydride, more preferably phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl anhydride, methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride, or nadic anhydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of graphene to epoxy resin is 0.5-2 %mass. The epoxy resin is bisphenol A-type epoxy resin or bisphenol F-type epoxy resin. The photovoltaic back plate comprises polyethylene terephthalate film or polyvinyl fluoride composite film, preferably polyvinyl fluoride composite film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The foil web has pore size of 80-100 mu m and thickness of 20-25 mu m. The thickness of manganese dioxide slurry spraying is 50-60 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The solar cell module has average reflexibility index of 85% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive filler comprises gold, silver, copper, nickel, iron and/or carbon black. The content of conductive filler is 0.1-40 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. primary adhesive layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polypropylene film layer comprises 60-95 pts. wt. isotactic polypropylene and 5-40 pts. wt. random copolymer of propylene and ethylene. Isotactic polypropylene is inflation polypropylene, cast polypropylene and/or biaxially oriented polypropylene. The primary resin film layer contains polyethylene terephthalate and/or polypropylene. The secondary resin film layer comprises polyethylene and/or polypropylene. Preferred Properties: The number average molecular weight of isotactic polypropylene is 80000-100000. The thickness of polypropylene film layer is 50-120 mu m. The thickness of secondary adhesive layer is 5-15 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises carrying out Suzuki coupling reaction of substituted 3,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)dibenzo(b,d)thiophene compounds of formula (II) with substituted 2,5-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)thiazolo(5,4-d)thiazole compounds of formula (III) in an organic solvent containing a catalyst and a base solution at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours under anaerobic environment, where the catalyst is an organic palladium compound or a mixture of organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand. Preferred Method: In the method, the reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours. The method further comprises adding methanol into obtain solid crude product, precipitating, filtering, washing with methanol and n-hexane, extracting with chloroform, and evaporating the solvent to obtain pure product of (I). Preferred Components: In the method, molar ratio of (II) to (III) is 1:1-1:1.2. The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), and the organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri(o-tolyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl. Molar ratio of organic palladium to organophosphorus ligand is 1:4-1:8, and molar ratio of organic palladium catalyst to (II) is 1:20-1:100. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The base solution is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate solution. Molar ratio of base solution to (II) is 20:1-50:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The porous ceramic is selected from one portion or all portion of the hydroxyl group of cellulose, methoxy group and/or hydroxyl alkoxyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device comprises a conductive polymer and an anionic material that is fixed in an electrode, where anionic material is polymer anion. The polymer anion is polycarboxylic acid, and the conductive polymer is polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The biaxially-oriented laminated polyester film contains a nonionic antistatic agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Biaxially-oriented laminated polyester film contains nonionic antistatic agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Metal oxide fine particles are fine particles of spinel-type zinc-cobalt (Zn-Co) oxide e.g. (ZnxCo1-x)Co2O4 or spinel-type cobalt-manganese (Co-Mn) oxide e.g. CoMn2O4, MnCo2O4, Mn(Mn0.25Co0.75)2O4, or (Mn0.5Co0.5)Co2O4.x=0.45-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Resin is an acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, ozone, metal salt or peroxide, preferably hydrogen peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The electroconductive polymer precursor is polymerized by irradiating light to the pigment after contacting the electroconductive polymer precursor with the photoelectric conversion layer in the presence an oxidizing agent. The wavelength of light irradiated is wavelength absorbed by pigment. Preferred Composition: The electroconductive polymer precursor is 5-(2H,3H-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxin-5-yl)-2H,3H-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxine and has repeating unit of formula (II).Y'=S, NR or O;R=H or optionally substituted alkyl;andZ1-Z4=H, halo, or 1-30C alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, 1-30C alkoxy, 2-30C polyethylene oxide group or 4-30C cyclyl compound-containing group (all optionally substituted).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The weight average molecular weight of m-LLDPE is greater than 200000 and 300000 or less. The weight average molecular weight of LDPE is greater than 250000 and 300000 or less. The molecular weight distribution of LDPE is larger than that of m-LLDPE by 1 or more. The Crystal mean diameter of the composition is 1 mu m or less. The temperature at which the storage elastic modulus of the composition is set to 100 kPa is 70-120 degrees C. The difference in temperature at which the storage elastic modulus of the composition is set to 30 kPa, and temperature at which the modulus reaches 100 kPa is 3.5 degrees C or more. The sealing film is formed by calender molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thin coating layer comprises metal fluoride or its derivative(s), resin having skeleton of polyvinyl alcohol containing hydroxyl group, or its copolymer resin, and substance which passivates the surface of aluminum foil. The thin coating layer and innermost layer of aluminum foil are attached through urethane-type adhesive agent, acid-modified polyolefin resin or epoxy group-containing polyolefin resin. Preferred Properties: The tensile rupture elongation of the laminated component in machine direction and transverse direction measured based on JIS K7127, is 50% or more, each. The thickness of the innermost layer is 20-50 mu m. The adhesiveness of the aluminum foil and the innermost layer measured using tearing-off measuring method based on JIS C6471 is 20 N/inch or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The poor solvent is chosen from 1, 8- diiodo octane, anisole, methyl benzoate, aniline, 1, 2- dibromo ethane, morpholine, N,N- dimethylformamide and N,N- dimethylacetamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises phosphoric acid compound of formula: R1-P(=O)(-OH)-OH (II) or R2-P(=O)(-OH)-H, preferably phenylphosphonic acid.R1,R2=alkyl, aryl or benzyl.Preferred Process: The oxalic acid compound component is obtained by transesterifying oxalic-acid alkylester and alkylene glycol at transesterification rate of 70-92%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The breaking elongation reduction-by-half time of the polyester film at 121 degrees C and at 100% RH environment, is 96 hours or more. The intrinsic viscosity of polyethylene terephthalate in the polycondensation reaction process of polyethylene terephthalate is 0.15-0.40 dl/g. Preferred Definitions:    X1,X2=methyl or ethyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of solvent (B) is 60-250 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass solvent (A).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of titanium oxide is 300-600 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass thermosetting resin. Preferred Properties: The thermosetting resin has weight average molecular weight of more than 500 to less than 50000. The composition has theoretical acid value of 10-20 mg potassium hydroxide/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Lithium ion battery sheath material has an adherence improvement process layer on surface of base material side of metal foil layer and is in contact with layer of thermoplastic resin (b). Preferred Parameters: Thermoplastic resin (a) has thickness of 1-50 mu m, and thermoplastic resin (b) has thickness of 0.1-5 mu m. Preferred Process: Base material layer, metal foil layer, or adherence improvement process layer is adhered by heat-processing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic layer is formed from one of aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and zirconium oxide. The adhesive layer is formed from silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rupture diaphragm is formed from polymer material i.e. polybutylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The fixing frame is made of metal i.e. stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickness of the: polyvinylidene difluoride thin film layer is 0.02-0.03 mm; weather-resistance glue layer is 0.012 mm; polyethylene terephthalate film layer is 0.188-0.25 mm; and ethylene-vinyl acetate film is 0.2-0.8 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of resins (A and B) is 99.99:0.01-90:10. The resin (A) is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The solar cell sealing material further contains silane coupling agent having double bond in a molecule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first charging electrode and the second charging electrode are made of electric conduction rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, antimony doped tin dioxide, fluorine doped tin dioxide, tin-doped indium oxide or conductive impurity doped titanium oxide. The regenerating composition comprises iodide ions and iodine. The second conductive layer comprises platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The dye-sensitized solar cell further comprises: the first conductive layer disposed on the first substrate; the barrier layer disposed on the first conductive layer; the titanium dioxide nanoparticulate layer disposed on the barrier layer; the titanium dioxide microparticulate layer disposed on the titanium dioxide nanoparticulate layer; the dye disposed on the titanium dioxide nanoparticulate layer and/or the titanium dioxide microparticulate layer; the second conductive layer disposed on the second substrate; and the regenerating composition disposed between the second conductive layer and the titanium dioxide microparticulate layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first and/or second substrates comprise a flexible polymer (preferred) or glass. The flexible polymer comprises poly(ethylene terephthalate) and/or poly(ethylene naphthalate). Preferred Definitions:    X3 = -CH2=CH2- or absent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide includes titanium, zirconium, strontium, zinc, indium, lanthanum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, niobium, manganese, aluminum, yttrium, scandium, samarium, cerium, ruthenium and/or gallium. The silica particles are surface-modified by an amine group. The carbon-metal hybrid oxide layer is nano patterned and comprises mesopore. The size of the silica particles is less than or equal to micrometer scale. The block copolymer includes triblock copolymer or diblock copolymer. The triblock copolymer and diblock copolymer comprises amphiphilic block copolymer. The photoelectrode further comprises photosensitive dye adsorbed on carbon-metal oxide hybrid nanostructure, and metal oxide nano-particles. Preferred Method: The method further comprises modifying the surface of silica particle by amine group. The carbonization step is carried out by calcining under inert gas atmosphere. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cathode active material is selected from a group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, vanadium, titanium, copper, boron, calcium, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, strontium, antimony, tungsten and bismuth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The slurry further contains pore-forming agent, dispersant, binder and organic solvent. The pore-forming agent comprises polystyrene and carbon pore-forming agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The high density fabric comprises glass fiber and carbon fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The low viscosity resin system comprises a dicyclopentadiene resin, a poly (butylene terephthalate) cyclized resin, a polycaprolactone resin and a polyester or vinylester. The composite material is characterized by an increase in fiber volume fraction in the range from 14 percentage to 16 percentage as compared to a spar cap prepared using an epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicon-containing unit is a unit having a repeating unit comprising a silicon atom, unit having structure selected from a polysiloxane structure, a polysilane structure, a polysilazane structure and a polycarbosilane structure. The silicon-non-containing unit is a unit having a repeating unit comprising no silicon atom, and unit having structure selected from an epoxy resin structure, a phenolic resin structure, a vinyl polymer structure, a polyamide acid structure, a polyimide structure, a polyamideimide structure and a polyurethane structure. The method further utilizes carbon material that is graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The electrolyte material powder is produced by sol-gel method, hydrothermal synthesis or solid phase method. The electrospinning is carried out for spinning the slurry by moving a nozzle using a syringe pump. In the step (d), the heating is carried out at 700-900 degrees C. Preferred Components: The electrolyte material is samaria doped ceria (preferred), gadolinium doped ceria, yttria-doped-ceria, yttria-stabilized zirconia, scandia stabilized zirconia, strontium and magnesium doped lanthanum gallate, barium zirconate, yttrium-doped barium zirconate, yttrium doped barium cerate, yttrium doped barium zirconate-cerate, lithium lanthanum titanate, lithium aluminum germanium phosphate, or lithium-titanium-aluminum-phosphate formula of (Li1+xTi2-xAlx(PO4) 3). The oxide electrode material is samarium strontium cobaltite (preferred), lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite, barium-strontium-cobalt-ferrite, lanthanum strontium cobalt, lanthanum strontium manganite, lanthanum chromium oxide, lithium-iron-phosphate, lanthanum manganese oxide, or nickel manganese cobalt. The weight ratio of the electrolytic material and oxide electrode material is 1: 9-9:1. The average diameter of fiber is 10-600 mm. The gel precursor is samarium strontium cobaltite containing samarium nitrate, rhodium strontium nitrate, strontium nitrate and polymer. The polymer is polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, polystyrene, nylon, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, polylatic acid, starch and/or chitosan. The syringe pump has flow rate of 0.5-10 ml/hour. The inner diameter of the nozzle is 0.1-1.0 mm. The distance between the substrate and the nozzle is 10-20 cm and, the applied voltage is 10-30 kv. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is selected from tetrahydrofuran, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, formamide, dimethylformamide, glycol ether, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate or their mixture. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The barriering contact bonding layer is made of one among epoxy resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer type-resin, polyamide-type resin, polyester-based resin, polyolefin resin, and silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fluorophenyl oxadiazole, diallyl bisphenol-A and catalyst ratio is 1:1:1.5-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aluminum base layer is high annealing-type aluminum foil having thickness of 30-70 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive resin layer comprises 85-95 wt.% polypropylene as substrate, 5-15 wt.% styrene maleic anhydride copolymer as active monomer, and 0.3 wt.% dicumyl peroxide as additive, and is prepared by extruding to 170-230 degrees C through multi-screw extruder. The polyester layer is polyethylene terephthalate having thickness of 5-20 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrically conductive adhesive is formed from a thermoplastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The additive comprises polyolefin, silicone masterbatch and antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the method, the molar ratio of (II) and (III) is 1:1-1:1.2. The organopalladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organo-phosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl. The molar ratio of organopalladium to organo-phosphorus ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organopalladium catalyst to (II) is 1:20-1:100. The alkali solution is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate solution. The molar ratio of solute in alkaline solution to (II) is 20:1-50:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises adding substituted 3,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)dibenzo(b,d)thiophene compounds of formula (II) and substituted 4,7-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2H-benzo(d)(1,2,3)triazole compounds of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 to an organic solvent containing a catalyst and an alkali solution under an anaerobic environment, and carrying out Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours to obtain (I), where the catalyst is an organopalladium or a mixture of organopalladium and organo-phosphorus ligand. Preferred Method: The Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours. The method further comprises adding methanol to the reaction solution, precipitating and filtering, sequentially extracting the resultant solid with methanol, n-hexane, and chloroform, then collecting chloroform solution and evaporating solvent to obtain (I). Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The packing density of nanostructure deposit is preferably 35-45%. The nanostructures have length of less than 200 nm. Preferred Composition: The nanostructures do not contain chromium oxide and/or chromium phosphate. The zinc ions are derived from zinc chloride, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, or dissolved zinc formed from zinc substrate, zinc-coated substrate, zinc alloy substrate, zinc alloy-coated substrate, and/or zinc electrode. The hydroxide ions are derived from sodium hydroxide, or cathodic reduction of oxygen, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, zinc nitrate, zinc hypochlorite, persulfate, or zinc acetate. The electrolyte is an aqueous solution comprising zinc chloride and hydrogen peroxide, zinc chloride, or hydrated zinc nitrate. The concentration of zinc chloride and hydrogen peroxide in the electrolyte is 35-45 mM and 20-40 mM, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal substrate is made from copper, stainless steel, galvanized steel, or zinc. The receiving surface of metal substrate contains copper, copper alloy, stainless steel, carbon steel, zinc or zinc alloy, or aluminum or aluminum alloy, preferably copper or stainless steel. The metal coating used during the manufacturing process is zinc coating, aluminum coating, zinc-aluminum coating, zinc-iron alloy coating, aluminum-zinc coating, zinc-aluminum-magnesium coating, or aluminum-silicon coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The material (A) is polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-sulfonic-acid-type organic compound is of formula (I) or (II). The non-sulfonic-acid-type organic compound is chosen from boro-disalicylate and boro-disalicylate salt. The monomer is 3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene.m=1-8;n=1-8;ando=2 or 3.Preferred Process: The dye-sensitized solar cell is formed by carrying out etching process by immersing base in a solution containing acid, and roughening the surface of the conductive layer formed on plastic film, preparing polymerization liquid containing monomer derived from thiophene that has substituents at the 3-position and the 4-position and anions which are generated from a non-sulfonic acid-based organic compound, using solvent comprising 80-100 %mass water and 0-20 %mass organic solvent, and introducing the base into the polymerization liquid and carrying out electrolytic-polymerization, and forming a conductive polymer layer by polymerizing the monomer on the conductive layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the conductive polymer layer is 10-500 nm. The root-mean surface roughness of surface of the conductive layer opposite to the conductive polymer layer is 6.5-20 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-platinum metal atom is a transition metal atom chosen from vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc and zirconium, preferably cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode further contains carbon compound as conductive additive and binder. The negative electrode has mixture of negative electrode active material, conductive support agent, and binder. The negative electrode active material consists of lithium, carbon, silicon-type compound, tin-type compound, aluminum-type compound and/or titanium-based compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolytic composition further contains an aprotic organic solvent chosen from at least one of ether and ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxy benzophenone is preferably 0.02-0.2 parts mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20-35 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The organic layer is a hole transport layer (103), hole injection layer or hole transport layer and hole injection layer at the same time, where the hole transport layer, hole injection layer or hole transport-hole injection layer is composed of (I). The organic layer is an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer or electron injection layer and electron transport layer at the same time, where the electron injection layer, electron transport layer or electron injection-electron transport layer is composed of (I). The organic layer comprises a photoactive layer, which is composed of (I). The photoactive layer comprises an electron donor material and an electron acceptor material, where the electron acceptor material is (I). The organic solar cell is electron donor material and electron acceptor material bulk hetero-junction type solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Definitions:    Cy = naphthalene, pyrene, anthracene, perylene, coronene, chrysene, phenanthrene or graphene.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 Compound (I) is disclosed i.e. 4-((6,6)-phenyl-C61)butyl acetate (Ia).    EXAMPLE - (6,6)-Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester was dissolved in toluene, 2 equivalents diisobutylaluminum hydride was added at -78 degrees C, and carried out reduction reaction at room temperature for 12 hours. Then the reaction was quenched at 0 degrees C using ammonium chloride solution, the reaction mixture was extracted and concentrated, and dried over magnesium sulfate to obtain 4-((6,6)-phenyl-C61)butanol. The obtained 4-((6,6)-phenyl-C61)butanol was acetylated in presence of triethylamine and acetic anhydride in toluene solvent, catalytic amount of IMAP was added, and reacted to obtain 4-((6,6)-phenyl-C61)butyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate comprises glass substrate, ceramic substrate, stainless steel substrate, polymer substrate and metallic board.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The back-surface electrode layer is comprised with silver, aluminum, molybdenum, nickel, copper, chromium, tungsten and brass. The light absorption layer is copper-indium-selenium, copper-indium-sulfur, copper-gallium-sulfur, copper-gallium-selenium, copper-indium-gallium-selenium, copper-indium-gallium and the copper-indium-aluminum-gallium. The grid electrode layer is comprised with platinum and gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The organic photovoltaic cell comprises a bulk heterojunction structure containing the photoelectric conversion layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer has at least one structural unit chosen from graphene of formulae (II) and (III). Preferred Properties: The polymer has polymerization degree of 2-1000, and molecular weight of 1500-4000000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition of resin layer (1) and resin layer (2) contains 1-40 parts mass white inorganic pigment with respect to 100 parts mass resin component. The resin composition of resin layer (3) contains styrene-conjugated diene block copolymer comprising 50-80 %mass conjugated diene and/or its hydrogenated substance. Preferred Properties: The thickness of resin layer (1), resin layer (2), and resin layer (3) is 1-50 mu m. The thickness of resin layer (4) is 10-300 mu m. The whole thickness of resin layers (1-4) is 13-450 mu m. The polyethylene-terephthalate resin film having thickness of 30-400 mu m is laminated on the resin layer (4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Arrangement: The organic layer further comprises hole-transport layer, hole-injection layer, electron-injection layer and electron-transport layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron donor monomeric unit (B) is chosen from substituted cyclic compound of formulae (II)-(XVI). The electron acceptor monomeric unit (C) is chosen from fused cyclic compound of formulae (XVII)-(XXIV). The photoactive layer is chosen from electron donor and electron acceptor chosen from fullerene, fullerene derivative, carbon nanotube, carbon nanotube derivative, basocuproin, semiconducting element and semiconducting compound.c=1-4;d=1-6;e=1-8;f,g=1-3;X1-X5=CRR', NR, O, SiRR', PR, S, GeRR', Se or Te;Z=CRR', O, SiRR', PR, S, GeRR', Se or Te;Y1-Y6=CR, N, SiR, P or GeR;andR10,R15,R,R'=R1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): The copolymer is obtained by reacting diphenylquinoxaline monomeric unit of formula (I), electron donor monomeric unit, electron acceptor monomeric unit (C), catalyst, end-capping reagent and solvent, precipitating and extracting. Preferred Composition: The copolymer comprises diphenylquinoxaline-containing repeating unit chosen from formulae (XXV)-(XXVIII).X1',X2'=X1;R13,R10',R11'=R1;l,m=0-1;l+m=1;h,i=1-3;andn=1-10000.Preferred Properties: The weight average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of copolymer is 500-1000000 g/mol and 1-100, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealant is formed of silicone, polychlroprene, butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer, EPDM rubber, polyurethane, polyisobutylene, styrene isoprene copolymers, styrene butadiene copolymers, epoxy resins, butyl rubber, fluorine containing elastomers, polyolefin elastomers, acrylic rubbers, polyester elastomers, polyamides, polyester amides and polyether amides and copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: In the photoelectric conversion material, the polymer has at least one structural unit selected from graphenes represented by Formulas (4) to (7). The polymer has a polymerization degree of 2-150, and a molecular weight of 1900-500000. Preferred Cell: The organic photovoltaic cell comprises a bulk heterojunction structure containing the photoelectric conversion layer where the photoelectric conversion layer contains a mixture of the electron donor and an electron acceptor for accepting an electron released from the electron donor. Preferred Definitions:    R1 to R8=an alkoxy group having 1-20 carbon atoms.    EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The substrate is glass substrate, organic resin substrate and/or metal substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal source is sodium source chosen from sodium carbonate, sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and sodium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glycol-based organic solvent is ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, 2,3-dibutylene glycol or glycerol. The composition further comprises solvent chosen from propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl lactate and butyl lactate. The composition contains 0.1-5 wt.% alkali metal source and 95-99.9 wt.% glycol-based organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickness of the aluminum foil layer, is 0.04 mm. The thickness of adhesive layer, is 0.005 mm. The thickness of PVDF thin film layer, is 0.025 mm. The thickness of PET film layer, is 0.03 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickness of the intermediate insulating layer is 10-500 m. The intermediate insulating layer is polyester film, nylon film or polyolefin film. The high thermal conductivity adhesive layer is polyurethane-based adhesive layer or acrylic adhesive layer, and the adhesive layer is internally filled with 1-60% thermally conductive particles, permeably alumina, silicon nitride and/or ceramic powder. The metal conductive layer is copper foil, nickel foil or aluminum foil. The weather resistance fluorine material layer is fluoropolymer film layer or fluoropolymer coating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The oligomer (I) or (II) is prepared:(A) adding 2-bromofluorene, 4-(2-chloroethyl) morpholine hydrochloride and potassium hydroxide under protection of inert gas, heating and refluxing, passing reaction crude product through silica gel column chromatography, crystallizing using petroleum ether re-crystallizing to obtain bromine substituted ethylmorpholine fluorene monomer;(B) reacting two ends of the monomer with alkyl bromide and 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane in presence of palladium catalyst to obtain intermediate product; and(C) reflux reacting intermediate product with boric acid ester under inert gas protection, cooling reaction product, and purifying to obtain the oligomer. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Compound (I) is specifically claimed as (Ia). Compound (II) is specifically claimed as (IIa).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon black has particle size of 200-2000 meshes. The carbon support material has particle size of 200-2000 meshes. The solvent is alcohol, acetone, or water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The bonding agent is epoxy resin or phenolic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand at molar ratio of 1:4-1:8. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride, tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium, palladium acetate, or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine, or 2-dicyclohexyl phosphorus-2',6'-dimethoxy biphenyl. The molar ratio of catalyst with organic palladium and compound A is 1:20-1:100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by mixing bithiophene-containing derivative of formula (A) and isoindigo-containing derivative of formula (B) at molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 under anaerobic condition, adding catalyst and organic solvent, and performing Stille coupling reaction. Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, preferably 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours. The method further comprises adding methanol, precipitating, filtering with methanol and n-hexane, extracting with chloroform, collecting chloroform solution, evaporating solvent, and purifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The composite braided-structure-like fiber system comprises braided components that is carbon fibers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoplastic synthetic material selected from a group containing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyamides, polylacetat, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene , polystyrene, polyether ether ketone, and polyvinyl chloride. The composite braided-structure-like fiber system comprises braided components selected from glass fibers or aramid fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reinforced fiber is carbon fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composite polyamide microparticles have decentralized structure in which domain containing thermoplastic elastomer resin as a main component dispersed in matrix containing polyamide as a main component. The content of thermoplastic elastomer resin is 0.1-50 vol.% with respect to total content of composite polyamide microparticles. The epoxy resin contains polyfunctional amine-type epoxy resin. The hardening agent comprises aromatic polyamine. The fiber reinforced composite material comprises hardened epoxy resin composition and reinforced fiber. Preferred Properties: The domain containing thermoplastic elastomer resin has average particle diameter of 0.05-50 mu m and sphericity degree of 80 or more. The composite polyamide microparticles have particle-size-distribution index of 1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The centrifugal pump is made of PVC plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating property protective layer is removed using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, triethyl phosphate, dimethylformamide, or dimethylacetamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The P-type organic semiconductor is a polythiophene derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthalocyanine derivative or a benzoporphyrin derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Unsaturated-bond containing compound of formulae (III)-(V) are reacted, to obtain cyclic compound (I).R1-R4=monovalent substituent;andR5-R8=monovalent substituent other than R1-R4. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R8=halo, triflate, tosylate or boryl.    EXAMPLE - 1296 mg Dibromo bithiophene, 1381 mg boronate ester, 231 mg palladium catalyst, 231 mg potassium carbonate, 40 ml tetrahydrofuran and 8 ml of water were added, heat-stirred, water was added, extracted using ethyl acetate, solvent was distilled-off, organic layer was filtered, dried with magnesium sulfate, and purified, to obtain 7-(10-(3,11-dithiatricyclo(6.3.0.02,6)undeca-1(8),2(6),3,9-tetraen-7-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracen-9-ylidene)-3,11-dithiatricyclo(6.3.0.02,6)undeca-1(8),2(6),3,9-tetraene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is halogen redox system electrolyte, ferrocene-ferricinium ion, metal oxide reducing agent electrolyte, alkylthiol-alkyl disulfide, viologen dye and organic redox electrolyte. The first electrode is transparent conductive oxide electrode comprising fluorine, antimony or arsenic doped tin oxide, indium-doped tin oxide, aluminum titanate and zinc oxide doped aluminum. The second electrode is transparent electrode comprising indium tin oxide, fluorine tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide-gallium oxide, zinc oxide-aluminum trioxide, and a catalytic electrode comprising a metal catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the compound (I), involves oxidizing a compound of formula (PHL)Ir(LX)(OH)w (II).LX=oxidation-resistant chelate ligand;PHL=placeholder ligand;w=0-3.Preferred Method: In the method (M2), the step of contacting is carried out in the presence of a chemical oxidant, an electrochemical potential, or electromagnetic radiation. In the method (M3), the conditions suitable to deposit iridium oxide include heat, electromagnetic radiation or strong acid. The iridium oxide is reduced to iridium metal. Preferred Components: The compound (II) is selected from ((PHL)Ir(LX)OH) and ((PHL)Ir(LX)). The placeholder ligand comprises pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp), cyclopentadienyl, phenylcyclopentadienyl, indenyl, (meth)allyl, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, 2,5-norbornadiene, cyclooctene, ethylene, and carbon monoxide. The substrate comprises allotropes of carbon, metal oxide, mixed-metal oxide, or conductive polymers. The allotrope of carbon is selected from carbon fiber, glassy carbon, carbon wool, graphene, amorphous carbon, and nanotubes. The metal oxide and/or mixed metal oxide is a conductive oxide. The conductive oxide is tin-doped indium oxide (ITO). The metal oxide and/or mixed metal oxide is a photocatalytic oxide. The photocatalytic oxide is selected from titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and tungsten trioxide. The monolayer is physically and chemically stable. The catalyst retains its catalytic activity. The oxidizable substrate is water. The oxidizable substrate contains an oxygen-hydrogen, carbon-hydrogen, and/or nitrogen-hydrogen bond, where the oxygen-hydrogen, carbon-hydrogen, and/or nitrogen-hydrogen bond is oxidized. The oxidizable substrate is a halide ion and organic waste material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of lithium hydride and malononitrile is 2:1. The specific solvent is a mixed solvent (A) of anisole and N-methylpyrrolidone in a mass ratio of 20:1-2:1. The addition amount of mixed solvent (A) is 10-50 times the amount of malononitrile. The extracting agent is ethanol, isopropanol, diethyl ether, propyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dioxolane, water, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, toluene, or xylene. The solvent (B) is anisole, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, dichloroethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, water, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, or tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The transformation process involves precipitating polymer, washing, adding solvent (B), stirring, filtering insoluble material to obtain perfluorosulfonyl bisnitrile amine lithium polymer electrolyte concentrate, coating obtained concentrate on substrate, forming film, drying, adding extracting agent, and vacuum-drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon-halogenide precursor is chosen from silicon tetrachloride, silicon tetraiodide, silicon tetrabromide, and silicon tetrafluoride, preferably silicon tetrachloride. The porous silicon structure includes several pores distributed in an ordered distribution. The silicon-halogenide precursor is mixed with external template. Preferred Properties: The porous silicon structure includes several pores having size of 1-200 nm, and the pore size is governed by the size of at least one external template. The porous silicon structure has total pore volume of 0.86-2 cm3.g-1, surface area of 220-700 m2.g-1, and average pore size more than 20 nm. Preferred Process: The production of porous crystalline silicon does not involve contacting silicon-halogenide precursor, silicon-salt matrix, and/or porous silicon structure with hydrofluoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The alkaline metal alloy is chosen from sodium-potassium alloy, sodium metal, and sodium naphthanide, preferably sodium-potassium alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During production of porous crystalline silicon, the reduction process is carried out using toluene solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Enzyme is chosen from cellobiohydrolase, beta -glucosidase, endoglucanase, and hemicellulase. Lignocellulose raw material is chosen from conifer chip, broadleaf tree chips, bagasse, rice straw, maize stalk and leaf, palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), chaff, palm husk, coconut shell, papers, and algae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Aliphatic polyhydric alcohol with 2-6 valence is aliphatic polyhydric alcohol with valence of 2-3 such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol and glycerol. Solvent contains acid or base. Usage-amounts of aliphatic polyhydric-alcohol solvent are 2-40 mass times with respect to solid content of saccharification residue. Preferred Process: Heat-processing liquid which contains lignin degradation product is obtained by heat-processing in aliphatic polyhydric-alcohol solvent with valence of 2-6 containing an acid. Lignocellulose raw material is pre-processed by pulverization process or hydrothermal treatment before carrying out saccharification process with enzyme. Preferred Parameters: Heat-processing temperature is 40-300 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The solid-state battery device further has a covering enclosing the electrolyte material in spatial region within hermetic sealed region. The covering is a pouch comprising laminated polymer and metal structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The electrolyte material has thickness of 2-30 microns. The porous cathode material has thickness of 1-100 microns. Preferred Composition: The current collector structure comprises mesh structure containing metal material. The metal material is stainless steel or nickel material. The oxygen bearing source is air or other oxygen environment. The electrolyte material has polycrystalline structure. The current collector region further comprises copper, nickel, stainless steel and/or tungsten, or materials coated with copper, nickel, stainless steel, and/or tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: CdS-Ag2S quantum dots are prepared by mixing PAA and Cd(NO3)2, adjusting pH to 9.8, adding thiourea, reacting at 70 degrees C for 3 hours to obtain CdS quantum dots, mixing with MPA, adding PAA, reacting at 70 degrees C for 1-3 hours to obtain MPA-modified CdS quantum dots, and adding AgNO3 solution. Preferred Parameters: CdS-Ag2S quantum dots have emission wavelength of 760 nm. Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio of PPA and Cd(NO3)2 is 6-10, and molar ratio of Cd(NO3)2 and thiourea is 1-3. Molar ratio of PAA and CdS is 6-10, and molar ratio of CdS and MPA is 1-9. Molar ratio of CdS and AgNO3 is 0.5-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer pipe is connected to the faucet on a formal end to supply the cold water to the collector.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The phase change material is high density polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The wavelength conversion layer is made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The wavelength conversion layer is made of resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The modules are made of polypropylene, polyethylene high-density, polyethylene raised temperature, PVC, Polyvinylidene fluoride, glass-reinforced plastic or polyamides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangement: The lithium-ion battery further has insulating sheet embedded in glue layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The glue layer comprises 50-60 %mass polydimethylorganosiloxane, 0-2 %mass silicon dioxide, 35-50 wt.% aluminum hydroxide and 0-2 %mass polyfunctional silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert gas included sulfur hexafluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The insulated flame-retardant liquid has flashpoint of 135 degrees C or more, freezing point of 45 degrees C or less and volume resistivity of 1x 104 Omega .cm or more. Preferred Composition: The insulated flame-retardant liquid comprises silicone oil or transformer oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode further contains carbon particles. The electrolyte is organic electrolyte containing sodium ion, or solid electrolyte or polymer electrolyte capable of sodium ion transmission.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Emulsifier is mixture of perfluorinated and non-fluorinated surfactant. Initiator is selected from dialkyl peroxide, peroxyneodecanoate, perfluoro peroxide or potassium persulfate. Curing agent is aliphatic isocyanate curing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The secondary battery has a pressure-sensitive unit for detecting pressure rise inside battery and interrupting electric current. The positive electrode electric potential is 4.25 V or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active material of positive electrode contains nickel and/or manganese. The negative electrode is chosen from carbon negative electrode, silicon-containing negative electrode and titanium-containing negative electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ester compound is of formula (II). The content of ester compound is 0.1-10 %mass. The electrolyte solution further contains an aromatic compound (A), a halogen-containing compound (B), a polymeric compound (C), a phosphorus-containing compound (D), a sulfur-containing compound (E), a silicon-containing compound (F), a nitrile compound (G), a metal complex compound (H) and imide compound. The ester compound is a gas forming agent, which generates gas at the time of overcharge.R5=H or monovalent substituent;R6=R2;R7=R3;R8-R11=H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl;andn=0-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polysilsesquioxane silsesquioxane resin is of formulae (I)-(III). The epoxy resin is bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, biphenyl type epoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene type epoxy resin, phenol novolac epoxy resins, cresol formaldehyde epoxy resin, bisphenol A type epoxy, and/or phenolic alicyclic epoxy resin. The curing agent is 4, 4-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 3,3-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, and/or dicyandiamide. The accelerator is 2-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, and/or 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenyl-imidazole.R=epoxy, thiol, phenyl, or methyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primary weatherproof layer and secondary weatherproof layer are formed using powder-type paint containing 55-70 wt.% poly(meta-phenylene)resin material, 6-10 wt.% cured crosslinking agent, 1-2 wt.% anti-aging agent, 10-15 wt.% leveling agent and 10-20 wt.% rutile-type titanium white powder. Poly(meta-phenylene)resin is poly(diallyl isophthalate) having molecular weight of (2-13)x 104, preferably (6-9)x 104. The polyethylene terephthalate film layer has water vapor transmission rate of less than 20 g/m2.24 hours. The thickness of polyethylene terephthalate film layer, primary weatherproof layer and secondary weatherproof layer is 250-350 mu m, 60-80 mu m and 25-35 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antistatic agent contains metal oxide fine particles. Preferred Property: The metal oxide fine particles have primary particle size of 100 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aqueous antifouling coating agent further contains a catalyst which stimulates condensation of siloxane oligomer, a component (C2) having ionic surface activity, a component (C3) having nonionic surface activity, and an organic compound having molecular weight of 1100 or more. The content of component (C2) and organic compound with respect to the total mass of the aqueous antifouling coating agent is 1 %mass or less and 0.2 %mass or less, respectively. The carbon content in the total solid contained in the aqueous antifouling coating agent is 3 %mass or less. Preferred Properties: The antifouling coating layer has surface resistance of less than 1x 1012 Omega /square, water contact angle of 40 degrees or less in the surface, and average integrating sphere transmittance of 95% or more at wavelength of 300-1200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer is obtained by copolymerizing monomer containing organic group which has condensed nitrogen-containing heterocyclic skeleton or thienothiophene skeleton, and heteroaromatic compound. EXAMPLE - 8.7 mmol 4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaene-2,8-dithiol was dissolved in 50 ml dimethyl sulfoxide, 3.6 g potassium carbonate was added, and stirred, to obtain reaction mixture. 5.1 g 3-(2-methoxyethoxy) propyl bromide was added to reaction mixture, stirred at room temperature, extracted with diisopropyl ether, cleaned with water, and subjected to solvent distillation using hexane and ethyl acetate, to obtain 2.3 g 2,8-bis(((3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl)sulfanyl))-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaene with yield of 54%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor quantum dot comprises compound containing element chosen from 2-group element, 11-group element, 12-group element, 13-group element, 14-group element, 15-group element, and 16-group element, and a compound containing indium as structural component, preferably carbon-indium-phosphorus/zinc sulfide ((C) InP/ZnS) compound, copper-indium-disulfide/zinc-sulfide (CuInS2/ZnS) compound, silver-indium-disulfide (AgInS2) compound, a solid solution comprising (zinc sulfide/silver-indium-disulfide)/zinc sulifde ((ZnS/AgInS2)/ZnS) compound, zinc doped silver-indium-disulfide compound, and an silicon compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photo acid generating body comprises oxime sulfonate compound of formula (II).RB1 = alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl (all optionally substituted). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating liquid for porous layer optionally contains water-soluble resin or rubber-type resin as a binder component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: The manufacture of silicone-sealed solar cell module is carried out by forming silicone cured films (X) and (Y) by leaving an outer peripheral portion on single side of each of front surface and back surface of hard panel, and arranging butyl rubber-type thermoplastic adhesive having thickness of more than the silicone cured film, on non-formation portion of the panel. The heating process is carried out under reduced pressure at 70-150 degrees C. The pressing process is carried out in vacuum laminator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cured film (X) of organopolysiloxane composition (I) is silicone gel having penetration of 20-200. The cured film (Y) of organopolysiloxane composition (II) is silicone gel with a penetration of 200 or less, or silicone rubber with durometer type A hardness of 70 or less. The thickness of the silicone cured film is 200-1000 mu m. The hard panel is substrate formed using white-board thermally-tempered glass or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali solution is solution of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydride, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lithium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyelectrolyte solution comprises quaternary onium salt, or poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride). The quaternary onium salt is of formula (I) or (II), preferably quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary phosphonium salt or quaternary sulfonium salt. The acidic group is carboxyl group, phenolic hydroxyl group, sulfonic acid group, benzenesulfonic acid group, or phosphoric acid group.at least one of A=N, and other is O or S;at least one of B' and E=N, and other is P or S;D'=phenylene or methylene;X1-,X2-=negatively charged halo ion or other negatively charged ion;R1,R2=H or hydrocarbyl;R3,R4=hydrocarbyl;m,n=0-10;andp=3 when B' is N or P, or 2 when B' is S.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The concentration of aramid nanofiber dispersion is 1x 10-3% to 8%. The porous polyolefin film is porous polyethylene film and/or porous polypropylene film. The aramid nanofiber is metal-aramid nanofiber, para-aramid nanofiber or aramid molecular chain containing silicon hetero atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of hole blocking layer and metal electrode is 0-20 nm and 70-390 nm, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The material of hole blocking layer includes calcium, lithium fluoride and/or cesium carbonate. The metal electrode contains aluminum, gold and/or silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of perovskite-type light absorbing layer and organic matter-containing layer is 100-500 nm and 30-200 nm, respectively. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of donor material and acceptor material is 1:0.5-1:6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent electrode comprises fluorine-doped indium tin oxide-coated glass substrate, aluminum-doped zinc oxide-coated glass substrate or polyethylene terephthalate flexible substrate. The material of hole transport layer includes poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate), graphene oxide, and/or metal oxide of formula: NiOx or VOx, where x is 1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the graphene negative electrode layer, titanium dioxide-containing electron-transport layer, perovskite-based light-absorbing layer and graphene positive electrode layer is 50-200 nm, 50-200 nm, 100-500 nm and 50-200 nm, respectively. Preferred Processes: The substrate is cleaned using ethanol and dried at room temperature. The negative electrode is obtained spraying 0.001-0.050 g/ml graphene solution prepared by ultrasonically dispersing 1 g graphene powder in 20-100 ml ethanol solution, on the transparent substrate. The electron-transport layer is obtained spraying solution prepared by dispersing 1 g graphene powder and 20 g titanium dioxide nanopowder having particle size of 50-200 nm in 20-100 ml ethanol solution, on the negative electrode. The light-absorbing layer is obtained by spraying solution prepared by dispersing 5 g titanium dioxide nanopowder having particle size of 50-200 nm and 4 g perovskite in 100-100 ml ethanol solution, on the electron-transport layer. The positive electrode is obtained by spraying 0.001-0.050 g/ml graphene/ethanol solution prepared by dispersing 1 g graphene powder in 20-100 ml ethanol solution, on the light-absorbing layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The transparent substrate is polyethylene terephthalate transparent film having thickness of 0.2-1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises: (a2) reacting 1,12-dichloro-perylene diimide compounds of formula (IV) with an alcohol compound of formula (R2OH) (A) in the presence of potassium carbonate and dimethylformamide to give 1,12-dialkoxy perylene diimide compound of formula (III); (b2) reacting (III) with bromine in the presence of an organic solvent (preferably dichloromethane) at room temperature to reflux temperature (preferred) to give (II); and (c2) reacting (II) with heteroaryl trimethyl tin derivatives of formula ((CH3)3Sn-(X)p-Sn(CH3)3) (B) in the presence of a catalyst and an organic solvent (preferably dry toluene). Preferred Process: The step (c2) comprises dissolving (II) in anhydrous toluene, adding (B) and reacting the mixture in the presence of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The amount of 1,8-iodooctane or chloronaphthalene in the active layer is 0.1-10 vol.%. Preferred Definitions:    X = thiophene, (2,2')bithiophenyl, (2,2',5',2'')terthiophene, (2,2',5',2'',5'',2''')quaterthiophene, (2,2',5',2'',5'',2''',5''',2'''')quinquethiophene, (2,2',5',2'',5'',2''',5''',2'''',5'''',2''''')sexithiophene, thieno(3,2-b)thiophene, dithieno(3,2-b,2',3'-d)thiophene, 3,4-dithia-7-selena-cyclopenta(a)pentalene, furan, selenophene or thiophene group of formula (a)-(i);    R1a, R2a, R = CnH2n+1, (C2H4O)n1CH3 or (C2H4O)n1OCH3;    n = 1-12; and    n1 = 1-15.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 11 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. 1,1',12,12'-perylene-thiophene diimide dimer compounds of formulae (Ia)-(Ie).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The Escherichia coli strain is Escherichia coli JM109.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The emulsifying agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate, ammonium dodecyl sulfate or potassium dodecyl sulfate. The initiator is sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polyacrylate compound is obtained by dissolving 1-3 pts. wt. emulsifying agent in 60-70 pts. wt. deionized water, adding methyl methacrylate monomer, butyl acrylate monomer and initiator, heating to 58-65 degrees C for 6-10 hours, stirring, separating, washing and drying. Preferred Composition: The support is chosen from polyethylene film and/or polypropylene film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The layer is titanium, titanium nitrite, tantalum nitrite, fluorine endowed selenium oxide, tungsten carbide and/or gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass powder includes 45-65 pts. wt. lead oxide, 1.0-20 pts. wt. silicon dioxide, 15-25 pts.wt. boron trioxide, 5-10 pts. wt. zinc oxide, and 1-5 pts. wt. barium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent is hydrazine hydrate. The additive is halogen-based zinc chloride compound, tetrabutyl ammonium chloride, tetraethyl ammonium bromide or allyl iodide. The organic adhesive agent comprises 30-50 pts. wt. terpineol, 20-25 pts. wt. diethylene glycol butyl ether, 5-8 pts. wt. ethyl cellulose, and 2-6 pts. wt. oleic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent is selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, triethanolamine, gelatin or gum arabic. Preferred Conditions: The organic binder is prepared by mixing terpineol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, ethyl cellulose, and oleic acid at 90-130 revolutions per minute (rpm) stirring speed at 80-100 degrees C for 4-5 hours. The resulting mixture is filtered through 300 meshes screen filter to get the organic binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface protection layer is a transparent plastic material layer, having an optical refractive index of 1.35-1.4, and a thickness of 10-30 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first- and second-adhesive layers are made of polyurethane, acrylic acid, epoxy or silicon glue layer, having a thickness of 5-10 mu m. The weather-resistant protection layer comprises a fluororesin layer. The fluororesin is poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF), poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) or poly (ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE) material. The plastic base layer is PVC layer, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) layer, polystyrene (PS) layer or polycarbonates (PC) layer. The plastic base layer has a thickness of 100-500 mu m. The adhesive layer is a hot melt glue is ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) material. The adhesive layer is a liquid silicon glue or acrylic acid pressure sensitive glue formed after solidifying a binding material. The release protection layer is polyethylene (PE) layer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer or polypropylene (PP) layer, where the thickness of the release protection layer, is 50-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The polyester polybasic alcohol has average molecular weight of 12000-18000, preferably 13000-17000. The solar energy battery further comprises anti-hydrolyzing agent comprising carbodiimide, epoxy resin and mixture of silane coupling agent at a mass ratio of 1:2-3:4-5, preferably 1:2.2-2.8:4.2-4.8. It further comprises light stabilizer and/or antioxidants. The light stabilizer is UV absorbent and/or UV stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent bag body is made of PVC material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl)phosphine. The organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand have a molar ratio of 1:4-1:8. The organic palladium and (A1) have a molar ratio of 1:20-1:100. The alkali solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises uniformly mixing a dibenzothiophene-2,8-diol compound of formula (A1) and a 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-5,6-diol compound of formula (B1) under oxygen-free atmosphere, where (A1) and (B1) have a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2, adding an organic solvent, a catalyst and an alkali solution to the mixture, heating the mixture at 70-130 degrees C, performing Suzuki coupling reaction for 12-96 hours, and stirring, where the catalyst is palladium, organic palladium or organophosphorus ligand. Preferred Method: The method comprises adding (A1) and (B1) into a reaction container, uniformly mixing, heating the mixture, performing Suzuki coupling reaction, adding methyl alcohol and a solvent to the heated mixture, precipitating the mixture, filtering the mixture to obtain a filtrate, extracting the filtrate using chloroform, methanol and n-hexane to obtain an extract, evaporating solvent, separating the extract, and purifying. The Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. The alkali solution and (A1) have a molar ratio of 20:1-50:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor layer is an organic semiconductor layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lower electrode layers includes the conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The LSC is interposed between cultivation area and solar light. The LSC is interposed between cultivation area and solar light to totally or partially cover cultivation area. The LSC is an integral portion of cultivation area and solar light. The cultivation area is chosen from open ponds (OP), photoreactors (FR), photobioreactors (FBR) or their combinations. The cultivation area is a greenhouse. The LSC forms at least partially or totally the roof or at least partially or totally the walls of greenhouse. The LSC comprises at least one photoluminescent compound having an absorption range within the range of solar radiation, capable of activating photosynthesis (photosynthetically active radiation (PAR): 400-700 nm) and an emission range capable of activating the photovoltaic cell (or solar cell). The photoluminescent compound is chosen from acene compounds, benzothiadiazole compounds, benzoheterodiazole compounds disubstituted with benzodithiophene groups, naphthoheterodiazole compounds disubstituted with benzodithiophene groups, naphthothiadiazole compounds disubstituted with thiophene groups, and BASF Lumogen (RTM: Perylene compound). The LSC comprises matrix made of transparent material chosen from transparent polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC) polyisobutyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polyallyl diglycol carbonate, polymethacrylimide, polycarbonate ether, styrene acrylonitrile, polystyrene, methyl-methacrylate styrene copolymers, polyether sulfone, polysulfone, cellulose triacetate, or their mixtures, transparent glass such as silica, quartz, alumina, titania, or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Isocyanurate compound (B) is of formula (II). Zinc compound (E) is zinc carboxylate. Silsesquioxane (D) is ladder-type silsesquioxane.Rx,Ry,Rz=group of formula (i) or (ii);andR1,R2=H, or linear or branched 1-8C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The number-average molecular weight (Mn) by standard polystyrene conversion by gel permeation chromatography of polyorganosiloxane (A) is 500-4000. The molecular weight dispersion degree of polyorganosiloxane (A) is 0.95-6. Preferred Composition: Polyorganosiloxane (A) is polyorganosiloxane (A1) having aliphatic carbon-carbon double bond, or polyorganosiloxane (A2) having silane bond. The polyorganosiloxane (A) of formula: (-O-Si(-R21)(-R23)-R27-Si(-R22)(-R24))r-(O-Si(-R25)(-R26)-)s (I). The curable resin composition further comprises silane coupling agent (C).R21-R26=H, aryl, monovalent hydrocarbyl, or monovalent heterocyclyl in which 1 or more of R21-R26 are monovalent groups containing aliphatic carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, or 1 or more of R21-R26 are aryl;R27=bivalent hydrocarbyl;andr,s=1 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Tape: In the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer comprises a rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive as the pressure-sensitive adhesive, and/or at least one rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive selected from a polyisobutylene rubber and an isobutylene-isoprene rubber as the pressure-sensitive adhesive. The pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet has an anchoring force of 5 N/19 mm or more, the anchoring force is measured by a measurement method as follows: anchoring force measurement method: the anchoring force is measured by: pressing and bonding a 19 mm-wide polyester pressure-sensitive adhesive tape (trade name No. 315 number 25, supplied by Nitto Denko Corporation) onto a surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of a sample 20-mm wide pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet by one reciprocating movement of a 2 kg roller at 25 degrees C to give a specimen; leaving the specimen stand at 25 degrees C for 30 minutes or longer; peeling the polyester pressure-sensitive adhesive tape from the specimen at an angle of 180 degrees and a speed of 300 mm/minute; measuring a peel stress during the peeling; and defining the peel stress as the anchoring force. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The titanium oxide porous membrane is formed on one surface (10a) of a base material (10) containing resin material by powder spraying method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal of metal chloride is chosen from niobium, tantalum, zirconium, yttrium, scandium, hafnium, vanadium, and lanthanide element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The platinum-alloy nanoparticles comprise alloy of platinum containing metal(s) chosen from niobium, tantalum, zirconium, yttrium, scandium, hafnium, vanadium, and lanthanide element. The platinum-alloy nanoparticles comprise platinum-niobium (Pt3Nb) rhombic system, platinum-zirconium (Pt3Zr) rhombic system, and platinum-tantalum (Pt3Ta) rhombic system. The nanoparticles have copper-titanium-type structure (Cu3Ti), gold-copper-type structure (Au3Cu), and nickel-titanium-type structure (Ni3Ti). Diglyme and hexane are used during cleaning process of platinum-alloy nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organometallic complex of platinum is dichloro(1,2-cyclooctadiene)platinum(II). The reducing agent is lithium triethylborohydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic filler is inorganic pigment which is white pigment or black pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer (I), resin layer (II) and resin layer (III) comprise copolymer of ethylene and 3-20C ( alpha )-olefin, as main component. The resin layer (III) does not contain silane-modified resin and inorganic filler. Preferred Property: The resin layer (III) has water absorption of 50 ppm or more, measured based on JIS K7209.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt is lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of polydioxolane is 20000-1000000. Preferred Process: The polydioxolane is obtained by copolymerizing 1,3-dioxolane compound (I) and 1,3-dioxolane compound (A) other than 1,3-dioxolane compound (I). Preferred Composition: The usage amount of 1,3-dioxolane compound (A) is less than 100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass 1,3-dioxolane compound (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polyfluorene derivative (I) is prepared by heating 2,7-dibromofluorene, 4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine hydrochloride and potassium hydroxide in inert gas atmosphere, refluxing, purifying the obtained crude product by silica gel column chromatography, recrystallizing using petroleum ether, obtaining ethylmorpholine-substituted dibromofluorene monomer, reacting dibrominated cyclic compound, alkyl bromide and 2-isopropyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane in presence of palladium catalyst, reacting obtained product with ethylmorpholine-substituted dibromofluorene monomer in inert gas atmosphere, cooling, adding non-polar solvent to the oil layer, precipitating, and extracting. Preferred Composition: The polyfluorene derivate (I) is preferably of formula (II) or (III).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is selected from dibutyl tin dilaurate, dioctyltin dilaurate or dibutyl tin diacetate. The filler is selected from active nano-calcium carbonate, silicon micro-powder, mica powder, titanium pigment, organic bentonite, white carbon black or meteorological white carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plasticizer is selected from dimethicone, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate or polyether polyol. The cross-linking agent is selected from tetramethyl orthosilicate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetrapropyl orthosilicate, methyldimethoxy orthosilicate, methyldiethoxysilane, trimethoxy methyl silane, triethoxy methyl silane, ethylene-based silane or vinyltriethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Resin is selected from vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene-vinyl ether, vinyl fluoride polymer or tetrafluoroethylene. Base resin is selected from polyurethane or acrylic resin. Curing agent is selected from isocyanate, amino resin, isocyanate, block isocyanate or melamine. Solvent is selected from toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate or butyl acetate. Filler is selected from talcum powder, quartz powder, mica powder or montmorillonite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Hyper-branched polymer is selected from hyperbranched polyester, polyurethane, polysiloxane, polyether, polyester amide or polyamide. Preferred Composition: Thickness of polyester layer is 10-100 mu m. Thickness of thermally conductive polyester layer 50-300mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gaseous carbon source used for preparing flexible transparent electroconductive graphene thin-film is methane, ethane or propane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is bistriphenylphosphinepalladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and/or organic palladium phosphine. The catalyst and (A) have a molar ratio of 1:20-1:100. The organic palladium is palladium acetate or dipalladium trisbenzylidine acetone. The phosphine ligand is tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexyl-2',6,-dimethoxybiphenyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises providing a 2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b-3,4-b')dithiophene compound of formula (A) and a 4,6-dibromo-3-fluoro-thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde compound of formula (B1) having a molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 in the absence of oxygen, adding a catalyst and an organic solvent to the mixture, performing Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, stop reaction to obtain a reaction liquid, separating the reaction liquid and purifying. Preferred Method: The method comprises adding methyl alcohol into a reaction container, precipitating, extracting using a Soxhlet extractor, filtering using a filter to obtain a filtrate, adding n-hexane to the filtrate, extracting the mixture to obtain organic phase, extracting the organic phase using chloroform as a solvent, collecting chloroform solution, and spin drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours under vacuum. The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed i.e. 1-(4-(4,4-diicosyl-4H-cyclopenta(2, 1-b-3,4-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-3-fluoro-thieno(3,4-b)thiophen-2-yl)-ethanone compounds of formulae (Ia)-(Ie).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermally conductive filler is chosen from metal oxide, metal nitride, silica, silicon nitride and silicon carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anti-aging agent comprises ultraviolet light absorber, light stabilizer and antioxidant component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primary olefin polymer comprises ethylene-( alpha )-olefin random copolymer and/or propylene-( alpha )-olefin random copolymer. The secondary olefin polymer is chosen from high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, propylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer and ethylene-( alpha )-olefin block copolymer. The adhesion promoting polymer has 3-chain structure of formula: -CnH2n-Si-(-OCmH2m+1)3, and main chain component comprising olefin homopolymer or olefin copolymer. The main chain component of adhesion promoting polymer is chosen from ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butene copolymer, ethylene-1-pentene copolymer, ethylene-1-hexene copolymer, ethylene-1-octene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-hexene copolymer, ethylene-pentene-hexene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-1,6-hexadiene copolymer, ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, isoprene homopolymer and 4-methyl-1-pentene homopolymer.n=1-10;andm=1-4.Preferred Process: The thermally conductive filler is obtained by preprocessing silane coupling agent, stearic acid, hyperbranched polymer and peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carrier film: contains greater than 50 wt.%, preferably 95 wt.% of fluoropolymers; has a thickness of 15-350 mu m, preferably 50-150 mu m; and comprises at least two-layer laminate of two or more layers of film, preferably 2-5 layers of film and at least two foil layers, where two outer layers of the foil layers are colored differently. The fluoropolymers are PTFE, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), poly(1,1-difluoroethylene) (PVDF) and/or perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). The fluoropolymers are mixed with additional polymers comprising olefinic polymers such as homopolymers or copolymers of olefins such as ethylene, propylene or butylene, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides, polyurethanes, polyoxymethylene, PVC, polyethylene naphthalate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polyether sulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polyarylene sulfides and/or polyarylene. The adhesive applied to the carrier film adhesive is pressure sensitive adhesive comprising acrylate or silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pentyl alcohol is 3-pentanol. The active layer contains fullerene and/or fullerene derivative, and conjugated polymer compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crystal nucleating agent is a sulfonamide compound metal salt or sulfonimide compound salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The silicone nanopowder has average particle diameter of 5-27 nm, purity more than 99% and specific surface area of 70-530 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from diethylene glycol monoethyl acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, Texanol (RTM: 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentandiolmonoisobutyrate), terpineol, butylcarbitol, methylglutaric acid, dibutyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, diethyl phthalate and dibasic ester. The plasticizer is 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The silicone ink has viscosity of 1-50 kcps at 25 degrees C in 10 rpm. Preferred Composition: The polymeric resin is chosen from acrylic resin and ethyl cellulose resin. The content of silicone nanopowder, polymeric resin, organic solvent, plasticizer, dispersing agent and leveling agent is 5-25 wt.%, 1-30 wt.%, 20-75 wt.%, 1-10 wt.%, 0.5-10 wt.% and 0.5-10 wt.%, respectively. The dispersing agent is polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate, BYK-110 (RTM: polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane copolymer) and Solsperse 17940 (RTM: hyperdispersant). The leveling agent is chosen from EFKA-3236 (RTM: organically modified polysiloxane) and BYK-110 (RTM: polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane copolymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction step is carried out at a temperature of less than 100 degrees C. Preferred Components: The additional hydrogen azide compound is polyols, preferably polyester polyols or polycarbonate polyols, or polyamines. The catalyst is a tertiary amine, 1,8-diazabicyclo-5,4,0-undecene-7-ene, N-methyl-N'-(dimethylaminomethyl)piperazine, pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine, and/or methylimidazole. The catalyst is present in an amount of 0.01-2 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyepoxide is present in an amount of 5-70 wt.%, and is bisphenol-A-epoxides, bisphenol-F-epoxides, and/or aliphatic di- or tri-epoxides. The polyisocyanate is aromatic, araliphatic and aliphatic polyisocyanates. The polyisocyanate is a prepolymer having an isocyanate content of 6-30%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive substrate comprises carbon fiber, glassy carbon, titanium, nickel, stainless steel, iron, copper, zinc, lead, manganese, cadmium, gold, silver, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, conductive plastic, conductive rubber or highly-doped silicon and other metal or non-metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sulfur-containing active substance comprises sulfur or organic compound having sulfur-sulfur bond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nano-polyaniline-coated carbon-sulfur composite comprises 60-80 %mass sulfur, 15-30 %mass nano-polyaniline and 5-10 %mass vertically-oriented graphene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Acrylic acid-modified phenolic resin has 35-60% concentration. Preferred Parameters: Graphene-coated glass fiber has 1-7 mu m diameter, 2-1000 Angstrom graphene thickness, and 1-30 mm fiber length.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of polyethylene resin (a) with respect to polypropylene resin (b) is 0.30-0.55.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive substrate is formed of aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), iron chromium (Fe-Cr) alloy, iron copper (Fe-Cu) alloy, stainless steel and carbon steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive substrate is formed of polyimide or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive material is chosen from carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, graphite powder and chopped carbon fibers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The water-retaining portion comprises hydrophilic polymer, electroconductive material and proton-conductive polymer. The weight ratio of electroconductive material and proton-conductive polymer is 1:3. The proton-conductive polymer is chosen from Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer-copolymer), sulfonated polyphosphazene, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and their derivatives. The area content of hydrophilic region on hydrophobic surface of microporous layer is 2-40%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The porous substrate is carbonized felt, carbon paper or carbon cloth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic compound of formula (I) is also represented by compound of formula (XII).R81-R88=H, halogen atom or hydrocarbyl group having a substituent i.e. -ORa, -CORa, -COORa, -SO2Ra, -SO3Ra, -PORaRb, -PO(ORa)(ORb), -NRaRb or -CORaRb; andRa and Rb=hydrocarbyl group containing a substituent, where R81-R88 are coupled with the same molecule to form an aromatic ring containing a substituent.The electron donor is a polymeric material i.e. polythiophene compound. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: Concrete basal body comprises 10-50 pts. wt. rapid hardening cement, 10-50 pts. wt. coarse aggregate, 10-50 pts. wt. lightweight aggregate, 10-50 pts. wt. fly ash, 0.1-0.3 pts. wt. polypropylene fiber, 0.1-0.3 pts. wt. water reducing agent and 0.1-0.3 pts. wt. calcium formate. Polypropylene fibers are replaced by fibers, which are selected from chopped glass fiber, ultra fine glass wool, flame cotton, silicate cotton, ceramic fiber, brucite fiber, rayon or their mixtures. Preferred Process: Heat insulating composite building block is prepared by mixing concrete basal body raw material with water in a mixer. The mixed material is molded in a mold cavity, and then pressed for 15-30 seconds to obtain building block.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The blades may also be made of metal such as aluminum and produced by extrusion or co-extrusion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rotor blades are made of polyolefin, such as of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, or polyvinyl chloride. The blade cap or reinforcement of the blade is made of synthetic polymer material including Kevlar (RTM: synthetic para-aramid fibers), glass fibers, or carbon fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode intercalates lithium cations. It comprises lithium metal or lithium alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crown ether comprises 12-crown-4 ether having formula C8H16O4. The low molecular weight silicon quaternary ammonium salt comprises structure 1. The organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt unit comprises formula 2. The non-aqueous electrolyte is liquid; or the non-aqueous electrolyte is a polymer. Preferred Process: The low molecular weight silicon quaternary ammonium salt is obtained by reacting bis(chloromethyl)dimethylsilyl ether pentaethylene glycol with 4,4'-dipyridyl. Preferred Composition: The crown ether comprises 2-98 wt.% of the additive composition. The ratio between the low molecular weight silicon quaternary ammonium salts and polymer comprising organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt units is in the range of 1:9 to 9:1. The additive composition in the electrolyte ranges from 5x10-2 mass% up to 1 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent is urea based or imidazole based. The urea curing agent is preferably a bis urea curing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The stack of prepregs has a thickness of 2-100 mm. The prepreg or stack of prepregs comprise: 20-85 wt.% of epoxy resin and 80-15 wt.% of fibers; the resin matrix, where the urea curing agent and/or the imidazole curing agent is(are) isolated from the epoxy resin or the remainder of the resin matrix. The epoxy resin has an EEW of 200-500. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable composition further comprises: a rheology modifying agent, a supplemental toughening agent, an acrylate compound adapted for reducing the peak exotherm temperature of the curable composition, or mixtures. The epoxy resin is present in the composition at a concentration of 20-70 wt.%, based on the total weight of the total composition; where the stoichiometric ratio of the total epoxy resin to the total curing agent in the composition is 1-0.8; where the core shell rubber toughening agent is present in the composition at a concentration of 1-15 wt.%, based on the total weight of the total composition; and where the non-reactive diluent is present in the composition at a concentration of 1-50 wt.%, based on the total weight of the total composition. The non-reactive diluent comprises a polyalkylene glycol. The components (a)-(d) are separated into two components comprising (I) an epoxy resin composition component; and (II) a hardener composition component. The epoxy resin component (I) comprises (A) the epoxy resin, (B) at least one core shell rubber toughening agent, and (C) the non-reactive diluent; and where the hardener component (II) comprises (D) the curing agent. Preferred Product: The cured product has a Tg1 of at least 2 degrees C, a modulus of 3200 mPa; and an elongation to break of at least 5%. Preferred Article: The cured thermoset article comprises a wind turbine blade. The curable composition comprises a curable epoxy adhesive composition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Thermal contraction rate in length direction of olefin resin micropore film after heating at 105 degrees C for 1 hour is less than or equal to 4%. Standard deviation of thermal contraction rate in length direction of olefin resin micropore film after heating at 105 degrees C for 1 hour is less than or equal to 1%. Olefin resin micropore film has 100-600 s of air permeability/100 ml and surface aperture ratio of 10-55%. Preferred Process: Stretching process includes 1st stretching process which uniaxially stretches olefin-type resin film with surface temperature of - 20-100 degrees C to 1.05-1.6 times the draw ratio by 0-3000%/minute stretching rate, and 2nd stretching process which uniaxially stretches olefin-type resin film with surface temperature of 10-100 degrees C from melting point of olefin resin below at low temperature higher than surface temperature of olefin-type resin film in 1st stretching process to 1.05-3 times the draw ratio by 15-150%/minute stretching rate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light energy exposed layer includes silicon arsenide, gallium arsenide, or copper indium diselenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The tube is made of iron, nickel, or titanium alloy, or steel with chromium content lower than 12.5%, such as P195GH, 13CrMo44, 10CrM09-10, X10CrMoVNb9-1 and X11CrMoWVNb97. The assembly of fins is made of aluminium alloy, steel or copper alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The substrate comprises glass. The spacer elements comprise glass or glass capillary tubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The solid oxide cell further has passage(s) (P1) adaptable to provide an oxygen-containing gas to the electrode (E1), and passage(s) (P2) adaptable to provide a fuel-containing gas to the electrode (E2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel-containing gas comprises hydrogen. The electrolyte further contains interfacial catalyst(s). The interfacial catalysts are chosen from lithium, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, strontium, tin, cerium, samarium, gadolinium, sodium, potassium and/or chlorine. The interfacial catalyst(s) exists in the form of metal oxides and/or metal nanopowder. The solid oxide cell further contains an ion-conducting material chosen from water, salt water, ionic liquid and/or inorganic salt. The ion-conducting material comprises tetrafluoroborate, potassium permanganate, sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride. The metal compound (M1) comprises zirconium metal compound. The electrode composition further contains zirconium metal compound, yttrium metal compound, and platinum metal compound. The conductive particles comprise silver-coated nickel flakes, silver-coated nickel spheres and/or silver nanoparticles. An yttrium metal compound is utilized during manufacture of solid oxide cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The graphene oxide is formed by coating 0.1-1 g/L graphene oxide coating solution on the surface of the flexible substrate. The graphene oxide solution has pH value of 6.3-7.8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The flexible substrate contains polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyimide or polystyrene, and has thickness of 100-130 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode active substance is nano silicon and/or lithium titanate. The conductive agent is carbon fiber, acetylene black and/or conductive carbon black. When the conductive agent is carbon fiber, the mass ratio of colloid, cathode active substance and conductive agent is 3-10:95-88:2, preferably 8:90:2. When the conductive agent is conductive carbon black, the mass ratio of colloid, cathode active substance and conductive agent is 10-25:85-70:5. When the conductive agent is acetylene black, the mass ratio of colloid, cathode active substance and conductive agent is 2-10:93-85:5, preferably 5:90:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of iron, phosphorus, lithium and carbon in carbon-coated lithium-iron phosphate is 29 plus minus 0.5 %mass, 17 plus minus 0.5 %mass, 2 plus minus 0.5 %mass, and 2.5 plus minus 1.5 %mass. The iron source is inorganic ferrous salt, organic ferrous salt, elemental iron, or iron oxide. The inorganic ferrous salt is ferrous chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferrous carbonate, ferrous bromide, ferrous sulfite, ferrous cyanide, or ferrous thiocyanate. The lithium source is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium phosphate, or lithium oxide. The carbon source is polar organic compound, graphite, Ketchen Black (RTM: electroconductive carbon black), carbon nanotube or graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic ferrous salt is ferrous acetate, ferrous lactate, ferrous citrate or ferrous glycine. The water-soluble organic reducing agent is vitamin-C, sucrose, or oxalic acid. The content of water-soluble organic reducing agent is 0.1-30 %mass. The polar organic compound is fumaric acid, agar, glycine, urea-formaldehyde resin, polyacrylate, or polypropylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tin precursor is selected from titanium butoxide, titanium ethoxide, titanium isopropoxide, titanium propoxide or titanium tetrachloride. The solvent is selected from alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformaldehyde, dimethyl sulfoxide or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The membranous polymers is selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(oxyethylene)methacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, acrylamide, aminostyrene, styrenesulfonic acid, methylpropenesulfonic acid, sulfopropyl methacrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylate or sulfobutyl methacrylate. The hydrophilic monomer is grafted with polymethyl methacrylate. The halogenated polymer is selected from polyvinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, poly-dichloro-difluoromethane, polyvinylidene dichloride or their copolymers. The hydrophilic monomer is selected from polyoxyethylene methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone or hydrolyzed sulfobutyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and/or organopalladium and organic phosphine ligand mixture. In the mixture, the molar amount of organic phosphine ligand is 4-8 times the molar amount of the organopalladium. The molar ratio of the catalyst to (II) is 1:20-1:100. The organopalladium is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. The alkaline solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution. In the alkaline solution, the molar amount of alkali solute is 20 times the molar amount of (II).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises adding 2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene compounds of formula (II) and 6,11-dibromo-dibenzo(f,h)quinoxaline-2,3-dicarbonitrile (III) at molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 to organic solvent containing dissolved catalyst under anaerobic conditions, then performing Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, and then separating and purifying the reaction solution. Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction is performed at 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours. The separation and purification of the reaction solution comprises adding methanol to the reaction solution, precipitating, then filtering through a Soxhlet extractor, in turn extracting with methanol and hexane, and then extracting the obtained organic phase to become colorless using chloroform as solvent, collecting chloroform solution and spin drying, and dying under vacuum at 50 degrees C for 24 hours to obtain (I). Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Definitions:    R = octyl, methyl, icosanyl, butyl or dodecyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outer insulating layer and inner layer insulating layers are manufactured using ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Porous graphene is obtained by catalytic processing biomass carbon source in presence of catalyst to obtain intermediate product (A), heating intermediate product (A) under protective gas to obtain intermediate product (B), heating intermediate product (B) under protective gas to obtain intermediate product (C), heating intermediate product (C) under protective gas to obtain intermediate product (D), heating intermediate product (D), and cooling. Preferred Composition: Graphite is flaky graphite or spherical graphite. The weight ratio of flaky graphite and spherical graphite is (0.0l-0.99):(0.99-0.01). Graphene is porous graphene. The catalyst comprises manganese chloride salt, iron compound, cobalt compound and nickel compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of phenolic resin, graphite and graphene is (10-20):(79-89):(1-5). The biomass carbon source is cellulose or lignin, preferably porous cellulose. Preferred Process: Porous cellulose is obtained by acid hydrolyzing biomass resources including plant and agricultural waste to obtain lignocellulose, and processing lignocellulose by treating with acid, salt or organic solvent. The salt processing is carried out using acid sulfite or alkali sulfite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium palladium dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium or organopalladium and/or organic phosphine ligand. The organopalladium is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organophosphine ligand is tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. The molar amount of organic phosphine ligand is 4-8 times molar amount of the organic palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation (I) comprises adding 2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophene compounds of formula (II) and 6,11-dibromo-dibenzo(f,h)quinoxaline-2,3-dicarbonitrile (III) at molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 to an organic solvent containing catalyst, dissolving under anaerobic conditions, performing Stille coupling reaction for 6-60 hours at 70-130 degrees C, and then separating and purifying the reaction solution to obtain (I). Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction is performed at 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours. The separation and purification of the reaction solution comprises adding methanol into the reaction solution for precipitation, filtering through Soxhlet extractor, then extracting with methanol and hexane, extracting obtained organic phase with chloroform until to become colorless, collecting chloroform solution and spin drying, and vacuuming at 50 degrees C and drying for 24 hours to obtain (I). Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The molar ratio of the catalyst to (II) is 1:20-1:100. Preferred Definitions:    R = octyl, methyl, icosanyl, butyl or dodecanyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metallic coating is made of aluminum and silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The group (IV) metal element is titanium. The concentration of oxygen in oxidizing gas is 1-100 vol.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The composite particles further comprise alloy comprising metallic element chosen from iron, nickel, chromium, cobalt, titanium, copper, vanadium and manganese, or metal particles chosen from platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, silver and ruthenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether (all preferred), amine, amide ketone or hydrocarbon. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol or fluorinated alcohol. The ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol or N-methylpyrrolidone. The ester is alcohol ether ester, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate or butyl glycol acetate. The ether is diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol diethyl ether or ethylene glycol ether. The viscosity modifier is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly 3-methylthiophene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine-containing styrene-acrylate polymer is styrene-perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate, styrene-dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate, styrene-hexafluorobutyl acrylate, pentafluoro styrene-glycidyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid-trifluoroethyl acrylate-styrene or styrene-acrylic acid tridecafluoro octyl acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The highly-permeable ethylene-vinyl acetate film has light transmittance of more than 93% and thickness of 0.38-0.60 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Property: The glass fiber-nonwoven felt layer has thickness of 0.05-0.20 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide or toluene. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the conjugated polymer (I) involves: in an inert gas atmosphere, adding compound of formula (II) and compound of formula (III) into organic solvent, then adding catalyst and carried out Stille coupling reaction at 60-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, and then isolating and purifying the conjugated polymer (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The porous metal oxide layer contains titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organometallic compound is organotitanium compound, preferably water-soluble titanium chelate compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solid electric charge transport layer consists of conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic non-halogenated hydrocarbon solvent contains only one phenyl ring, consisting of p-xylene (preferred), o-xylene, m-xylene, ethyl benzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, tetrahydronaphthalene, and xylenes. The aromatic non-halogenated hydrocarbon solvent has a Hildebrand solubility parameter of at least 17 MPa1/2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is present in an amount of at least 0.3 wt.%, preferably 0.3-4 wt.%. The polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 20000-80000, preferably 20000-60000. The semiconducting layer further comprises a fullerene or a fullerene derivative. Preferred Definitions:    n = 10-30, where the sum of p and q is 2-6; and    M = a divalent group of formula (a1) and (a2).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive glass made of indium tin oxide. The electrochromic film includes an electrochromic layer made of tungsten trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrochromic film includes an electrochromic layer made of polyaniline.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by taking furan derivative of formula (II) and pyrazine derivative of formula (III) at mol ratio of 1:1-1.2, dissolving in organic solvent with catalyst under anaerobic condition, performing Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, and separating and purifying. Preferred Components: Catalyst is bis-triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride or palladium tetrakistriphenylphosphine at mol ratio of 1:20-1:100. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Method: Separating and purifying are done by precipitating with methanol, performing Soxhlet extraction, filtering, extracting with methanol and n-hexane, obtaining organic phase, extracting with chloroform until colorless, collecting chloroform solution and vacuum-drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours. Stille coupling reaction is at 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, i.e. compounds of formulae ((Ia)-(Ie)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The purity of phosphoric acid, manganese acetate tetrahydrate, lithium acetate dihydrate, ascorbic acid, potassium hydroxide, P123, ethylene glycol, deionized water and acetone is not less than chemical purity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base is alkaline metal hydroxides, alkaline metal carbonates and alkaline metal hydrogencarbonates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of oligomeric or polymeric compound (I) involves reaction of dione compound of formula (IV) with an olefin compound of formula (V) in the presence of a base and a catalyst of formula (PC+)eAN(e-), to result in a monomer compound of formula (VI; and subjecting the monomer (VI) and optionally other monomers copolymerizable with it to conditions of radical, anionic, cationic or metallorganic polymerization to form (I).Hal=halogen atom;PC+=cation selected from (NR17R18R19R20)+, (PR17R18R19R20)+ or (SbR17R18R19R20)+;R17, R18, R19 and R20=H, alkyl, cycloalkyl aryl or heteroaryl;AN(e-)=e-valent anion;e=1 or 2.Preferred Method: The process is performed in the absence of any solvent in a mixing device, in a ball mill or in an extruder. The polymerization of the monomers (VI) is performed as free radical polymerization in a solvent or in the absence of a solvent using a starter compound. The manufacture of the oligomeric or polymeric compound (I) involves polymerization reaction of monomers (VI). The oligomeric or polymeric compound is used in combination with a metal, a semiconducting inorganic material or an electrically conducting or semiconducting organic material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The backplane sheet is a prepreg sheet and polymer. The release layer is non-stick polymer, non-stick fluoropolymer, spray on coating and spray on PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carbon nanofibrils have width of 5-25 nm and radiate distance of 500 nm to 5 mu m, preferably 1 mu m or more from the nanocluster nodes. The nanocluster nodes are formed of material having surface energy more than that of polymeric host and carbon nanoparticles. The nanocluster nodes have diameter of 100-500 nm. The carbon nanoparticles and polymeric host demonstrate a difference in surface energies sufficient to induce phase separation in presence of the nanocluster nodes. The photosensitive layer has thickness of 300 nm to 1 mu m. The photovoltaic apparatus has external quantum efficiency (EQE) of more than 20% at one or more wavelengths in the visible spectrum. The width of the carbon nanofibrils is altered by altering removal rate of the organic solvent. The width of the carbon nanofibrils is inversely proportional to the removal rate of the organic solvent. Preferred Composition: The nanocluster nodes are formed of inorganic nanoparticles containing metal or metal oxide nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon nanoparticles comprise fullerene derivative, which is (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The carbon nanoparticles are present in the layer in amount sufficient to form the carbon nanofibrils. The content of carbon nanofibrils and nanocluster is 30-66 wt.% and 0.5-5 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rigid or semirigid component is made of plastics material. The envelope includes an outer layer and an inner layer made of insulating material i.e. plastics material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin comprises fluororesin, polyester resin, polyether resin, vinyl resin, urethane resin and/or polyamide resin. The urethane resin is resin (A) obtained by reacting active hydrogen component (a1) and an isocyanate component (a2). The active hydrogen component (a1) contains polyether diol, polycarbonate diol and/or polyester diol, and has chain extender (a13) and polymeric diol (a11) with number average molecular weight of 2500-15000 and solubility parameter of 8-12 (cal/cm3)1/2, as main component. The content of polymeric diol (a11) is 20-80 wt.% with respect to total content of urethane resin (A). The active hydrogen component (a1) contains diol (a12) other than diol (a11) and chain extender (a13). The equivalence ratio of compounds (a11) and (a12) is 10/1:30/1. The equivalence ratio of compound (a11) with respect to total equivalence ratio of compounds (a12) and (a13) is 0.9/1-1.1/1. The resin (A) has number average molecular weight of 40000-500000. The vinyl resin comprises polymer (B) having vinyl monomer (b) as main monomer component, which contains vinyl monomer (b1) and vinyl monomer (b2) having carboxyl group of formula: H2C=C(R1)COOR2.R1=H or methyl;andR2=4-36C branched alkyl.The vinyl monomer (b) further contains copolymerizable vinyl monomer (b3) free of active hydrogen. The content of monomers (b1)-(b3) is 0.1-80 wt.%, 0.1-99.9 wt.% and 0-99.8 wt.%, respectively. The polymer (B) has number average molecular weight of 3000-2000000 and solubility parameter of 9-20 (cal/cm3)1/2. The resin is a crosslinked polymer formed by crosslinking the polymer (B) with a poly epoxy compound (c1) and/or a polyol compound (c2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinkable group is hydroxyl group. The UV absorber is benzothiazolylidene derivative. The acrylic resin comprises 40 wt.% or more alicyclic acrylate monomer unit. The acrylic resin comprises acrylate monomer unit containing hindered amine light stabilizer group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is polyisocyanate compound. The primer further comprises silane compound. The back sheet further consists of weather-resistant layer (13) containing binder containing crosslinkable group and crosslinking agent. The crosslinkable group in the binder is chosen from fluoropolymer and acrylic resin in weight ratio of 4 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyaniline nanotube-sulfur composite material comprises 10-40 wt.% polyaniline nanotube, 50-85% alkene, and 5-10% elemental sulfur.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode material contains lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium-cobalt-nickel oxide (LiCo0.2Ni0.8O2) and/or lithium-cobalt-nickel-aluminum oxide (LiCo0.2Ni0.75Al0.15O2), or lithium-cobalt-nickel-manganese oxide (LiCoxNiyMn1-x-yO2), in which molar ratio of cobalt, nickel and manganese is 3:4:3, 3:3:3 or 2:5:3. The content of target element compound is 0.5-5 wt.%. Preferred Property: The average diameter of anode material is 2-25 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: During preparation of anode material, surfactant and additive are used. The surfactant is anionic surfactant and/or nonionic surfactant. The anionic surfactant is octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether. The nonionic surfactant is nonylphenol ethoxylate. The additive is microcrystalline wax, anthracene oil and/or naphthenic oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The culture medium of trace element solution such as boric acid, manganese chloride, heptahydrate zinc sulfate, water key acid sodium, copper sulfate pentahydrate and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Titanium dioxide precursor includes tetraisopropoxide, titanium butoxide, titanium ethoxide, titanium oxysulfate or titanium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer includes polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, cellulose acetate, polycaprolactone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or polyethylene oxide. The molecular weight of the polymer is 9000-1300000. The addition amount of the polymer is 1-30 pts. wt., titanium dioxide precursor is 10-30 pts. wt. and acid solution is 10-30 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. solvent. The intensity of the voltage during electrospinning is 1-60 kV. Preferred Method: The hydrolysis and the condensation reaction are carried out for 30 minutes to 3 hours. The heat treatment process is carried out at 400-550 degrees C. EXAMPLE - 4 g Dimethylformamide, 2 g polystyrene with molecular weight of 35000, 1 g acetic acid, 3 g titanium tetraisopropoxide and 0.05 g graphene were mixed to obtain the mixed solution. The obtained mixed solution was electrospun under 15 kV voltage to obtain titanium dioxide precursor-graphene oxide-polymer nanofibers. Then hydrolysis was carried out in the presence of atmospheric moisture for 30 minutes, heat treated at 500 degrees C for 2 hours to obtain titanium dioxide- graphene porous nanofibers with diameter of 150 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Cross-linking agent is tert.-butylperoxy-isopropyl carbonate, dibenzoyl peroxide, tert.-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexylcarbonate, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert.-butylperoxy)hexane, cyclohexanone peroxide, tert.-butyl hydroperoxide, tert.-butyl peroxybenzoate, tert.-butyl peracetic acid, and/or peroxydicarbonate-bis-(4-tert.-butylcyclohexyl)ester. Antioxidant is triphenyl phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert.-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-4-methylphenol, tetrakis( beta -(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), tris(2,4-di-tert.-butylphenyl)phosphite, and/or beta -(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert.-butylphenyl)propionate n-octadecanol ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Vinyl content of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 25-35%. Compatibilizer is polar group-grafted-modified functional resin e.g. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-grafted-maleic anhydride, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-grafted-acrylic acid, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-grafted-glycidyl methacrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-grafted-sulfonic acid, polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride, ethylene-octene copolymer-grafted-maleic anhydride, and/or ethylene-octene copolymer-grafted-acrylic acid. Wavelength conversion particle is europium acrylate, europium methacrylate, acrylic acid-europium methacrylate copolymer, manganese acrylate, manganese methacrylate, acrylic acid-manganese methacrylate copolymer, yttrium acrylate, yttrium methacrylate, and/or acrylic acid-yttrium methacrylate copolymer. Preferred Parameters: Melt index of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer at 190 degrees C is 0.1-40 g/10 minutes. Transmittance of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by taking thiophene derivative of formula (II) and thiazole derivative of formula (III) at mol ratio of 1:1-1.2, dissolving in organic solvent with catalyst under anaerobic condition, performing Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, and separating and purifying. Preferred Components: Catalyst is bis-triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride or palladium tetrakistriphenylphosphine. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Method: Separating and purifying are done by precipitating with methanol, performing Soxhlet extraction, filtering, extracting with methanol and n-hexane, obtaining organic phase, extracting with chloroform until colorless, collecting chloroform solution and vacuum-drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours. Stille coupling reaction is at 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, i.e. compounds of formulae ((Ia)-(Ie)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The thiazole-containing benzothiadiazolyl polymer (I) is prepared by taking benzothiadiazolyl derivative of formula (A) and thiazole derivative of formula (B) under no oxygen environment at mol ratio of 1:1, adding organic solvent with dissolved catalyst, carrying out Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, stopping reaction, separating and purifying reaction liquid. Preferred Components: Catalyst is bis triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride or palladium tetrakistriphenylphosphine, or organic palladium phosphine ligand and organic mixture. Organic palladium phosphine ligand is tri-o-tolylphosphine, or 2-dicyclohexyl-2',6-dimethoxy biphenyl. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Method: Separating and purification of reaction liquid comprises adding methyl alcohol, precipitating, carrying out Soxhlet extraction through filter, performing methanol and n-hexane extraction to obtain organic phase, performing solvent to chloroform extraction, collecting chloroform solution, spin-drying, and vacuum-drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, i.e. (Ia)-(Ie).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat storage material comprises 35-40 pts. wt. paraffin, 6-12 pts. wt. synthesis fatty acid, 3-10 pts. wt. adipic acid, 10-25 pts. wt. montan wax, 1-13 pts. wt. crystal wax, and 6-7 pts. wt. acid. The adjusting component comprises 25-30 pts. wt. flame retardant, 2-5 pts. wt. depressant, 3-8 pts. wt. inorganic filler, 2-5 pts. wt. mildew preventive, 10-20 pts. wt. cement reinforcing agent, 3-5 pts. wt. cement enhancer, 25-35 pts. wt. water repellent, 2-4 pts. wt. thermoplastic elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound includes at least two group elements consisting of group 2 elements, group 11 elements, group 12 elements, group 13 elements, group 14 elements, group 15 elements and group 16 elements. The semiconductor quantum dot includes indium compound as a compositional component, and is indium phosphide/zinc sulfide (ZnS) compound, copper indium disulfide/ZnS compound, silver indium disulfide (AgInS2) compound, (ZnS/AgInS2)/ZnS compound, zinc-doped AgInS2 compound and silicon compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound is of formula (Y1-X-Y1) (I) or substituted ester compounds of formulae (II) and (III).X = -(CH2)n- or 5-20C divalent alicyclic hydrocarbyl;Y1 = CH2=C(R1)-C(=O)-O-;R1 = H or methyl;R2 = H or 1-12C-alkyl;R3 = R2;W1 = ethylene oxide group or propylene oxide group;m = 0-4; andn = 2-20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable resin composition further comprises: a polymer initiator; and a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 5000-40000 and having carboxyl group. Preferred Components: An oxygen atom-containing organic solvent is added to the curable resin composition. The polymer initiator has hydrocarbon group having 1-20 carbon atoms. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent electrode is provided with a thin film. The transparent electrode is made of zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin oxide (ITO), platinum, gold, zinc oxide, gallium oxide, aluminum oxide, lead oxide, cupric oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide or tin dioxide material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent electrode is made of polythiophene, polypyrrole, poly (3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)), polyaniline, poly P-phenylene poly, poly P-phenylenevinylene and polythiophenevinylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of zinc and alkali metal hydroxide in the aqueous solution contained in the tank is 5-100 g/L and 5-12 M. The nickel-based support comprises a nickel-based material chosen from Raney nickel or carbonyl nickel. The alkali metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide. The carbon material is chosen from natural or synthetic graphite powder, carbon black and carbon fibers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbon composite is made of carbon material and polymer matrix. The air electrode further comprises polytetrafluoroethylene as binder, and a non-noble metal catalyst chosen from transition metal oxide, and manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide or mesoporous spinel nickel cobaltite. The gas diffusion layer is made of sprayed polytetrafluoroethylene or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The connection material further contains electroconductive particles (D). The component (A) further has a structural unit (a2) derived from a monomer having a (meth)acryloyl group, a structural unit (a3) derived from a (meth)acrylate monomer having a hydroxyl group, and a structural unit (a4) derived from N-substituted maleimide. Preferred Property: The component (A) has double-bond equivalent of 50-5000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: By forming electrode (II), at least 2 or more photoelectric conversion elements are electrically connected.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidizing agent is oxygen, ozone, peroxide, or metal salt. The sensitizing dye is of formula: (R3)3-n-N(Ar'-(A1)p-(A2)q-Z)n.R3=alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl (all optionally substituted), H, halo, amino or cyano;Ar'=bivalent cyclic compound group;A1,A2=single bond, bivalent (un)saturated hydrocarbyl, optionally substituted alkylenyl, arylenyl or bivalent heterocyclyl;Z=organic group having acidic group, alkoxysilane or halogenated silane;p,q=0-6;n=1-3;andor R3+other substituents=ring.Preferred Property: The wavelength of the irradiated light is absorption wavelength of sensitizing dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive polymer precursor is a repeating unit derived from cyclopenta(1,4)dioxine-type monomer of formula (I). The conductive polymer has cyclopenta(1,4)dioxine-type repeating unit of formula (II).X=S, NR or O;R=H or alkyl;andR1-R4=H, halo, 1-30 linear or branched alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, 1-30C alkoxy, 2-30C polyethylene-oxide group or optionally substituted 4-30C aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ion exchanger comprises OT aerosol OT, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate. The metal oxide particle is selected from titanium dioxide, tin dioxide, tungsten trioxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, magnesium oxide, strontium titanium trioxide, and aluminum trioxide. The transparent conductive electrode comprises indium tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, zinc oxide, tin dioxide, zinc oxide-gallium trioxide and zinc oxide-aluminum trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The catalyst layer comprises platinum, ruthenium, palladium, iridium, rhodium, osmium, carbon, tungsten tri-oxide and titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first substrate or second substrate is made of glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyimide, and triacetyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer contained in composite is epoxy resin, saturated polyester resin, phenolic resin, polyimide resin and/or cyanate ester resin. The base layer is polyethylene terephthalate layer, polybutylene terephthalate layer, polyamide layer, polyimide layer, polyphenylene ether and/or polycarbonate layer. The adhesive layer is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-octylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer and/or polyvinyl butyral. Preferred Properties: The reinforcing layer has thickness of 30-1000 mu m, preferably 100-400 mu m. The base layer has thickness of 50-800 mu m, preferably 100-400 mu m. The adhesive layer has thickness of 50-1000 mu m, preferably 100-500 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The fabric has three-dimensional structure. The adhesive layer is provided between the base layer and the reinforcing layer. The fabric is made of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, glass fiber or polyethylene fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aliphatic polyester polyol is obtained by reacting 4-13C branched alkylene diol, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or its alkylester. The aliphatic polyester polyol has weight average molecular weight of 1000-6000 and hydroxyl value of 2-30 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The polyester polyurethane polyol has weight average molecular weight of 10000-200000. The resin composition further contains hydroxyl-containing aliphatic polycarbonate. EXAMPLE - 471.6 Parts mass neopentyl glycol, 510.5 parts mass adipic acid and 0.6 part mass titanium (di-i-propoxide)bis(acetylacetonate) were mixed, esterified by heating at 230-250 degrees C under dry nitrogen, stirred, cooled to 100 degrees C, and diluted with ethyl acetate, to obtain ethyl acetate solution of polyester diol having hydroxyl value of 117 mg potassium hydroxide/g. 765 Parts mass ethyl acetate solution of polyester polyol, 90.2 parts mass 1,6-hexanediol and 343.1 parts mass isophorone diisocyanate were mixed, stirred under nitrogen atmosphere, heated at 70-80 degrees C, and urethanation reaction was performed, to obtain polyester polyurethane polyol having isocyanate content rate of 0.3% or less, number average molecular weight of 11000, weight average molecular weight of 29000 and molecular weight distribution of 2.6 and hydroxyl value of 8 mg potassium hydroxide/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In the transparent conductive oxide layer, the content of zirconium with respect to total content of indium, zirconium and yttrium is 0.05-4.5 atomic%, and the content of yttrium with respect to total content of indium, zirconium and yttrium is 0.005-0.5 atomic%. Preferred Properties: The resistivity of transparent conductive oxide layer is 400 (( mu )( Omega ))-cm or less. The average transmittance of the transparent conductive oxide layer in wavelength of 400-800 nm is 85% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent base material comprises glass material or resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The back surface protective layer contains a component which optionally generates a free acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Light stabilizer is selected from 2-hydroxy-4-N-octyloxy benzophenone or 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone. Peroxide crosslinking agent is selected from 2,2-bis(4,4-di-t-butylperoxycyclohexyl)propane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)hexane, t-butyl peroxydicarbonate or t-butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate. Antioxidant is selected form N-octadecyl ester or tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite. Organosilane coupling agent is selected from methacrylate or propyl trimethoxy silaneor vinyltriethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealant comprises 100 pts. wt. E-51 epoxy resin, 20 pts. wt. 201 polysulfide rubber, 13 pts. wt. o-benzene dimethyl butyl resin, 15 pts. wt. diethylenetriamine, 2 pts. wt. talcum powder, 40 pts. wt. maleic anhydride, 13 pts. wt. low molecule polyamide-651, 18 pts. wt. stannous octoate, 5 pts. wt. propylene oxide ether or glycidyl ether of resorcinol and 25 pts. wt. diglycidyl ethers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The sodium-sulfur battery has compressive strength and resistivity in thickness direction of more than 0.05 MPa and 0.3 ( Omega ).cm2, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert atmosphere is nitrogen, helium or argon gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Properties: The oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber has bulk density, linear density and limiting oxygen index of 1.34 g/m3 or more, more than 1.2 dtex and 40% or more, respectively. The carbon content of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber is less than 40 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The surface coating is formed by plastic or metal material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photovoltaic cell has a spacer bonding element with a flexible inner layer that is comprised of polyetheretherketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The degree of oxidation and bulk density of lead powder is 75 plus minus 5% and 1.35 plus minus 0.05 g/cm3, respectively. The purity of graphite is more than 99.5%. The density of sulfuric acid is 1.4 g/cm3. Preferred Composition: The content of iron in red lead powder, stannous sulfate and antimony trioxide is 0.0008 wt.% or less, 0.005 wt.% or less and 0.005 wt.% or less, respectively. The water is deionized water. The coarse particle content of acetylene black is 0.02 wt.% or less. The content of barium sulfate having particle size of less than 1 mu m is 80 wt.% or more. The content of barium sulfate having particle size of less than 5 mu m is 60 wt.% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ash content and moisture content of lignin is 30 wt.% and 9 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anti-corrosive coating formed on a surface of the metal foam is made of graphene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal plating layer consists of a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, copper, iron, gold, silver, palladium, rhodium, chromium, zinc, tin, cadmium, an alloy of any of the foregoing elements consisting at least 50 wt.% of the alloy, and combinations thereof.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is terpineol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is chosen from methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is thermosetting resin e.g. epoxy-based resin and vinyl ester-based resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The weather resistant layer is made of titanium oxide particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder is made of fluorine-based polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating polymer consists of silicone, polyurethane and polyacrylates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorinated comonomer copolymerizable with vinylidene fluoride is vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether, perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether and perfluoro(propyl vinyl)ether, perfluoro(1,3-dioxole), and/or perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole). The PVDF layer has a thickness of 15-100 mu m. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer: has a basis weight of 10-100 g/m2; and comprises at least two monomers, preferably an acrylate or methacrylate monomer, and an acrylic or methacrylic monomer. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer comprises at least one monomer comprising 2-methylbutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, n-decylacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-ethyl acrylamide, N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide, N,N-diethyl acrylamide, N-octyl acrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate or methacrylate, and acrylate of cyclohexyl and N-vinyl pyrrolidone. The pressure sensitive adhesive: further comprises at least one crosslinking agent and/or photocrosslinking agent such as ethylenic unsaturated monomers including 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 1,2-ethylene glycol diacrylate and acrylic benzophenone; and is polyisobutylene or polymers comprising one or more monomer comprising isobutylene, n-butene, isoprene or butadiene. The substrate includes polyesters, polycarbonates, polyolefins, styrene-acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, polysulfones, polyurethanes, acrylic polymers, PVC, poly(phenylene oxide), polyamide-based resins, polyimide-based resins, polyamide-imide-based resins, and polyamide grafted polyolefins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: White laminated polyester film contains less than or equal to 50 wt.% white pigments on surface layer, and contains less than or equal to 5 wt.% titanium dioxide in middle layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The connection material comprises an acrylic resin having structural unit which has (meth)acryloyl group in a side chain, thermal polymerization initiator and electroconductive particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acrylic resin further has structural unit derived from (meth)acrylate monomer which has a hydroxyl group, and a structural unit derived from N-substituted maleimide. The content of structural unit which has tricyclodecane skeleton or benzyl group in the side chain is 5-80 %mass with respect to total mass of the monomer contained in the acrylic resin. The connection material further comprises electroconductive particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction is performed at 70-120 degrees C for 20-40 hours. The mixture of chromatographic column chromatography eluent uses 60-90 degrees centigrade petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in ratio of 1:1-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The content of graphite, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide in electroconductive ceramic layer is 18-35 wt.%, 30-45 wt.% and 30-50 wt.%, respectively. Preferred Property: The thickness of electroconductive ceramic layer is 0.2-0.6 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of chromium layer is 0.1-0.5 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The iron-based alloy-containing metallic bipolar plate is low-carbon steel or stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Bromine reagent is 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide or 2-bromopropionyl bromide. Low-valent metal catalyst is cuprous chloride, cuprous bromide, ferrous chloride or ferrous bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Ligand is pentamethyldiethylenetriamine or 2,2'-bipyridine. Solvent A is tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane. Solvent B is butanone or anisole. Crosslinking monomer is divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or ethylene glycol diacrylate. Lithium salt solution comprises lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate or lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as solute and propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, butylene carbonate and/or diethyl carbonate as solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polyethylene oxide-containing polymer is prepared by taking acid-binding agent and polyethylene glycol monoether at mass ratio of 0.12:0.83 and dissolving in organic solvent A to obtain component A; taking bromine reagent and component A at mass ratio of 0.17:1.76, adding bromine reagent dropwise, reacting for 12-36 hours, separating, purifying and drying to obtain component B; and dissolving ligand in organic solvent B to obtain ligand solution, mixing component B, 1.1-14 wt.% low-valent metal catalyst, 2-17 wt.% ligand solution and 12-178 wt.% crosslinking monomer and performing atom transfer radical polymerization at 60-80 degrees C. Preferred Component: Polyethylene glycol monoether is polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, polyethylene glycol monobutyl ether, polyethylene glycol monooctyl ether or ethylene glycol monodecyl ether with relative molecular mass of 206-2000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The back electrode layer is made of molybdenum, copper, gold, nickel, silver, aluminum, fluorine-doped tin oxide or tin-doped indium oxide. The N-type buffer layer is made of cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide or oxide, indium sulfide, indium sulfide, oxide or hydroxide, titanium oxide or zinc oxide. The oxide-type thin window layer is made of tin-doped indium oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide and fluorine-doped tin oxide. The metal gate electrode layer is made of molybdenum, copper, gold, nickel, silver or aluminum. Preferred Property: The thickness of substrate, back electrode layer, P-type absorber layer, N-type buffer layer, oxide-type thin window layer and metal gate electrode layer is 0.01-3 cm, 100-1000 nm, 0.2-3 mu m, 30-200 nm, 100-1000 nm and 1-10 mu m, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate is made of polyimide material, glass, aluminum, copper, or stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Average particle diameter of fine-particles which are inorganic fine particles is 0.1-3 mu m. Content rate of fine-particles contained to surface layer region is 2.5-6 mass% with respect to the mass of polyester contained to surface layer region. Preferred Components: Inorganic fine particle is a titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: Terminal carboxylic acid value of polyester film is 1-20 eq/tons. Partial discharge voltage (P) is greater than or equal to 2.4 mu m+400. Surface-resistance value is 1x 1010-1x 1014 ( omega )/cm2. Fluctuation of 1-10% is provided to extrusion pressure. Preferred Components: Polymer layer contains polyolefin resin. Functional layer contains a silicone resin. Polyester film contains carbodiimide compound or ketene imine compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conjugated backbone further comprises thiophene ring. The repeating unit is of formula (I).R1,R2=4-20C alkyl optionally substituted by oxo, oxa or hydroxy, 4-20C alkenyl optionally substituted by oxo, oxa or hydroxy or 4-20C alkynyl optionally substituted by oxo, oxa or hydroxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The external sheet comprises a steel material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The translucent cover is an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) material and the foam comprises a polyisocyanurate foam material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Linear ester is selected from methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate or butyl propionate. Organic solvent is selected from polypropylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate. Electrolyte is selected from vinyl monomer or polymer electrolyte, which is gel-like polymerization reaction product of precursor solution in which the polymer electrolyte contains the monomer forming polymer with polymerization reaction. Vinyl monomer is selected from acrylonitrile, methylmethacrylate, methyl acrylate, methacrylonitrile, methylstyrene, polyvinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylamide, tetrafluoroethylene, vinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, methylvinyl ketone, ethylene or styrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The secondary inorganic layer further comprises inorganic microparticles (22) which are hollow colloidal silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anti-glare film further comprises a pigment or dye in primary inorganic layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The secondary coating liquid used to form anti-glare film comprises 0.1-20 wt.% polysilazane and a solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The flame retardant is phosphate flame retardant. The resin composition further contains 0.01-1 part mass carbonate and/or sulfate of alkaline-earth metal (E).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of particles of hydrogenated block copolymer is 0.2-1 mu m. Preferred Composition: The content of styrene resin is 20 %mass or more in mixed resin of polyphenylene ether resin and styrene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device includes a binder that comprises butyl rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The intrinsic semiconductor layer is formed of microcrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The intrinsic semiconductor layer is formed of polycrystalline silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: In the electronic device: the adhesion is at least 40 N/cm; and the adhesion is measured after damp heat aging at 85 degrees C and 85% humidity for at least 1000 hours. The surface modification is a coating comprising at least one of a functional polyolefin or functional group. The functionalized polyolefin is poly(ethylene vinyl acetate), ethylene acrylate copolymers, ethylene acid copolymers, chlorinated polyolefin, and/or amino, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid or maleic anhydride modified polyolefins. The functional group is hydroxyl, silane, silanol, amino, epoxy, ester, carboxylic acid, maleic anhydride and/or peroxide. The surface modification is an epoxy silane or amino silane. The surface modification is atmospheric plasma-applied functional molecules. The functional molecules are alcohols, amines, carboxylic acids or functional silanes. The backsheet or front sheet is an polyamide/polyamide/polyamide (AAA) backsheet, an fluoropolymer/polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide (FPA) backsheet, a poly(vinyl fluoride)/polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polyamide (TPA) backsheet, an polyamide/PET/polyamide (APA) backsheet, a Tedlar (RTM: Poly(vinyl fluoride)/(PET)/Tedlar (or poly(vinyl fluoride)) (TPT) backsheet, a Kynar (RTM: Poly(vinylidene fluoride))/PET/Kynar (RTM: Poly(vinylidene fluoride)) (KPK) backsheet, a fluoropolymer/PET/fluoropolymer backsheet, an poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE)-containing front sheet, an fluorinated ethylene propylene-containing front sheet, a poly(vinylidene fluoride)-containing front sheet, a polyimide containing front sheet, and a polyethylene terephthalate/polyethylene naphthalate (PET/PEN) front sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkyl sulfonate ion is methyl sulfonate ion. The first metal ion is lithium ion. The second metal ion is zinc ion. The electrolyte further comprises additives chosen from ferric oxide or ferric nitrate. The electrolytic solution further comprises a sulfate ion, chloride ion, acetate ion and nitrate ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is water or alcohol. The battery comprises a negative modifier chosen from gelatin, agar, cellulose, cellulose ethers and their soluble salts and/or dextrin. The positive electrode comprises a conductive agent chosen i.e. graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During manufacture process, the platinum core-shell catalyst is dispersed in sulfuric acid aqueous solution. The metal having lower oxidation-reduction potential than the oxide formation onset potential of platinum of the platinum core-shell catalyst is metal copper. Oxygen supply is done by supplying gas containing oxygen to platinum core-shell catalyst dispersion containing metal copper. The stirring process is performed at 50-100 degrees C. Measurement and control of pH of solution is carried out, during manufacture process. Supply of oxygen is performed by controlling blow-in air and/or oxygen partial pressure. After dispersion process, ORR mass activity of the platinum core-shell catalyst is 1.5-5 times with respect to ORR activity of the platinum core-shell catalyst, during dispersion process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The photoelectric conversion element further includes a secondary hole transport layer (10) containing a polymeric material, between the hole transport layer and the secondary electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron carrying layer contains a material chosen from titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and niobium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Compound (I) is preferably of formula (I) or (II). Preferred Composition: The hole transport layer further contains an ionic liquid containing imidazolium compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The system includes a joint made of insulating resin selected from a group consisting of polycarbonate, polyether-ether ketone (RTM: Colorless organic polymer thermoplastic) and phenol resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ultraviolet absorber contains benzophenone-type compound or benzotriazole-type compound. The ultraviolet absorber has a repeating structure more than a dimer. The additive is chosen from hindered amine light stabilizer, crosslinking agent, crosslinking adjuvant, and antioxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin is polyolefin resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified compound, ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymer saponified compound, and ethylene copolymer containing glycidyl methacrylate. The resin sealing sheet further contains 0.01-5 parts mass coupling agent, and an additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acceptor material comprises fullerene compound. The mass ratio of donor material and acceptor material is 1:1-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The thiophene-based polymer (I) is obtained by polymerizing thiophene-containing monomer of formula (II) and functional group-containing monomer of formula: Y'-A-Y'.X,Y'=borate, zinc halide group, magnesium halide group or trialkyltin group.Preferred Process: The thiophene-containing monomer (II) is obtained by polymerizing bromine-containing monomer of formula (III), silicon-containing monomer of formula (IV) and thiophene-containing monomer of formula (V). Preferred Definitions:    A=4,7-dimethylpyrido(3,4-c)(1,2,5)thiadiazolyl, 5,6-difluoro-4,7-dimethyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazolyl, 4,9-dimethylquinoxalino(6,7-c)(1,2,5)thiadiazolyl, 4,12-dithia-3,5,11,13-tetraazatetracyclo(7.7.0.02,6.010,14)hexadeca-1(9),2,5,7,10,13,15-heptaenyl, 4,7-dimethyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazolyl or 4,9-dimethylnaphtho(2,3-c)(1,2,5)thiadiazolyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of chromium at the surface of three-dimensional mesh-type structure of porous metal component is 3-70 %mass. Preferred Process: Alternately, the metal porous component is obtained by forming an electroconductive coating layer on porous component base material comprising resin materials, forming nickel-tin alloy layer on surface of the electroconductive coating layer, forming chromium layer using mixture of powder of chromium, and binder on surface of nickel-tin alloy layer, and mutually diffusing metal atoms between the chromium layer and nickel-tin alloy layer by heat-treating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate is made of heat conducting ceramic such as aluminum nitride ceramic or alumina ceramic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electric conduction structure is made of copper, gold, silver, magnesium, tungsten, titanium, zinc, chromium and nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of heat-conducting plastic such as conducting heat liquid crystal polymer, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalamide and heat-conducting polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In step (ii), the concentration of aqueous dispersion of polystyrene beads is 2.5-5 wt.%, and the polystyrene beads are 2-3 mu m. In step (iii), the concentration of aqueous ammonia solution is 25-28 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The UV reflection laminated portion contains a laminate of high-refractive-index layer and low-refractive-index layer containing polyvinyl alcohol with different saponification degree.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The ratio (R) of pores is preferably 40% or more. The porous layer has thickness of 2-10 mu m. The inorganic filler has aspect ratio of 1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductor consists of a metal, electroconductive oxide, conductive polymer, and rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic filler comprises aluminum hydroxide and/or antimony trioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of nano aluminum powder with respect to alumina sol is 1-5 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of polypropylene butyral is 1-5 %mass. The dispersant is Efka-4300 (RTM: high-molecular weight dispersant). The dispersant is added in three batches in an amount of 1/10000-1/1000 with respect to the total amount, in each batch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The resin component appears colorless to light yellow transparent viscous body, has viscosity of 2200-6500 cps at 25 degrees C, density of 1.1-1.2 g/cm3, epoxy equivalent weight of 165-175 g/eq; and the curing agent component appears light yellow to light brown transparent liquid, has viscosity of 100-300 cps at 25 degrees C, density of 0.95-1.05 g/cm3, and amine value of 450-550 mg/g potassium hydroxide. The hand lay epoxy resin composition: has viscosity of 800-2000 cps at 25 degrees C, operating time for 20-80 minutes, gelation time of 45-305 minutes at 23 degrees C, and drying time of 70-360 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyvinylidene fluoride A resin and polyvinylidene fluoride B resin have a mass ratio of 20:80-80:20. The polymethyl methacrylate, and polyvinylidene fluoride A and B resin have a mass ratio of 60:40-95:5. The polymethyl methacrylate, titanium dioxide, fluidity modifier and lubricant have a mass ratio of 100:5-30:1-5:1-10. The fluidity modifier is phthalic acid ester, dibasic acid ester, phosphate ester or polyhydric alcohol ester, and has a boiling point of not less than 150 degrees C. The lubricant is stearic acid, ricinoleic acid, calcium stearate, lead stearate, butyl stearate, stearic acid amide, paraffin wax, polyethylene wax or oxidized polyethylene wax.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Component (A) is colorless or yellowish viscous material, its viscosity is 1100-1700 cps, density is 1.1-1.2/cm3, and epoxy equivalent weight is 165-175 g/eq. Viscosity of the composition after mixing components (A) and (B) for 30-100 minutes is 200-300 cps. Thickness of composition is 1 mm at 23 degrees C for 4-15 hours. Preferred Process: Pressing tank barrel when filling buckets filled with nitrogen gas protection.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: Emulsifying device rotating speed is 10000-100000 rpm, and dispersing time is 1.5-3 hours. Emulsifying time is 1.5-3 hours. Preferred Compositions: Total mass of dispersant mixed solution is 1/10000-1/1000, and dispersant is EFKA-4300 (RTM: Acrylic block copolymer). Total mass of acrylamide monomer is 1-5 mass% of mixture, and adding time is 1.5-3 hours. Amount of crosslinking agent is 1-5 mass% of mixed solution total mass, adding time in batches is 1.5-3 hours, and crosslinking agent is methylene bisacrylamide. Amount of photopolymerization initiator is 1-5 mass% of mixed solution total mass, adding time is 1.5-3 hours, and photopolymerization is 2-hydroxy-methylphenyl propan-1-one.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive comprises 35-55 pts. wt. ketone, 10-25 pts. wt. alcohol ether ester, 10-20 pts. wt. acid lipid and 10-30 pts. wt. alcohol ether. A solvent (S2) of photocurable fluorine-modified acrylic-based resin solution is alcohol, ketone, ether, ester and/or hydrocarbon. The concentration of solvent (S2) is 20-30%. The solvent (S1) is alcohol, ester, ether, thioether, glycol ether, glycol ether acetate, amine, amide, ketone and/or hydrocarbon. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, amyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol and/or fluorinated alcohol. The ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol and/or N- methylpyrrolidone. The ester is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate and/or butyl glycol acetate. The ether is diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether and/or methoxypropanol. The viscosity modifier is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly-3-methylthiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone, and/or hydrocarbon. Ink contains ketones, esters, and ethers. Alcohol is methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, hexanol, and/or fluorinated alcohol. Ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, and/or N-methyl pyrrolidone. Ester is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate, and/or butyl glycol acetate. Ether is diethyl ether, dipropylene ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and/or methoxy propanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Fluorine-modified polyurethane resin is fluorine-containing polyhydric alcohol compounds, fluorine-containing polyisocyanate, fluorine-containing chain extender, fluorinated blocking agent, and fluorine-modified polyurethane acrylate. Viscosity regulator is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly-3-methylthiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Additive contains 35-55 pts. wt. ketone, 10-25 pts. wt. alcohol ether ester, 10-20 pts. wt. acid resin, and 10-30 pts. wt. alcohol ether. Solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, thioether, glycol ether, glycol ether acetate, amine, amide, ketone, and/or hydrocarbon. Alcohol is methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, hexanol, and/or fluorinated alcohol. Ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, and/or N-methyl pyrrolidone. Ester is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate, and/or butyl glycol acetate. Ether is diethyl ether, dipropylene ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and/or methoxypropanol. Viscosity regulator is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or poly-3-methylthiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone, or hydrocarbon. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, or fluorinated alcohol. The ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, or N-methylpyrrolidone. The ester is alcohol ether ester, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, diol ether acetate, or butyl glycol acetate. The ether is diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, and/or ethylene glycol ether. The viscosity regulator is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly-3-methylthiophene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyester resin is unsaturated polyester resin or unsaturated polyester resin and epoxy resin, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, or organic silicon-modified resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The backrest base is made of isophthalic resin, vinyl resin or epoxy resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises solvent and thickening agent such as 50-60% butylcarbitol, 15-20% glyceryl, 15-20% two-hydroxyethyl cocoamine and 5-10% ethylcellulose. The additive comprises 90-97% nano silver and 3-10% organosilicon coupling agent such as methyltrimethoxysilane silane coupling agent, KH-550 coupling agent, KH-560 coupling agent and/or KH-570 coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The module shell is made of metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery is made of polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is chosen from methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran. The precipitating agent is chosen from methanol, ethanol and hexane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The styrene block copolymer is linear styrene-butadiene block copolymer, linear styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer, radial styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer and styrene-isoprene block copolymer. The volume ratio of polymer micelle solution and graphene oxide is 1:0.5-5. The mass ratio of polymer, graphene oxide and titanium dioxide is 10-80:1:5-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is copper wafer, silicon wafer and/or nickel wafer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The precursor solution (S1) contains 0.3-3 mol/l ammonium metavanadate, 0.05-0.3 mol/l ammonium chloride, 0.1-1 mol/L lithium acetate and 0.1-5 wt.% auxiliary agent aqueous solution. The auxiliary agent is ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, N-amyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol having average molecular weight of less than 5000. The precursor solution (S2) contains 0.1-1.6 mol/l lithium acetate, 0.125-2 mol/L n-butyl titanate, 0.1-1 mol/l acetic acid and 0.1-5 wt.% auxiliary agent aqueous solution. The combustion gas contains hydrogen, acetylene and butadiene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Crosslinking curing agent is selected from tert.-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate or 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane. Antioxidant is selected from bis (2,4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite or tris (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl ) phosphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Fluorine-containing polymer coating comprises (in pts.wt.): polyacrylate latex (100), ionic surfactant (0.1-5), defoaming agent (0.001-0.1), stabilizing agent (0.001-0.1), and leveling agent (0.001-0.1). Molar ratio of mixing ionic surfactant with polyacrylate latex is 2:10-1:1. Preferred Components: Defoaming agent is selected from dimethylsiloxane or polyethylene. Stablizing agent is selected from phthalic acid amide or dimethylbenzene. Leveling agent is selected from polydimethylsiloxane or amino polyether. Preferred Process: Composite membrane preparation involves treating polyacrylate latex, ionic surfactant, defoaming agent, stabilizing agent, and leveling agent uniformly to obtain mixed solution. The obtained product is cured at 35-60 degrees C on polyolefin membrane and then soaked in ethanol solution (5wt.%). The obtained product is treated with 5wt.% of silane coupling agent and 0.5-3pts.wt. of nitric acid to obtain resultant product, which is dried to obtain desired product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The back-side protective substrate component (1) has 1 or 2 layers containing olefin resin as main component. The sealing material contains olefin resin as main component. The contact bonding layer in the back-side protection base material is obtained using composition containing urethane resin, and resin chosen from melamine resin, epoxy resin, and olefin resin. The contact bonding layer further contains adhesive resin chosen from epoxy-modified olefin resin, acid-modified olefin resin, amide-modified olefin resin, and silane-modified olefin resin. The adhesive resin is ethylene-glycidylmethacrylate copolymer. The back-side protective substrate component (2) has a layer containing 1-30 %mass polyethylene terephthalate as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode active material includes silicon-based compound and/or 10-90 wt.% graphite. The loading level of the electrode is 4.5-10 g/cm2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of repeating unit (I) and repeating unit (II) contained with respect to total content of the copolymer is 40-90 mol% and 10-90 mol%, respectively. The molar ratio of copolymer and polyacrylamide is 1:9-5:5. The content of semi-interpenetrating polymer network and polyalkylene glycol contained in the binder composition is 50-95 mol% and 5-50 mol%, respectively. The weight average molecular weight of polyalkylene glycol is 400-10000 g/mol. The binder composition further comprises a free lithium ion (Li+). The content of free lithium ion contained with respect to total content of copolymer and polyacrylamide is 1-10 mol%. The content of cyclic unsaturated acid anhydride monomer contained with respect to total content of the copolymer is 40-90 mol%. The content of olefin-based monomer, aromatic vinyl monomer and/or alkyl vinyl ether monomer contained with respect to total content of the copolymer is 10-60 mol%. The content of polyalkylene glycol is 5-50 mol% based on total content of copolymer, polyacrylamide and polyalkylene glycol. The addition amount of alkali metal-containing compound with respect to 100 pts. wt. copolymer is 28-34 pts. wt. During preparation of binder composition, a polymerization initiator and a lithium-containing compound are added to the solution. Preferred Properties: The binder composition has a pH value of 8-11 and viscosity of 10000-100000 cPs.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The flexible membrane is made of silicon nitride. The membrane electrode is made of silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The membrane electrode is made of metal alloy or metal i.e. aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible membrane is made of crystalline or polycrystalline material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is made from the nanoparticles. The electrode further contains a binder in the coating. The electrode is made from carbon, indium tin oxide or fluorine tin oxide, or gold or mercury. The electrolyte is a buffered aqueous solution. Preferred Process: The coating of electrode is performed by electrodeposition process and electroplating process. The proton reduction process is carried out at 15-30 degrees C. Method for performing proton reduction further involves applying overpotential of less than 0.3 V to the electrode. Preferred Properties: The nanoparticles have a particle size of 200 nm or less. The electrolyte has pH of 6.5-7.5. The potential applied to the electrode is preferably (0.1+0.059x pH of electrolyte) V to (0.3+0.059x pH of electrolyte) V with respect to normal hydrogen electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder is chosen from conductive polymer, ionomer, and fluoropolymer, preferably fluorinated polymer having sulfonic end groups such as perfluorosulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation Claimed: The polymer is synthesized by a transition metal catalyzed cross coupling reaction, Stille cross coupling and Suzuki polycondensation. Preferred Property: The polymer has number average molar mass of 10000-200000 Daltons, preferably more than 70000 Daltons. Preferred Composition: The polymer comprises phenyl endcaps. The electron acceptor polymer or molecule is fullerene derivative(s). Preferred Definitions:    R2,R6=n-hexyl;and    R1,R5=dimethyloctyl or 2-ethylhexyl.    EXAMPLE - 99.68 mg 5,11-Diiodo-2,8-bis(5-(4-methylhexyl)-4-pentylthiophen-2-yl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaene, 38.8 mg 4,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, 8 mg tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, 20 mg tri(2-methylphenyl)phosphine and two drops Aliquat 336 (RTM: quaternary ammonium salt) were added to microwave vial, sealed and purged with nitrogen. 2 mL Degassed toluene and 2 mL sodium carbonate solution were added to the vial under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was placed in oil bath maintained at 90 degrees C and stirred for 25 minutes. The polymer was end capped with phenyl groups by adding 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane, heating for 3 hours and reacting with bromobenzene for 3 hours. The polymer was precipitated by pouring the reaction mixture into methanol. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed using water, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and finally using heptane. The polymer was purified by Soxhlet extraction using ethyl acetate, heptane, dichloromethane, chloroform, xylene, chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene sequentially. The dichloromethane, chloroform, xylene, chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene fractions were concentrated under vacuum and precipitated in hexane. The five fractions of precipitated polymers were filtered separately and washed using methanol and dried under high vacuum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoluminescent compound having primary absorption range and primary emission range is chosen from benzothiadiazole compounds such as 4,7-di-(thien-2'-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, and acene compounds such as 9,10-diphenylanthracene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primary and secondary luminescent solar concentrators comprise a matrix obtained from a transparent material chosen from transparent polymers such polymethylmethacrylate, polycarbonate, polyisobutyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polyallyl diglycol carbonate, polymethacrylimide, polycarbonate ether, styrene acrylonitrile, polystyrene, methyl-methacrylate styrene copolymer, polyether sulfone, polysulfone and/or cellulose triacetate, and transparent glass such as silica, quartz, alumina and/or titania.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The support substrate is made of rigid material i.e. glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The support substrate is made of rigid material e.g. thick metal. The support substrate is made of flexible material i.e. metal foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The support substrate is made of flexible material i.e. polymer, and the transparent substrate is a PET substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silver corrosion inhibitor is 0.01-5 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass silver contained in the reflection layer. The silver corrosion inhibitor is compound containing triazole ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The compression-bonding process is performed by conveying the laminated material between pair of nip rolls in heating furnace (301), and pressurizing. The laminated material is heated at temperature of 55-95 degrees C, during compression-bonding process. Preferred Composition: The content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is preferably 30-50 %mass with respect to ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Properties: The melt flow rate of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is preferably 0-5 g/10 minutes. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has a viscosity of 1x 104-3x 105 Pa.second at 60-110 degrees C. The viscosity change rate (r) of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with respect to a temperature change of 60-90 degrees C is 90% or less, preferably 80% or less, which is calculated using formula: r=(( eta )60( degrees C)-( eta )90( degrees C))/( eta )60( degrees C)x 100(%) (I), where ( eta )60( degrees C) and ( eta )90( degrees C) are viscosity at 60 degrees C and 90 degrees C, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The laminated material has Erichsen value of 10 mm or more, when measured by Erichsen test based on ISO20482. The peeling strength of laminated material is 2.9 N/cm or more, when peeling the polyamide film and the metal foil mutually. Preferred Component: The peeling interface formed by peeling is not an interlayer of adhesive bond layer and metal foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-phosphorus-oxygen type alkali metal salt has lithium as an alkali metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anion is sulfonylcarbonylimide anion in which one sulfonyl group and one carbonyl group combined with a sulfonylimide anion or nitrogen combined with two sulfonyl groups. The electrolyte further comprises phosphorus-oxygen type compound that is monomer or polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The insulation particles are hollow nano-ceramic material, preferably glass beads, pearl powder, polystyrene particles, vermiculite, ceramic particles or polyurethane particles. The fibrous material is sepiolite or glass fiber. The cementitious material is cement powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The protective layer is a polyurethane foam plastic layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The dielectric components are made of a material selected from a group consisting of polyimide, PTFE and benzocyclobutene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide contains silicon oxide and zirconium oxide. Preferred Composition: The content of aluminum oxide is 0.2-5 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. titanium dioxide before coating on its surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organosilicon compound is silane compound of formula (Rn-Si-(OR1)4-n), and its hydrolytic condensation reaction material.R = H, alkyl, vinyl, methacryl or epoxy;R1 = alkyl, aryl or acyl; andn = 1-3.Preferred Composition: The content of organosilicon compound is 0.1-5 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. titanium dioxide before coating on its surface. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The flexible glass substrate is made of glass, glass ceramic or ceramic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The flexible glass substrate is a glass selected from group consisting of borosilicate, aluminosilicate and soda-lime.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): The picene derivative is obtained by carrying out polycondensation reaction of halogenated ( pi ) conjugation group of formula: X-Y1-Z1-Y2-X and a picene derivative of formula (A). Preferred Composition: The picene derivative further has a structural unit of formula (II).Y1,Y2=group chosen from groups of formulae (y1)-(y8), in which H is optionally substituted by halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, thiol, NR10R11, optionally substituted hydrocarbyl or optionally substituted heterocyclyl;Z1=single bond or group chosen from groups of formulae (Z1)-(Z21), in which H is optionally substituted by halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, thiol, NR10R11, optionally substituted hydrocarbyl or optionally substituted heterocyclyl;n=1-1000;X1,X4=S, O, or NR4;k=1-4;R4=optionally substituted hydrocarbyl;R10,R11=optionally substituted hydrocarbyl;X2=S or NR7;X3=S, NR7, CR8R9 or SiR8R9;X5=S, O, or NR7;andR7-R9=optionally substituted hydrocarbyl. EXAMPLE - 46 mg 8,15-Dithiapentacyclo(11.7.0.02,10.05,9.014,18)icosa-1(13),2(10),3,5(9),6,11,14(18),16,19-nonaene, 102 mg 3,6-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2,5-diethyl-1H,2H,4H,5H-pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4-dione, 0.7 mg palladium acetate, 4.6 mg pivalic acid and 1.5 mL dimethylacetamide were added to a flask and stirred at 100 degrees C for 24 hours. The obtained mixture was cooled to room temperature. The saturated aqueous solution of sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate was added to reaction mixture and stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The obtained reaction mixture was purified using chloroform/methanol. The deposit was filtered and 58 mg 2,9'-phenanthro(1,2-b:8,7-b')dithiophene alto 5-diethyl hexyl-3,6-bis(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4-dione was obtained as blue solid having number average molecular weight of 2300, weight average molecular weight of 2900 with yield of 47%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The thickness of electron-transport layer, light-absorbing layer, hole-transport layer and top electrode layer is 30-60 nm, 300-400 nm, 100-200 nm and 60-150 nm, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent electrode layer is formed using indium-tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide. The top electrode layer comprises metal electrode. The electron-transport layer is formed using electron-transporting material. The light-absorbing layer is formed using perovskite-structured photovoltaic material. The hole-transport layer is formed using hole-transporting material. The electron-transporting material comprises metal oxide. The perovskite-structured photovoltaic material comprises organic or inorganic ABX3-type structure hybrid-type crystal perovskite. The metal oxide is titanium dioxide or zinc oxide. The hole-transporting material is organic or inorganic material. The inorganic hole-transporting material comprises nickel oxide (NiOx), molybdenum oxide (MoOy) and/or vanadium pentoxide, where x is 1-1.5 and y is 2-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic hole-transporting material comprises 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-p-dimethoxy-phenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-MeOTAD).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is glass or flexible plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reflective insulation layer further comprises 0.1-30 wt.% broadband n-type semiconductor nanoparticles as filler. The broadband n-type semiconductor nanoparticles are chosen from tin-doped indium oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, tin dioxide, indium oxide and zinc oxide. The each of primary thermally conductive adhesive layer and secondary thermally conductive adhesive layer comprises component chosen from aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, graphite and carbon nanotube, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the reflective insulation layer is 10-100 mu m. The thickness of each of primary thermally conductive adhesive layer and secondary thermally conductive adhesive layer is 5-25 mu m, respectively. The thickness of the base layer is 50-300 mu m. The thickness of the weather-resistant layer is 10-30 mu m. Preferred Composition: The base layer is polyethylene terephthalate layer. The weather-resistant layer comprises Polyvinyl fluoride resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The primary substrate is glass substrate. The secondary substrate is chosen from tempered glass substrate, polymer substrate, plastic substrate, stainless steel substrate, aluminum plate and composite board. Preferred Property: The thickness of each of primary substrate and secondary substrate is 2.8 mm or less, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The solar cell array layer is single-crystal silicon solar cell film, polycrystalline silicon solar cells array film, amorphous silicon solar cell array, arsonium potassium solar cell array, cadmium telluride solar cell array, copper indium selenide solar cell array, copper indium gallium selenide solar cell array and dye-sensitized solar cell array film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The each of primary layer and secondary layer comprises component chosen from acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane and silicone, respectively. The each of primary adhesive layer and secondary adhesive layer comprises component chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, silicone, silicone resin and epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal complex additive in a metal element is selected from tungsten, zirconium, iridium, yttrium, manganese, ruthenium, cerium, vanadium, zinc, titanium, and lanthanum. The metal complex additive contains nitrogen, oxygen coordination atom, such as benzimidazole, morpholine, nitrogen ring, salicylaldehyde Schiff base, phenolic oxygen Schiff base structure e.g. compound of formula (I).R1-R4 = H, alkyl, alkylene, 1-10C aryl with halogen-substituted, olefin, sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, phosphonium group or carboxyl or alkyl substituted in a group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The perfluorosulfonic acid resin has of formula (CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2SO2F), (CF2=CFOCF2CFOCF2CF2SO2F), (CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F), (CF2=CFOCF2CFOCF2CF2CF2CF2SO2F), with multi-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer obtained by hydrolysis acidification, the number average molecular weight of 14000-15000 square and the perfluoro phosphate resin is polymer acidified with tetrafluoroethylene copolymerized monomer of formula (CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2PO(OCH3)2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inorganic UV absorbent is nano-zinc oxide, nano-tin oxide, nano-indium tin oxide, or nano-antimony tin oxide. Anti-scratch agent is aluminum oxide or titanium oxide. Anti-blocking agent is magnesium carbonate or barium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicone oil is aminoethyl aminopropyl polysiloxane. The penetrating agent is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and/or fatty alcohol ethoxylates. The thickening agent is carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose. The metal chelating agent is EDTA disodium salt. The pH regulator is ammonia solution, organic amine or diethanolamine solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive carbon material is chosen from graphite, carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes and graphene, preferably graphite and carbon black. The substrate is chosen from metal foil, metal sheet, graphite paper and electroconductive glass. The substrate has a thickness of 0.01-5 mm and resistivity of 10-8-10-3 ( Omega ).m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of electroconductive carbon material and thermoplastic polymer is 1:1-10:1. The thermoplastic polymer is thermoplastic rubber and thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 50-200 degrees C. The thermoplastic resin is chosen from polyvinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyacrylate and polystyrene. The thermoplastic rubber is chosen from styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer, olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer, diene-based thermoplastic elastomer and polyurethane-based thermoplastic elastomer. An additive is added to the carbon slurry. The additive is chosen from ethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, benzophenone and titanium dioxide. The thermoplastic carbon electrode has a thickness of 0.005-1 mm, preferably 0.1-0.2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by adding pinacolborane-containing fluorene derivative of formula (i) and bromine-containing 4,5-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole derivative of formula (ii) at molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 in organic solvent containing catalyst and alkaline solution, and reacting at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, preferably at 90-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours. Preferred Components: The catalyst is organic palladium compound and/or organic palladium organophosphorus ligand at molar ratio of 1:4-8. The organic solvent is toluene, N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium compound is organic bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic palladium organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, or 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl. The alkaline solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of catalyst and organic palladium is 1:20-100. The molar ratio of alkaline solution and compound (I) is 1:20-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by mixing tin-containing 4H-cyclopenta(1,2-b:5,4-b')dithiophene derivative (i) and bromine-containing succinimide derivative (ii), reacting at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, preferably at 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours, adding methanol, precipitating, filtering, successively washing with methanol and n-hexane, extracting with chloroform, evaporating, and purifying. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of compound (i) and compound (ii) is 1:1-1.2. The molar ratio of catalyst and organic palladium is 1:20-100. The molar ratio of alkaline solution and compound (I) is 1:20-50. Preferred Components: The catalyst is organic palladium compound and/or organic palladium organophosphorus ligand at molar ratio of 1:4-8. The organic solvent is toluene, N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium compound is organic bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic palladium organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, or 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl. The alkaline solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium hydrogen carbonate solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by mixing boron-containing 3-diphenylamino-phenol derivative of formula (i) and bromine-containing thiophene derivative of formula (ii), reacting at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, preferably at 90-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, adding methanol, precipitating, filtering, successively washing with methanol and n-hexane, extracting with chloroform, evaporating, and purifying. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of catalyst and organic palladium is 1:20-100. The molar ratio of alkaline solution and compound (I) is 1:20-50. Preferred Components: The catalyst is organic palladium compound and/or organic palladium organophosphorus ligand at molar ratio of 1:4-8. The organic solvent is toluene, N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium compound is organic bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic palladium organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, or 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl. The alkaline solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium hydrogen carbonate solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The photoresistor is visible light photosensitive resistor or cadmium sulfide photoresistor. The photoresistor is provided in epoxy resin package. The battery is lithium battery. The output voltage of the battery is 12 V.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heavy metal ion is titanium(IV)ion or stannous ion. The anionic radical is phosphate, bisulfite and carboxy. Oxyhalide bismuth is bismuth oxychloride, bismuth oxybromide or bismuth oxyiodide. Aldehyde crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde, succinaldehyde or malondialdehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin resin is low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer, polypropylene, polybutene and olefin copolymer having 4-8 carbon atoms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises performing Suzuki coupling of trimethyl(thieno(3,2-b)thiophen-5-yl)stannane compound of formula (II) and 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (III) in the presence of catalyst and organic solvent according to a mole ratio of 1:1-1.5:1 under inert gas atmosphere at 60-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours and then separating and purifying. Preferred Method: (II) is prepared by adding 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole compound of formula (IV) and thieno(3,2-b)thiophen-5-ylboronic acid compound of formula (V) in the presence of catalyst and solvent according to a mole ratio of 1:1.1-1:1.2 under an inert gas atmosphere, stirring and refluxing the reaction mixture at 60-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours to obtain crude product of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole compound of formula (VI), cooling to room temperature, pouring the reaction liquid into distilled water, combining the organic phase, washing organic phase with saturated salt water and dichloromethane, drying the mixture, then filtering, separating and purifying by silicon glue chromatography, adding (VI) in the presence of tetrahydrofuran, stirring the mixture, cooling the mixture at -78 degrees C, slowly adding 2.2-2.5 times of n-butyl lithium and n-hexane solution, stirring the mixture at 78 degrees C for 2-3 hours, then adding tetrahydrofuran solution and trimethyl tin chloride, heat preserving the mixture at room temperature for 0.5-1 hour, continuously reacting for 20-24 hours, and decompressing and distilling to remove the excess of trimethyl chloride. The separating and purifying steps comprise decompressing and distilling (II) and (III) to remove excess of organic solvent, then dripping in methanol, filtering the mixture using a filter, washing the mixture with methanol, then drying, leaching in chloroform and Soxhlet extracting with acetone, and vacuum pumping obtained product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Benzothiadiazole conjugated polymer of formula (I) is also represented by compound of formulae (II-V). The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The solvent is tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or toluene..    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Benzothiadiazole conjugated polymer derivatives of formula (I) is prepared by reacting compound of formula (II) with 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole in presence of inert gas, catalyst and organic solvent at 60-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours to obtain the semi-finished product. The semi-finished product is purified to obtain the desired product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): A benzothiophene compound of formula (i) and benzothiadiazole compound of formula (ii) are reacted in inert gas atmosphere, primary catalyst is added, then the resultant product is subjected to coupling reaction at 60-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, the resultant product is isolated and purified, to obtain compound (I). The molar ratio of compound (i) and compound (ii) is 1.1:1-1.5:1. Preferred Composition: The benzothiadiazole-containing conjugated polymer (I) is conjugated polymer of formulae (II)-(V). Preferred Process: The compound (i) is obtained by providing triazole compound of formula (A) and thiophene compound of formula (B) into a reactor in inert gas atmosphere, adding carbonate, secondary catalyst and reaction solvent, stirring the reactor at 60-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, cooling to room temperature, extracting the resultant product with dichloromethane, washing the resultant product with saturated brine, filtering, drying, purifying the resultant product using silica gel column to obtain aromatic compound of formula (C), adding tetrahydrofuran, stirring the resultant product, cooling the resultant product to -78 degrees C, dripping n-butyllithium and n-hexane, stirring the resultant product for 2-3 hours, adding tetrahydrofuran solution and trimethyltin chloride, reacting the resultant product at room temperature, and distilling the resultant product. The molar ratio of compound (A) and compound (B) is 1:1.1-1:1.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mole ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The mole ratio of catalyst and (II) is 1:20-1:100. The alkali solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution. The mole ratio of (II) and alkali solution is 20:1-50:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or (2,6-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)dicyclohexylphosphine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises performing Suzuki coupling of 3-((Z)-prop-1-enyl)-2-((E)-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)vinyl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-1H-indole compound of formula (II) and 1,3-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione compound of formula (III) in the presence of catalyst, alkali and organic solvent according to a mole ratio of 1:1-1:1. 2 under oxygen free environment at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, where the catalyst is organic palladium or organic phosphorus ligand. Preferred Method: The Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours. The method further comprises separating and purifying (II) and (III) with methanol precipitate, then filtering obtained solid, extracting the solid with methanol, normal hexane and chloroform, collecting chloroform solution, and evaporating the solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic solvent is selected from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, palladium acetate, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), tri-tert.-butylphosphine, tri(o-tolyl)phosphine or dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxy-2-biphenylyl)phosphine. The electric acceptor material is methyl 6,6-phenyl-C61-butanoate or (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester..    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Thiophene containing pyrrole-dione polymer units of formula (I) is prepared by reacting phenothiazine derivative of formula (II) with thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole derivative of formula (III) in organic solvent, catalyst and oxygen free environment at 70-130 degrees C for 24-96 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The alkaline salt such as sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate is used for regulating proportion of separator inner water solution specific gravity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The interface modification layer contains silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide, silicon nitride and/or aluminum nitride, and has a thickness of 0.5-10 nm, preferably 0.6-5 nm. The dense layer contains semiconductor material including titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, and has a thickness of 20-150 nm, preferably 35-50 nm. The inorganic material is chosen from copper iodide, copper(I) thiocyanate, nickel oxide, vanadium pentoxide or molybdenum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The perovskite light-absorbing layer contains alkylamino-containing compound of formula: AB'XmY'3-m (I). The perovskite light-absorbing layer has a thickness of 100-800 nm, preferably 150-350 nm. The hole transport layer contains organic or inorganic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic material is chosen from Spiro-OMeTAD (RTM: 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-p-dimethoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene), poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b:3,4-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(styrenesulfonate), n-propyl bromide or N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine. The thickness of hole transport layer is 5-500 nm, preferably 10-150 nm.A=CH3NH3, C4H9NH3 or NH2=CHNH2;B'=Pb or Sn;X,Y'=Cl, Br or I;andm=1, 2 or 3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The shielding box and the cover are made from cast aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation plate units are made up of Teflon (RTM: PTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The particles are non-conductive particles containing metal oxide, glass fiber particles and/or ceramic particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide is titanium oxide, silicon, oxide and/or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: At least some of particles are encapsulated by insulating coating. Preferred Composition: The adhesive layer contains particles dispersed in binder matrix. The binder matrix contains styrene-butadiene rubber, polyvinylidene fluoride and/or carboxymethyl cellulose. The insulating coating contains polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polypropylene, polyethylene, silica gel, acrylic, and/or epoxy materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: A photovoltaic cell contained in the solar cell module is a crystalline silicon solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hindered amine-type compound has dibutylhydroxytoluene skeleton, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl structure. The solar cell sealing material composition further comprises a hindered amine-type compound which does not have a phenol skeleton in a molecule, and an ultraviolet-ray absorption compound. The solar cell sealing material composition contains 0.001-0.2 pt. wt. hindered amine-type compound and 0.001-0.3 pt. wt. dibutylhydroxytoluene derivative with respect to 100 pts. wt. matrix resin. Preferred Property: The hindered amine-type compound has molecular weight of 400-4000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The matrix resin contains an ethylene-based copolymer or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as a main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangement: The photoelectric conversion element further has a positive hole transport layer comprising hole transport material provided between photoelectric conversion layer and positive electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The negative electrode comprises indium-tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoelectric conversion layer is a mixture of electron-donating organic semiconductor and electron-accepting organic semiconductor. The electron-donating organic semiconductor is pi -electron conjugated polymer including a monomer unit having groups chosen from thiophene, fluorene, carbazole, dibenzosilole, dibenzogermole, benzodithiophene and diketopyrrolopyrrole in 1 or more portions of heterocyclic skeleton. The electron-accepting organic semiconductor is fullerene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The silicon atom-containing layer (4) comprises layer (2) formed by vacuum film-forming process and layer (3) containing organic compound having hydroxyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A polyester film having weight average molecular weight of 50000 to less than 65000 is used in the polymer film. Preferred Property: The polyester film has water-vapor permeability at 85 degrees C and 85% humidity of 1 g/(m2.day) or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Silane coupling agents with amount of 0.01-10 mass parts are copolymerized to 100 mass parts 1st polyolefin resin. Ionizing radiation treatments are performed on resin sealing sheet greater than or equal to 2 times. Preferred Parameters: Melting point of 1st polyolefin resin is 50-80 degrees C. Melt index of 1st polyolefin resin is 8-40 g/10 minutes. Melt index of outer layer is greater than or equal to 6 g/10 minutes. Melting point of 2nd polyolefin resin is less than or equal to 90 degrees C. Melt index of inner layer is greater than or equal to 6 g/10 minutes. Preferred Components: Silane coupling agent has vinyl group and/or methacryloxy group. Multilayer resin sealing sheet has inner layer and resin sealing sheet which are laminated on surface and back surface of inner layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass concentration of anhydrous ethanol is more than 99%, the metal content in anhydrous ethanol is less than 1 ppb. The mass concentration of isopropanol is more than 99%, the metal content in isopropanol is less than 1 ppb. Preferred Method: The step (i) comprises (ia) distilling anhydrous ethanol and isopropanol, and ion exchanging, (iia) concentrating anhydrous ethanol and isopropanol, (iiia) passing anhydrous ethanol and isopropanol through multi-grade circulation film filter, and (iva) packing and obtaining anhydrous ethanol and isopropanol. In the step (ia), filler used is quartz material or polytetrafluoroethylene filler. In the step (ii), circulating and mixing by magnetic pump. In the step (iiia), the material of multi-grade circulation film is polytetrafluoroethylene film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electric conductive substrate is silicon sheet, copper sheet, nickel sheet and/or nickel-chromium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The p-aminophenol contains small amount of industrial grade sodium sulfite. Silver nitrate contains small amount of industrial grade nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic dispersing agent is gelatin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, alkanolamine, sodium dodecyl sulfate (DBS), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, polyethylene glycol, Tween (RTM: Polysorbate), long-chain fatty acid, or dicarboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amphoteric surfactant is lauryl dimethyl ammonium oxide, cocoalkyl dimethyl ammonium hydroxide, lauryl dimethyl ammonium hydroxide, dodecyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium hydroxide, myristyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium hydroxide, cetyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium hydroxide, octadecyl dimethyl ammonium oxide, or cetyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surfactant is cationic surfactant, anionic surfactant, non-ionic surfactant or amphoteric surfactant. The cationic surfactant is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, cetyl alcohol polyoxyethylene alkyl ether dimethyloctylamine chloride, lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether dimethyl ammonium chloride, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether dimethyl decyl ammonium bromide, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, or cetyl alcohol polyoxyethylene alkyl ether dimethyloctylamine chloride. The anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, hexadecyl benzene sulfonate, octadecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether sulfate, or polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether sulfosuccinate monoester disodium. The nonionic surfactant is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, isomeric alcohols polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, polyoxypropylene polyurethane polyoxypropylene ether, polyethylene glycol monooleate, or octadecyl ethylene urea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material silver nitrate is chemical reagent or small amount of nitric acid containing industrial grade silver nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of industrial grade methylglyoxal solution is 40% or 20-30%. The organic dispersing agent is oleic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate, low molecular weight polyethylene glycol or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conjugated copolymer derivative (I) is also represented by group of formulae (VIII-XIII).n=0-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroactive sulfur-containing material includes polymeric or non-polymeric organic sulfur compound containing sulfur atom and carbon atoms, and elemental sulfur. The aluminum-containing active material comprises aluminum or aluminum alloy. The aluminum halide is aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide or aluminum iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The N-alkyl-imidazole hydrochloride-aluminum halide ionic liquid contains N-alkyl-imidazole hydrochloride and aluminum halide in molar ratio of 1:1.1-3. The N-alkyl-imidazole hydrochloride is N-methylimidazole hydrochloride, N-ethyl-imidazole hydrochloride, N-isopropyl-imidazole hydrochloride or N-n-butyl-imidazole hydrochloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The average particle size of lead-free glass powder is 0.5-5 mu m. Preferred Composition: The lead-free glass powder contains 0.2-4 wt.% aluminum oxide, 2-12 wt.% silicon dioxide, 10-16 wt.% zinc oxide, 6-12 wt.% boron trioxide, 0.1-3 wt.% bismuth oxide, and remainder of barium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The content of aluminum powder is preferably 72-78 wt.%. Preferred Property: The average grain diameter of aluminum powder is 0.5-15 mu m, preferably 3-8 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent includes 5-30 wt.% diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 20-45 wt.% diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, and remainder of terpineol. The organic additive is surfactant, lubricant, thickening agent, stabilizer and/or defoamer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic medium contains organic solvent, organic binder, and organic additive. The organic binder includes 1-4 wt.% polyvinyl butyral resin, and 3-6 wt.% ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The organic solar cell includes organic active layer including semiconductor material and fullerene derivate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The semiconductor material is chosen from poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), poly((9-(1-octyl-nonyl-yl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl)thiophene, 2,5-diyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-thiophene, poly((4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-substituted-yl)-(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-diyl)), alkoxyphenyl-substituted polybenzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-dithienyl benzoxadiazole copolymer, poly(4,8-bis-substituted-benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-4-substituted-thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2,6-diyl)-cast polypropylene copolymer, alkoxyphenyl substituted polybenzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-cast polypropylene copolymer, alkoxyphenyl-substituted polybenzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer and 2,6-bis(2,5-bis(3-octylrhodanine)-(3,3-dioctyl-2,2':5,2"-terthiophene))-4,8-bis((5-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene. The fullerene derivative is methyl-(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyrate, methyl-(6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyrate, indenediyl-C60 derivative, or indenediyl-C70 derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is gold, silver, copper, aluminum, platinum or palladium. The oxidizing agent is an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, sodium persulfate aqueous solution, potassium permanganate aqueous, solution, iron(III) nitrate solution, nickel nitrate aqueous solution, magnesium nitrate solution or nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The template is anodic aluminum oxide template, polycarbonate template, mixed fiber porous template, template polypropylene, polyether sulfone template, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene or nylon templates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The magnetron sputtering vacuum room is connected with a zinc sulfide target sputtering device. The sputtering buffering layer film is replaced with a cadmium sulfide buffering layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The copper indium gallium selenium thin film is provided with a gold phase tissue that is in hard solid crystalline state.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The print electric conduction metal gate is coated with an EVA transparent protective film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises dissolving urea derivatives, germanium dioxide and soluble calcium salt according to molar ratio of 2-12:7:2 in water to form a sample solution, and hydrothermally treating the sample solution. Preferred Method: The hydrothermal treatment step is carried out at 180-240 degrees C for 3-36 hours. The method comprises adding PTFE and the sample solution in a container and then heating in an oven, placing the mixture in a stainless steel reaction kettle, washing the product for two times with water and ethanol and then cooling and drying at temperature of 50-80 degrees C for 4-6 hours. Preferred Components: (I) has a diameter of 2-6 microns. The bar-shaped bump has a diameter of 20-35 nm. The soluble calcium salt is calcium chloride, calcium nitrate or calcium acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The urea derivatives are methyl urea, ethyl urea, propyl urea or butyl urea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acrylic monomer is acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. The initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile or azobis(isobutyl-amidine hydrochloride). The tetraalkyl titanate is tetraethyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, and/or tetrabutyl titanate. The solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or n-butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The alkoxylation of the mixture of compounds (i)-(v) is performed using a nucleophilic and/or basic catalyst and at least one alkylene oxide. The alkylene oxide contains propylene oxide. The aromatic diol contains two phenolic groups, and at least one bisphenol. The hydroxy-functional compound comprises 5-8 hydroxy groups. The isocyanate component comprises a mixture of monomeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate and higher nuclear diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The alkylation product exhibits hydroxy number of 80-800. The alkylation product comprises mixture of: (i) 30-80 wt.% castor oil or ricinoleic acid; (ii) 4-25 wt.% aromatic diol or polyol; (iii) 10-40 wt.% hydroxy-functional compound containing aliphatically bound hydroxy groups and having hydroxy functionality of 1-8; (iv) 0-30 wt.% optionally cyclic anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids; and (v) 0-30 wt.% optionally cyclic mono- or diester. At least one substrate surface to be bonded is a synthetic material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin (A) is chosen from sulfonated benzimidazole-based polymer, sulfonated polyimide polymer, sulfonated polyetherimide-based polymer, sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide-based polymer, sulfonated polysulfone polymer, sulfonated polyethersulfone polymer, Sulfonated polyetheretherketone polymer and sulfonated polyphenylene quinoxaline-based polymer. The resin (B) is chosen from perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, hydrocarbon-based polymer, aromatic sulfone polymer, aromatic ketone-based polymer, polybenzimidazole-based polymer, polystyrene-based polymer, polyester-based polymer, polyimide-based polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer, polyethersulfone polymer, polyphenylene sulfide-based polymer, polyphenylene oxide polymer, polyphosphazene-based polymer, polyethylene terephthalate polymer, polyester-based polymer, polyetherketone-based polymer, polyetheretherketone-based polymer, poly(phenyl quinoxaline)-based polymer and polysulfone-based polymer. The protective film comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyimide and/or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photoelectric conversion layer comprises a chalcopyrite compound semiconductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The photoelectric conversion layer comprises a chalcogen compound semiconductor. The photoelectric conversion layer is an amorphous silicon layer, microcrystalline thin-film silicon layer or germanium-containing thin-film layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rubber-based thermoplastic sealing material is butyl rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent is 1,2-dichlorobenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electron donor material is poly-3-hexyl-thiophene-2,5-diyl. The electron acceptor material is (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The buffer unit is provided in the form of elastomer buffer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal salt is a lithium salt and sodium salt. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the solvent system is 70-95 wt.%. The concentration of the salt is 5-30 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluoropolymer comprises ketone compounds of formulae (I) and/or (II). The composition further comprises an electrode stabilizing agent. The composition is substantially free of volatile carbonate solvent. The fluoropolymer is amorphous fluoropolymer.Rf = fluoropolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 0.2-20 Kg/mol, preferably perfluoropolyether; andR1, R2 = each independently selected aliphatic, aromatic, or mixed aliphatic and aromatic groups. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first and second arrays of nanorods are gold nanorods, silver nanorods, tin nanorods, Lead nanorods, indium nanorods, aluminum nanorods and copper nanorods.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-insoluble polymer particle has a repeating unit derived from compound having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups, preferably polyfunctional (meth)acrylic acid ester and an aromatic polyfunctional vinyl compound. The composition further comprises water-soluble polymer
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode is indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid salt is an organic acid alkali metal salt. The organic acid alkali metal salt is polyhydric carboxylic acid alkali metal salt or polycarboxylic acid alkali metal salt. The photoelectric converting layer is a mixture of an electron-donating organic semiconductor and an electron accepting organic semiconductor. The electron-donating organic semiconductor is a pi-electron conjugation polymer including monomeric unit which has a heterocyclic skeleton group selected from thiophene, fluorene, carbazole, dibenzosilole, dibenzo germole, benzodithiophene or diketopyrrolopyrrole. The electron-accepting organic semiconductor is a fullerene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode which has the period uneven structure is indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoelectric converting layer is a mixture of an electron-donating organic semiconductor and an electron accepting organic semiconductor. The electron-donating organic semiconductor is a pi-electron conjugation polymer including monomeric unit which has a heterocyclic skeleton group selected from thiophene, fluorene, carbazole, dibenzosilole, dibenzo germole, benzodithiophene or diketopyrrolopyrrole. The electron-accepting organic semiconductor is a fullerene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon spheres comprise graphene sheets and/or nanotubes. The metal carbide particles are transition metal carbide particles chosen from iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, titanium, copper and manganese. The non-platinum metal material comprises 50-95 wt.% carbon and/or 5-50 wt.% metal content. Preferred Property: The metal carbide particles have particle size of 2-50 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The inorganic, electrically insulating and non-alkali-ion conducting material is selected from a group consisting of ceramics, sintered ceramics, glass-ceramics and glasses.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The assembly is provided for a rechargeable electrochemical cell that includes an anode made of alkali metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The assembly is provided for a rechargeable electrochemical cell that is provided with electrolyte composition comprising aprotic organic solvent that is selected from cyclic or noncyclic ethers, noncyclic or cyclic acetals and cyclic or noncyclic organic carbonates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The assembly is provided for a rechargeable electrochemical cell that is provided with electrolyte composition comprising aprotic organic solvent that is selected from polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of the thermosetting resin is 1-50 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. copper powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inorganic acid comprises chromic acid, silicic acid, cobalt acid, vanadic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, chloric acid, boric acid, lead acid, carbonic acid, nitric acid, tin acid, zinc acid, bromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, silicic acid, metaboric acid and/or metatitanic acid. Core additive comprises hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, selenium, bromine, krypton, rubidium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium and/or silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical composition comprises 5-8 wt.% fluosilicic acid or fluorosilicate compounds, 4-8 wt.% amino acid compound, 2-10 wt.% ammonium compounds, 5-10 wt.% inorganic acid, 5-10 wt.% organic acid, 0.02-0.04 wt.% surfactant, 1-3 wt.% surfactant and balance water. Amino acid compound is glycine, serine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamine, lysine, arginine and/or histidine. Ammonium compound is ammonium hydroxide, dimethylethyl-2-hydroxyethyl ammonium hydroxide, tetramethyl ammonium fluoride and/or EDTA-diammonium salt. Organic acid comprises decanedioic acid, formic acid, trifluoromethylsulfonic acid, salicylic acid, tannic acid, malic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, stearic acid and/or methacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Protective layer contains 85 pts. wt. epoxy resin, 7 pts. wt. fluorocarbon resin, 25 pts. wt. inorganic filler which is micaceous iron oxide, 22 pts. wt. xylene, 3 pts. wt. drier which is dibutyl tin laurate and zinc naphthenate with ratio of 1.5:2, 3 pts. wt. curing agent which is phenol and paraformaldehyde with ratio of 1:1, 2 pts. wt. glycerol, 1.5 pts. wt. accelerant which is DMP-30 (RTM: tris-(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol), EP-184, and/or triethanolamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The communication module is formed as a Wi-Fi module.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The graphite anode is formed by gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel and molybdenum material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electric conduction macromolecule layer is formed by PEDOT-poly (styrene sulfonate), polythiophene, polypyrrole, poly-acetylene, polyaniline, polyethylene carbazole, poly-phenylene ethylene and polyfluorene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glyoxal solution is 40% industrial glyoxal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A protective agent used in the dispersion process is polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, and/or carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises performing polymerization reaction of substituted 4,8-dithien-2-ylthieno(2,3-f)(1)benzothiophene monomers of formula (LIV) with substituted thiophene based monomers of formula (X-K1-X) (LV).X, Y1=boronic acid group (preferably 1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl, 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,2,3-dioxaborolan-2-yl or 5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl), boronate, zinc halide group (preferably zinc chloride or zinc bromide group), magnesium halide group (preferably magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide or magnesium iodide group), trialkyltin group (preferably trimethyl tin, triethyl tin or tributyltin) or halo, where one of X and Y1 is halo.Preferred Components: (I) have number average molecular weight of 2x 103-1x 106, preferably 2x 104-2x 105. Preferred Method: (LIV) is obtained by polymerizing substituted thiophene compounds of formulae (LVI) and (LVII) with thieno(2,3-f)(1)benzothiophene-4,8-dione and reacting the obtained product with boronic acid, boronate, zinc halide, magnesium halide, trialkyltin halide or hydrogen halide. Preferred Definitions:    K1=(4,7-bis(thien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol)-5',5''-diyl; and    A1-A3, B1-B3=H, n-decyl or 2-hexyldecyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coolant comprises: 2 pts. wt. triethanolamine, 2 pts. wt. glycerol, 2 pts. wt. polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 3 pts. wt. hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2 pts. wt. fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 3 pts. wt. p-toluene sulfonic acid, 2 pts. wt. fumaric acid, 1 pts. wt. phthalic anhydride, 2 pts. wt. maleimide, 1 pts. wt. maleic acid, 2 pts. wt. diisopropanolamine, 2 pts. wt. n-butylamine, 1 pts. wt. triisopropanolamine, 2 pts. wt. potassium sorbate, 1 pts. wt. phenoxyethanol, 2 pts. wt. methylparaben, 2 pts. wt. disodium EDTA, 2 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, 2 pts. wt. methyl methacrylate, 3 pts. wt. acetone and 50 pts. wt. deionized water; or 3 pts. wt. triethanolamine, 4 pts. wt. glycerol, 3 pts. wt. polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 5 pts. wt. hydroxyethyl acrylate, 3 pts. wt. fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 4 pts. wt. p-toluene sulfonic acid, 5 pts. wt. fumaric acid, 2 pts. wt. phthalic anhydride, 4 pts. wt. maleimide, 3 pts. wt. maleic acid, 4 pts. wt. diisopropanolamine, 3 pts. wt. n-butylamine, 2 pts. wt. triisopropanolamine, 3 pts. wt. potassium sorbate, 3 pts. wt. phenoxyethanol, 3 pts. wt. methylparaben, 3 pts. wt. disodium EDTA, 5 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, 4 pts. wt. methyl methacrylate, 5 pts. wt. acetone and 70 pts. wt. deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cell frame is made from metallic alloy material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cell frame is made from a plastic material i.e. fiber reinforced plastic material or polymer / elastomer composite material or fiber-composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (ii) the organic solvent is methanol, ethanol and/or acetone. In step (i) and step (ii) the m-cresol is replaced with N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or N-methyl-N-pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode anolyte liquid is alcohol containing 1 mol/l sodium hydroxide solution. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol , isopropanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol and/or sec-butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent comprises mixture of 0-80 pts. wt. terpineol and 20-100 pts. wt. sandalwood.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The additive is ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The precipitation NaYF4 nanocrystalline rare earth-ion doped glass ceramics preferably comprises 55-60 mol.% silica, 10-15 mol.% alumina, 10-14.9 mol.% sodium oxide, 5-10 mol.% sodium fluoride, 5-10 mol.% yttrium fluoride, 0-5 mol.% gadolinium fluoride, and 0.1-2 mol.% rhenium fluoride; most preferably comprises 55-60 mol.% silica, 10-15 mol.% alumina, 10-14.9 mol.% sodium oxide, 5-10 mol.% sodium fluoride, 6-10 mol.% yttrium fluoride, 0-5 mol.% gadolinium fluoride, and 0.5-2 mol.% rhenium fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The epoxy resin is bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, novolac type epoxy resin, brominated epoxy resin, o-cresol novolac type epoxy resin or rubber-toughened epoxy resin. The epoxy resin reactive diluent is polyfunctional epoxy resin diluent. The curing agent is dicyandiamide and derivatives, organic acid hydrazides, boron trifluoride-amine complexes, diamino maleic nitrile and derivatives, salts of aromatic amines and polyamines complex salts, imides or ligand silicates. The stabilizer is zinc, tin, titanium, cobalt, manganese, iron, silicon, boron or aluminum halides, oxides, hydroxides or alkoxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The isocyanuric acid derivative (C) is of formula (I) or (II). The isocyanuric acid derivative (B) is of formula (III). The alicyclic epoxy compound (A) is of formula (IV).R1-R3=H or 1-8C alkyl;andR4=R1 excluding H.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable epoxy resin composition further contains rubber particles, hardening agent (D), hardening accelerator (E), and curing catalyst (F).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano carbon material is carbon nano tube, graphite, modified nitrogen or modified carbon nano tube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal current collector is made of titanium or stainless steel mesh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum pattern contains 0.1-3 wt.% magnesium and iron as unavoidable impurity. The content of iron in the unavoidable impurity is 100-200 ppm. The total content of iron and silicon in the unavoidable impurity is 500 ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The sputtering step is carried out for 4 minutes, 8 minutes, 12 minutes, 18 minutes, 25 minutes, 34 minutes, 48 minutes, 63 minutes, 85 minutes, 125 minutes, or 247 minutes. The gradient range of aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer and zinc oxide layer is 2-42%. The cleaning step comprises ultrasonically cleaning the monocrystalline silicon substrate in acetone for 10-20 minutes, in anhydrous ethanol for 10-20 minutes and finally deionized water. The zinc oxide target has a purity of 99.99%, and the aluminum target has purity of 99.999%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is resin accelerator, resin thermal stabilizer and/or ultraviolet absorber. The resin accelerator is peroxide, preferably benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane and/or 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane. The resin thermal stabilizer is butylated hydroxytoluene and/or bis(2,2,6,6-butyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate. The ultraviolet absorber is benzophenone, benzotriazolyl, triazine and/or salicylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, thermoplastic acrylic elastomer resin, polyvinyl butyral resin or high-light transmittance thermoplastic polyolefin resin. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin contains 20-40 wt.% vinyl acetate. The thermoplastic acrylic elastomer resin includes diblock or triblock copolymer, preferably poly(methylmethacrylate-b-isoprene), poly(methylmethacrylate-b-butadiene), poly(methylmethacrylate-b-isoprene-b-methylmethacrylate), poly(methylmethacrylate-b-butadiene-b-methylmethacrylate), poly(methylmethacrylate-b-isoprene/butadiene-b-methylmethacrylate), poly(methylmethacrylate) block copolymer or vinyl bonded-rich polyisoprene block copolymer. The thermoplastic acrylic elastomer resin contains 30-50 wt.% polymethyl methacrylate. The polymer particles are acrylic-based polymer particles. The acrylic-based polymer is polyacrylate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tungsten powder is tungsten oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The anionic surfactant is polyacrylic acid or sodium polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The conductive substrate is a fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated conductive glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The molar concentration of aqueous solution of ferric chloride hexahydrate, urea and ammonium fluoride is 0.1 mole/l. The zinc oxide is deposited on alpha -iron oxide nanorods sample at thickness of 20-80 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of compound (I) involves: carrying out polymerization reaction of p-phenylenediamine, ether-containing aromatic diamine and 2,3,3',4'-diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride in the presence of solvent mixture, adding acetic anhydride and pyridine to carry out chemical imidization reaction after completion of the polymerization reaction; or carrying out polymerization reaction of p-phenylenediamine and 2,3,3',4'-diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride in the presence of solvent mixture, and adding acetic anhydride and pyridine to carry out chemical imidization reaction after completion of polymerization reaction. Preferred Components: The ether-containing aromatic diamine comprises 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene and/or 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)diphenyl ether. The mole fraction of p-phenylenediamine is 0-100 parts. The mole fraction of ether-containing aromatic diamine is 0-100 parts. The mole fraction of p-phenylenediamine and ether containing aromatic diamine is not zero. The solvent comprises N-methylpyrrolidone, m-cresol, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or gamma -butyrolactone, and is used in an amount of 10-30%, preferably 15-20%. Preferred Properties: The molar ratio of p-phenylenediamine and ether containing aromatic diamine is (0.97-1):1, preferably (0.99-1):1. The molar ratio of acetic anhydride and pyridine is 1:1. The molar ratio of p-phenylenediamine and acetic anhydride is 1:(3-10), preferably 5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of multi-walled carbon nanotubes is 10-200 wt.% of potassium permanganate. The content of graphene nanoribbons is 10-500 wt.% of potassium permanganate. The content of reducing agent is 200-1000 wt.% of potassium permanganate. The content of potassium tetrachloropalladate is 1-90 wt.%. The content of reducing agent and metal is 500-1000 wt.%. The content of metallic palladium is 1-90 wt.%. Preferred Method: The manganese dioxide modified graphene nanoribbons are also supported with noble metal platinum, palladium, gold or silver. The graphene nanoribbons can also be modified by manganese tetroxide, tungsten trioxide, titanium dioxide or molybdenum trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilizer is sodium citrate, EDTA, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or urea. The reducing agent is ethylene glycol, potassium borohydride, sodium borohydride or hydrazine hydrate. The alkaline alcohol is methanol, ethanol or ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The binary primary amine monomer is 3,3'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diamino biphenyl, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis(3-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane, 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene, 4,4'-bis(3-aminophenoxy) diphenylsulfone, 2,2-bis(4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl) hexafluoropropane, 1,3-bis(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(5-amino-3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzene, 4,4'-bis(2-trifluoromethyl-4-aminophenoxy) diphenylsulfone, 4,4'-bis(3-trifluoromethyl-5-aminophenoxy) diphenylsulfone, 2,2-bis(4-(2-trifluoromethyl-4-aminophenoxy)phenyl) hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis(4-(3-trifluoromethyl-5-aminophenoxy)phenyl) hexafluoropropane, 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorine and/or 3,3-bis(4-aminophenyl)-3H-isobenzofuranone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The transparent polyester-imide resin (I) is prepared by condensing bis(3,4-dicarboxylic acid anhydride)phenyl terephthalate and binary primary amine monomer. Preferred Properties: The transparent polyester-imide resin has glass transition temperature of 200-350 degrees C, light transmittance of 70-90% at 400 nm and water absorption rate of less than 0.5%. Preferred Process: The transparent polyester-imide resin (I) is prepared by adding binary primary amine monomer to a polar aprotic solvent, stirring, adding bis(3,4-dicarboxylic acid anhydride)phenyl terephthalate, stirring for 12-48 hours, performing thermal imidization method or chemical imidization method of obtained transparent polyester amide acid solution, and drying. Preferred Definitions:    Ar'=group chosen from 17 groups e.g. group of formulae (i)-(v).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is toluene, hexylene glycol, ethyl acetate, polyene succinimide and/or fluorine-containing surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polytetrafluoroethylene resin powder has purity of 99.9% or more, crystallinity of 60% or less, average molecular weight of 700-10000000 and particle size of 0.1-0.2 mu m. Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin is bisphenol A-type epoxy resin. The mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene resin powder, kerosene, surfactant and epoxy resin is 100:4-7:0.15-0.2:2.5-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The salt-forming agent is potassium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water carrying agent is toluene. The 4-phenyl ester hydroquinone is methyl 2',5'-dihydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl-4-carboxylate (I). The mixed solvent comprises water and tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Process: The 4-phenyl ester hydroquinone is prepared by dissolving 4-carboxy-phenyl-hydroquinone in methanol, adding concentrated sulfuric acid under ice-cooling condition, and reacting at 60-70 degrees C for 7-10 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The ester group and amino group-containing polymer (II) is prepared by adding a' mol 4-phenyl ester hydroquinone (where a' is 0.01-0.09), 0.1-a mol 4-aminophenyl-hydroquinone, b mol 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone (where b is 0.01-0.09) and 0.1-b mol sulfonated dichlorodiphenylsulfone to three-necked bottle under nitrogen atmosphere, adding water carrying agent, salt-forming agent and solvent, refluxing at 120-140 degrees C for 3-6 hours, removing water carrying agent, and heating at 170-190 degrees C for 15-20 hours. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of polymer (II) and sodium hydroxide is 1:2-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first hot melt adhesive or second hot melt adhesive is formed from ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) adhesive, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) adhesive or polyvinyl butyral film, polyolefin adhesive or polyolefin (PO) film, and thermoplastic polyurethane adhesive or thermoplastic polyurethane film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The monomer is prepared by, under nitrogen blanket, reacting 3, 5-dimethyl benzene bromide and magnesium at 60-70 degrees C while stirring at reflux for 3-4 hours to prepare Grignard reagent; reacting Grignard reagent with 2,6-fluorobenzonitrile at 60-70 degrees C under stirring at reflux for 5-6 hours, hydrolyzing with hydrochloric acid, and isolating and purifying to prepare compound (a); reacting N-bromosuccinimide and azobisisobutyronitrile at reflux for 3-4 hours, and separating and purifying to prepare compound (b); reacting compounds (a) and (b) with sodium carbonate and tetrakis (triphenyl) phosphine together with palladium and tetrabutylammonium bromide for 12 hours at 60-70 degrees C, and separating and purifying to obtain the target monomer. Preferred Monomers: The monomers comprise monomers of formulae (I)-(VIII).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Platinum catalyst is chloroplatinic acid, potassium chloroplatinate or sodium chloroplatinate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: 1,3-Propylene diamine-modified graphene is prepared by reacting graphene oxide and acid chloride at 70-80 degrees C, distilling, adding 1,3-propanediamine, toluene or N,N-dimethylformamide, reacting at 80-100 degrees C, distilling, washing residue, and drying. Acid chloride is dichloromethane sulfoxide or oxalyl chloride. Cosolvent is isopropanol or ethanol. Preferred Composition: Mass ratio of acid chloride and 1,3-propylenediamine graphene is 0.5-0.75:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive filler is silver powder, nickel powder, gold powder, silver-plated nickel powder, gold-plated nickel powder, silver-plated copper powder, gold-plated copper powder, nickel-plated copper powder, nickel-plated carbon black, silver-plated carbon black, gold-plated carbon black, nickel-plated aluminum powder, silver-plated aluminum powder and/or gold-plated aluminum powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin base material is polyacrylic resin of formula: H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-(C(-R1)(-H)-CH(-C(=O)-O-R2))m-(L1)n-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3, urethane resin of formula:-(O-L2-O-L3)k-, silicone-based resin of formula: -(Si(-R3)(R4)-O-O-Si(-R5)(-R6))g-, polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and/or polyvinyl chloride. The conductive adhesive further comprises 0.5-5 pts. wt. additive.m=20-2000;n=1-2000;k=30-1500;g=30-1000;R1=H or 1-10C alkyl;R2=1-20C alkyl;L1=monomer unit formed by methyl-acrylate, methyl-methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, itaconic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile, styrene, diaminoethyl methacrylate or glycidyl acrylate;L2=3000-200000C alkyl;L3=monomer unit formed by methyl diphenyl diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, naphthyl isocyanate, p-phenyl, 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate or dimethylene phenylene isocyanate;andR3-R6=H, hydroxy, 1-8C alkyl, 1-8C alkoxy, aryl having 1-8 benzene rings or silicone group having 1-8 silicon atoms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction, where palladium salt layer to the prepared gold nano particles bipyramid to obtain the finished product, is carried at 180-220 degrees C for 0.5-3 hours, and preferably 0.5 hour. The chloroauric acid is prepared by dissolving dried chloroauric acid in an aqueous solution protecting agent-reducing agent, mixed in a volume ratio of 1:50. The protective agent is polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride. The reducing agent is polyhydric alcohol, selected from ethanediol, glycerol, pentanediol, diethylene glycol, or polybasic alcohol, and preferably ethanediol, glycerol or pentanediol. The palladium salt is selected from palladium chloride, palladium sulfate, or palladium nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The unsaturated carboxylic acid is 3-24C alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, preferably chosen from 38 acids e.g. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, 2-pentenoic acid, 4-pentenoic acid, 3-vinyl benzoic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid and fumaric acid. The crosslinking agent is chosen from 18 compounds e.g. dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, 4,4'-bis(t-butylperoxy) butyl valerate and 3,3-bis(tert-butylperoxy) butyrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer is 95-98.5 wt.%. The crosslinkable ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer composition further comprises additive including crosslinking additive, plasticizer, processing additive, flow enhancing additive, lubricant, pigment, dye, flame retardant, impact modifier, nucleating agent, anti-blocking agent, ultraviolet light stabilizer, ultraviolet absorber, antioxidant, thermal stabilizer, dispersant, surfactant, chelating agent, coupling agent, adhesive, primer, reinforcement additive and/or filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The platinum compound is chloroplatinic acid, chloroplatinite, potassium chloroplatinite, sodium chloroplatinite, ammonium chloroplatinite, lithium chloroplatinite, potassium chloroplatinate, sodium chloroplatinate, ammonium chloroplatinate or lithium chloroplatinate. The copper compound is cupric chloride, copper nitrate or copper sulfate. The reducing agent is sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride or hydrazine hydrate. The acid solution is nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, hydrobromide or hydroiodic acid. Preferred Properties: The diameter of wire mesh is 2-5 nm and length is 300-800 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surfactant is Triton X-100 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether), nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer (P123) or Brij 35 (RTM: Polyethylene oxide lauryl ether).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass powder is silica-boron trioxide-lead oxide, silica-boron trioxide-bismuth oxide-zinc oxide-alumina-lithium oxide-titanium oxide, and/or silica-strontium oxide-bismuth oxide-boron trioxide-alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum-based component is aluminum metal, aluminum alloy and/or alumina. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of aluminum powder is 3-8 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersant is polyhistidine, polyunsaturated carboxylic acid, ionic organic dispersant and/or nonionic organic dispersant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is cellulose, acrylic ester resin, alkyd resin and/or epoxy resin, or methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, wood rosin and/or polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-metal oxide comprises silica, boron trioxide and bismuth trioxide. The alkaline earth metal oxide comprises barium oxide and calcium oxide. The alkali metal oxide comprises lithium oxide, sodium oxide or potassium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The passivation layer removing acid liquid contains mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid. The PN junction removing acid liquid contains mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Hexa(4'-ethylphenyl-alkylthio)benzene is dissolved in dry dichloromethane. The mixture is reacted with anhydrous ferric chloride dissolved in nitromethane under nitrogen atmosphere. Then, iodine and sodium borohydride are added and reacted in presence of palladium (II) dichloride and/or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium as catalyst to obtain compound (I). Preferred Definitions:    R=CH2CH(CH3)CH3, CH2CH(C6H13)C8H17, CH2CH(C8H17)C10H21, CH2CH(C10H21)C12H25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is chosen from tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), palladium acetate and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The solvent is tetrahydrofuran or toluene. The oxidizing agent is 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid or hydrogen peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The sacrificial layer contains zinc, gallium and/or aluminum and magnesium and/or calcium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of pure metal layer and graphene layer is 0.1-10 mu m, each. Preferred Composition: The atomic layer deposition film is metal film, metal oxide film, metal nitride film or metal carbide film. The metal oxide film comprises hafnium(II) oxide, indium oxide, alumina, niobium(V) oxide, yttrium(III) oxide and/or tantalum(V) oxide. The metal nitride film comprises titanium nitride, chromium nitride, tantalum nitride, niobium nitride and/or molybdenum nitride. The metal carbide film comprises titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, niobium carbide and/or molybdenum carbide. Preferred Process: The preparation of graphene composite-coated metal plate is performed in mixed gas of hydrogen and argon, and methane, ethylene or acetylene as carbon source gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal film comprises silver, gold or yttrium. The pure metal layer is pure nickel(111) metal layer or pure copper(111) metal layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reducing agent is selected from potassium borohydride, sodium borohydride and hydrazine hydrate. The reducing agent is added in an amount of 5-50 times the amount of palladium metal content. The pH value is adjusted to 8-11.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilizing agent comprises polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium citrate, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide or EDTA. The addition amount of palladium and potassium chloride is 1-90 wt.%, preferably 20-40 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carrier polymer is selected from polyimide, polyurethane, PVC, polyaniline and polyphosphazenes. The mass ratio of glycidyl methacrylate monomer to stabilizing agent is 1:1. The mass ratio of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) polymer and ethylenediamine is 50-500%. The mass ratio of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) and stabilizing agent is 10-50%. The fuel cell comprises metal platinum, gold or silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The zirconium phosphotungstic acid has particle size of 360-400 nm. Preferred Composition: The zirconium phosphotungstic acid powder is prepared using zirconium oxychloride, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium paratungstate with zirconium, phosphorus and tungsten molar ratio of 2:2:1. Preferred Process: The zirconium phosphotungstic acid powder is prepared by dissolving ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium paratungstate in deionized water, adding zirconium oxychloride, stirring, adjusting pH using aqueous ammonia, reacting at 130-180 degrees C for 24-48 hours, removing supernatant, washing with deionized water, drying and sintering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cleaning solution used in step (1) comprises potassium hydroxide, isopropanol, monocrystalline silicon additives and deionized water in volume ratio of 1.05:1.36:0.075:42. Preferred Properties: The silicon wafer is cleaned using solution for 15 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The saponification agent is ammonia. The reducing gas is sulfur dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide. Preferred Properties: The concentration of sulfuric acid is more than 70%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Properties: The vanadium slag particle diameter is less than 120 mesh, and vanadium content is 10-20%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The extractant is diisooctyl hydrogen phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl acrylate, dioctyl phosphate, Cyanex 272 (RTM: Dialkyl phosphinic acid extractant), Cyanex 301 (RTM: Dialky1dithiophosphinic acid extractant) or Cyanex 302 (RTM: Extractant). The diluent is solvent oil No. 260. Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of extractant and diluting agent is 1:4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The cathode surface is coated with platinum on carbon catalyst. The small power with electrical appliances device is 1-100 mW. The small power device is for in situ water quality monitoring instrument. The electric resistance is 10-2000 ohm adjustable resistor or fixed resistor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pigment is lithopone, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, zinc sulfide, ultrafine barium sulfate and/or hollow glass microspheres. The crystalline silicon solar cell module sealed film further comprises filler chosen from at least one of zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, lead oxide, boron nitride and stearic acid. Preferred Definitions:    Z=-CH=CH-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: An active layer of solar cell grown on gallium arsenide substrate includes several gallium indium phosphide etch stop layers and intrinsic gallium arsenide layers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The multi-junction gallium arsenide thin-film solar cell is prepared using benzocyclobutene (BCB) glue, and low cost substrate which is polyimide film substrate, chromium substrate, copper substrate, nickel thin film substrate, polymethyl methacrylate film substrate, polydimethylsiloxane film substrate and stainless steel film substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The triad fullerene derivative is prepared by performing esterification reaction of (6,6)-Cf- phenylbutyric acid and acrylonitrile compound in presence of mixture of N,N-dimethylpyridine, toluenesulfonic acid and N,N-diisopropylamide catalyst, at room temperature. The molar ratio of N,N-dimethylpyridine, toluenesulfonic acid and N,N-diisopropylamide in mixture of N,N-dimethylpyridine, toluenesulfonic acid and N,N-diisopropylamide is 1:1:1.4. The (6,6)-Cf- phenylbutyric acid is prepared by reacting 5-phenyl-5-(4-methylsulfonylhydrazono)pentanoate and fullerene in o-dichlorobenzene under basic condition, reacting at 68 degrees C, obtaining (6,6)-phenyl-Cf-methylbutyrate, adding hydrochloric acid and toluene, and performing hydrolysis reaction. The molar ratio of 5-phenyl-5-(4-methylsulfonylhydrazono)pentanoate and fullerene is 2:1.The fullerene is fullerene C60, fullerene C70 or fullerene C84,Cf=61, 71 or 85.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The donor material is poly-3-hexylthiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is a copper foil, steel foil, iron foil or nickel foil. The dilute acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heteroatom dopant compound is urea, aniline, nitroaniline, dibenzyl disulfide, p- toluenesulfonic acid, 2-thiophene carbaldehyde, triphenylphosphine, trinaphthylphosphine, tetraphenyl phosphonium bromide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, boric acid or trifluoromethylammonium boride. The solvent is ethanol, methanol, toluene or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic halide is iodine methyl amine (sic). The organic halide solution solvent is isopropyl alcohol. Preferred Properties: The concentration of organic halide solution is 5 mg/ml. The atomizing speed is 5 l/second. The quantity of lead iodide solution is 50 mu l and concentration is 300-500 mg/ml. The use quantity of organic halide solution is 50-1000 mu l. The rotational speed of spin coater is 3000-6000 rpm and rotary coating time is 30 seconds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-noble metal ion precursor powder is cobalt acetate, iron acetate or nickel acetate powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic amine is ethylene diamine, p-phenylenediamine or melamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal salt is selected from chloroauric acid, ferric nitrate, silver nitrate, copper nitrate, nickel nitrate, palladium nitrate and cobalt nitrate. The acid solution is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of calcium or magnesium salt catalyst and silicic acid is 0.009-0.015:1. The calcium or magnesium salt is nitrate, hydrochloride or acetate of calcium or magnesium. Active silicic acid solution is added to solution of alkali metal silicate containing silica concentration of 3-5 %mass. Alkaline silica sol comprises 5-10 %mass silica. The alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate, potassium silicate and/or lithium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: After completion of condensation reaction, alkaline silica sol is added to 3-6 %mass oxalate solution. The molar ratio of calcium or magnesium salt catalyst and oxalate solution is 1-3:1. The oxalate is ammonium oxalate, potassium oxalate, sodium oxalate or lithium oxalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate, sodium sulfide nonahydrate, cadmium oxide and titania is 1:2:4:8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Ferric salt is ferric chloride hexahydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Transition metal precursor is ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, nickel nitrate or nickel chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light transfer agent is a mixture of quantum dots, preferably silicon quantum dot, gallium arsenide quantum dot, cadmium sulfide quantum dot, cadmium selenide quantum dot, cadmium telluride quantum dot, zinc sulfide quantum dot, zinc selenide quantum dot and/or zinc telluride quantum dot. The light conversion agent comprises rare-earth ions doped with inorganic phosphor and transparent polymer coating layers coated with inorganic phosphor. Preferred Properties: The average size of quantum dots is less than 10 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alpha -olefin is 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 4-ethyl-1-hexene or 5-methyl-1-heptene. The peroxide initiator comprises 14 compounds e.g. tert-butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)hexane, 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate and 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane. The crosslinking aid is polyfunctional acrylate and/or methacrylate. The tackifier is silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer or polyvinyl butyral. The transparent polymer comprises acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin and/or styrene-based resin. Preferred Properties: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has vinyl acetate content of 15-35 wt.%. The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer has alpha -olefin content of 10- 50 mole%. The melting point of transparent polymer is greater than 140 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surfactant is lauric diethanolamide or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate. The coupling agent is organosilicon coupling agent or methyl triethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alloy solar cell comprises 20-21% aluminum, 10-11% manganese, 0.07-0.1% silicon, 0.3-0.4% tin, 0.2-0.3% copper, 0.2-0.4% indium, and balanced iron and unavoidable impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The ultrasonic power is 100-150 W and time is 4-6 hours. The centrifugal speed is 1000-9000 rpm. The product is washed with anhydrous ethanol. The usage amount of black phosphorus is 10-20 mg and organic solvent is 30-40 ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first metal is lanthanum. The second metal is iron, nickel, copper, chromium, manganese, or cobalt. The concentration is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution is 0.5-5 mol/L. Preferred Method: The aluminum melting process is carried out at 700-750 degrees C. The casting process is carried out at 700-750 degrees C. The removal of aluminum is carried out by treating at 20-35 degrees C and heating to 60-90 degrees C until no bubbles. The pre-annealing and annealing process is carried out under air atmosphere. The pre-annealing process is carried out for 1-2 hours. The annealing process is carried out for 2-4 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) or palladium acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The (I) is prepared by dissolving 2,7-dibromo-fluorene and heteroatom substituted derivatives in tetrahydrofuran, adding n-hexane solution of n-butyllithium dropwise at low temperature, reacting and incubating for 1-3 hours; adding 2-propyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane, reacting for 5-20 hours at room temperature, extracting, drying and purifying; mixing with 1-bromo-2-methylsulfinyl-benzene at molar ratio of 1:2-10, dissolving in organic solvent, reacting in the presence of palladium catalyst at 40-100 degrees C for 8-80 hours, extracting, drying and purifying; reacting with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, adding phosphorus pentoxide, reacting for 2-20 hours, adding dropwise water, suction filtering, drying filter residue, heating under reflux for 2-30 hours, drying and purifying; and dissolving in organic solvent, adding oxidizing agent, reacting for 2-10 hours, extracting, drying and purifying. Preferred Components: The heteroatom is silicon-substituted fluorene derivatives, fluorene germanium, tin fluorene, dibenzofuran, carbazole, fluorene phosphines, phosphine dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, boron fluorene or selenium fluorene. The solvent is tetrahydrofuran or toluene. The organic solvent is methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran and/or chloroform. The oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, or 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 11 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, e.g. bis (S,S-dioxide-dibenzothiophene) cyclopentadiene (Ia), bis(S,S-dioxide-dibenzothiophene) silacyclopentadiene, bis(S,S-dioxide-dibenzothiophene) heterocyclic-pentadiene, bis(S,S-dioxide-dibenzothiophene) heterocyclic tin-pentadiene and bis(S,S-dioxide-dibenzothiophene) furan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalytic board comprises catalyst layer comprising methanol water reforming reaction catalyst layer having main component of copper oxide, zinc oxide and aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate is chosen from indium-tin oxide glass substrate, aluminum-doped zinc-oxide glass substrate and fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred process: The perovskite-type solar cell is prepared by dissolving lead chloride, methylammonium iodide and indium chloride in a molar ratio of 3:1:0.25-0.35, preferably 3:1:0.3 in N,N-dimethylformamide, stirring to obtain 30 wt.% dimethylformamide solution of perovskite, coating solution of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate on a substrate to form a uniform hole transport layer, curing, coating dimethylformamide solution of perovskite on the hole transport layer to form photosensitive layer, coating solution of methyl-(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyrate on the photosensitive layer to form electron transport layer, and providing cathode electrode on the electron transport layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of the anti-reflection structure is made of silicon nitride or silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material is gallium silicon alloy, boron silicon alloy, silicon germanium alloy, boron gallium alloy, gallium and germanium alloy, germanium and gallium alloy, and/or gallium boron silicon germanium alloy. Preferred Method: The heating in second step is carried out at 1530-1560 degrees C. The subsequent processing involves grinding, chamfering and slicing. The quasi monocrystalline silicon solar cell is fabricated by forming solar cell at 60 kWh/m2 radiation under photoluminescence decay rate of less than 1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The flower-shaped gold-palladium nanoparticle substance is prepared using ascorbic acid, trisodium citrate dihydrate as reducing agent and sodium tetrachloropalladate. The precipitated product formed during preparation of flower-shaped gold-palladium nanoparticle substance is cleaned with deionized water or distilled water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert gas is nitrogen, helium, neon or argon, preferably nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by adding 2-(5-(thiophen-2-yl)thiolan-2-yl)thiophene compound of formula (II), 4,10-dithiatricyclo-dodeca-pentaene compound of formula (III), catalyst and toluene to a reactor at room temperature, uniformly mixing, refluxing for 12-24 hours under inert gas protection, reacting, cooling the resultant product to room temperature, evaporating solvent in vacuum, carrying out silica gel column chromatography using dichloromethane as eluent, obtaining thiophene intermediate of formula (IV), adding intermediate (IV), 3-ethyl-rhodanine, acid binder and dry chloroform to reactor at room temperature, uniformly mixing, refluxing for 12-24 hours under inert gas protection, reacting, cooling the resultant product to room temperature, pouring lower alcohol, sedimenting the resultant product, suction-filtering, collecting solids, and carrying out silica gel column chromatography using chloroform as eluent. The molar ratio of compound (II) and compound (III) is 2-2.2:1. The molar ratio of intermediate (IV) and 3-ethyl-rhodanine is 1:5-10. Preferred Composition: The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, preferably tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. The acid binder is pyridine or triethylamine, preferably pyridine. The lower alcohol is methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, preferably methanol. The molar ratio of compound (II) and compound (III) is preferably 2:1. The molar ratio of intermediate (IV) and 3-ethyl-rhodanine is preferably 1:10. Preferred Definitions:    R1=n-octyl;    R2=2-ethylhexyl;and    R3=H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lead-source metal compound is lead chloride, lead bromide, lead iodide or lead acetate. The tin-source metal compound is stannous chloride, tin tetrachloride, stannous bromide or stannous iodide. The germanium-source metal compound is germanium chloride, germanium bromide or germanium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is hydroiodic acid, gamma -butyrolactone, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The halogenated compound is organic or inorganic halogenated compound chosen from chloro methylamine, chloro-formamidine, tetramethylammonium chloride, benzyl chloride, chloro-2-isobutyl thiourea, bromo-methylamine, bromo formamidine, tetramethylammonium bromide, benzyl bromide, bromo-2-isobutyl thiourea, iodo methylamine, iodo formamidine, tetramethylammonium iodide, benzyl iodide, iodo-2-isobutyl thiourea and/or cesium iodide. The ratio of metal ion in liquid metal compound and halogenations material ion is 1:0.5-10. The concentration of single crystal growth liquid is 0.05-5 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert gas comprises nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and/or carbon dioxide. The platinum salt comprises chloroplatinic acid, potassium hexachloroplatinate, sodium chloroplatinate, ammonium chloroplatinate, lithium chloroplatinate, potassium chloroplatinite, sodium chloroplatinate, ammonium chloroplatinite and/or lithium chloroplatinate. The cobalt salt comprises cobalt chloride, cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate and/or cobalt sulfate. The platinum-cobalt hollow nanospheres comprise spherical particles with diameter of 5-20 nm and shell thickness of 1-2 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent comprises formaldehyde, formic acid, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, methanol, ethanol, polyol, hydrazine hydrate, acetic acid, malic acid, citric acid, glucose, sucrose and/or ascorbic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surfactant comprises Triton X-100 (RTM: polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether), nonylphenol ether, Triton X-114 (RTM: polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether), Pluronic P-123 (RTM: polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer), Brij 35 (RTM: lauryl alcohol ethoxylate), cetyl alcohol ethoxylate, oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and/or polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic spectrum conversion material contains rare-earth element e.g. europium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of spectrum conversion material is 1-10 wt.%. The spectrum conversion material contains organic and inorganic spectrum conversion materials. The organic spectrum conversion material includes rare-earth trivalent europium ion organic complex.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aqueous acrylic resin includes acrylic resin emulsion with solid content of 20-60 wt.%, or acrylic resin aqueous dispersion with solid content of 20-60 wt.%. The acrylic resin emulsion is prepared by emulsion polymerizing vinyl monomer in water. The aqueous acrylic resin dispersion is obtained by solution polymerization method. The content of aqueous acrylic resin is 90-99 wt.%. The solid content of aqueous acrylic resin is 20-60 wt.%. Preferred Property: The light conversion layer has thickness of 10-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transition metal salt comprises nitrate, sulfate or chloride of transition metal chosen from manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The transition metal comprises manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and/or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The activated carbon powder has size of 55.5-74 mu m, and specific surface area of 3500 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high-boiling aprotic polar solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, or N-methylpyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ratio of compound (II) and compound (III) is 0.02:1-1:0.02.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Tetrahydronaphthalene-type compound of formula (II) and fullerene are reacted in presence of an organic solvent and a catalyst to obtain fullerene derivative (I). Preferred Composition: The carbon atom number of fullerene is 60, 70 or 80. The usage amount of catalyst is 1-20 mol, preferably 5-10 mol. The catalyst is mixture containing 18-crown-6 and metal iodide in the molar ratio of 1-4:1. The metal iodide is potassium iodide and/or sodium iodide. The amount of tetrahydronaphthalene-type compound (II) is 1-10 mol, preferably 1-4 mol. The fullerene derivative (I) is 1,4-dibromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, 1,4-dibromo-5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, and/or 1,4-dibromo-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic sealing material layer comprises metal oxide, metal nitride and/or metal sulfide. The metal oxide comprises calcium oxide, tantalum pentoxide, titanium dioxide, zirconia, copper oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, tin dioxide, nickel oxide and/or antimony pentoxide. The metal sulfide comprises titanium disulfide, iron sulfide, chromium trisulfide, copper sulfide, zinc sulfide, tin disulfide, nickel sulfide, cobalt trisulfide, antimony trisulfide, lead sulfide, lanthanum trisulfide, cerium sulfide and/or zirconium disulfide. The metal nitride comprises silicon nitride and/or aluminum nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic salt is selected from lithium halide or zinc halide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The nickel catalyst is prepared by reacting compound of formula (XI) or (XII) with an alkyl Grignard reagent in a suitable organic solvent to synthesize corresponding Grignard intermediate. The synthesized corresponding Grignard intermediate is reacted with 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphinoethane)nickel(II) chloride or dichloro(1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)nickel catalyst at room temperature to obtain the compound of formulae (I-II). Preferred Components: The organic solvent is selected from tetrahydrofuran, diphenyl ether, dioxane, dialkyl ethers or toluene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The processing step is carried out using hydrofluoric acid solution containing oxidizing agent and metal salt and mixed acid solution of chromic acid and hydrofluoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The thickness of the glass substrate is 3-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of aqueous ammonia is preferably 0.5-25 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The copper iodide powder uses ion-doped zinc, cadmium, mercury, magnesium, calcium, boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, germanium, tin, lead, sulfur, selenium, tellurium or iodine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred composition: The perovskite cell module consists of transparent conductive films (a) and (b) made of fluorine-doped tin oxide, tin-doped indium oxide and/or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, electron transport layer made of titanium dioxide and/or zinc oxide, absorbent layer made of perovskite compound of formula: CH3NH3MX3 (where M is lead or tin and X is iodo, chloro or bromo), and hole transport layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hole transport layer is made of 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N'-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrode is glassy carbon electrode, graphite electrode or carbon fiber electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer is aniline, pyrrole and/or thiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:(1) preparation of (I); andR, R'=electron withdrawing substituent group i.e. halo, cyano, nitro, haloalkyl, -COOCmH(2m+1), -COCmH(2m+1), formyl, alkynyl, boronic acid group or 1-6C alkoxy boron ester group;A1=aromatic compound fragment; andn=polymerization degree. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, which are (3E,7E)-3,7-bis(N-(4-octadecyldocosyl)-6-bromo-5-chloro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)-3,7-dihydrofuro(2,3-f)(1)benzofuran-2,6-dione (Ia), (3E,7E)-3,7-bis(N-(4-octadecyldocosyl)-6-bromo-7-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)-3,7-dihydrofuro(2,3-f)(1)benzofuran-2,6-dione, (3E,7E)-3,7-bis(N-(4-octadecyldocosyl)-5-fluoro-6-bromo-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)-3,7-dihydrofuro(2,3-f)(1)benzofuran-2,6-dione and (3E,7E)-3,7-bis(N-(4-octadecyldocosyl)-5,7-difluoro-6-bromo-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)-3,7-dihydrofuro(2,3-f)(1)benzofuran-2,6-dione.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high heat stable modified EVA plastic layer further comprises porous material that is 10-20 pts. wt. porous zinc oxide powder, 20-30 pts. wt. porous alumina powder and 10-15 pts. wt. aluminum magnesium alloy powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high transmittance modified EVA plastic layer comprises 100 pts. wt. ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, 1-2 pts. wt. crosslinking agent, 0.2-0.5 pts. wt. light stabilizer, 5-10 pts. wt. pure silica, 15-20 pts. wt. phenyl vinyl silicon resin and 0.2-1 pts. wt. thickener. The high heat stable modified EVA plastic layer comprises 100 pts. wt. ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, 1-2 pts. wt. crosslinking agent, 0.2-0.5 pts. wt. heat stabilizer, 5-10 pts. wt. heat conduction agent and 15-20 pts. wt. phenyl vinyl silicon resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface active agent is toluene, hexylene glycol, ethyl acetate, polyene succinimide and fluorine-containing surfactant. The epoxy resin is bisphenol epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes a solvent that is dimethylacetamide and N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The quaternary ammonium salt type anion exchange polymer is quaternary ammonium polysulfone, quaternary ammonium polyether ketone or quaternary ammonium polyetherimide.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 240 Carbazole derivatives are specifically claimed e.g. 9-phenyl-9'-(4-phenyl-benzo(4,5)thieno(3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)-9H,9'H-(3,3')bicarbazolyl of formula (Ia), 9'-(4-biphenyl-3-yl-benzo(4,5)thieno(3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)-9-phenyl-9H,9'H-(3,3')bicarbazolyl, 9'-(4-biphenyl-4-yl-benzo(4,5)thieno(3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)-9-phenyl-9H,9'H-(3,3')bicarbazolyl, 9-phenyl-9'-(4-(1,1';3',1'')terphenyl-5'-yl-benzo(4,5)thieno(3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)-9H,9'H-(3,3')bicarbazolyl and 9'-(4-Naphthalen-1-yl-benzo(4,5)thieno(3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)-9-phenyl-9H,9'H-(3,3')bicarbazolyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high-boiling aprotic polar solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide or N-methyl pyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compounds (I) and (II) are prepared by taking sulfonated monomer, phosphorylating monomer, bis(thio)phenol monomer, and activated dihalide monomer as starting materials, adding 1.15-2 times phenolic monomers alkali, refluxing with toluene, and reacting; slowly pouring into deionized water, soaking for 5-10 hours at 60-80 degrees C, repeating soaking process for 3-5 times, filtering, evaporating, adding 0.5 M aqueous sulfuric acid, soaking for 5-10 hours at 60-80 degrees C for 2-3 times, soaking in deionized water for 5-10 hours at 60-80 degrees C for 3-5 times, filtering, and vacuum drying; and dissolving in 20% N,N-dimethyl acetamide, adding 0.5 M alkali solution, overnight soaking at room temperature, and washing 3 times with deionized water, and vacuum drying, where alkaline solution is lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or cesium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of electric conduction polymer composite material: comprises taking monomer, carbon support and oxidizing agent in first solvent, mixing reaction to obtain the electric conduction polymer composite material; is carried out by using microwave synthesis method. Preparing thiolated electric conduction polymer composite material specifically comprises reacting electric conduction polymer composite material and mercaptan in second solvent, where second solvent is a mixed solvent of ethanol and sulfuric acid. In the method preparing electric conduction polymer composite material and obtaining direct methanol fuel cell electrocatalyst includes utilization of microwave synthesis method. In the method carrying out reduction reaction for thiolated electric conduction polymer composite material and metal salt generating in ethylene glycol to obtain direct methanol fuel cell electricocatalyst also includes adjusting pH of thiolated electric conduction polymer composite material and metal salt in ethylene glycol mixture to 8-10. Preferred Components: The monomer is aniline, pyrrole or thiophene. The oxidizing agent is ammonium persulfate or ferric chloride. The first solvent is sulfuric acid and ethyl alcohol mixed solvent. The carbon support is carbon nanotube, graphene or carbon fiber sheet. The mercaptan is 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole. The metal salt is chloroplatinic acid and ruthenium trichloride or chloroplatinic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent is tert-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate and/or 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane. The crosslinking additive is triallyl cyanurate and/or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. The antioxidant is octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and/or tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite. The UV absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-(octyloxy)benzophenone, 2-(3,5-di-tert-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, and/or 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole. The light stabilizer is bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate and/or bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate. The tackifier is vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane and (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The encapsulation material made of thermosetting resin composition comprising at least one epoxy group-containing compounds and multifunctional acid anhydride. The encapsulation material further comprises particles or fiber, where the particles include inorganic particles, and the fiber includes glass fiber. The fiber is glass cloth obtained by spinning the glass fiber and organizing. EXAMPLE - 35 g Multifunctional acid anhydride, 10 g aliphatic-type epoxy resin having epoxy equivalent of 181, 27 g 4-(4-(1,1-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)- alpha , alpha -dimethylbenzyl)phenol-type epoxy resin having epoxy equivalent of 206, 23 g liquid bisphenol A epoxy resin having epoxy equivalent of 185, 0.3 g zinc octanoate and 41 g methyl ethyl ketone were heated to 70 degrees C, and mixed to obtain the encapsulation material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic crystal compound is oxides of bismuth, aluminum, zinc, ruthenium, lead, calcium, magnesium, tungsten, zirconium, titanium, silicon, boron, phosphorus, niobium, vanadium, molybdenum, tellurium and tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises organic solvent, thickening agent, plasticizer and auxiliary agent, where the organic solvent is terpineol, carbitol, tributyl citrate, tributyl phosphate, lecithin, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, cyclohexanone, acetone, diethylene glycol diethyl ether or octanol, the thickening agent is lanolin, ethyl cellulose or phenolic aldehyde resin, the plasticizer is dibutyl phthalate, and the auxiliary agent is dioctyl phthalate, hydrogenated polyethylene glycol, glycerol fatty acid ester or isooctyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The viscosity of room temperature vulcanization silicone rubber 20000 centipoise. Preferred Components: The rubber is Dow Corning (RTM: Silicone adhesive base) OHX-081. The silicone oil is Dow Corning PMX-200. The calcium carbonate is nano calcium carbonate. The crosslinking agent is methyl oximino silane and/or vinyl oximino silane. The thixotropic agent is silica. The adhesion promoter comprises KH-550, KH-570 and S320 Chisso Corp. compound. The curing agent is dibutyl tin dilaurate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode material further comprises perovskite-type oxide of formula: Ln'1-yM1yM2O3-d and fluorite-type oxide of formula: Ln"1-zNzO2-d, where M1 is element chosen from calcium, strontium and barium, M2 is element chosen from manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper, N' is element chosen from cerium, zirconium and bismuth, Ln' is lanthanum or praseodymium, Ln" is samarium, gadolinium or yttrium, and y and z are 0-1. The content of tin-containing nano oxide, perovskite-type oxide and fluorite-type oxide in the cathode material is 2-50 %mass, 10-80 %mass and 10-50 %mass, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of compound (I), palladium salt, oxidant and compound (II) is 1-8:0.001-1:0.1-8:1-8. The palladium salt is chosen from tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and palladium compounds of formulae: PdM2 and PdLnCl2. The oxidant is chosen from silver salt, copper salt, p-benzoquinone or its derivative and oxygen. The inert solvent is chosen from N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone, 1,4-dioxane and N,N-dimethylacetamide. The fluorobenzo heterocyclic-heteroaromatic compound is chosen from 29 compounds e.g. 4-bromo-7-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, 4-bromo-7-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, 4-bromo-5,6-difluoro-7-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, methyl 5-(7-bromo-5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylate and methyl 5-(7-bromo-5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)-3-methylthiophene-2-carboxylate.M=acetate, trifluoroacetate, trifluoroacetate sulfonate, pivalic acid or halo;L=allyl, monodentate, bidentate or phosphine ligand;andn=more than 1 to less than 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ceramic material is selected from aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, hydrated aluminosilicate, sodium aluminosilicate or quaternary ammonium salts.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Polyetherimide is also used in composite polymeric membrane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal ion is aluminum ion, sodium ion or lithium ion. Preferred Method: The method further comprises using lanthanum oxide, ytterbium oxide and erbium oxide as starting material, dissolving in 68% nitric acid, heating to evaporate excess nitric acid, adding deionized water to obtain solution A, dissolving metal chloride salts in deionized water to obtain solution B, dissolving 3.012 g potassium fluoride in 3 mL deionized water, adding 20 mL ethanol, taking 50 mL ethylene diamine, mixing solutions A and B, lanthanum, ytterbium, erbium at molar ratio of M=1-x-y-z:x:y:-z where x=0.1, y=0.02, z=0.01-0.15 and M is metal ion, mixing with drops of ethylenediamine, stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, adding solution of potassium fluoride, stirring at constant temperature for 30 minutes under air atmosphere, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 200 degrees C for 24 hours, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, alternately washing with deionized water and ethanol and drying at 60 degrees C for 6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: The conductive glass substrate is cleaned using absolute ethanol, acetone and deionized water, then placed in mixture of 0.3-0.6 M ethanolamine and 0.3-0.6 M zinc acetate to form conductive glass with zinc oxide seed layer, and obtained product is placed in mixed solution of 25-75 mM zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 12.5-37.5 mM hexamethylenetetramine, 1.2-1.5 mM polyethyleneimine and 1.2-1.5 mL aqueous ammonia. Preferred Components: The conductive glass substrate is fluorine-doped tin dioxide transparent conductive glass substrate or indium-tin oxide transparent conductive glass substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The zinc oxide nanowire array is preferably provided in mixed solution of 0.0012-0.0036 M periodic acid, 0.06 M zinc acetate, 0.03 M hexamethylenetetramine, 1-3 mL deionized water and remainder of methanol. The total content of methanol and deionized water is 50 mL.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent is ascorbic acid, sodium citrate, hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride, hydroiodic acid, caffeic acid and ethylene diamine. The hydrophilic group-containing vinyl monomer is carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and amide group. The water-soluble radical initiator is ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ferrous chloride-sodium sulfite and ferrous chloride-sodium bisulfite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasma used in manufacture of light scattering film is oxygen, nitrogen, argon, nitrous oxide, and trifluoromethane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The film is chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polystyrene, polypropylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polymethyl methacrylate, Parylene (RTM: chemical vapor deposited poly(p-xylylene) polymer), and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor metal oxide is molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide and/or titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid solvent is acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, benzoic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid or non-fluorinated acid polymer compound including poly styrene sulfonic acid or poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer comprises polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly selenophene , polyfluorene and/or poly-p-phenylene vinylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent inorganic oxide layer is made of silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide or alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water vapor barrier layer comprises a transparent organic film layer and a transparent inorganic oxide layer provided on opposite surfaces of transparent organic film layer. The transparent organic film layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate film or polyethylene naphthalate film. The adhesive layer is made of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape. The weather-resistant functional layer is made of fluoropolymer film. The pressure-sensitive adhesive tape comprises polyacrylic acid adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, epoxy resin adhesive or polyester adhesive. Preferred Properties: The transparent organic film layer has thickness of 20-188 mu m. The transparent inorganic oxide layer has thickness of 10-200 nm. The pressure-sensitive adhesive tape has thickness of 30-80 mu m. The weather-resistant functional layer has thickness of 50-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dispersant contains polypropylene acid and binder contains polyethylene alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dianhydride compound is optionally substituted aromatic or aliphatic dianhydride of formula (I). The diamine compound is optionally substituted aromatic or aliphatic diamine compound of formula: H2N-R2-NH2 (II). The organic solvent is N-methypyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-methyl caprolactam, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethyl urea, pyridine, dimethyl sulfate, hexamethyl sulfoxide, m-cresol, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, cyclohexanone, or cyclopentanone.R1=group chosen from 49 groups e.g. groups of formulae (ii)-(vi);andR2=group chosen from 123 groups e.g. groups of formulae (vii)-(xi).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyimide is wholly aromatic polyimide, alicyclic polyimide, or partially aromatic polyimide. The concentration of polyimide in the solution is 1-90 wt.%. Preferred Process: Manufacture of polyimide is performed in the presence of inert gas chosen from nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, krypton and xenon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer (I) is preferably chosen from 8 compounds e.g. compounds of formulae (II)-(VI), and has number average molecular weight of 500-1000000 g/mol and molecular weight distribution of 1-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The methylammonium halide is methylammonium iodide, methylammonium bromide and methylammonium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lead halide is lead chloride, lead bromide or lead iodide. The strontium halide is strontium chloride, strontium bromide or strontium iodide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic amine is methylamine, formamidine, ethylamine, propylamine, and/or butylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrolytic pool frame is made of PVC, polypropylene or Phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) membrane, glass fiber membrane, supermolecule micropore PE membrane or Nafion membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves using photoinitiator and surfactant. Preferred Composition: The photoinitiator is chosen from 2-hydroxy-1-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)-1-butanone, 1-hydroxycyclohexylbenzophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, 2-hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-di(phenyl)ethanone and methanone,1,1'-(phenylphosphinylidene)bis(1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)). The surfactant is chosen from nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant and amphoteric surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photocuring polymer is chosen from poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy acrylate, phenolic resin, urethane methyl acrylate, gelatin and Arabic gum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanocable carrier has diameter of 50-500 nm and length of 300 nm to 10 mu m. The noble metal active component particle diameter is 1-10 nm. The carrier is prepared by taking carbon source and metal source, and performing solvothermal reaction at 100-200 degrees C for 3-48 hours to obtain one-dimensional nanocable carrier; sintering at 500-1000 degrees C under nitrogen protection, and heat refluxing for 1-5 hours in functional agent to obtain functionalized nanocable carrier; mixing with nano metal precursor, adding additive, adjusting pH to 8-12 using alkaline liquor, and reducing. The metal source is silver nitrate, copper chloride, aluminum nitrate, ferrous chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate or manganese chloride. The nano metal precursor is chloroplatinic acid, sodium tetrachloropalladate, palladium dichloride, copper(II) chloride, ruthenium(III) chloride or rhodium(III) chloride. The alkaline liquor is sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or ammonia water solution. The reduction agent is potassium borohydride, sodium borohydride, sodium thiosulfate, ascorbic acid, hydrated hydrazine, lithium aluminum hydride, hydrogen gas or carbon monoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon source is glucose, ethanediol, glycerol, sucrose, cellulose, chitosan or starch. The functional agent is potassium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide solution, ammonia water solution, benzoic acid solution, acetic acid solution or citric acid solution. The additive is sodium oxalate, hydroxypropyl- beta -cyclodextrin, chitosan, sodium citrate, o-phenylenediamine, catechol, phthalic acid or salicylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent-A is N,N-dimethylformamide solution. The surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The extracting agent is ethyl acetate and/or n-hexane mixture. The organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or dimethylsulfoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dibromoalkane is 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,3-dibromopropane, 1,4-dibromobutane and/or 1,5-dibromopentane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The compound (I) is prepared by:(A) reflux reacting bisphenol A monomer, bisphenol B monomer and dihalogen monomer in sulfolane solvent in the presence of potassium carbonate catalyst and toluene or xylene azeotropic dehydrating agent under nitrogen atmosphere while mechanically stirring for 2-3 hours, discharging azeotropic dehydration agent, continuously heating to 180-200 degrees C for 7-10 hours, and pouring into distilled water to obtain linear polyarylether polymer white solid; and(B) washing with distilled water and with ethanol, dissolving in N-methylpyrrolidone, adding dibromoalkane, stirring, casting to obtain film, vacuum-oven drying to 50-80 degrees C for 20-30 hours, soaking in N-methylpyrrolidone for 8-15 hours to remove unreacted linear polymer, and vacuumizing to 60-80 degrees C to remove solvent and unreacted dibromoalkane.The bisphenol A monomer is 4-pyridylhydroquinone, 3-pyridylhydroquinone, 2-pyridylhydroquinone, 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)hydroquinone, 2,5-bis(3-pyridyl)hydroquinone and/or 2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)hydroquinone. The bisphenol B monomer is biphenol, hydroquinone, bisphenol A and/or 4,4-dihydroxybenzophenone. The dihalogen monomer is 4,4-difluorodiphenylsulfone, 4,4-dichlorodiphenylsulfone, 4,4-difluorobenzophenone and/or 4,4-dichlorobenzophenone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fluxing agent is sodium chloride, cesium chloride, potassium chloride and/or potassium iodide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The high-boiling organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide or N-methyl pyrrolidone. The surfactant comprises cationic surfactant, anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant and perfluorinated surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The porous PTFE membrane base film is provided with thickness of 15-30 cm and porosity of 75-95%. The content of surfactant is 1-15%, and amount of nano silicon dioxide is 1-15%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The total thickness of gradient structure is 0.1-3 microns. The thickness of each layer within gradient structure is 1-100 nm.
Preferred Definitions:    Ar'=group chosen from groups of formulae (1)-(20);and    R',R'a-R'd=linear, branched or cyclic 1-24C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The purity of elemental silver is more than 99.99%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate. The dispersant is polyvinylpyrrolidone having molecular weight of 55000-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The water removal rate (x) and bulk density (y) (in kg/m3) of carbon nanotube aggregate satisfies relation of formula: -2.9x+100 less than or equal to y less than or equal to -2.9x+130, where y is 30 and x is not defined. Preferred Composition: The precursor is aluminum hydroxide. The catalyst is chosen from iron, cobalt, molybdenum and vanadium. The usage amount of catalyst is 5-40 pts. wt., with respect to 100 pts. wt. supported catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon-containing compound is chosen from methane, ethane, ethylene, ethanol, acetylene, propane, propylene, butane, butadiene, pentane, pentene, cyclopentadiene, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene and toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of bismuth phosphide material layer is 10 nanometers to 2 microns. Preferred Components: The dilute bismuth phosphide material layer comprises aluminum phosphide, gallium phosphide and/or indium phosphide. The content of bismuth is 0.5-1.2 atom%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The flexible substrate is polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene or poly vinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent is chosen from hydrazine derivative, sodium borohydride and potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polar protic solvent is chosen from water, formic acid, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, t-butanol and acetic acid. The polar aprotic solvent is chosen from dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate and acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dispersing stabilizer is water-soluble polymer, preferably polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, ethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, sodium polymethacrylate, gelatin, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide and chitosan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass powder contains 3-15 wt.% silicon dioxide, 25-70 wt.% lead oxide, 5-50 wt.% tellurium oxide, 0-5 wt.% zinc oxide, 0-5 wt.% bismuth(III) oxide, 0-5 wt.% zirconium oxide, 0-5 wt.% magnesium oxide, 0-5 wt.% lithium oxide, 0-5 wt.% copper(II) oxide, 0-5 wt.% titanium dioxide, 0-5 wt.% boron trioxide, 0-5 wt.% phosphorus pentoxide, 0-5 wt.% aluminum oxide, 0-5 wt.% nickel oxide and 0-5 wt.% rare-earth element. The glass powder has glass transition temperature of 370-450 degrees C and average particle diameter of 1-2 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of the silver powder is 20-99.9 wt.% or 0.1-5 wt.%. The silver powder has average particle diameter of 1-2 microns. The metal oxide additive contains zinc oxide, copper(II) oxide, copper(I) oxide, tin oxide, manganese(II) oxide, magnesium oxide, barium oxide, calcium oxide, silicon dioxide and silver oxide, and has average particle diameter of 0.05-3 microns, preferably 0.08-0.2 microns. The liquid silver solution contains spherical silver nano particles, acid including inorganic acid and organic acid, glycerol, alcohol, acetone and ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solid oxide electrolyte is formed of yttria stabilized zirconia, scandia stabilized zirconia and gadolinia-doped ceria. The electrolytic pool anode is provided with nickel base catalyst. The electrolytic pool cathode is made using strontium doped lanthanum manganate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A benzothieno thiophene compound of formula (V) is produced by reacting a thieno thiophene compound of formula (IV) and n-butyl lithium. The resulting compound is reacted with thiophene compound of formula (VI) to produce dithieno thiophene compound of formula (VII). The obtained compound is reacted with aromatic compound of formula: T-X1 (VIII) to produce dithieno thiophene compound of formula (IX), which is reacted with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound of formula (X) to produce benzodithienothiophene derivative. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1-(5-(2,11-Bis(4,5-bis(decyl)thiophen-2-yl)-15-(5-(5-octyl-4,6-dioxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4H,5H,6H-thieno(3,4-c)pyrrol-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-5,9,14,18-tetrathiapentacyclo(0.6.0.03,10.04,8.013,17)octadeca-1,3(10),4(8),6,11,13(17),15-heptaen-6-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-octyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4H,5H,6H-thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione of formula (Ia) is specifically claimed as benzodithienothiophene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) further comprises dispersing the reactant using an ultrasonic dispersion machine, agitator, ball mill and three roll mill, and degassing. The substrate is processed in water of 70-100 degrees C for 3-5 hours before the coating. The step (c) is carried out using screen printing, inkjet printing or gravuring process. The method further comprises drying solvent or dense tissue. Preferred Components: The conductive copper composite ink comprises first and second copper particles in weight ratio of 1:0.001, and has intensity of 5-30 J/cm2, preferably 5-15 J/cm2, pulse width of 5-30 ms, preferably 5-20 ms and pulse gap of 5-30 ms measured for 1-10 days, preferably 1 day using xenon flash lamp under optical sintering condition. The first copper particles have diameter of 1-500 nm. The micro-sized copper particles have diameter of 1-10 mu m. The nanowires have diameter of 10-500 nm, and length of 1-100 mu m. The second copper particles comprise 0.005-0.1 pts. wt. copper nanowires and 1 pts. wt. micro sized copper particle. The conductive copper composite ink comprises 1-50 wt.% polymeric binder resin. The polymeric binder resin is polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene glycol, poly (methyl methacrylate), dextran, azobis and/or dodecylbenzene sodium. The substrate is polyimide film, blending bismaleimide/triazine epoxy/glass fiber, polyethylene film, and/or photo paper. The xenon flash lamp has pulse width of 0.01-100 ms, pulse gap of 0.01-100 ms, intensity of 0.01-100 J/cm, and pulse number of 1-1000 times. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicon-indium titanium oxide composite nanowire array is prepared by cleaning single crystal silicon chip having a thickness of 200-800 nm by soaking in chloroform for 3-5 minutes, ultrasonic washing with deionized water, soaking in 10 mass% inorganic solution, drying by blowing with nitrogen, wet etching for 150-200 seconds in the presence of oxygen to induce silver corrosion on the chip, soaking in phosphoric acid to remove silver, ultrasonic washing with deionized water, drying by blowing with nitrogen, subjecting to indium titanium oxide electron beam vapor deposition at a pressure of 5x10-4 Pa and temperature of 300 degrees C, and growing indium titanium oxide nanowire and silicon nanowire by seamless combination at a deposition rate of 0.08-0.1 nm/seconds for 15-50 minutes. The inorganic solution comprises hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen peroxide having a volume ratio of 10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The process involves keeping constant current of power supply during magnetron sputtering at 3 amperes, rotating at speed of 50 revolutions/minute, sputtering target using 45-55 wt.% Mn and 45-55 wt.% Cu alloy, sandblasting substrate, treating for 1 week, turning off box-type atmosphere resistance furnace once a week, cooling, and weighing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert gas atmosphere comprises nitrogen and/or argon. The solution used for etching comprises 0.5-2 mol.L-1 sodium hydroxide solution or 10-30 wt.% hydrogen fluoride solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anodization of magnesium or its alloy involves using electrolyte comprising 10-30 g/L potassium hydroxide, 10-30 g/L sodium hydroxide, 10-50 g/L sodium silicate and 1-10 g/L sodium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The magnesium alloy comprises 2.7-2.8 wt.% aluminum, 0.93-1.05 wt.% zinc, 0.05-0.12 wt.% manganese and remainder of magnesium. Preferred Properties: The magnesium material has surface resistance of 108-108.5 Omega and hardness of 250-300, after subjecting the material to 5% sodium chloride salt spray test for 300-1000 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode package contains 79.4 %mass mixed metal powder or metal alloy, 20 %mass powdered electrolyte, 0.5 %mass calcium oxide and 0.1 %mass hydrogen inhibitor. Preferred Components: The mixed metal powder or metal alloy is aluminum-magnesium mixed powder or aluminum-magnesium alloy. The powdered electrolyte is sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The hydrogen inhibitor is potassium sulfide. The mass ratio of aluminum and magnesium in aluminum-magnesium mixed powder is 0.5-3:6-8, preferably 2:8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nonwoven fabric is mixed with carboxymethyl cellulose and cerium hydroxide. The nonwoven fabric is made of polypropylene, polyethylene or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The structure has a length scale of microstructures which varies from few mm to sub microns. The height of the tapered pillars are 1-2.5 mm with folded surface patterns on its top whose length is 100-120 mu m and size of the sub micron spikes covering the inner patters of the folded surface is 15-50 mu m. The super-hydrophobic polymer surface has a contact angle of 130-155 degrees , preferably 140-150 degrees , and contact angle hysteresis of 0-5 degrees . The reflection of the polymer surface is 0-0.3% at all angle of incidence. The antireflection of the surface is based on the internal reflection of the microstructures. Preferred Process: The polymer surface is obtained by bio-mimicking the structure of Carina Indica's seed pod or leaf or flower petal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal salt is a platinum salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent is hydrazine or sodium hypophosphite. The carbon-based material is activated carbon, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes or carbon cloth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier comprises solvent and organic resin. The solvent is terpineol, dibasic ester, diethylene glycol ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate or dibutyl ester. The organic resin is ethyl cellulose or rosin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluxing agent is sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cesium chloride and/or potassium iodide. The fluxing agent and reaction raw materials has molar ratio of 1-10:1. Preferred Method: The vacuum degree is at 10-102 Pa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred method: The contacting step includes spin coating method, blade coating method, screen printing method or dip-coating method. The solvent (A) is removed by solvent annealing and/or heating annealing. Preferred Properties: The concentration of lead(II) chloride in solution is 0.1-1.2 M. The molar ratio of methylammonium iodide and lead(II) chloride is 1:1-4:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent (B) comprises isopropanol. The solvent (A) comprises N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or gamma -butyrolactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The neutralization is carried out by adding calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic polysulfonic acid compound is preferably of formula (M2). The oxalate compound is sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, potassium hydrogen oxalate, lithium oxalate or magnesium oxalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The trifunctional siloxane is gamma -glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, n-hexyltrimethoxysilane, n-hexyltriethoxysilane, dodecyl trimethoxysilane, dodecyl triethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, hexadecyl triethoxysilane, gamma -benzyl aminomethyl trimethoxysilane, gamma -benzylaminomethyltriethoxysilane, N- beta -(aminoethyl)- gamma -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- beta -(aminoethyl)- gamma -aminopropyl triethoxysilane, gamma -aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, gamma -aminopropyl triethoxysilane, (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane or 3-trimethoxysilane-1-propanethiol. The difunctional siloxane is diphenyl dimethoxysilane, diphenyl diethoxysilane, methyl phenyl dimethoxysilane, methyl phenyl diethoxysilane, mercaptodimethyl dimethoxysilane, mercapto-dimethyl diethoxysilane, dimethyl dimethoxysilane, dimethyl diethoxysilane, diethyl dimethoxysilane, diisopropyl dimethoxysilane or diisopropyl diethoxysilane. The monofunctional siloxane is triphenylmethoxysilane, triphenylethoxysilane, trimethylmethoxysilane, trimethylethoxysilane or triethylmethoxysilane. The titanate monomer is chosen from tetraisopropyltitanate, tetraisopropyltitanate, tetra-iso-butyl titanate, tetrabutyl titanate, triethanolamine titanate. The zirconate monomer is tetra-n-propyl zirconate, zirconium tetra-n-butoxide or triethanolamine zirconate. The acidic catalyst is hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and p-toluene sulfonic acid. The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, cyclohexane or hexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The nanosheet has compact density of 3.5-4.5 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive metallic particles are chosen from silver, copper, gold, aluminum, nickel, platinum, palladium, molybdenum, and/or mixtures or alloys. Preferred Composition: The paste composition further comprises zinc oxide. The composition comprises 80-95% conductive metallic particles, 1-6 wt.% glass frit, and 5-15% wt.% organic vehicle, based on total weight of the paste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic vehicle preferably comprises 5-35 wt.% natural essential oil, 3-8 wt.% resin, and 7-14 wt.% based on total weight of the organic vehicle. The natural essential oil is a terpene compound. The organic vehicle further comprises a surfactant. Preferred Components: The natural essential oil is chosen from olive oil, sunflower oil, com oil, mustard oil, sesame oil, almond oil, peanut oil, canola oil, coconut oil, and/or vegetable oil. The terpene is chosen from lavender oil, spike oil, lavender grosso oil, lavandin oil, linalool, linalyl acetate, geraniol, isoeugenol, farnesol, linoleic acid, eugenol, citronellol, terpineol, terpineol isomers, pinenes, and/or pinene isomers. The organic solvent is a glycol ether or ester alcohol comprising carbitol, hexyl carbitol, texanol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, dimethyladipate glycol ether, diglyme and/or butyl diglyme. The thixotropic agent is at least one of castor oil derivative, inorganic clays, polyamides, polyamide derivatives, fumed silica, carboxylic acid derivatives, and/or fatty acid derivatives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction mixture further contains crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent is chosen from pentaerythritol triallyl ether, triaryl isocyanurate, divinylbenzene, hexanediol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate ethoxylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, 1,4-butanediol divinylether, 1,6-hexanediol ether, di(ethylene glycol)divinyl ether, tri(ethylene glycol)divinyl ether, tetra(ethylene glycol)divinyl ether and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol divinylether. The solvent is chosen from isopropanol, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, methanol and ethanol. The radiation is chosen from alpha -ray, beta -ray, gamma -ray, ultraviolet ray and electron beam.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ionomer including sulfonic acid group is chosen from sulfonated poly(etheretherketone), sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) and sulfonated polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A silicon-oxide film and/or magnesium-fluoride film is formed as an abrasion-resistant layer (16) on the protective film. The base material is a glass board material, semiconductor base material or resin base material. The base layer comprises 2 layers of silicon oxide (SiO) layer or silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer. The silver film comprises pure silver which does not contain any components other than silver. The oxide film is aluminum oxide film. The metal film is nickel film. The water-repellent oil-repellent film is formed as an outermost surface layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali sulfide metal salt is chosen from sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, lithium sulfide, rubidium sulfide, and their hydrates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The palladium catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and/or bis(triphenylphosphine)dichloropalladium. The 1,4-bis(3-bromo-5-substituted-2-thienyl)-2,5-dihalobenzene is 1,4-bis(3-bromo-5-substituted-2-thienyl)-2,5-difluorobenzene or 1,4-bis(3-bromo-5-substituted-2-thienyl)-2,5- dichlorobenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert gas is nitrogen and argon gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic particle is sodium silicate, potassium silicate, lithium magnesium silicate, aluminum ammonium carbonate and/or aluminum sulfate and the inorganic particles III are alumina, silica, titania, ceria, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium acid cerium, calcium titanate, barium titanate, lithium phosphate, lithium titanium phosphate, titanium phosphate, aluminum, lithium nitride and/or lithium lanthanum titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic particles are organic functional polyethyleneimine, polyacrylonitrile and their copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride ethylene, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyimide, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymers, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyethylacrylate, polyacrylic acid-styrene copolymer, dimethicone, sodium polyacrylate and/or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The porous substrate is vinyl polymers and their copolymers, polyimides, polyamides, polyesters, cellulose derivatives or polysulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The welding layer contains tin, bismuth, indium, silver, antimony, lead and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The total initial concentration of the platinum ion and palladium ion in reaction solution (I) is 0.1-50 mol/m3. The initial concentration of the electron donor is 100 mol/m3 or less. The metal-ion reduction bacteria is added after adding the electron donor to reaction solution (II) such that the initial concentration of the electron donor in reaction solution (II) is more than the initial concentration of the electron donor in reaction solution (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Structure: The hydrogen energy system further comprises hydrogen fuel user structure(s) arranged to use hydrogen gas as fuel in vehicle, and waste-heat transferer structure(s) to transfer waste heat from one element of the hydrogen energy system to hydrogen storer. The hydrogen fuel user structure comprises energy converter structure(s) arranged to assist conversion of hydrogen gas, through energy-conversion process, into one form of energy. The energy-conversion process provides energy to operate the vehicle. The energy converter comprises combustion engine and hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen storer further comprises a unified matrix of granules in material structure arranged to cyclically store hydrogen and release stored hydrogen, and alternating layers comprising layer(s) of hydrogen storer material and layer(s) of nitinol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen storer comprises magnesium hydride, and nano-structured element(s). The enthalpy reducer further comprises catalyst, shape memory material and austenite phase at more than 250 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The average thickness of the glass substrate is 10-200 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer contains polyimide. Preferred Property: The average thickness of the resin layer is 10-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of rubber-containing graft polymer powder in the resin composition is 1-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass polyvinyl acetal. The resin composition further comprises magnesium salt. The rubber-like polymer (X) contains 25-75 %mass conjugated diene unit (x1). The conjugated diene unit (x1) comprises 25-75 %mass acrylate unit (x2) having 2-8C alkyl and 0-5 %mass other copolymerizable monomeric units (x3). The vinyl monomer (Y') contains 1-8C alkyl methyl methacrylate (y1) and/or 0-50 %mass styrene (y2), and an alkyl group. Preferred Property: The difference of the refractive index of a polyvinyl acetal and rubber-containing graft polymer powder is 0.02 or less. Preferred Process: The rubber-containing graft polymer latex is obtained by graft-polymerizing 10-1000 parts mass vinyl monomer (Y') in presence of 100 parts mass rubber-like polymer (X), and solidifying and recovering using coagulant containing at least 1 sort(s) chosen from organic acid and an inorganic acid, aluminum salt of inorganic acid and organic acid, and alkali metal salt of organic acid and inorganic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic monomer is chosen from (meth)acrylate monomer, styrene-type monomer, and fluorine-containing monomer containing 4C or more hydroxyalkyl group as alcohol residue, preferably chosen from styrene, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, trifluoromethyl methacrylate, trifluoroethyl acrylate, trifluoroethyl methacrylate, trifluoroisobutyl methacrylate, trifluoroisobutyl acrylate, perfluorohexylethyl methacrylate, perfluorohexylethyl acrylate, perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate, and perfluorooctylethyl acrylate. The organic rare-earth complex is europium complex of formula (I).R=H or optionally substituted 1-20C hydrocarbyl;andn=1-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains methyl methacrylate as a monomer. The content of hydrophobic monomer is 1-125 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass methyl methacrylate. The content of azo polymerization initiator is 0.25-0.8 %mass with respect to 100 %mass (meth)acrylate monomer contained in the composition. The olefin (co)polymer is chosen from low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, ethylene-polar monomer copolymer, and ethylene-( alpha ) olefin copolymer polymerized using the metallocene catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic monomer is chosen from (meth)acrylate monomer, styrene-type monomer, and fluorine-containing monomer containing 4C or more hydroxyalkyl group as alcohol residue, preferably chosen from styrene, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, trifluoromethyl methacrylate, trifluoroethyl acrylate, trifluoroethyl methacrylate, trifluoroisobutyl methacrylate, trifluoroisobutyl acrylate, perfluorohexylethyl methacrylate, perfluorohexylethyl acrylate, perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate, and perfluorooctylethyl acrylate. The organic rare-earth complex is europium complex of formula (I).R=H or optionally substituted 1-20C hydrocarbyl;andn=1-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains methyl methacrylate as a monomer. The content of hydrophobic monomer is 1-125 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass methyl methacrylate. The content of azo polymerization initiator is 0.25-0.8 %mass with respect to 100 %mass (meth)acrylate monomer contained in the composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dialkyl aluminum alkoxide is of formula Al(OR3)(R1)(R2) (I). The alkyl aluminum dialkoxide is of formula Al(OR3)(OR2)(R1) (II).R1,R2=methyl or ethyl;andR3=methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first and second resin sheet is formed with the polyethylene type film. The second resin sheet is a glass epoxy resin. The first resin sheet is formed with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or the polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 295 Fused aromatic compounds are specifically claimed e.g. 2-(4-(4,6-diphenyl-(1,3,5)triazin-2-yl)-phenyl)-4-phenyl-benzo(4,5)thieno(3,2-d)pyrimidine of formula (Ia), 2-(4-(4-naphthalen-2-yl-6-phenyl-(1,3,5)triazin-2-yl)-phenyl)-4-phenyl-benzo(4,5)thieno(3,2-d)pyrimidine, 2-(4-(4-biphenyl-4-yl-6-phenyl-(1,3,5)triazin-2-yl)-phenyl)-4-phenyl-benzo(4,5)thieno(3,2-d)pyrimidine, 2-(4-(4-phenanthren-9-yl-6-phenyl-(1,3,5)triazin-2-yl)-phenyl)-4-phenyl-benzo(4,5)thieno(3,2-d)pyrimidine and 2-(4-(4,6-Bis-biphenyl-4-yl-(1,3,5)triazin-2-yl)-phenyl)-4-phenyl-benzo(4,5)thieno(3,2-d)pyrimidine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The target mark is selected from indium gallium selenium target, copper selenium target, aluminum indium selenium target, copper gallium target, indium target, indium aluminum target, copper indium gallium target, copper indium aluminum target, CIGS target, copper target, antimony copper target, indium antimony target, gallium antimony target, copper gallium antimony target, copper gallium, bismuth target, copper bismuth target, indium, bismuth target, gallium bismuth target, zinc target, gallium zinc target, zinc aluminum gallium aluminum target or zinc target.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of aqueous potassium chloropalladite solution is 0.005-0.02 mol/L. The pH regulator is hydrochloric acid or aqueous potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molar ratio of aqueous potassium chloropalladite solution and aqueous polyethyleneimine solution is 1:9-12. The molar ratio of aqueous potassium chloropalladite solution to hydrazine hydrate is 1:175-300. Preferred Method: The standing reaction is carried out at 80 degrees C for 2 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The average molecular weight of polyethyleneimine is 8000-12000.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 341 Heterocyclic compounds are specifically claimed e.g. 2-phenyl-4-(pyridin-2-yl)quinazoline of formula (A), 2-phenyl-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)quinazoline, 2-phenyl-4-(1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)quinazoline, 2-phenyl-4-(5H-pyrido(3,2-b)indol-5-yl)quinazoline and 13-(2-phenylquinazolin-4-yl)-2-azapentacyclo(12.8.0.03,12.04,9.017,22)docosa-1,3(12),4(9),5,7,10,13,15,17(22),18,20-undecaene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of copper nanowire dispersing liquid is 1-10 mmol/L. The concentration of noble metal precursor solution is 10-100 mmol/L. The noble metal precursor is potassium tetrachloroplatinate, sodium tetrachloroplatinate, platinum(II) chloride, sodium tetrachloropalladate, potassium tetrachloropalladate, palladium(II) acetate, gold(III) chloride and/or chloroauric acid. The mol ratio of copper nanowire and noble metal precursor is 10:1-1:1. Preferred Method: The method further comprises etching at 50-150 degrees C using sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, carbonic acid, formic acid and/or phosphoric acid. The replacement reaction is done at 50-150 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The volume ratio of good solvent and poor solvent is 10:1-1:10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The selenium vapor includes hydrogen selenide and the sulfur vapor includes hydrogen sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The vacuum chamber is configured for roll-to-roll processing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of iron/chromium, bromine/polysulfide, vanadium, zinc/bromine, lithium polysulfide, vanadium, tris (bipyridine) nickel (II) tetrafluoroborate/tris (bipyridine) iron (II) tetrafluoroborate, tris (bipyridine) ruthenium (II), and zinc/cerium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium source is tetrabutyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, titanium trichloride, titanium tetrachloride, titanyl sulfate and/or titanium tetrachloride. The microsphere is non-metallic element doped titanium dioxide. The non-metallic element is carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and/or boron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The volume ratio of acetylacetone and isopropyl alcohol in the mixed solvent is 1:1-1:20. The content of ethylenediamine is 0.01-20 ml, isopropyl alcohol is 40 ml and acetylacetone is 10 ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The epoxy compound is ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. The hydroxyalkyl group is 2-hydroxyethyl group or 3-hydroxypropyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polysaccharide is chosen from guar gum, cellulose, starch, xanthan gum, tamarind seed gum, tamarind gum, locust bean gum, pullulan and gum arabic. Preferred Properties: The polysaccharide has 1-4C hydroxyalkyl group substitution degree of 2.1 or more, and a crosslinking degree of 0.29 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ionic liquid is alicyclic amine ionic liquid, aliphatic amine ionic liquid, amidine type ionic liquid, imidazolium type ionic liquid, pyridium type ionic liquid and/or phosphine type ionic liquid. The luminescent dye is a rhodamine-type dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermoplastic resin is (meth)acrylic-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first and second substrates include glass, quartz, silica, sapphire, silicon carbide, diamond, and gallium nitride. The intermediate layer includes an amorphous silicon thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The hydrogen generator further consists of a thermoelectric generator to receive the heat that comes out from the chemical reaction. The hydrogen further comprises a heat exchange mechanism to receive the heat output by the chemical reaction. The hydrogen generator further consists of hydrolysis cell to receive electricity generated by the thermoelectric generator. The hydrogen generator further consists of combustion engine to receive hydrogen, a condenser for receiving steam from the combustion engine and water filter for filtering water produced by the condenser. The heat pump is used to cool interior of building, water material, cabin of vehicle, interior of tent, interior of temporary component, or an engine that receives heat generated by the chemical reaction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The source of aluminum and source of alkali metal hydroxide is a mixture of aluminum, alkali metal hydroxide and a binder. The liquid comprises water. The hydrogen generator further comprises source of heat.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel cell also has wiring comprising gold or gold alloy or any metal or alloy resistant to effects of electrolyte having saline concentration ranging from approximately 3 wt.% to 12 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The high refractive index layer contains zinc sulfide. The first high refractive index layer contains silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The second high refractive index layer contains Titanium, indium, zinc, Cerium, tungsten, gallium, tin. The metal oxide containing sort of element chosen from the group which consists of hafnium, zirconium, niobium, a tantalum, aluminum, bismuth, and germanium is contained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The (meth)acrylate monomer is methyl methacrylate. The organic rare-earth complex is europium complex of formula (II).R=H or optionally substituted 1-20C hydrocarbyl;andn=1-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The olefin (co)polymer is preferably chosen from ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer polymerized using metallocene catalyst, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, and ethylene-polar monomer copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic peroxide (b) is 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)-2-methylcyclohexane. The (meth)acrylate monomer is methyl methacrylate. The crosslinking agent contains carbonyl group-containing compound of formula: H2C=C(-R1)-C(=O)-O-(CH2)n-O-C(=O)-C(-R2)=CH2 (II). The composition further contains hydrophobic monomer having n-octanol/water partition coefficient higher than the methyl methacrylate. The hydrophobic monomer is styrene. The organic rare-earth complex is europium complex of formula (III).R1,R2=H or methyl;n=2-14;R=H or optionally substituted 1-20C hydrocarbyl;andn=1-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The olefin (co)polymer is preferably chosen from ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer polymerized using metallocene catalyst, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, and ethylene-polar monomer copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrocarbon (b) is vinyl norbornene, preferably 5-vinylbicyclo(2.2.1)hept-2-ene or 6-vinylbicyclo(2.2.1)hept-2-ene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The cured material of the curable composition has refractive index of 1.45 or more, light transmittance of 80% or more, and oxygen gas permeability of less than 500 cc/m2.day at 23 degrees C. Preferred Component: The compound (B) is organopolysiloxane of formula: (R3)aSiO(4-a)/2 (III), and contains isocyanuric ring.R3=optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbyl or addition reaction carbon-carbon double bond;anda=1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid is hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Manufacture of polyvinyl phosphonic acid further involves removing acid from the reaction solution by re-precipitating polyvinyl phosphonic acid after hydrolysis using a poor solvent, carrying out t-butyl alcohol substitution reaction, and contacting solution containing polyvinyl phosphonic acid with adsorption agent. The polyvinyl phosphonic acid diester is obtained by anion-polymerizing vinyl phosphonic acid diester as a monomer. Preferred Composition: The adsorption agent is ion-exchange resin or basic inorganic solid. The content of acid in the polyvinyl phosphonic acid is 1 %mass or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer has diene-based structural unit of formula (I).R3=H or 1-30C organic group;R2=methylene;R3,R5=direct bond or methylene;R4=H, 1-4C alkyl, phenyl, carboxy, ester or cyano;X,Y'=methylene, 1-4C alkyl, imino, carbonyl, O or S;andZ=bond, methylene optionally containing 1-4C alkyl, imino, carbonyl, O or S.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The paste composition comprises 10-25 wt.% aluminum powder, and 65-85 wt.% tin powder. Preferred Property: The tin particles have size of 3-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic particle core comprises titanium dioxide and/or zirconium dioxide. Preferred Property: The inorganic particle core has particle diameter of 20-900 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The basic organic polymer shell is poly(4-vinylpyridine) obtained using 2-ethenylpyridine and 4-((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethenyl)pyridine as monomers. Preferred Property: The thickness of the basic organic polymer shell is 5-20 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solar cells are chosen from mono-crystalline cells, poly-crystalline cells, heterojunction cells, cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, copper indium selenide, and thin film silicon cells.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: UHMWPE is in the form of tapes and/or fibers. The back sheet comprises two or more layers of UHMWPE tapes, and further comprises protective layer(s) made from polyethylene, such as linear-low density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, or high-density polyethylene. The protective layer(s) further comprises thermal conductivity increasing additives such as boron nitride, and is adhered to UHMWPE using an adhesive. The adhesive is chosen from thermally curable adhesives, hot-melt adhesives and pressure-sensitive adhesives. The solar panels further comprise layer(s) of encapsulant (2,4) preferably chosen from thermoplastic polymers, such as ethyl vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, and silicones, and containing fillers chosen from organic and/or inorganic fillers. Preferred Properties: The back sheet has thickness of preferably 100-200 microns, and draw ratio of more than 15, preferably more than 50. The draw refers to the ratio between length of sheet after stretching and original length of sheet before stretching.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base film is a film containing polyethylene terephthalate resin. The resin layer (B) has thickness of 0.5 mu m or more. The total thickness of resin layers (A) and (B) is 60% or less of thickness of base film. The resin layers (A) and (B) are formed by coating and photocuring curable composition containing photopolymerizable compound containing (meth)acryloyl group(s) in a molecule. The microparticles of resin layers (A) and (B) contain silicon oxide. The laminated film has total light transmittances of 80-95%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): The 4-carbazolyl amine compound (I) is prepared by reacting secondary amine compound of formula (IV) and halogen compound of formula (V) using copper catalyst or palladium catalyst in presence of base.Y'=halo. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 164 4-Carbazolyl amine compounds e.g. N,9-diphenyl-N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-4-amine of formula (Ia), N-(4-methylphenyl)-9-phenyl-N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-4-amine, N-(3-methylphenyl)-9-phenyl-N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-4-amine, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9-phenyl-N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-4-amine, and N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-9-phenyl-N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-4-amine, are disclosed.    EXAMPLE - 1.6 g 4-Chloro-9-phenyl carbazole, 1.9 g N-phenyl N-(9-phenyl-carbazol-3-yl)amine, 0.74 g sodium tert-butoxide, 15 mL o-xylene, 12 mg palladium acetate, and 37 mg tri(tert-butyl)phosphine were added to 50 mL three-necked flask in nitrogen atmosphere, stirred at 140 degrees C for 7 hours, 10 mL pure water was added, and stirred. Then, aqueous layer and organic layer were liquid-separated, organic layer was washed with pure water and saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution, solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The resultant product was purified by silica gel column chromatography, to obtain 2.5 g N,9-diphenyl-N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-4-amine with yield of 75%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mold release agent contains lauric acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, stearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether, fluoroalkyl alkylene oxide addition product, lauryl benzene sulfonic acid and lauryl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, and/or its partial decomposition product. The organic electroluminescent element substrate further has support substrate. The color filter substrate further has support substrate. The mold release agent exists in one surface side of the resin film, and does not exist in other surface side. The content of mold release agent is 0.0001-2 wt.%. The thickness of resin film is 5-50 mu m. The largest depth in which the mold release agent exists in surface side in which several mold release agents exist is 0.5-2 mu m from the surface side. In surface side in which several mold release agents exist, the concentration of mold release agent in 1 mu m-deep area is 0.01-20 wt.% in the area from one surface of the resin film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin film contains resin(s) chosen from polyimide resin, polybenzoxazole resin, polyamidoimide resin and polyamide resin. The resin film is transparent film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorine compound comprises 0.1-0.01 mol fluorine with respect to 1 mol of alkoxysilanes which is added to form a film of specific refractive index. The alkoxysilane is tetraalkoxysilane or trialkoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The low-refractive-index film has refractive index of 1.30-1.43. Refractive index is adjusted with the addition amount of a fluorine compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass substrate comprises 45-70 wt.% silicon dioxide, 11-20 wt.% aluminum oxide, 0.5 wt.% boron trioxide, 0-6 wt.% magnesium oxide, 4-12 calcium oxide, 5-13 wt.% strontium oxide, 0.5-4 wt.% barium oxide, 0-8 wt.% zirconium oxide, 4.5-10 wt.% sodium oxide, 3.5-15 wt.% potassium oxide, 10-30 wt.% magnesium oxide-calcium oxide, strontium oxide-barium oxide, 8-20 wt.% mixture of sodium oxide and potassium oxide, 0.7-2 wt.% sodium oxide/potassium oxide composite and 4-4.5 wt.% aluminum oxide-sodium oxide-potassium oxide-magnesium oxide composite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): An alcohol of formula (7) is cyclized in presence of an acidic catalyst to produce aromatic compound of formula (8). The resulting compound is reacted with secondary amine compound in the presence of a copper catalyst or a palladium catalyst and a base, and benzo thieno fluorene compound is produced.X3=halo. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1,Ar2=phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, fluorenyl, benzo fluorenyl, dibenzo thienyl, dibenzofuranyl or carbazolyl (all optionally substituted by substituent (S)).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 96 Benzo thieno fluorene compounds e.g. diphenyl-(4-(7-phenyl-7H-12-thia-indeno(1,2-a)fluoren-7-yl)-phenyl)-amine of formula (Ia), (4-(7-biphenyl-4-yl-7H-12-thia-indeno(1,2-a)fluoren-7-yl)-phenyl)-diphenyl-amine, phenyl-(4-(7-phenyl-7H-12-thia-indeno(1,2-a)fluoren-7-yl)-phenyl)-p-tolyl-amine , (4-(7-phenyl-7H-12-thia-indeno(1,2-a)fluoren-7-yl)-phenyl)-di-p-tolylamine and (4-(7-naphthalen-1-yl-7H-12-thia-indeno(1,2-a)fluoren-7-yl)-phenyl)-di-p-tolyl-amine are disclosed.    EXAMPLE - 23.5 g 1,2-Dibromobenzene, 23 g dibenzothiophene 4-boronic acid, 133 g tripotassium phosphate aqueous solution, 3.4 g tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium and 120 ml tetrahydrofuran were mixed, heated and refluxed for 15 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and water layer and the organic layer were liquid-separated. The organic layer was washed with saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution and saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution, concentrated under reduced pressure, and dried to produce 17 g diphenyl-(4-(7-phenyl-7H-12-thia-indeno(1,2-a)fluoren-7-yl)-phenyl)-amine with yield of 50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of anion group with respect to amine is 1:0.6-1:1.4. The molar ratio of repeating structural unit of the conjugated-system conductive polymer and repeating structural unit of the polyanion is 1:0.3-1:60. The polyanion contains polyvinyl sulfonic acid having vinyl sulfonic acid unit of formula (I). The conjugated type conductive polymer is a derivative of polythiophene, preferably poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene).R1,R2,R3=H, 1-15C alkyl or alkylene;Z1=H, halo, 1-15C alkyl or alkylene, metal ion, ammonium ion, protonated primary, secondary, tertiary amine or quaternary ammonium ion;andn=repeating unit.Preferred Properties: The visible and near-infrared absorption spectrum of the dispersion liquid of which solid content concentration is adjusted to 0.02 %mass from 0.0067 %mass is measured in 10 mm of optical path lengths' cell. The linear inclination which ties the light absorbency of 800 nm and light absorbency of 1200 nm is more than 1x 10-4/nm, and the linear inclination which ties the light absorbency of 400 nm and light absorbency of 800 nm is more than 4.6x 10-4/nm when proportionality conversion is carried out such that the light absorbency of 800 nm is set to 0.3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer (L1) is formed of an ultraviolet curable epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic layer contains silicon oxide, silicon nitride, oxidized silicon carbide, oxidized silicon nitride, silicon oxycarbonitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, oxidized aluminum carbide and aluminum oxynitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During manufacture of fine-fiber-containing sheet, one or more introductory substituents are disconnected from sheet by processing the sheet with vapor of water and/or alcohol. The vapor is high pressure steam of 0.1-30 MPa. Manufacture of fine-fiber-containing sheet involves changing the neutralization degree of substituent introduced-fiber or substituent-introduced fine fiber. Preferred Composition: The alcohol is polyhydric alcohol in which ratio of hydroxy group and carbon is 0.2 or more. The substituent with electrostatic and/or three-dimensional functionality is chosen from group derived from phosphoric acid, group derived from carboxylic acid, and group derived from sulfuric acid. The composite sheet comprises inorganic layer and organic layer laminated on the inorganic layer, or organic layer and inorganic layer laminated on the organic layer, formed on one or more side of base material sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fiber raw material is material containing cellulose and/or chitin, and chitosan. The organic layer contains thermosetting resin or photocurable resin. Preferred Properties: The average fiber width of fine fiber is 2-1000 nm. The neutralization degree of the substituent introduced-fiber or substituent-introduced fine fiber is 15-85%. The thickness of base material sheet layer is 0.1-1200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The platinum metal salt precursor solution comprises chloroplatinic acid or potassium hexachloroplatinate. The ruthenium metal salt precursor solution comprises ruthenium trichloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water reducing agent comprises citric acid or sodium citrate, preferably citric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surfactant comprises polyvinylpyrrolidone-8000 and/or cetyltrimethylammonium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anti-PID sealing layer, second anti-PID sealing layer and third anti-PID sealing layer is ethylene vinyl acetate packaging material. The hydrophobic agent is tridecafluoro octyl triethoxy silane and tetraethyl orthosilicate. The cross-linking agent is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-t-butylperoxy hexane and diethylene triamine. The antioxidant is tris (4-nonylphenol) phosphite and tris (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) ester compound. The ultraviolet light absorber is benzophenone ultraviolet absorbent UV-531, UV-9, benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber UV-P, UV-326, UV-327, UV-328 and UV-329. The light stabilizer is Tinuvin 622 (RTM: Hindered amine light stabilizer), chimassorb 119, Chimassorb 2020 (RTM: Amine light stabilizer) and IV-628. The coupling agent is silane coupling agent KH-550, KH-570 and/or KH-560. The metal ion capturing agent is a polyethylene-sodium methacrylate, polyethylene-zinc dimethacrylate, polyethylene-methacrylic acid, calcium, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, polystyrene sulfonate, potassium, polystyrenesulfonic acid zinc and calcium polystyrenesulfonate. Preferred Composition: The ethylene vinyl acetate packaging material comprises 100 pts. wt. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 0.05-0.2 pts. wt. hydrophobic agent, 0.1-1.2 pts. wt. crosslinking agent, 0.02-0.3 pts. wt. antioxidant, 0.03-0.2 pts. wt. ultraviolet light absorber, 0.05-0.2 pts. wt. light stabilizer, 0.05-0.5 pts. wt. coupling agent and 0.2-1.2 pts. wt. metal ion scavenger.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of platinum and palladium in the metal precursor is 1:1-10. The molar ratio of metal precursor and octa(aminophenyl)silsesquioxane is 1:1-6. The volume ratio of formaldehyde and ultrapure water is 1:1-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Graphene oxide is dissolved in deionized water, and ultrasonically processed to obtain yellow-brown homogeneous suspension. The resultant mixture is stirred, and potassium permanganate solution is added, mixed uniformly, maintained, centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain manganese dioxide-doped graphene oxide composite. The resultant composite is ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water, and electrochemical reduction of obtained composite is carried out by cyclic voltammetry to form manganese dioxide-doped graphene-modified electrode. The obtained electrode is immersed in chloroplatinic acid solution, and electrochemical deposition of platinum nanoparticles is carried out by cyclic voltammetry to form modified electrode. The resultant modified electrode is immersed in a solution of palladium chloride, and electrochemical deposition of palladium nanoparticles is carried out to obtain palladium-platinum/manganese dioxide/graphite composite. The resultant modified electrode is immersed in chloroplatinic acid solution and electrochemical deposition of platinum nanoparticles is carried out to obtain platinum-palladium-platinum/manganese dioxide/graphene layered structure catalyst. Preferred Composition: The concentration of chloroplatinic acid solution is 1-3 mM. The concentration of palladium chloride solution is 1-3 mM.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 8 - 10 mol/L. The weak acid is 1-3 mol/L hydrochloric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon sources are benzene, toluene or xylene, nitrogen source is pyridine, ethylenediamine, pyrrole, acetonitrile or aniline, the sulfur source is sublimed sulfur, thiourea or methylthiuram disulfide and the surfactant is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide or cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the palladium-cobalt silicide (Pd-CoSi2)-graphene composite electric catalyst involves ultrasonically mixing carbonyl cobalt, graphene oxide and ethylene glycol to obtain a mixture, adjusting the pH of the mixture to 7-9 by using an alkaline solution, putting in a microwave reactor, filtering the reaction solution after the completion of the reaction, washing with deionized water and drying to obtain a cobalt oxide/ graphene oxide powder, putting the obtained powder in a tube furnace, utilizing hydrogen reducing gas to heat at 300-500 degrees C for 15-20 minutes, maintaining hydrogen filling speed, while passing silane, reacting for 15-20 minutes to obtain cobalt silicide/graphene powder, adding ethylene glycol to the cobalt silicide/graphene powder, ultrasonically dispersing palladium chloride into an aqueous solution of an acid, microwave heating, allowing to cool to room temperature, filtering, alternately washing with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water and drying.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 168 N-methyl-4-(4-((4-methylphenyl)amino)phenyl)aniline derivatives e.g. 2,3,4,5,6,7,8-heptahydrogenio-N-(4-(4-((4-(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)phenyl)-N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine of formula (Ia), 2,3,4,5,6,7,8-heptahydrogenio-N-(4-(4-(naphthalen-1-yl(4-(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)phenyl)-N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8-heptahydrogenio-N-(4-(4-((4-(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)(naphthalen-2-yl)amino)phenyl)phenyl)-N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8-heptahydrogenio-N-(4-(4-((4-(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)(4-phenylphenyl)amino)phenyl)phenyl)-N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine, and N-(4-(4-(bis(4-(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)phenyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7,8-heptahydrogenio-N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine, are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solvent used for ultrasonically cleaning the black precipitates is deionized water or distilled water.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 32 Heterocyclic compounds are specifically claimed e.g. 2-ethylhexyl 6-(2,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-11-(2-(((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)carbonyl)-4-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophen-6-yl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaen-5-yl)-4-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate of formula (Ia), 2-ethylhexyl 6-(11-(2-(((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)carbonyl)-4-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophen-6-yl)-2,8-bis(5-hexylselenophen-2-yl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaen-5-yl)-4-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate, 2-ethylhexyl 6-(11-(2-(((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)carbonyl)-4-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophen-6-yl)-2,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaen-5-yl)-4-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate, 2-ethylhexyl 6-(11-(2-(((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)carbonyl)-4-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophen-6-yl)-2,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)selenophen-2-yl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaen-5-yl)-4-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate and 2-ethylhexyl 6-(7-(2-(((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)carbonyl)-4-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophen-6-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)-4-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The flocculant solution is aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride solution, ferrous sulfate aqueous solution, and/or calcium chloride solution. The concentration of flocculant solution is 2.5-10 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer emulsion is polyvinylidene fluoride homopolymer emulsion, polytetrafluoroethylene homopolymer emulsion, polychlorotrifluoroethylene homopolymer latex, tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer emulsion, tetrafluoroethylene/ethylene copolymer emulsion, vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer emulsion, tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro propyl vinyl ether copolymer emulsion, chlorotrifluoroethylene/ethylene copolymer emulsion, tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro ethyl vinyl ether copolymer emulsion, and/or tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoromethyl vinyl ether copolymer emulsion. The solid content of fluoropolymer emulsion is 15-30 wt.%. The fluorine-containing ionic polymer emulsion is polyvinylidene fluoride/perfluorovinyl ether monomer of formula: F2C=CF-O-CFCF3CF2-OCF2CF2SO2F (I) copolymer emulsion, tetrafluoroethylene/perfluorovinyl ether monomer (I) copolymer emulsion, chlorotrifluoroethylene/perfluorovinyl ether monomer (I) copolymer emulsion, polyvinylidene fluoride/perfluorovinyl ether monomer (I) copolymer emulsion, tetrafluoroethylene/perfluorovinyl ether monomer (I) copolymer emulsion, chlorotrifluoroethylene/perfluorovinyl ether monomer (I) copolymer emulsion, chlorotrifluoroethylene/perfluorovinyl ether monomer (I) copolymer emulsion, tetrafluoroethylene/perfluorovinyl ether monomer (I) copolymer emulsion, polyvinylidene fluoride/ perfluorovinyl ether monomer (I) copolymer emulsion, and/or polyvinylidene fluoride/amide group-containing monomer of formula: F2C=CFO-CFCF3CF2-OCF2CF2SO2NCH3 copolymer emulsion. The solid content of fluorine-containing ionic polymer emulsion is 10-30 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor quantum dot contains cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide. The impurity atom is magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The glass powder has particle diameter of 3 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The silver powder has particle diameter of 5 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive contains leveling agent, anti-settling agent and/or silver alignment agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The vanadium alloy further comprises 0-5 atomic% grain refining element chosen from titanium, chromium, iron, nickel and boron. Preferred Properties: The vanadium alloy has a ductility of 10% or more elongation, grain linear intercept of 5 mm or less, based upon minimum sample size of 6 grains. The vanadium alloy does not include any voids having an average size of 0.5 mm or more. The refined vanadium alloy has a ductility of 10% or more elongation, preferably 14% or more elongation. The thin-walled tube comprises a tube having an outer diameter of 2-25 mm and wall thickness of 0.05-1 mm. Preferred Process: The heat treatment step comprises a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chemical adsorbent is chosen from calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt sulfate, gallium sulfate, titanium sulfate and nickel sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin binder is polyolefin resin. The moisture-adsorbing laminate further comprises a skin layer to which a moisture-adsorbing film contains polyolefin resin in one surface or both surfaces of the moisture-adsorbing layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The microparticles contain silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base film is a film containing polyethylene terephthalate resin. Preferred Property: The total thickness of layer (A) and layer (B) is 50% or less with respect to thickness of the base film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (B) contains 0.2-5 pts. wt. organic peroxide, and crosslinking adjuvant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin (A) is nonpolar polyethylene resin. Preferred Process: The polyethylene resin is polyethylene resin manufactured using metallocene catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The protective film is the single layer film or multilayer film made up of a silicon oxide, a silicon nitride, a silicon carbide, amorphous silicon, aluminum oxide, the titanium oxide, the tin oxide and the group consists of zinc oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Ammonium hydroxide is also used in fabrication of controllable zinc sulfide thin film. The zinc resource is zinc sulfate heptahydrate, zinc chloride, zinc nitrate or zinc acetate dehydrate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Manufacture of semiconductor nanoparticle assembly is carried out in a solvent. Preferred Property: The semiconductor nanoparticle assembly has average volume particle diameter of 100-1000 nm. Preferred Components: The translucent coating layer contains high-molecular compound containing silazane bonding, and silicon. The semiconductor nanoparticle assembly further consists of a matrix. The matrix contains a material containing silicon, and a polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The hydroxyl value of compound (a1) is preferably 190-290 mg potassium hydroxide/g. Preferred Components: The compound (a2) is aliphatic polyvalent isocyanate. The compound (a1) is preferably obtained from tetra(meth)acrylate of pentaerythritol which does not contain a hydroxyl group, tri(meth)acrylate of pentaerythritol which contains one hydroxyl group, or di(meth)acrylate of pentaerythritol which contains two hydroxyl groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The active energy ray hardening-type composition further contains a photoinitiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is ceramic substrate, silicon substrate, or metal oxide substrate, and contains silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, zinc oxide, zirconia, nickel oxide, hafnium oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, alpha -aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, lanthanum aluminate, titanium dioxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, or boron nitride. The single crystal metal film contains copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium, platinum, palladium, gold, silver, aluminum, chromium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, rhodium, silicon, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, iridium or zirconium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfur based gas is sulfide or hydrogen sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The gas barrier layer (I) and gas barrier layer (II) consists of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and/or magnesium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polishing agent is 10 %mass or more. The resin layer consists of silicone resins comprising curable silicone resin composition containing linear organopolysiloxane (a) having 2 or more alkenyl groups, and linear organopolysiloxane (b) having hydrogen atom bonded with the 3 or more silicon atoms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction liquid comprises organic compound which comprise metal salt which comprises organometallic complex with center metal and ligand, solvent, and microwave absorption property-improvement agent, and has dielectric constant of 2-85. The pure product contains iridium element and has facial body purity of 98% or more. Preferred Properties: The crude product has purity of 70% or more. The pure product has purity of 98% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The resin cured material layer has a thickness of 0.1 mu m or more. Preferred Composition: The resin cured material is a cured material of resin composition containing compound (a) having weight average molecular weight of 100000 or more and containing functional group, acrylic polymer (b) containing 2 or more (meth)acryloyl groups, and polymerization initiator, or compound (a') containing 2 or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, thermal polymerization initiator (b'), hindered phenol-type compound (c'), thioether-type compound (d'), and compound (e') containing thiol group. The acrylic polymer contains 5 %mass or less structural unit containing nitrogen atom-containing group. The compound (a') is preferably urethane-type compound containing (meth)acryloyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Nitrogen is used as foaming agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: PTFE is used as powder. The other resin is propylene-based resin of non-crosslinked linear type or lactic acid type resin of non-crosslinked linear type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silsesquioxane compound (A) is condensation reaction product of alkoxysilane compound including trialkoxysilane compound which contains radical polymerizable group in a molecule.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The radically polymerizable (meth)acrylate compound (B) is chosen from polybutylene glycoldi(meth)acrylate, polyisobutylene glycoldi(meth)acrylate, polypentylene glycoldi(meth)acrylate and polyhexylene glycoldi(meth)acrylate. The curable resin composition further comprises antioxidant (D).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Polyimide film contains greater than or equal to 31 mol.% p-phenylenediamine with respect to total amount of aromatic diamine component. Aromatic diamine component is 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether and/or 3,4'-diaminodiphenylether. Acid anhydride component is pyromellitic dianhydride and/or 3,3',4,4'-diphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first and second material include potassium oxide and sodium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is polymer substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): The compound (I) is obtained by dissolving diamine and dehydrating agent in dehydration solvent, adding trans-1,2,4-cyclohexane tricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride-4-chloride solution, stirring for 0.5-8 hours, reacting, filtering, washing and recrystallizing. EXAMPLE - 7.2 ml ( gamma )-Butyrolactone and 5.43 g trans-1,2,4-cyclohexane tricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride-4-chloride solution were added to 100 ml three-necked flask, solution comprising 2.27 g 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide dissolved in 8.1 ml ( gamma )-butyrolactone and 2.8 ml propylene oxide was dripped, stirred for at room temperature for 24 hours, filtered, resultant product was washed using toluene, dried at 130 degrees C and reduced pressure for 12 hours, to obtain 4.63 g (5R,7aR)-N-(4-((4-((3aS,5S)-1,3-dioxo-octahydro-2-benzofuran-5-amido)phenyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)-1,3-dioxo-octahydro-2-benzofuran-5-carboxamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method involves dissolving ferric chloride, thiourea and cadmium chloride powders in doubled distilled water to prepare transparent yellow colored spray solution and spraying the solution using compressed air as a carrier gas on hot aluminum substrates kept at 573 plus minus 5 K. The photoelectrochemical cell is fabricated using the aqueous solution of 1M polysulfide as a redox electrolyte and a graphite rod as a counter electrode and cadmium iron sulfide (I) thin film deposited on aluminum substrate as photo electrode and light of opposite intensity as a light source. Preferred Conditions: The deposition temperature for the process is approximately 573 K. The spray rate for the process is 6 ml/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The fatty acid aluminum is 10-30C fatty acid aluminum optionally substituted hydroxyl group, preferably aluminum stearate, aluminum palmitate, and/or aluminum montanate. The fluorescent substance is coumarin or coumarin derivative of formula (I). The content of aluminum compound is 10-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass fluorescent substance.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base resin is thermoplastic resin, preferably methacryl resin, low-density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, polypropylene resin, polycarbonate resin, and/or polyethylene terephthalate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is gallium arsenic, germanium or substrate carrier, preferably silicon with at least area-wise coating of gallium arsenic or germanium. A metamorphic buffer layer is provided between p-doped semiconductor layer and substrate. The semiconductor component is at least one barrier layer, chosen from aluminum gallium indium arsenide and/or having aluminum gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thermally conductive body comprises an aluminum material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heavy main group metal is bismuth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction is carried out 50-300 degrees C. The layer thickness ratio of organic emitter fluorescent and metal complex is 0.1-15. The ligand of the metal complex includes halide, fluorinated or non-fluorinated 1-30C alkyl or aryl carboxylate, alcoholate, thiolate, cyanate, isocyanate, thiocyanate, acetylacetonate and sulfonate. The metal complex comprises at least two different organic complex ligands. The metal complex includes bismuth(III) trifluoroacetate, bismuth(III) tris-3,5-difluorobenzoate, bismuth(III) tris-3,4,5-trifluorobenzoate, bismuth(III) tris-2,3,5,6-tertrafluorobenzoate, bismuth (III) tris-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoate, bismuth(III) tris-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl benzoate, bismuth(III) tris-3,5-trifluoromethylbenzoate, bismuth(III) pentafluorobenzoate und bismuth(III) 3,5-trifluormethylbenzoate. The metal complex is binuclear metal complex. The organic fluorescent emitter includes 4,7-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline, 2,6-bis(3-( 9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)pyridine and 3,5-bis(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)pyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aliphatic ether is 2-10C aliphatic ether. Preferred Process: Manufacture of polyvinyl dimethyl phosphonate further involves adjusting content of dimethyl phosphite in the monomer component to 0.01-5 %mass, and hydrolyzing obtained polyvinyl dimethyl phosphonate in presence of an acid. The molecular weight control method is performed at 0-50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solution comprises two alkyl ammonium halides, preferably alkyl ammonium chloride (C1), and alkyl ammonium iodide (C2). The alkyl group is at least one of methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, or butyl group. The metal halides contain halogen (H1) and (H2) chosen from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. The intermediate film comprises at least one of methyl ammonium metal iodide, and methyl ammonium metal chloride, or methyl ammonium metal dihalide containing iodide or chloride, and final film comprises methyl ammonium metal iodide. The metal halide comprises at least one of lead, tin, germanium, or any other metal with 2+ valence. The solar cell comprises electron-transport layer containing titanium oxide, and hole-transport layer containing 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N'-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). The components (C1) and (C2) are present in the solution in a molar ratio of 1:0.1-1:4. The metal halide and component (C2) are present in a molar ratio of 1:1. The metal halide and component (C1) are present in a molar ratio of 1:0.1-1:3. The component (C2) is present in solution (S2) of 0.1-100 mg/ml solvent. The alkyl ammonium halides, or metal halide are present in a molar ratio of 0.1-3.0. The halogen (H1) has lower molecular weight than halogen (H2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent comprises at least one of polar solvent, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, ( gamma )-butyrolactone, or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and solvent (S2) preferably chosen from isopropyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The shell of curing agent contains urea-bond in structure, and does not contain ester bond. The shell of curing agent comprises reaction product of isocyanate compound, active hydrogen compound, the curing agent, epoxy resin (e2) and/or low molecular amine compound (B). Preferred Property: The ratio of thickness of shell portion with respect to particle size (D50) of the curing agent is 100:1.5-100:18.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: In curing agent (c2), the total content of chlorine in curing agent, epoxy resin (e1) or epoxy resin (e2) is 2500 ppm or less. The total content of chlorine in epoxy resin (e3) is 2500 ppm or less. The content of diol end component in the epoxy resin (e3) is 0.001-30 %mass. The curing agent further contains acid anhydride, phenol, hydrazide, guanidine and/or cyclic boric-acid ester compound which is 2,2'-oxy-bis(5,5'-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane). The content of cyclic boric-acid ester compound in the curing agent composition is 0.001-10 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: In the visible and near-infrared absorption spectrum using cell having optical path length of 10 mm, the solid concentration is 0.0067-0.02 %mass. The linear inclination which ties the light absorbency of 800 nm and the light absorbency of 1200 nm is 1.30x 10-5/nm to 4.6x 10-4/nm, when proportionality conversion is carried out so that the light absorbency of 800 nm is 0.3. In the chromatograph obtained by the polyvinyl sulfonic acid using differential refractometer by steric exclusion chromatography, the peak which comes out before the elution time corresponded to the polyvinyl sulfonic acid with molecular weight of 4100 computed from the structure curve calculated using the polyethylene oxide, and the area ratio of the peak before elution time and the peak after the elution time is 98/2. Preferred Composition: The polyanion in the complex is polyvinyl sulfonic acid. The ( pi )-conjugated system conductive polymer is derivative of polythiophene, preferably poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The largest thickness of the organic-semiconductor microparticles is 10 nm or less. The internal diameter of the mixing portion which mixes the solution of the organic semiconductor, and the poor solvent of the organic semiconductor using the micromixer is 2 mm or less. Preferred Process: Manufacture of organic-semiconductor microparticles involves mixing continuously the solution of the organic semiconductor and the poor solvent of the organic semiconductor by flow system. Preferred Composition: The dispersion medium comprises tetrahydrofuran and water. Water is used as poor solvent and tetrahydrofuran is used as solution of the organic semiconductor. The organic-semiconductor microparticles contain compound chosen from triarylamine-type compound, condensation polycyclic-type hydrocarbon and condensed heterocyclic ring-type compound, and N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-bisphenyl benzidine, N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-bisphenyl benzidine, 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl, perylene and tetracene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heterocyclic compound is compound containing 2-4 imidazole skeletons in molecular structure. The metal complex comprises ligand capable of coordination bond of more than tridentate, and metal atom in which ligand is coordinated. The metal complex contains pyrrole skeleton and/or pyridine skeleton.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction time is 15-30 minutes. The 1,2,3-selenadiazole product is synthesized from semicarbazones prepared from cyclic aliphatic ketones comprising cyclooctanone, cycloheptanone, cyclohexanone, or cyclopentanone. The 1,2,3-selenadiazole product is synthesized from semicarbazones prepared from acetophenones comprising acetophenone, 4-amino-acetophenone, 4-nitro-acetophenone or 4-hydroxy-acetophenone. The 1,2,3-selenadiazole product is synthesized from semicarbazones prepared from open chain ketones comprising 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, methylisopropyl ketone, or methylisobutyl ketone. The 1,2,3-selenadiazole product is synthesized from semicarbazones prepared from aromatic ketones comprising valerophenone or propiophenone. EXAMPLE - 4 g Cycloheptanone semicarbazone (2-cyclo-heptylidenehydrazinecarboxamide) and 2.7 g selenium dioxide were mixed. The resulting mixture was grinded in a mortar pestle at a room temperature for 15-30 minutes thus forming crude products. Then the crude product was dissolved in toluene followed by filtration for obtaining a filtrate. Finally, the filtrate was dried over a rotary vacuum evaporator for obtaining cyclohepteno-1,2,3-selenadiazole. The obtained product cyclohepteno-1,2,3-selenadiazole is purified by a column chromatography using petroleum ether and toluene for obtaining a purified cyclohepteno-1,2,3-selenadiazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Heterocyclic compound is an imidazole compound. Substrate has seed layer which consists of material same as conductive layer in greater than or equal to 1 part of the surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The distance between at least one metal atom and the ligands are greater than or equal to 2.2 Angstrom and less than or equal to 3 Angstrom . The Lf and Lf' comprises 4,7-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline, 2,6-bis(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)pyridine, and 3,5-bis(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)pyridine. The emitter is emitter of formula (II).R1, R2 = 1-30C alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl;E1, E2, E3, E4 = O, S, NR; andR = H, or deuterium.The ligands Lv, Lv', Lt, and Lt' comprises 2-30 carbon acetate, fluoroacetate, fluorobenzoate, fluoromethylbenzoate, fluoromethylfluorobenzoate, di-fluoromethyl-benzoate, di-fluoromethyl-flurobenzoate. The layer is used as active layer in an organic electric component for converting electric current into light or light into electric current or light into light of another wavelength. Preferred Definitions:    M1, M2 = Bi; and    m, n = 2.    EXAMPLE - In a Schlenk tube, 24.8 g bismuth (III) pentafluorobenzoate and 15 mg BUPH1 were dissolved in 10 ml dichloromethane. The solution was stirred for 30 minutes. Crystals suitable for x-ray structure analysis were obtained from dichloromethane/hexane at -18 degrees C. The crystals obtained display, upon irradiation with UV light, a strong yellow-green phosphorescence.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises (i) adding metal-containing compounds and fullerene C70 in solvent to obtain mixture, and (ii) heating the mixture, and reacting. Preferred Method: The heating reaction is carried out at 60-120 degrees C. Preferred Components: The solvent is methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, trichlorobenzene, nitrobenzene and/or benzene. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, which are C70-nonacarbonyl triosmium complex compound (Os3(CO)9( mu 3- eta 2: eta 2: eta 2-C70)) of formula (Ia), C70-hydrido-nonacarbonyl trirhenium complex compound of formula (Re3( mu -H)3(CO)9( mu 3- eta 2: eta 2: eta 2-C70)) (Ib) and C70-hydrido-benzyl isocyanide-octacarbonyl trirhenium complex compound of formula (Re3( mu -H)3(CO)8(CNCH2C6H5)( mu 3- eta 2: eta 2: eta 2-C70)) (Ic).    EXAMPLE - 65 mg Triosmium dodecacarbonyl was dissolved in 50/4ml dichloromethane/acetonitrile to obtain solution. Then 12 mg trimethylamine N-oxide anhydride was dissolved in 3 ml acetonitrile, added into the solution in dropwise manner, and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain mixture. The solvent was removed from the mixture in vacuum, and re-dissolved in 5 ml chlorobenzene. Then 239 mg fullerene C70 was dissolved in 50 ml chlorobenzene and added into the resultant in dropwise manner and then reacted at 80 degrees C for 30 minutes to obtain solution. The solution was concentrated to 10 ml in vacuum, refluxed for 90 minutes, and purified by column chromatography to obtain 11 mg C70-nonacarbonyl triosmium complex compound (Ia) with 11% yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The hydroxyl-containing polyether (I1) is alternately synthesized in presence of a portion or whole of the plasticizer (Z1). Preferred Component: The plasticizer (Z1) has hydroxyl value of 2 or less, and weight average molecular weight of lesser than that of the polyether (I1), and is cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid ester, phthalic ester, epoxy-type plasticizer, polyester plasticizer, polyether-based plasticizer, polyvinyl polymer, 8-18C aliphatic hydrocarbon compound and/or 10-30C chlorinated paraffin. The amount of plasticizer (Z1) used is 10-300 %mass with respect to total content of hydroxyl-containing polyether (I1) and plasticizer (Z1). Preferably, the plasticizer (Z1) is a polyoxyalkylene compound (Z') which has polyoxyalkylene chain derived from alkylene oxide, and 1-8C alkoxy group and/or 2-8C acyloxy groups as terminal groups at the terminal of the polyoxyalkylene chain. The polyoxyalkylene compound is a polyoxyalkylene compound of molecular weight of 100-2000 per terminal group obtained by converting the hydroxyl group of a hydroxyl-containing polyoxyalkylene compound (z1) into an alkoxy group. The hydroxyl-containing polyoxyalkylene compound (z1) has polyoxyalkylene chain derived from 2-4C alkylene oxide, and has 1-3 hydroxyl groups. All the terminal groups of polyoxyalkylene compound (Z') are methoxy groups, and alkylene oxide in the polyoxyalkylene compound (Z') is propylene oxide and/or ethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The oxetane compound has hydroxyl group(s) in a molecule. The composition further comprises an isocyanuric acid derivative having oxirane ring(s) in a molecule, a curing catalyst, a curing agent, and a hardening accelerator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymerization process is carried out in presence of chain transfer agent chosen from alcohol, hydrocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon, ketone, mercaptan, ester and ether. The slurry obtained by polymerizing monomer components is mixed with water, chain transfer agent is dissolved in water and fluoropolymer and polymerization medium are collected. Preferred Composition: The content of fluorine-containing compound in the polymerization medium is 50 vol.% or more. Preferred Property: The solubility at 25 degrees C of the polar functional group-containing monomer with respect to the polymerization medium is 1 %mass or more. The usage amount of polar functional group-containing monomer is 1.3-5 %mass. The polar functional group in the polar functional group-containing monomer is chosen from hydroxyl group, carboxy group, epoxy group and acid anhydride residue, preferably acid anhydride residue. The fluorine-containing monomer is tetrafluoroethylene. The monomer component further includes ethylene. Preferred Composition: The content of structural unit based on fluorine-containing monomer and polar functional group-containing monomer is 0.01-5 mol.% with respect to total content of structural units.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The atomic ratio of platinum and nickel is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 or 3:1. The catalyst has platinum content of 30 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The organic light-emitting element emits delayed fluorescence.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The light-emitting layer comprises compound (I) as guest material and/or host material. Preferred Definitions:    donor group=group chosen from groups of formulae (iii)-(vii).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 159 Dioxa-6,12-diazatricyclo derivatives are disclosed e.g. 10-(4-(11-(4-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)phenyl)-4,10-dioxa-6,12-diazatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1(9),2,5,7,11-pentaen-5-yl)phenyl)-10H-phenoxazine of formula (IA), 5,11-bis(4-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)phenyl)-4,10-dioxa-6,12-diazatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaene, 10-(4-(11-(4-(9-oxo-9,10-dihydroacridin-10-yl)phenyl)-4,10-dioxa-6,12-diazatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1(9),2,5,7,11-pentaen-5-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dihydroacridin-9-one, 10-(4-(11-(4-(9-oxo-9,10-dihydroacridin-10-yl)phenyl)-4,10-dioxa-6,12-diazatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1(9),2,5,7,11-pentaen-5-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dihydroacridin-9-one and 5,11-bis(4-(10-phenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazin-5-yl)phenyl)-4,10-dioxa-6,12-diazatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaene.    EXAMPLE - 0.62 mmol 5,11-bis(4-bromophenyl)-4,10-dioxa-6,12-diazatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaene, 1.27 mmol phenoxazine, 0.01 mmol palladium acetate, 0.03 mmol tri-tert-butylphosphine, 1.85 mmol sodium t-butoxide and 14 ml toluene were added to 50 ml flask, resultant mixture was stirred at 110 degrees C, cooled, resultant mixture was filtered, solid residue was washed using toluene, ethanol, water and methanol, and dried in vacuum, to obtain 10-(4-(11-(4-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)phenyl)-4,10-dioxa-6,12-diazatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1(9),2,5,7,11-pentaen-5-yl)phenyl)-10H-phenoxazine with yield of 37.4%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): An amino group-containing compound of formula: A1-NHNH2 and carbonyl group-containing compound of formula (III) are reacted to produce pyrazoline compound. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 31 Pyrazoline compounds e.g. 4-(5-(2,2'-bithien-5-yl)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)benzoic acid of formula (Ia), 4-(5-(5-(2-ethylhexyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1-(4-phenylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)benzoic acid, (2Z)-3-(5-(3-(5-((1Z)-2-carboxy-2-cyanoeth-1-en-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoprop-2-enoic acid, (2Z)-2-cyano-3-(5-(1-(4-(diethylamino)-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-(4-(propan-2-yl)phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)furan-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid and (2E)-2-cyano-3-(5-(5-(5-(5-(1,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-pentylthiophen-2-yl)-3-pentylthiophen-2-yl)-3-pentylthiophen-2-yl)-3-pentylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid are disclosed.    EXAMPLE - 14.7 g 4-(Benzoxazole 2-yl)phenylhydrazine, 24.2 g dibenzal acetone-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and 100 g glacial acetic acid were mixed and refluxed for 4 hours. The mixture was cooled, and precipitate was separated by filtration and washed to produce 6.8 g 1-(4-(benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl)-3-(4-carbostyril)-5-(4-carbophenyl)-2-pyrazoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The graphene layers contains 2-10, preferably 2-3 layers. Preferred Component: Graphene oxide or several graphene oxide layers used in the preparation of several graphene layers, is reduced by hydrazine hydrate in water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent used in production of nanocomposite is chosen from polar and non-polar solvents, preferably water, tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, toluene and dichloromethane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Poly 9,9'-dioctyl fluorine-alt-bithiophene is mixed with several graphene layers in a weight ratio of 200:1-10:1, preferably 120:1-90:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The mask layer is a hexagonal-boron nitride layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The device provides component that includes gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precursor solution is a polar solvent, the solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide, gamma - butyrolactone ester, and dimethylacetamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive oxide layer is indium-tin oxide layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The iron precursor is iron chloride (FeCl2.4H2O and FeCl3.6H2O) or iron sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The graphene nanosheet is spin-coated 1-3 times on silicon or sapphire substrate at the bottom at a speed of 1000-6000 revolutions per minute. The graphene nano-sheets spin-coated are transferred into chemical vapor deposition horizontal tube furnace. The chemical vapor deposition growth method is carried out with non-hierarchical zinc oxide by controlling the process parameters and tubular furnace atmosphere, oxygen gas flow, argon gas flow, growth temperature and growth time. The graphene substrate is placed within 1-3cm diameter quartz tube. Preferred Composition: The diameter of the graphene nanosheet is 5-100 mu m, thickness is 0.5-2nm and concentration is 0.1-1 mg/ml. The oxygen flow rate is 40-200 standard cubic centimeters per minute, argon gas flow rate is 40-200 standard cubic centimeters per minute, growth temperature is 600-800 degrees C and growth time is 30-120 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solder comprises 63 wt.% tin, 0.5 wt.% bismuth, 0.05 wt.% antimony, 0.015 wt.% gallium, 0.1 wt.% indium, 0.01 wt.% germanium, 0.01 wt.% titanium, 0.05 wt.% nickel, 0.005 wt.% palladium, 0.015 wt.% phosphorus, 0.5 wt.% silver and balanced amount of lead.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sodium-sulfur dioxide secondary battery has inorganic material as cathode, porous carbon material as anode, and sulfur dioxide-based inorganic electrolyte containing sodium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes first reducing agent such as ethylene glycol. The solvent is water, alcohols, esters, carboxylic acids and/or ketones. The binder is an ion exchange resin, Teflon (RTM: PTFE) or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous carrier is silica. The metal particles are platinum particles. The metal particles are preferably adhered to pores at a depth of 50 mu m or less from the surface of porous carrier. Preferred Property: The mean pore diameter of pores is preferably 30-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrogenation aromatic compound is methylcyclohexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Properties: The alloy contains 55-75 atomic% palladium aluminum, 1-10 atomic% palladium, and 1-5 atomic% element X. The atomic ratio of aluminum and copper is 1.5-3.5:1. The nanoporous size of palladium based alloy is 3-10 nm, and the concentration of nitric acid solution used in the manufacturing process is 0.5-5 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The steam conversion catalyst is M/aluminum oxide, where M is platimun, lead, rhodium, silver and ruthenium an active component, and aluminum oxide is used as a carrier, and the amount of active component 0.5-2 wt.%. The carbon monoxide converting catalyst comprises 5-10 wt.% chromium(III) oxide, 5-10 wt.% cobalt(II,III) oxide and ferric oxide (remaining). The liquefied natural gas has total sulfur content of less than greater than or equal to 0.1 parts/million, and the film separation and purifying temperature is 300-500 degrees C. The water supply device utilizes deionized water and/or hydrogen fuel cell, and discharging water, and air bottle has high pressure under working temperature of 162 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reaction pipe is aluminum pipe, having inner side diameter of 6-8 mm, and outer side diameter of 10-12. The carbon monoxide conversion device is a fixed bed reactor which is filled with carbon monoxide conversion catalyst. The film separation and purifying hydrogen device are set with one grade or multistage separation film. The separating film is as alumina tube used as a substrate metal palladium composite film. The cooling device comprises a heat exchanger. The main body of the hydrogen fuel cell is proton film fuel cell or proton membrane of fuel battery and energy storage battery composed of the mixed battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, the total sulfur content of natural gas hydrate is less than or equal to 0.1 ppm, and the temperature of the membrane separation and purification is 300-500 degrees C. Preferred Components: The carbon monoxide conversion catalyst comprises 5-10 wt.% chromium(III) oxide, 5-10 wt.% cobalt(II,III) oxide, and the rest of iron oxide. The steam reforming catalyst is metal-alumina of formula (M/Al2O3) (I), where alumina is a carrier, and the metal content is 0.5-2 wt.%.M = Pt, Pd, Rh Ag and/or Ru.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reactor tube is alumina tube, having an inner diameter of 6-8 mm and an outer diameter of 10-12 mm. The carbon monoxide conversion device is a fixed bed reactor, where the fixed bed reactor is filled with the carbon monoxide conversion catalyst. The device for membrane separation and purification of hydrogen is provided with a multistage separation membrane, where the separation membrane is a metal palladium composite membrane of an alumina tube substrate. The cooling device comprises a heat exchanger. The main body of the hydrogen fuel cell is a proton membrane fuel cell or is made from a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and is a mixed cell of energy storage cells. The natural gas hydrate supply device is provided with natural gas hydrate storage tanks, operating at a pressure of 0-6 MPa. The system further comprises deionized water storage tank and heat exchanger, where the inlet of the deionized water storage tank is connected with the cooling device, and the outlets of the deionized water storage tank are connected with the hydrogen fuel cells and heat exchanger, respectively, and the heat exchanger and the steam pipeline of natural gas hydrate supply device are connected.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coating film is made of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and tantalum pentoxide. The window is made of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zinc selenide and titanium bromide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The Polycarboxylic acid is chosen from polyacrylic acid, a polymethacrylic acid, polyvinyl benzoic acid, polyallyl benzoic acid, poly methallyl benzoic acid, polymaleic acid, a poly fumaric acid, poly glutamic acid, poly(aspartic acid), alginic acid, or carboxyl methylcellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The lattice mismatch at the heterointerface is 5.7% or less. The bandgap of the cadmium-selenium-telluride-containing absorber layer is 1.45-1.52 eV.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The dried precipitate has tetragonal kesterite structure with specific surface area of 70-75 m2/g and comprises 10-50 nm of primary particles in the agglomerated particles of CZTS compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The function film is made of material consisting of 56-75 wt.% of silicon dioxide, 1-20 wt.% of aluminum oxide, 0-14 wt.% of magnesium oxide, 0-5 wt.% of zirconium dioxide, and 0-10 wt.% of calcium oxide, 8-22 wt.% of sodium oxide, and 0-10 wt.% potassium oxide. The coating liquid consists of silica precursor chosen from a group which consists of silane compound which has hydrolysis group bonded with the silicon atom, and hydrolysis-condensation product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of the filler is preferably 0.5-3.5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The functional layer is a gas barrier layer. The cured resin is ultraviolet cured resin. The fillers are crosslinking acrylic resin particles. The content of polymer with respect to filler is 20-70 %mass. The content of polymer with respect to cured resin is 0.5-2 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The deposition is performed by chemical vapor deposition, and comprises at least one cycle comprising the steps of: (i) introducing (II) into the deposition zone where the substrate is located; and (ii) introducing the gas mixture of monosilane, hydrogen and the doping source into the deposition zone. The steps are performed simultaneously or sequentially. The temperature maintained in the deposition zone is comprised of 150-250 degrees C and the pressure maintained in the deposition zone is comprised of 133-333 Pa. The gas mixture introduced at the step (ii) comprised, for 100 vol.%, 0.2-1% of monosilane. (II) is added to the gas mixture at a concentration of 10-100 vol.% of the monosilane. Preferred Components: The silicon oxide layer is a p-type layer and the doping source comprises at least one atom of boron, preferably diborane, or the silicon oxide layer is a n-type layer and the doping source comprises at least one atom of phosphorus, preferably phosphine. (II) is hexamethyldisiloxane or tetramethyldisiloxane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Silicon oxide layer is a p-type layer, and doping source contains greater than or equal to 1 atom of boron. Silicon oxide layer is a p-type layer, and doping source is diborane. Silicon oxide layer is an n-type layer, and doping source contains greater than or equal to 1 atom of phosphorus. Silicon oxide layer is an n-type layer, and doping source is phosphine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Deposition is performed by chemical vapor deposition and includes greater than or equal to 1 cycle of introducing silicon precursor into deposition zone where substrate is located and introducing gas mixture of monosilane, hydrogen, and doping source into deposition zone. The steps are performed simultaneously or sequentially. Preferred Compositions: Silicon precursor is hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) or tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO). Gas mixture introduced at 2nd step contains 0.2-1 vol.% monosilane. Preferred Conditions: Temperature maintained in deposition zone is 150-250 degrees C, and pressure maintained in deposition zone is 133-333 Pa. Silicon precursor is added to gas mixture in an amount of 10-100 vol.% of the monosilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: 1-2 vol.% of TMDSO is added to the gas mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: the alkali collection material particles include 1-80 %mass alumina particles. The alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal are sodium and/or potassium. The total content of sodium and potassium is 0.01-0.8 %mass by oxide conversion. Preferred Property: The porous component has a volume density of 0.5-0.9 g/cm3 and a maximum stress of 3 MPa or more at a compression rate of 0-5%, and contains particles having a diameter of 5-50 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dielectric glass composition further comprises one or more metal or metalloid oxides selected from bismuth oxide, boron oxide, vanadium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, barium oxide, antimony oxide, zinc oxide, manganese oxide, tellurium oxide, and copper oxide. Also, the dielectric glass composition has at least 30 wt.% silicon dioxide, preferably at least 40 wt.%, based upon 100% total weight of the glass composition, and has not more than 20 wt.% of one or more alkali metal oxides selected from sodium oxide, potassium oxide, lithium oxide, and any combination of any of the foregoing, based upon 100% total weight of the glass composition. In the dielectric paste composition, the dielectric glass composition is at least 50 wt.% of the paste composition, preferably 70 wt.%, based upon 100% total weight of the dielectric paste composition. The dielectric paste composition further comprises titania, ceramic pigments, transition metal oxides, or combinations, present in an amount of at least 1 wt.% of the paste composition, preferably 15 wt.%, based upon 100% total weight of the dielectric paste composition. The organic vehicle is at least 10 wt.% of the paste composition, preferably not more than 30 wt.%, based upon 100% total weight of the dielectric paste composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - An encapsulant is formed of thermoplastic polymer. The thermoplastic polymer is formed of thermoplastic olefin polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is platinum/cerium dioxide alpha lumina (Pt/CeO2 alpha Al2O3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (iii): stirring temperature is 80 degrees C and time is 18 hours; covalently binding phosphoric acid to functional carbon nanotubes to obtain phosphoric acid functional carbon nanotubes. The concentration of platinum catalyst precursor is 0.00965-0.0386 mol/l, preferably 0.0193 mol/l. The platinum accounts for 20-40% of total weight of catalyst in catalyst solution. Preferred Components: In step (iv) precursor of platinum catalyst is chloroplatinic acid, chloroplatinic sodium and/or potassium hexachloroplatinate. In step (v) The reducing agent is sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layered silicate is chosen from saponite, stevensite, heraculite, vermiculite, montmorillonite, iron montmorillonite, mica, beidellite, ilerite, kanemite, magadiite and nontronite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fibrous compound is chosen from cellulose natural fiber, protein-type natural fiber and chemical fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The inorganic oxide is silica. The composition further contains inorganic oxide having photocatalytic activity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition further contains a fluorocarbon surfactant and a color fading pigment. The base material is organic base material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aqueous dispersion of polymer is obtained by polymerizing a vinyl monomer and a hydrolyzable silicon compound in the presence of water and an emulsifier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The unsaturated ethylene monomer (a2) is 9-14C (meth)acrylic-acid alkylester having alkyl group. The weight ratio of component (a1) and component (a2) is 40/60-95/5. The copolymerization component (a) contains functional group-containing unsaturated ethylene monomer (a3). The total content of component (a1) and component (a2) is 50-99.9 wt.% with respect to total content of copolymerization component (a).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive composition contains crosslinking agent (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive region comprises a metal selected from a group containing copper, tin, tungsten, titanium, titanium tungsten, silver, gold, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, platinum, aluminum, and aluminum alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas barrier layer contains aluminum atom, silicon atom, oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, and carbon atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The molecular weight of the organic compound is 200-30000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The amount of zirconium and/or titanium in the copper alloy plate material is 0.01-0.2 %mass. The amount of zinc, iron, tin, silver, silicon and/or nickel in the copper alloy plate material 0.01-0.5 %mass. The copper alloy plate material has electrical conductivity of 60 %IACS or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Electrically conductive film has transmittance of greater than or equal to 80% at a thickness of less than or equal to 50 nm for light having a wavelength of 550 nm. Electrically conductive film has electrical conductivity of greater than or equal to 4300 Siemens per centimeter. Electrically conductive film has electrical conductivity after bending 180 degrees around a rod having a diameter of 10 mm which is 80-100% of an electrical conductivity before bending. Product of absorption coefficient for light having a wavelength of 550 nm and resistivity value is less than or equal to 30 Omega per square. Electrically conductive film has thickness of less than or equal to 50 nm. Preferred Components: Metal compound of is palladium telluride (PdTe2), platinum telluride (PtTe2), gold telluride (AuTe2), silver telluride (AgTe2), and/or iridium telluride (IrTe2). Electrically conductive film does not contain an oxide layer on its surface. The compound is monocrystalline. Electrically conductive film contains nanosheets which consist of the metal compound in which nanosheets contact one another to provide an electrical connection. Electrically conductive film is in the form of a continuous film including the metal compound. Preferred Definitions:    Ch=Te.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The electroconductive thin film with thickness of 100 nm or less has transmittance of 80% or more with respect to light of a wavelength of 550 nm. The electroconductivity of thin film is 3000 S/cm or more. The product of absorption coefficient with respect to light of a wavelength of 550 nm at 25 degrees C and resistivity value is 30 Omega /square or more. The electroconductive thin film has higher electroconductivity in in-plane direction than in an out-of-plane direction. The layered crystal structure belongs to an orthorhombic system with a Cmcm(63) space group, an orthorhombic system with a C2cm(40) space group, or a tetragonal system with a P42/n(86) space group. Preferred Composition: The electroconductive thin film comprises a monocrystal, nanosheets that contact one another to provide an electrical connection, or continuous deposition film including the compound (I). The compound is a tritelluride compound, preferably yttrium telluride, lanthanum telluride, cerium telluride, praseodymium telluride, neodymium telluride, samarium telluride, gadolinium telluride, terbium telluride, dysprosium telluride, holmium telluride and/or erbium telluride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The melting point of component (B) is 40 degrees C or more. Preferred Composition: The component (B) is powder which does not adhere to the surface at all. The component (B) is aliphatic polyamine compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The component (a-1) is polyisoprene polyol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mist-forming solution further comprises ammonia and ( beta )-diketone compound.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 130 Aromatic amine compounds are specifically claimed e.g. biphenyl-4-yl-dibenzothiophen-3-yl-(4-(7-phenyl-7H-7-aza-benzo(de)anthracen-10-yl)-phenyl)-amine of formula (Ia), dibenzofuran-3-yl-phenyl-(4-(7-phenyl-7H-7-aza-benzo(de)anthracen-10-yl)-phenyl)-amine, biphenyl-3-yl-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-(4-(7-phenyl-7H-7-aza-benzo(de)anthracen-10-yl)-phenyl)-amine, biphenyl-4-yl-naphthalen-1-yl-(4-(7-phenyl-7H-7-aza-benzo(de)anthracen-10-yl)-phenyl)-amine and biphenyl-4-yl-(4-(7-naphthalen-1-yl -7H-7-aza-benzo(de)anthracen-10-yl)-phenyl)-phenyl-amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ammonium salt is ammonium bicarbonate. The borohydride compound is sodium borohydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The molar ratio of ammonium salt and borohydride compound is 1:0.75.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first sacrificial layer is the material of aluminum gallium arsenide (AlxGa(1-x)As). The second sacrificial layer is the material of AlyGa(1-y)As. The third sacrificial layer is the material of AlzGa(1-z)As.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sodium ion blocking layer is made of silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, titanium nitride, titanium oxide, nitrogen dioxide, zirconium oxide, zirconium dioxide, zirconium nitride, aluminum nitride, alumina, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon aluminum oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, and one of elements such as zirconium, titanium and molybdenum. The sodium ion barrier layer is made of silicon nitride. The controllable sodium source layer is formed of sodium fluoride, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium bisulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In the titanium and/or zirconium coordinating group, the titanium atom and/or zirconium atom is coordinated with an oxygen atom. The titanium and/or zirconium coordinating group has structure chosen from 1,2-diketone structure, 1,3-diketone structure, 1,4-diketone structure, ( alpha )-hydroxyketone structure, ( alpha )-hydroxy ester structure, ( alpha )-ketoester structure, ( beta )-ketoester structure, malonic diester structure, fumaric-acid diester structure and phthalic-acid diester structure. The component (C) contains photoinitiator and oxime ester compound. Preferred Process: The titanoxane-zirconoxane condensate is obtained by hydrolytically-condensing titanium compound and/or zirconium compound having alkoxy group with 0.5-1.9 moles of water. Preferred Property: The hardened material and cured film has refractive index of 1.6-1.8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cyclic polyether is tetrahydrofuran. The glycidyl ester is glycidyl methacrylate. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of glycidyl ester with respect to boron trifluoride etherate is 0.5-100.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 104 Fluorene derivatives are specifically claimed e.g. 4-(8-oxatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2,4,6,10,12-hexaen-6-yl)-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-phenylphenyl)aniline of formula (A), N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-phenylphenyl)-4-(8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2,4,6,10,12-hexaen-6-yl)aniline, N-(4-(8-oxatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2,4,6,10,12-hexaen-6-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl)phenanthren-9-amine, N-(4-(8-oxatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2,4,6,10,12-hexaen-6-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl)triphenylen-2-amine and 4-(8-oxatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2,4,6,10,12-hexaen-6-yl)-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-(4-phenylphenyl)phenyl)aniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The organic electronic device has gate electrode, gate insulating layer, organic semiconductor layer, source electrode, and drain electrode on a substrate, anode, light-emitting layer, positive hole-transport layer and/or electron-carrying layer as organic layers, and cathode on the substrate, or electrode, positive hole-transport layer and/or electron-carrying layer, and photoelectric-converting layer on the substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The tetracene derivative is synthesized by carrying out a coupling reaction of four heterocyclic groups in heterocyclic compound containing trialkyl stannyl group using 5,6,11,12-tetrachlorotetracene as a reaction reagent. Preferred Component: The tetracene derivative is soluble in water or an organic solvent. EXAMPLE - 0.363 g Tetrachlorotetracene, 0.092 g tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium(0), and 1.67 g cesium fluoride were added to a reaction container. 0.061 g tri-tert-butylphosphine and 3 mL 1,4-Dioxane were added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was stirred. 1.87 g 2-Tributyl stannyl thiophene was added to the reaction solution and the reaction solution was heated at 100 degrees C and stirred for 48 hours. The solvent was distilled off after cooling to room temperature. The resultant mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was recrystallized using dichloromethane/methanol and purified by silica gel column chromatography, to obtain 5,6,11,12-tetra-(thiophen-2-yl)tetracene as red solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The sodium acetate is utilized by using sodium acetate salt solution, immersing filters in the resulting solution, filter membrane as an electrolyte, and the catalyst layer constituting the membrane electrode assembly together, form a single cell test.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode material further comprises cerium-metal-oxide component (Ce1-wMwO2), where the M is gadolinium or samarium, and w is 0-0.2. The method utilizes an electrolyte comprising yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia or scandium oxide and cerium oxide stabilized zirconia, and a current collector comprising lanthanum-strontium-cobalt-oxide (La(0.6)Sr(0.4)CoO3), samarium-strontium-cobalt-oxide (Sm(0.5)Sr(0.5)CoO3), samarium-barium-strontium-cobalt-oxide (SmBa(0.5)Sr(0.5)Co2O5), lanthanum-nickel-iron-oxide (La(0.98)Ni(0.6)Fe(0.4)O3) or lanthanum-strontium-cobalt-iron-oxide (La(0.6)Sr(0.4)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heating temperature is less than thermal decomposition temperature of the carbon precursor, and greater than melting point of the carbon precursor. The heating process is carried out using 40-250 pts. wt. catalyst containing toluene sulfonic acid or naphthalene sulfonic acid. The step (a) is carried out by mixing 50-120 pts. wt. silica template with 100 pts. wt. carbon precursor. Preferred Components: The silica template is ordered mesoporous silica. The carbon precursor has pyrolysis temperature greater than melting point and less than boiling point. The carbon precursor is phenanthrene, phenanthroline, toluenesulfonic acid, pyrene, naphthalenesulfonic acid, and/or quinoxaline. The solvent is distilled water, acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, butanol, dimethylacetamide, di-methyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, tetra-acetate, n-butyl acetate, m-cresol, toluene, lactone glycol, gamma -butyrolactone and/or hexafluoroisopropanol. EXAMPLE - 5.580 g P-toluene sulfonic acid and 3 g silica template (KIT-6) were heated at 160 degrees C for 6 hours to produce carbon precursor-silica composite. The composite was carbonized at 900 degrees C for 3 hours under nitrogen gas. The carbonized composite was stirred with 200 ml hydrofluoric acid solution for 30 minutes to remove 20 wt.% silica. The resultant was with distilled water, and dried at 80 degrees C to obtain the ordered mesoporous carbon structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The domestic sewage is added with 0.5g/L of sodium chloride, 0.05g/L of magnesium chloride and 0.015g/L of calcium chloride and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The domestic sewage is comprised with less than 30 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen. A carbon brush is made of titanium silk and carbon fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The single-stranded DNA has concentration of 4-7 mg/10 ml. The ratio of single-stranded DNA and graphene oxide is 4-7 mg:5-10 mmol. Preferred Method: The pyrolysis is carried out at 90-100 degrees C for 2 hours. The electrochemical deposition is done at - 0.2 V depositing potential and 1x 10-2 coulomb deposition electricity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nano inorganic filler is chosen from silica, titania, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, barium titanate, talc, aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate, and has average diameter of 20 nm to 1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is cationic surfactant, anionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant or nonionic surfactant. The anionic surfactant is chosen from monoalkyl sulfate, alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfate, alkyl benzene sulfate, monoalkyl phosphate and sodium fatty acid. The cationic surfactant is chosen from monoalkyl trimethyl ammonium salt, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salt and alkyl benzylmethyl ammonium salt. The amphoteric surfactant is chosen from alkyl sulfobetaine or alkylcarboxy betaine. The nonionic surfactant is chosen from polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, fatty acid sorbitan ester, fatty acid diethanolamine and alkyl monoglyceryl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material includes 5-50 wt.% high-density polyethylene having dispersion degree of 3-6 and average molecular weight of 100-200, 5-70 wt.% ultrahigh-molecular weight polyethylene having dispersion degree of 3-5 and average molecular weight of 30-50, and 5-20 wt.% polypropylene having dispersion degree of 3-6 and average molecular weight of 10-20, and further includes plasticizer. The separator film surface is coated with an organic surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heating is carried out at 20-120 degrees C. The method further comprises supporting the platinum nanoparticles on a support. Preferred Components: The platinum cation-containing precursor is sodium tetrachloroplatinate(II) or potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II). The support is carbon black, carbon nanotubes, cerium oxide or titanium dioxide. The support is dispersed in a solvent by ultrasonic wave. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The barrier layer is made from material selected from a group consisting of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide and silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoate, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoate, 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate, 4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate or 2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Change rate of Si-C bond before and after a 300-hour preservation is 5-10 % at 85 degrees C and 85% RH environment. Gas barrier layer has critical load of greater than or equal to 2 mu N, measured based on ASTMD7187 05. Preferred Process: Gas barrier layer is formed by discharge plasma chemical vapor deposition method which has discharge space between rollers which applies magnetic field using oxygen gas and argon gas containing organosilicon compound as source gas in which flow ratio of argon gas and organosilicon compound is 0.1:1-2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Polyamic-acid solution is obtained from polyamic-acid solution obtained by reaction of aromatic tetracarboxylic acids and aromatic diamine which have benzoxazole structure, preferably reaction of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and aromatic diamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The component (C) is polar group-modified styrene-ethylene/butylenes-styrene copolymer. The styrene content in the component (C) is 5-20 wt.%. The component (B) has melting point of 230-240 degrees C. The component (A) is polyethylene terephthalate. Preferred Process: The polyester sheet is obtained by carrying out stretching process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate is made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is made of silicon. The substrate is made of gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, lithium aluminum dioxide and lithium gallium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate is made of germanium and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is polycrystalline substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The separating layer is made of oxide, nitride and oxinitride. The separating layer is made of oxinitride indium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first metallic contact layer is made of aluminum. The second metallic contact layer is made of gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent oxide of the layers is selected from a group consisting of indium titanium oxide, indium oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide, boron- zinc oxide, gallium-zinc oxide, fluorine-tin dioxide, indium tungsten oxide and indium cerium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The protein in the complex is bonded by surfactant, electrostatic interaction, or covalent bond. The surfactant is anionic surfactant or cationic surfactant. The hydrophilic part of the surfactant is chosen from polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polyvinyl alcohol. The protein aggregate exhibits at least 1 scattering peak confirmed by structure analysis by small angle X-ray scattering. The protein aggregate is liquid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The dilution of bio-polyol in industrial grade solvents using palm-based polyol and mixing palm-based polyol solution with diisocyanate under nitrogen gas atmosphere, where the weight ratio of palm-based polyol to diisocyanate is 0.75:1-2:1. The diluting of bio-polyol is performed by dissolving bio-polyol in industrial grade solvents comprising 15-35 wt/wt.% tetrahydrofuran, 3-35 wt/wt.% acetone and 8-15 wt/wt.% dimethyl sulfoxide. The step of mixing of diisocyanate is performed by mixing diisocyanate comprising 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The step of adding of chain extender is performed by adding glycol comprising monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol having molecular weight of 200-20000. The agitating of mixture is conducted at 200 rpm for an hour. The curing of film is carried out in vacuum oven at 35-55 degrees C for 12-24 hours. Preferred Components: The bio-polyol is palm kernel oil-based polyol, coconut oil-based polyol or soybean polyol. EXAMPLE - Palm-based polyol was initially dissolved in tetrahydrofuran before mixing with 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate in a round bottom flask under nitrogen gas atmosphere at ambient temperature to form urethane prepolymer. Diethylene glycol was then added at varying amount to the palm-based polyol. The resulting mixture was then agitated at 200 rpm for an hour at room temperature. The resulting mixture was then casted into a translucent film of 50 mu thickness onto a Teflon (RTM: PTFE) plate. The film was then dried in vacuum oven at 35-55 degrees C for 12-24 hours to remove the solvent. The final produced polyurethane was yellow, translucent and void-free film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The step (e) is carried out by chemical vapor deposition, and/or chemical vapor infiltration. The step (d) is carried out by first curing the liquid carbon precursor-infused preform and subsequently carbonizing the cured carbon precursor-infused preform to form a carbon-carbon composite perform at 80-2000 degrees C. Preferred Components: The density of carbon-carbon composite preform is increased to at least greater than or equal to 5%. The fibrous or porous carbon material comprises carbon fiber. The curable liquid carbon precursor composition comprises a combination of at least one aromatic epoxy resin, and at least one aromatic co-reactive curing agent, and/or at least one catalytic curing agent. The aromatic epoxy resin comprises a divinylarene dioxide and where the divinylarene dioxide comprises divinylbenzene dioxide. The curable liquid carbon precursor composition is solvent-free. The density of the carbon-carbon composite is 1.5-2 g/cc. EXAMPLE - Carbon fabric was placed in a mold and an equal weight of the liquid precursor was poured onto the fabric and allowed to soak-in. Then a vaccum is applied to the mold to remove any entrapped air, and heated to cure the liquid precursor at 135 degrees C for 8.38 hours, 175 degrees C for 7.2 hours, 185 degrees C for 4.3 hours, 195 degrees C for 2.3 hours, and at 24 degrees C for 23.5 hours. The resulting liquid composite is then subjected to a post-cure cycle in a convention oven at 195-200 degrees C for 0.3 hours, 200-220 degrees C for 0.6 hours, and at 220-240 degrees C for 0.6 hours. Then the post-cured green perform was subjected to pyrolysis at 30-350 degrees C for 3 hours, 350-500 degrees C for 6 hours, and at 500-1000 degrees C for 2 hours to obtain the carbon-carbon perform. The carbon-carbon perform was subjected to chemical vapor deposition on a silicon substrate to obtain the carbon-carbon composite article.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Nanowire is composed of lead methylamine iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) or compound of formula AB'X3.A=aliphatic amine and/or alkali cation;B'=transition metal, noble metal, such as Ge or Sn cation; andX=Cl, Br or I.Preferred Process: Nanowire is made by solution mixing, slip-coating, spin coating, dip coating, screen printing, doctor blading or spraying. Voids on surface or pores as growth directing tool are used. Preferred Conditions: Composition setting temperature is 273-373 K.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfur source comprises ethylene sulfide, propylene sulfide, methyl phenyl sulfoxide, and dimethyl sulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxygen source comprises ethyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate and nitrous oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The absorber layer comprises copper-indium-gallium selenide (Cu(In,Ga)Se2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The alkali metal is potassium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The shape-retention agent is surface-control agent or antifoamer. The concentration of ammonia and nitric acid is 0.1-2 %mass and 0.1-6 %mass, respectively. The content of surface-control agent and silicone antifoamer in the silver fine particles dispersion is 0.15-0.6 %mass and 0.005-0.6 %mass, respectively. The aqueous dispersion medium is solvent containing 50 %mass or more water. The content of the silver fine particles in the silver fine particles dispersion is the 30-75 %mass. The content of organic acid or its derivative(s) with respect to the silver in the silver fine particles dispersion is 2-20 %mass. Preferred Properties: The pH of the silver fine particles dispersion is 5.3-8. The average particle diameter of silver fine particles is 1-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic acid is 5-8C carboxylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surface-control agent contains polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, poly(oxyethylene)alkyl ether or polyether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide in the layer (d) is chosen from niobium, tantalum, zirconium and titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The average diameter of primary particle is 100 nm or less. The particles are obtained by introducing potassium salt to cross-linked polymer composition comprising carboxyl groups through hydrolysis reaction. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polyisobutylene resin (A1), resin (B1), resin (C1), and copolymer (D1) with respect to 100 %mass non-volatile substance in the resin composition is 35-95 %mass, 1-30 %mass, 1-30 %mass and 1-30 %mass, respectively. The styrene content of polystyrene polyolefin block copolymer (D1) is 20-40 %mass. The resin composition further contains 0.1-5 %mass ionic surfactant (E1) having a sulfo group, inorganic filler and hygroscopic metal oxide. The modified polyolefin resin (B1) is an olefin-styrene copolymer and has a functional group, preferably acid-anhydride group. The olefin of the olefin-styrene copolymer is ethylene and/or 1-butene. Tackifying resin (C1) is terpene resin, preferably aromatic modified terpene resin. The visible light transmittance of 380-780 nm wavelength of the resin composition is 80-100%. The water vapor transmission rate of the resin composition sheet is 0.1-40 g/m2.24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the insulating film is 0.5-1.9 nm. Preferred Composition: The semiconductor is chosen from single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, silicon carbide, and silicon-germanium semiconductor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus-containing silicon oxide comprises phosphorus atom and silicon atom in molar ratio of 0.1-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus compound is phosphate ester of formula : R1-O-P(=O)(-O-R2)-O-R3 (I), or phosphite of formula: R1-O-P(-O-R2)-O-R3 (II). The n-type diffused layer-forming composition further comprises dispersion medium. The dispersion medium is binder.R1-R3=1-10C organic group or H, where at least one of R1-R3 is 1-10C organic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali is chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (a) is propylene glycol monoethyl ether or dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether. The alkali concentration of aqueous alkali solution is preferably 18 %mass or more. Preferred Definitions:    L=trimethylene, propylene, or ethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The substrate is heated at temperature which is less than temperature at which metal source begin to oxidize, and more than thermal decomposition temperature of sulfur source. The synthesized sulfide membrane is heated at 500 degrees C or more. The precursor solution is sprayed intermittently to the substrate. The microparticles of the metal sulfide are produced through the process which heats and makes to react within the airtight container after enclosing metal source, sulfur source, ligand, and an organic solvent in an airtight container with an inert gas, in which the boiling point of the ligand is 150 degrees C or more and is less than the temperature of the substrate heated at 50 degrees C or more. Preferred Composition: The sulfur source is thiobenzamide. The precursor solution further contains microparticles of metal sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The tube furnace is a tapered tube furnace having zones with different zone temperature. The system further comprises a valve to prevent collection liquid from entering the tube furnace and a syringe pump for continuously adding precursor solution to the precursor solution vessel. The aerosolizing device is a sonicator, a mister, or a fogger.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carrier gas is an inert gas. The nanoparticles comprise silicon and germanium in molar ratio of 1:10-10:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The volatile solvent is chosen from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and/or butanol. The nanoparticle precursor comprises a group IV organometallic compound. Preferred Process: The temperature above the boiling point of the volatile solvent is 500-1200 degrees C. The process of aerosolizing occurs at a frequency of 1-200 kHz. The process of heating the reactant stream involves passing the reactant stream through a tube furnace. The process further involves continuously aerosolizing, replacing precursor solution and collection liquid and extracting the nanoparticles from the collection liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Aromatic diamine component contains more than 50 mol% of p-phenylenediamine and/or 4,4'-diamino diphenylether. Preferred Property: Heat processing is carried out at 400-550 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aromatic (meth)acrylate monomeric unit (a1) is chosen from phenyl methacrylate unit and 2-naphthyl methacrylate unit. The aromatic vinyl monomeric unit (a2) is chosen from styrene unit and ( alpha )-methylstyrene unit. The polymer (A) contains 20 %mass or more aromatic (meth)acrylate monomeric unit (a1) and 50 %mass or less aromatic vinyl monomeric unit (a2). The absolute value of the difference of the refractive index of the polymer (A) and non-crystalline thermoplastic polyester resin is 0.02 or less. The non-crystalline thermoplastic polyester resin (B) is poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The multilayer graphene comprises 1-300 layers having carbon purity of 90% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ketone-based organic solvent is butanone or acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer comprises 5-90 %mass structural unit (a) having 12-30C hydrocarbon group and 10-95 %mass structural unit (b) having nonionic group. The structural unit (a) is derived from monomer having 12-30C hydrocarbon group or monomer having reactive group which can introduce 12-30C hydrocarbon group. The structural unit (b) is derived from monomer having nonionic group and is obtained by introducing 12-30C hydrocarbon group into the reactive group after the polymerization reaction. The mass ratio of structural unit (a) and structural unit (b) is 5/95-90/10. Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of the polymer is 1000-300000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polyimide silica composite porous component has porosity of 15-99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (b2) is fumed-silica fine powder, precipitated silica fine powder, pyrogenic silica fine powder, fumed titanium oxide fine powder or quartz fine powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst (C) is hydrosilylation reaction catalyst and/or condensation reaction catalyst. The adhesive composition further contains adhesion promoter.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The component (b1) is dimethylpolysiloxane free of reactive functional groups other than terminal silanol group in molecule. The component (A) is organopolysiloxane (a1) having 2 or more alkenyl groups in molecule, organopolysiloxane (a2) having alkenyl-group containing siloxane units of formulae: RSiO1/2, SiO4/2 and R'SiO1/2, and organopolysiloxane (a3) having 2 or more silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms in one molecule. At least one portion of component (A) is curable organopolysiloxane having alkoxy silyl-containing group of formula (I).R=2-8C alkenyl;R'=1-10C alkyl or phenyl;R1=monovalent hydrocarbyl free of aliphatic unsaturated bond;R2=alkyl;R3=alkylene;a=0-2;andp=1-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water-soluble metal salt contains water-soluble copper salt. The substrate is conductive substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (I) is preferably N-methyl thiourea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate used is chosen from metal, an intermetallic compound, semiconductor, inorganic oxide, metal oxide, and/or metal nitride where the metal is not an alloy. The oxidant is chosen from carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, water, and/or oxygen, preferably the same oxidant used in thermal pretreatment. The substrate is a substrate which forms carbon on its surface (S1) during thermal treatment in hydrogen atmosphere and/or substrate having one or more carbon-atom containing compounds on the surface (S1). The thermal pretreatment involves heating the substrate to at least 450 degrees C, and/or maintaining pressure of 10-10-500000 hPa in the chamber. The oxidant is fed into the chamber which does not contain hydrogen. The chemical deposition of graphene is started while at least some amount of the oxidant is still present in the chemical deposition chamber. The chemical deposition is a chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The chemical deposition of graphene involves contacting the pretreated surface (S2) with gaseous precursor compound, preferably saturated or unsaturated or aromatic hydrocarbon compound. The graphene prepared on the pretreated surface (S2) is transferred to another substrate. The thermal pretreatment involves cleaning the substrate. Preferred Equipment: The chemical deposition chamber is CVD chamber or an autoclave.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phenolic compound is 4,6-dihydroxy methyl-2-methyl phenol or 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dihydroxymethylphenyl) propane. The dopant is organic sulfonic acid or its metal salt, or organic sulfonate anion, preferably poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive polymer composition further contains dopant, and solvent which is mixed solvent of water and alcohol, and binder resin. The polymer compound is polythiophene or its derivative, preferably poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The organic electroluminescent element comprises light-emitting layer comprising the compound (I) as host material, arylamine compound as fluorescent dopant and phosphorescent dopant, provided between cathode and anode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Approximately 845 anthracene compounds are disclosed e.g. 17-phenyl-13-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-17-azatetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.011,16)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,11,13,15-octaene of formula (IA), 13-(10-(naphthalen-1-yl)anthracen-9-yl)-17-phenyl-17-azatetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.011,16)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,11,13,15-octaene, 13-(10-(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracen-9-yl)-17-phenyl-17-azatetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.011,16)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,11,13,15-octaene, 17-phenyl-13-(10-(4-phenylphenyl)anthracen-9-yl)-17-azatetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.011,16)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,11,13,15-octaene and 17-phenyl-13-(10-(3-phenylphenyl)anthracen-9-yl)-17-azatetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.011,16)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,11,13,15-octaene.    EXAMPLE - 2.5 g 8-bromo-11-phenylbenzo(a)carbazole, 2.57 g 9-(1-naphthyl)-10-anthracene boronic acid, 150 mg palladium acetate, 550 mg 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl and 4.28 g tribasic potassium phosphate were added to 100 mL three-necked flask, 45 ml 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 10 ml pure water were added, nitrogen-substitution reaction was performed, cooled, methylene chloride was added, heated for 7 hours, resultant product was washed using pure water, purified using silica gel chromatography and methylene chloride was removed from resultant residue, to obtain 3.08 g 13-(10-(naphthalen-1-yl)anthracen-9-yl)-17-phenyl-17-azatetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.011,16)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,11,13,15-octaene having molecular weight of 595.23 and mass-to-charge ratio of 595 measured using mass spectrum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive permeability liquid additive comprises 2-methyl imidazole, EDTA disodium salt, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride and glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Synthesis of composite fluorescent powder matrix further involves adding activator and multicomponent flux to the matrix to obtain (0.7CaTiO3.0.05Ca2Zn4Ti16O38):Pr3+x,B3+a,Li+b,Na+cK+d with a peak excitation spectra at 330 nm, and doping with trivalent bismuth and ions chosen from tetravalent zirconium, trivalent aluminum, and trivalent lutetium to obtain (0.7CaTiO3.0.05Ca2Zn4Ti16O38):Pr3+x,B3+a,Li+b,Na+cK+dBi3+mTn with a peak excitation spectra at 360 nm.x=0-0.008 (excluding 0 and 0.008);a=0-0.1 (excluding 0 and 0.1);b=0-0.005 (excluding 0.005);c=0-0.005 (excluding 0.005);d=0-0.05 (excluding 0 and 0.05);T=Zr4+, Al3+ or Lu3+;m=0-0.006 (excluding 0 and 0.006);andn=0-0.03 (excluding 0 and 0.03).b and c are not 0 simultaneously. Preferred Compounds: The source of trivalent boron is boric acid, monovalent lithium is lithium carbonate, monovalent sodium is sodium carbonate, and monovalent potassium is potassium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The energy absorption material layer is made of layers of a polycarbonate (PC) material or plastic materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The laminated microporous film has a shrinkage percentage of -10% to 10% at 130 degrees C in the transverse direction. The static friction coefficient of one side and another surface is 0.3-1.5. Preferred Component: At least one layer of the surface side comprises a resin having a melt flow rate of 50-150 g/10 minutes and a melting point of 120-130 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Laminated microporous film has shutdown temperature of 129.5-135 degrees C, shrinkage percentage of transverse direction (TD) at 130 degrees C of - 10%-10%, shutdown speed of 1.55x 104-3x 104 s, film thickness of 3-25 mu m, and static friction coefficient in a back surface versus surface of a film of 0.3-1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Inorganic nanoparticles having a heat conductivity of 1 W/mK or more are dispersed in the binder. The inorganic nanoparticles contain diamond, graphene, silicon carbide, and/or graphite, or silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, and/or yttrium oxide, or aluminum nitride and/or boron nitride, or silver, copper and/or silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The side surfaces are irradiated with ceramic and glass particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The side surfaces are irradiated with corundum, aluminum oxide and silicon carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material is selected from acenes, particularly pentacene, Pthalocyaninen or thiophenes or triphenylamines, Perylendicarboximiden or Pthalocyaninen. The filling material is provided with the phenanthrolines or oxadiazoles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The surface modifying layer is made of aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic solvent is selected from acetone and ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The nanowires is made of silver, gold, platinum, copper, palladium, titanium, aluminum and lithium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal precursor (a) comprises molybdenum and/or tungsten. The metal precursor (b) comprises technetium and rhenium, or n-type vanadium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium and/or yttrium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process-1, the lead aromatic solution added to the selenium solution is 5 ml at 1 ml per 30 seconds. In the process-2: the first temperature is preferably 250 degrees C; and the second temperature is preferably 250 degrees C. In the process-2: the lead benzoate solution added to the selenium solution is 5 ml at a rate of 1 ml per 30 seconds. The byproduct is separated from the lead selenide with benzoic ligand, and the lead selenide with benzoic ligand is further centrifuged with ethanol, then the ethanol is separated from the lead selenide with benzoic ligand, and the lead selenide with benzoic ligand is further re-suspended in hexane at room temperature. Preferred Components: In the process-1: the amounts of: the lead acetate and the aromatic ligand are 1:1 in stoichiometric amounts; toluene and 1-octadecene is 40 ml of 50:50 toluene and 1-octadecene; the selenium powder are 1:1 in stoichiometric amounts with the lead acetate; trioctylphosphine is 1.6 ml; and 1-octadecene is 40 ml. In process-2: the amounts of: the lead acetate and the benzoic acid are 1:1 in stoichiometric amounts; mixture of toluene and 1-octadecene is 40 ml of 50:50 toluene and 1-octadecene; the selenium powder are 1:1 in stoichiometric amounts with the lead acetate; the lead acetate, recrystallized benzoic acid and selenium powder are 3.795 g, 1.8349 g and 0.0690 g, respectively; trioctylphosphine is 1.6 ml; and 1-octadecene is 40 ml. The aromatic ligand is 4-vinylbenzoic acid, 3-vinylbenzoic acid, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid or benzoic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The ferritic stainless steel further comprises 0.005-0.08 %mass rare-earth elements, 0.01-0.5 %mass zirconium, 0.01-0.5 %mass vanadium, and/or 0.01-0.5 %mass cobalt, 0.0005-0.003 %mass calcium and/or 0.001-0.003 %mass magnesium, and 0.05-1 %mass molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The ferritic stainless steel further comprises 0.003 %mass or less boron, 0.08 %mass or less rare-earth elements, 0.5 %mass or less zirconium, 0.5 %mass or less vanadium, 0.5 %mass or less cobalt, and/or 0.5 %mass or less nickel, 0.005 %mass or less calcium and/or 0.005 %mass or less magnesium, and 0.1-1 %mass molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrothermal reaction is carried out at 140-300 degrees C. Preferred Components: The titanium alkoxide includes isopropoxy titanium, ethoxy-butoxy titanium and/or titanium. The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, tetrahydrofuran and/or acetonitrile. In the step (b), the weight ratio of water and organic solvent is 10:90-90:10. EXAMPLE - 13.3 ml Ethanol was mixed with 30 ml triethanolamine to obtain mixed solution. The solution was mixed with titanium(IV) isopropoxide to produce complexing agent. 45 ml Ethanol and 55 ml water were mixed with 1.1 ml diethanolamine to obtain solution. The complexing agent was stirred with the solution for 4 hours. The resultant was subjected through hydrothermal reaction at 1-100 degrees C for 4 hours, and at 230 degrees C for 8 hours to obtain titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The thermal decomposition process is carried out at 100-300 degrees C for 30 minutes to 12 hours. The method further comprises adding reducing agent into the solution containing graphene quantum dot, and heating the solution at 80-150 degrees C for 30 minutes to 24 hours to remove defect from the graphene quantum dot. Preferred Components: The diameter of graphene quantum dot is adjusted according to concentration of the surface stabilizers. The solution includes 0.1-90 vol.% concentration of surface stabilizer. The surface stabilizer is oleylamine, octadecylamine, hexadecylamine, dodecylamine, octylamine, oleic acid or hexadecanethiol. The solvent is 1-25C hydrocarbon, 1-5 C alcohol, water or acetone. The reducing agent is hydrazine, lithium aluminum hydride, formic acid, platinum, ascorbic acid, sodium borohydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride. EXAMPLE - 5 ml Oleylamine and 5 ml octadecene were stirred for 5 minutes to obtain colorless transparent solution. Then 10 mg graphite and 40 ml nitric acid were stirred at 100 degrees C for 12 hours to obtain graphene oxide. The graphene oxide was added into 60 ml water to obtain solution. The colorless transparent solution and graphene oxide solution were heated at 200 degrees C for 3 hours to obtain dark brown graphene quantum dot solution. The quantum dot solution was added into 2 ml hydrazine at 100 degrees C, and stirred for 3 hours to obtain mixture. The mixture was centrifuged, precipitated and dissolved in octane to obtain graphene quantum dots.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The single crystal nitride veneer growth substrate is flexed during growth of the semiconductor layer to enhance the growth and/or physical properties of the semiconductor layer. The semiconductor layer is deposited on the single crystal nitride veneer using at least one of the following methods: sputtering, liquid phase epitaxy (LPE), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HYPE), atomic layer deposition (ALD), evaporation, spraying, dip coating, printing, and/or spin coating. Preferred Components: The semiconductor layer comprises at least one of the following materials: silicon, silicon/germanium, germanium, gallium arsenide, aluminum indium gallium phosphide (AlInGaP), dilute nitrides, indium phosphide (InP), antinomides, and zinc oxide (ZnO) alloys. The semiconductor layer is a nitride solar cell junction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The value (b) of linear function derived from least squares method is -10 atomic% to 20 atomic%. The local maximum of the carbon atom ratio of the position nearest to base material is 25-45 atomic%. The local maximum of carbon atom ratio of position nearest to the gas barrier layer surface on opposite side to base material is 1-20 atomic%. The gas barrier layer has thickness of 80-250 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic compound is at least one chosen from oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, oxy salt, oxo acid, oxo acid salt, and oxo complex of the metal element, preferably molybdenum-oxide (IV), molybdenum-oxide (VI), tungsten-oxide (VI), tin oxide (IV), vanadium oxide (II), vanadium oxide (III), vanadium oxide (IV), vanadium oxide (V), cerium-oxide (IV), tellurium-oxide (IV), bismuth oxide (III), cerium hydroxide (IV), bismuth-hydroxide (III), vanadium hydroxide (III), molybdenum hydroxide (V), bismuth oxide (III) carbonate, vanadium oxide sulfate (IV), ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate, sodium tungstate, ammonium tungstate, sodium ortho vanadate, ammonium metavanadate, and/or sodium metavanadate. The plasma processing detection indicator has a non-discoloration layer containing at least one chosen from titanium oxide (IV), zirconium oxide (IV), yttrium-oxide (III), barium sulfate, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, alumina, aluminum, silver, yttrium, zirconium, titanium, and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The fused metal nanostructured network has a metal loading of 0.1-300 mg/m2, preferably 1-150 mg/m2. Preferred Composition: The metal nanostructured network comprises silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent conductive layer comprises 100-450 wt.% of polymeric polyol relative to metal loading. The polymeric polyol comprises a cellulose and a chitosan-based polymer. The substrate comprises a polymer substrate supporting the transparent conductive layer further containing a polymer overcoat. Preferred Properties: The transparent conductive film has a sheet resistance of preferably not more than 100 Omega /sq, and a total transmittance (%TT) of at least 89%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyhydric phenol compound is chosen from bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ether and bis(3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylphenyl)methane. The methylolated phenolic compound is 2,6-dihydroxymethyl-4-methylphenol or 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dihydroxymethylphenyl)propane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive polymer composition further comprises dopant which oxidizes or reduces the electroconductive high-molecular compound, binder resin and epoxy compound or oxetane compound as crosslinking agent. The electroconductive high-molecular compound is poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene). The dopant is poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid). Preferred Definitions:    k=1;and    a,b,f,m=1 or 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The water inlet pipeline of the sludge, sludge reflux overrunning pipeline and the water tank are connected with a pump. The anaerobic pool, aerobic pool, secondary sedimentation tank, anoxic tank and final sedimentation tank bottom are funnel-shaped. The bottom outlet is set with a drainage valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The CIGS semiconductor layer has no peaks corresponding to each of bismuth crystal, and bismuth selenide crystal (Bi4Se3) in the X-ray diffraction pattern by 2( theta - theta ) methods. Preferred Component: The base material prepared during the manufacturing of CIGS semiconductor layer has a backside electrode layer (2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The thienopyrazine derivative is prepared by reacting thiophene-3,4-diamine and 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-dione compound of formula (A). EXAMPLE - 0.40 g 1,2-di(4-(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)sulfanylphenyl)ethanedione and 40 ml ethanol were added into a 100 ml-three-necked flask and stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. 0.081 g 3,4-Diaminothiophene and 0.24 ml acetic acid were added, stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and reacted at 50 degrees C and for 2 hours. The resultant reaction mixture was cooled, the precipitate was washed with 25 nm ethanol, filtered and dried under reduced pressure at 40 degrees C for 16 hours, to obtain 0.38 g green solid 2,3-bis(4-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)sulfanyl)phenyl)thieno(3,4-b)pyrazine with yield of 83.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The photoelectric conversion element has photoelectric conversion portion positioned between electrode film (a) and electrode film (b), thin-film transistor having hole-accumulation unit and signal reading portion which reads the signal according to the electric charge stored into the thin-film transistor. The photoelectric conversion portion comprises photoelectric converting layer and organic thin film layers other than photoelectric converting layer. The organic thin film layer is electron-blocking layer, electron-carrying layer, positive hole-transport layer or hole-blocking layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred compound: The compound (I) is preferably of formula (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight average molecular weight of the silsesquioxane resin is 2000-100000. The resin composition further contains polyfunctional compound having ethylenically unsaturated bond, and reinforcing agent, viscosity-adjusting (meth)acrylic compound or organic solvent, and additive chosen from antioxidant, photostabilizer, adhesion promoter and surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphene is reduced graphene oxide, has a sheet shape. The DNA is bonded to graphene via non-covalent bond and/or hydrogen bond. The DNA is a plant-derived DNA. The platinum nanoparticles are deposited on graphene and DNA. The platinum nanoparticles are zero-valent platinum nanoparticles, and are cluster of fine platinum nanoparticles, and have a diameter of 0.1-2 nm. The metal nanoparticles are cluster of fine nanoparticles of noble metal (including silver, palladium, gold and/or platinum). The graphene is bridged with DNA. The DNA is bridged between the graphene oxide sheets. The base of graphene oxide is combined with graphite domain of graphene oxide. Preferred Method: The method comprises heating by mixing graphene oxide and DNA and cooling to obtain DNA-graphene oxide complex. In the DNA-graphene oxide complex preparing step, the DNA is unwound to a single strand upon heating and then restored back to double strand upon cooling. In the method, the metal precursor compound includes silver, palladium gold and/or platinum, preferably platinum precursor compound having an oxidation state of 2+. Platinum(II) ions are reduced to form zero-valent platinum nanoparticles. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises at least (a) mixing starting materials or its corresponding reactive form, and (b) thermal treatment of the mixture under reductive conditions. Preferred Process: The salts in step (a) are oxides, halides or carbonates and at least one binary nitride. Preferred Components: (I) are of formulae (M1M23M33M43N2O12:Eu2+) or M1M2(3-x)M3M43N2O12:Eu2+x).x = greater than 0 to less than or equal to 0.3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The primary light source is a luminescent indium aluminum gallium nitride, and/or indium gallium nitride. Preferred Definitions:    M1 = La;    M3 = Al;    M4 = (Ge1-ySiy);    y = 0-1;    M2 = Mg, Ca, Sr and/or Ba, or (Ba1-zEAz);    z = 0-1; and    EA = Mg, Ca or Sr.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed i.e. lanthanum-barium-magnesium-aluminum-silicon nitrogen oxide:europium complex of formula (LaBaMg2Al3Si3N2O12:Eu), lanthanum-barium-magnesium-silicon-germanium-nitrogen oxide:europium complex of formula (LaBaMg2Al3Si2GeN2O12:Eu), lanthanum-barium-calcium-aluminum-silicon-nitrogen oxide:europium complex of formula (LaBaCa2Al3Si3N2O12:Eu), lanthanum-barium-calcium-aluminum-silicon-germanium-nitrogen oxide:europium complex of formula (LaBaCa2Al3Si2GeN2O12:Eu) and lanthanum-barium-calcium-aluminum-silicon-germanium-nitrogen oxide:europium complex of formula (LaBaCa2Al3SiGe2N2O12:Eu).    EXAMPLE - 2 g Lanthanum oxide, 1.9 g aluminum oxide, 2.1 g magnesium carbonate, 3.36 g barium carbonate, 0.87 g silicon nitride, 1.12 g silicon carbide, 0.26g europium(III) oxide were mixed in an agate mortar. The resulting mixture was fired at 1200 degrees C in ammonia atmosphere for 8 hours. The powder obtained was grounded and re-calcined using the same conditions. Thus lanthanum-barium-magnesium-aluminum-silicon-nitrogen oxide:europium complex (LaBaMg2Al3Si3N2O12:Eu).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The emitter layer includes one of cadmium sulfide and cadmium telluride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface layer contains silicon and aluminum (9a).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The surface modification process is carried out using surface modification agent comprising alcohol amine and nonionic surfactant. Preferred Property: The solid particle has particle size of 0.01-100 mu m. Preferred Process: The solid particle with inorganic coating layer is diamond particle with palladium coating layer, diamond particle with nickel coating layer and/or diamond particle with titanium coating layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyamine is polyethylenimine, and has number average molecular weight of 800-2000000. The concentration of the polyamine is 1-100 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The welding wire further comprises 0.0005-0.003 %mass boron, 0.001-0.08 %mass rare-earth elements.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The slurry concentration is 35-50%. The acid is nitric acid. Preferred Condition: During drying, acid is added to the slurry and pH of slurry is adjusted to 6-6.8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 5-20 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: One or more portion of the superacid is adsorbed to the boron nitride nanosheet. The boron nitride nanosheet has 10 or less layers. Preferred Process: The boron nitride and superacid are mixed by performing 1 or more types of delamination process chosen from boron nitride from ultrasonication, stirring process and pulverization in presence of the superacid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent conductive film has anti-sulfuration layer (5a) and anti-sulfuration layer (5b). The anti-sulfuration layer (5a) contains oxide chosen from gallium oxide and zinc oxide, or nitride. The anti-sulfuration layer is placed between high refractive index layer (2) and transparent conductive layer. The anti-sulfuration layer (5b) contains oxide chosen from zinc oxide, or gallium and zinc oxide, or nitride, and is placed between transparent conductive layer and high refractive index layer (3). The high refractive index layer (2) contains zinc sulfide, and oxide or nitride such as silicon dioxide. The content of oxide or nitride exists in 5-30 vol.% of whole amount of the high refractive index layer (2). The high refractive index layer (3) contains zinc sulfide, titanium dioxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, niobium oxide, tin dioxide, indium-zinc oxide, aluminum and zinc oxide, gallium oxide and zinc oxide, antimony tin oxide, either which is chosen from non-crystalline oxide containing indium cerium oxide, indium gallium and zinc oxide, bismuth oxide, tungsten trioxide, indium oxide, gallium-indium oxide and silicon dioxide as high refractive index material, preferably zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The aspect-ratio of length and breadth of talc particles is 6-15. The total thickness of the film is 120-500 mu m. The intrinsic viscosity of the polyester resin which comprises film is 0.65 dl/g or more, and the amount of terminal carboxyl groups is 20 equivalents/t or less. The micro endothermic peak temperature of polyester resin, calculated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is 160-210 degrees C. Preferred Process: Manufacture of biaxially-oriented polyester film involves performing heat treatment process (P1) of film at heat processing temperature (Th1)( degrees C) which satisfies relation: Tm-80 less than or equal to Th1 less than or equal to Tm-30, where Tm is melting point of the polyester resin, and performing heat treatment process (P2) of film at heat processing temperature Th2( degrees C) which satisfies relation: Tc less than or equal to Th2 less than or equal to Th1, where Tc is crystallization temperature ( degrees C) of the polyester resin, and the film shrink in longitudinal direction of film and width direction of film is 1-10%, after heat processing for 70-600.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The purity of molybdenum trioxide used in the preparation of sodium doped-molybdenum-containing rotary target material is more than 99.99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Aromatic heterocyclic ring compound and fluorenone are reacted, to obtain fluorene derivative (I). Preferred Composition: The composition further contains solvent, inorganic filler, pigment, thixotropy imparting agent, fluidity improver, hardening agent and hardening accelerator. Preferred Definitions:    heteroaromatic compound=indole.    EXAMPLE - 117.1 g Indole, 81 g 9-fluorenone and 234.2 g methanol were mixed, 5.4 g 98 %mass concentrated sulfuric acid was added to the reaction mixture, reacted at 60 degrees C for 24 hours, neutralized using 18 g 10 %mass sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stirred, 351 g distilled water was added, the precipitate was separated, crystallized, and dried at 60 degrees C under reduced pressure, to obtain 170 g bisindole fluorene (yield of 95.4%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The flame retardant is condensed phosphoric acid ester compound of formula (I).Q1-Q4=1-6C alkyl;n=1 or more;n1,n2=0-2;andm1-m4=0-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains styrene resin (D). The resin composition comprises 57-93.5 parts mass component (A), 3-30 parts mass component (B), 3-30 parts mass component (C) and 0.5-20 parts mass component (D). The composition further contains 0.01-0.5 part mass thermostabilizer (E) with respect to 100 parts mass component (B). The content of polystyrene block in component (B) is 20-50 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, or hydroxypropyl cellulose. The nanocellulose is bamboo fiber, wood fiber, hemp fiber, cotton fiber, enteromorpha fiber or garlic skin fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chlorine oxide is sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium chlorate or potassium chlorate. Preferred Method: Reacting is done at 20-40 degrees C, preferably 20-30 degrees C. Drying is done at 40-60 degrees C or by freeze-drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid curing agent further contains 1 or more types of ionic liquid, and 1 or more solid onium salt. The organic cation contains sulfonium cation, ammonium cation, and phosphonium cation. The organic anion contains carboxylate ion. The organic anion contains amino acid ion, hydroxycarboxylic acid ion and/or polyhydric carboxylic acid ion. The organic anion contains strong acid ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Composition: The nanocrystal ink comprises 1 mu g/ml to 1 g/ml group-IV nanocrystals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the group-IV nanocrystals, comprises providing a group-IV monomer and a phosphorus and/or boron precursor to a plasma reactor under conditions that produce a group-IV nanocrystal. Preferred Method: In the method (M2), the conditions comprise gentle mixing or sonication at room temperature. In the method (M3), the solution coating comprises drop casting, spin coating, dip coating, meyer rod coating, doctor blade coating, inkjet printing, screen printing, contact printing and/or spray coating. The method (M3) further comprises allowing the solvent to evaporate at a temperature of at most 250 degrees C. Preferred Components: The surface of the nanocrystal is free of organic ligands and surfactants. The group-IV element is silicon and/or germanium. The surface of the nanocrystal further comprises phosphorus and/or boron atoms. The surface of the nanocrystal comprises: 0-100 atom% phosphorus atoms; and 0-100 atom%, preferably 1-30 atom% boron atoms. The nanocrystal further comprises activated dopants in the silicon core and the nanocrystal has an infrared surface plasmon absorption.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is an aqueous or non-aqueous solvent. The solvent comprises at least one organic solvent that is a dipolar, organic solvent having a hard donor group, without a strongly acidic site, and does not chemically react with the nanocrystal surface. The organic solvent comprises halogenated aromatics, ketones, esters, N-substituted pyrrolidinones, N,N-disubstituted amides and/or nitriles. The solvent further comprises water. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The supporting material is a sacrificial support and the method further involves removing the sacrificial support after the step of heat treating. The method also involves ball-milling the imidazole and transition metal precursors in the presence of a supporting material; and a second heat treatment after the sacrificial support is removed. Heat treating the dispersed precursors involves pyrolysis. Reacting metal precursor and imidazole involves ball-milling. Preferred Components: The sacrificial support is porous and the imidazole and transition metal precursors polymerize within the pores of the sacrificial support. The sacrificial support is silica. The supporting material comprises carbon. The supporting material is particulate. The catalytic material is unsupported. It further comprises a supporting material, where the supporting material is formed from carbon. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The weight average molecular weight of the bisphenol A epoxy compound is 10000-50000. The glass transition temperature of the polyester compound is 0-50 degrees C. The sealing layer is a hardened film formed by heating the application layer formed by applying the solution of the resin composition on the base film. The film thickness of the sealing layer is 50-500 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The alloy is a solid solution and has a face centered cubic (FCC) structure. The catalyst is an alternative catalyst to a platinum (Pt) catalyst and has an activity for a hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). Hydrogen is adsorbed over the alloy (111) surface. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of constituent atoms of the alloy is 25:75 to 75:25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The azo compound comprises two or more azo moieties and two or more sulfonic acid moieties, and is of formula (I). The azo compound is preferably 3,3'-((1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diyl)bis(4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid) (Congo red).R=amino-substituted phenyl or amino-substituted naphthyl (both optionally substituted by sulfonic acid moiety(s)).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate and polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The bifunctional compound (B) is of formula: X2(-R7)2.X2=4-40C organic group or monocyclic or condensed aryl optionally having branched structure or alicyclic structure (optionally substituted by O, N or S in side chain and does not have polymerizable unsaturated double bond);andR7=vinyl, acryloyl or methacryloyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal is a non- platinum group metal e.g. iron, cobolt, manganese, zinc, Cerium, Chromium, copper, Molybdenum, nickel, Ruthenium, Tantalum, Titanium, Vanadium, Tungsten and Zirconium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxygen reduction reaction catalyst comprises aminoantipyrine and phenanthroline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: In (I), M, A and X are present in a sub-stoichiometric amounts or in an over-stoichiometric amounts. The MAX phase composition is doped with suitable dopant oxides. The material has been reaction sintered by adding at least one of the element M or A as a metal or a metal salt. Preferred Definitions:    M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo or W; and    A = Zn, Ga, Ge, In or Sn.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The slurry concentration of the indium-hydroxide slurry is 30-50%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The binder is water-soluble binder. The addition amount of binder is 0.5-1 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Tank: The tank (6) functions also as working electrode. Preferred Process: Electric potential is applied to the core metal material in the acidic solution in tank (6) before supply of the base metal ion containing solution, and after supply of core metal material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acidic compound is sulfuric acid. The concentration of sulfuric acid in tank (7) is 10-100 times higher than the concentration in tank (6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxygen absorption promoting substance comprises cobalt and/or manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The composition further comprises a photoinitiator, a viscosity modifier, and a dehydrating agent and/or gas adsorption agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The liquid oligomer is liquid butadiene oligomer having an acid value of 50 mg potassium hydroxide/g or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Compound of formula H+n'XSUPERSCRIPTn'- is sulfuric acid or preferably phosphoric acid with concentration of 4-20 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Fluorocarbon polymer contains RU(tria/tetrazole) and optionally random or sequentially placed repeated units of formula (II). Solid support is PTFE film with thickness of 20-180 mu m and density of 0.3-1 g/cm3. Preferred Definitions:    Rf=F;    n=1;    Zf=direct bond, -CF2- and -CF2CF2-;    R1,R2,R3=H;    E=CH;    Q=N;    x=0.65-0.92;    n'=3;    XSUPERSCRIPTn'-=PO4-3;    Ar-=compound of formula (Ar-1); and    na-ng=2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The alkali-free glass comprises 65.5-67.5 mol% silicon dioxide, 12.5-13.5 mol% aluminum oxide, 0.7-1.2 mol% boron trioxide, 8.5-10 mol% magnesium oxide, 2-4.5 mol% calcium oxide, 5.3-8 mol% strontium oxide and 18-19.5 mol% total content of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and strontium oxide, and in which the ratio of total content of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide and total content of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and strontium oxide is 4.5 or less, the ratio of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide is 2 or more, ratio of strontium oxide and calcium oxide is 1.15 or more, and the ratio of total content of magnesium oxide and strontium oxide and total content of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and strontium oxide is 0.8 or more, or the alkali-free glass comprises 63-68 mol% silicon dioxide, 12-14 mol% aluminum oxide, 0.5-1.3 mol% boron trioxide, 8-11 mol% magnesium oxide, 1.5-5 mol% calcium oxide, 5-9 mol% strontium oxide, 0-0.3 mol% barium oxide and 17.5-20 mol% total content of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide, and in which the ratio of total content of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide and total content of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide is 4.6 or less, the ratio of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide is 1.3 or more, ratio of strontium oxide and calcium oxide is 1.1 or more, and the ratio of total content of magnesium oxide and strontium oxide and total content of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide is 0.75 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The quaternized amine is of formula: R2-N(R1)(R3). The alkylene oxide is 2-4C alkylene oxide.R1-R3=H, 2-4C hydroxyalkyl, 1-20C alkyl, 6-20C aryl or 7-20C aralkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight/number average molecular weight) of (meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer is 3 or less. Preferred Process: The heat treatment process is carried out at 80-150 degrees C for 30 seconds to 10 minutes. Manufacture of surface protection film involves forming the oligomer precipitation prevention layer (3) which prevents precipitation of oligomer on other side of the base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidizing agent is molybdophosphoric-acid hydrate. Preferred Process: The basic solvent is dried at 200 degrees C or less. After drying process, the obtained product is rinsed in solvent which dissolves only the oxidizing agent and portion of oxidizing agent is removed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The arylamine-type polymer contains aromatic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic compound which has one or more hydrogen atom. The arylamine-type polymer is poly(N-vinylcarbazole).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidizing agent includes iron(III) salt, copper(II) salt, peroxide, and peracid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent includes compound chosen from monocyclic aromatic compound, nitrogen-containing aromatic compound, sulfur-containing aromatic compound, aromatic vinyl polymer, aromatic amine, aliphatic amine, nitro compound, thiol, and metallic complex.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ( pi )conjugated polymer is obtained by polymerizing non-conjugated polymer by oxidation-polymerization method in presence of oxidizing agent. The non-conjugated polymer contains sulfo group. The electroconductive composition further contains hydrophilic solvent having boiling point of 130 degrees C or more. The electroconductive composition is obtained by dispersing ( pi ) conjugated polymer, oxidizing agent, non-conjugated polymer and reducing agent in water. Preferred Component: The electroconductive film has carrier concentration of (1x 1024)-(3x 1026)/m3. The organic semiconductor device has a base material, an electrode, and the electroconductive film, which are sequentially arranged. Preferred Definitions:    ring A=benzyl, pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, pyridinyl, cyclopentadienyl or silolyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Compound (1) is compound of formula (1-1). Hole transporting layer contains 0.1-15 pts. wt. phthalocyanine derivative of formula (8). Solar cell includes 1st electrode, composite layer positioned on 1st electrode and impregnated with light harvester, overlayer of light harvester, hole transporting layer and 2nd electrode positioned on hole transporting layer.M=Cu, Zn, Co, Pb, Ag, Mg, Fe, titanyl or vanadyl; andR21-R24=H, 1-7C alkyl, 1-7C alkoxy or sulfonic acid.Preparation: (Disclosed) Hole-transporting compound is prepared by putting 2,4'-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 2,2',7,7'-tetrabromo-9,9'-spirobi(9H-fluorene), sodium tert-butoxide, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), and tri-tert-butylphosphine into 2-neck flask under nitrogen atmosphere, and adding anhydrous toluene, stirring at 110 degrees C for 12 hours, cooling reaction mixture to room temperature, extracting with ethyl acetate, washing with salt water, and drying over magnesium sulfate to remove solvent, separating and purifying using column chromatography. Preferred Definitions:    Z1-Z4,Z11-Z14=O; and    R1-R4,R11-R14=1-3C alkyl.    EXAMPLE - N2,N2',N7,N7'-tetrakis(2-methoxyphenyl)-N2,N2',N7,N7'-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-9,9'-spirobi(fluorene)-2,2',7,7'-tetraamine was prepared by putting 2 g 2,4'-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 1.23 g 2,2',7,7'-tetrabromo-9,9'-spirobi(9H-fluorene), 1.12 g sodium tert-butoxide, 0.071 g tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), and 0.025 g tri-tert-butylphosphine into 50 ml 2-neck flask under nitrogen atmosphere, and adding 15 ml anhydrous toluene, stirring at 110 degrees C for 12 hours, cooling reaction mixture to room temperature, extracting with ethyl acetate, washing with salt water, and drying over magnesium sulfate to remove solvent, separating and purifying using column chromatography.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal precursor is a metal-organic compound which contains zinc, indium or tin and oxygen-containing compound is liquid oxygen. The metal oxide particles are zinc oxide doped with aluminum, gallium or indium, indium oxide doped with germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony or bismuth, or tin oxide doped with fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, arsenic, antimony or bismuth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of curable resin layer or film layer, and coating layer is 2-150 mu m and 0.2-100 mu m, respectively. Preferred Component: The coating layer is a hybrid material of an organic component containing methyl group, mercapto group, methacryl group, acryloyl group, vinyl group, or amino group, and an inorganic component containing silicon skeleton. The hybrid material of organic component and inorganic component is silsesquioxane. The coating layer contains adhesive containing thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin, or photocurable resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Process: The sheet layer and the coating layer are laminated by coating or bonding. Preferred Properties: The average fiber width of fine fibers is preferably 2-100 nm. The sheet layer has density of 0.9 g/cm3 or more. The number of exfoliation in 100 cells of composite in cross cut adhesion test is 10 or less, when measured based on K5400. The composite has a total light transmittance of 85% or more and a haze of 10% or less. Preferred Components: The sheet layer is a nonwoven fabric. The fine fibers are fibers containing cellulose fibers. The composite further has a coating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable resin composition further comprises hydrosilylation catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive particles are chosen from silver, gold, copper, aluminum, platinum, titanium, iron, magnesium, zinc and nickel. The conductive particle precursor solution comprises hydrate, oxide, hydroxide, nitride, acetate or bromide of metal chosen from silver, gold, copper, aluminum, platinum, titanium, iron, magnesium, zinc and nickel. The carbon fiber is chosen from carbon nanotube, graphene, graphene nanoribbon, fullerene, carbon wire, carbon nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cleavable tape portion comprises carrier layer(s), top layers, and cleavable sealing layers comprising settable liquid adhesive between carrier layer(s) and top layers. The carrier layer comprises pressure-sensitive adhesive, mixture of pressure-sensitive adhesive and liquid adhesive, or activatable adhesive having complex viscosity of 10000 Pa.second or more measured based on ISO 6721-10 at 23 degrees C and frequency of 1 rad/second. The pressure-sensitive adhesive comprises acrylate-based compound, (meth)acrylate, polyurethane, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, styrene block copolymer, styrene block copolymer with elastomeric unsaturated or hydrogenated polydiene block, polyolefin, polyester, fluoropolymer and/or silicones. The liquid adhesive comprises vinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl chloride, (meth)acrylate, polyamide and their copolymers, cellulose, urea resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, epoxide, polyurethane, polyester, polyaromatic, chloroprene, nitrile rubber, styrene rubber, butyl rubber, polysulfide, silicone and epoxy resin. Preferred Process: The cleavable sealing layer is obtained by emerging liquid adhesive out of carrier layer. The cleavable sealing layer(s) is cleaved by subtracting carrier layer, top layer and/or cleavable sealing layer. At least partial surface of cleavable sealing layer is contacted with substrate. The setting of liquid adhesive(s) is carried out by physical process and/or chemical reaction. The adhesive binder comprises barrier layer having water vapor permeation rate measured based on ASTM F-1249 at 38 degrees C under relative humidity of 90% of 50 g/m2 per day or less. Preferred Property: The complex viscosity of the cleavable sealing layer is preferably 1-1000 Pa.second or less measured based on ISO 6721-10 at 23 degrees C and frequency of 1 rad/second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The molecular weight distribution of methacryl resin composition is 1.3-1.5. The weight average molecular weight of methacryl resin composition is 70000-200000. The polycarbonate resin has viscosity average molecular weight of 15000-18000. The film has thickness of 10-50 mu m, and increased biaxial stretching of 1.5-8 times by area ratio. Preferred Composition: The methacryl resin has syndiotacticity of 3 lattice display of 58-85%, and contains 92-100 %mass structural unit derived from methyl methacrylate. The content of the structural unit derived from methyl methacrylate of methacryl resin is 99 %mass or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A difluoro-substituted derivative of group (A) is reacted with groups (D1) and (D2) in presence of an oxidizing agent chosen from hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide-urea adduct, oxygen or ozone, and optionally selenium, sulfur or Lawesson's reagent, to obtain compound (I). Preferred Compounds: Compound (I) is preferably of formulae (II)-(XIII). Preferred Definitions:    A=group of formula (a);    n=1;and    W'=CR1 or N.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5 carbazole derivatives i.e. 10-(6-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-10H-phenothiazine of formula (IA), 10-(6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-10H-phenothiazine, 10-(6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-10H-phenoxazine, 10-(4,6-bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-10H-phenothiazine and 10-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-6-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-10H-phenothiazine, are disclosed.    EXAMPLE - 10 Mmol carbazole, 500 mg sodium hydride and 110 mL dioxane were mixed in nitrogen atmosphere and reacted for 15 minutes. 1.15 g 2,6-Difluoropyridine was dripped into reaction mixture, heated and cooled to room temperature. Excess of base was dripped and reaction was quenched using 10 mL water. The reaction mixture was poured into 200 mL saturated sodium chloride solution, filtered, crude product was washed with 300 mL water and 60 mL methanol, obtained solid was dissolved in 200 ml hot toluene, filtered, solvent was removed under reduced pressure, obtained product was washed with 300 mL pentane and 200 mL diethyl ether (200 mL) and vacuum-dried. 1H-phenothiazine was reacted with obtained product, and purified, to obtain 10-(6-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-10H-phenothiazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The soluble zinc salt is zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate and/or zinc acetate. The nickel salt is nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate and/or nickel acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Adding amount of organic fuel is 0.4-0.9 times the number of moles of zinc and nickel ions. Adding amount of combustion agent is 0.1-1 times the number of moles of zinc and nickel ions. Combustion is done via open flame or microwave ignition. Preferred Component: The washing solvent is deionized water, ethanol, propanol and/or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate is cleaned using acetone, ethanol and deionized water before the sputtering process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copper salt is divalent copper salt. The transition metal compound is transition metal oxide, transition metal salt and transition metal organic compound. The heteroatom compound is boron, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. The concentration of graphene oxide dispersion liquid is 0.5-5 mg/mL. The mol ratio of copper salt, reduction agent, transition metal compound and heteroatom compound is 1:1-5:0.1-2:0.1-2. Preferred Method: The heat treating is done under vacuum or protective atmosphere at 500-1000 degrees C for 30 minutes to 3 hours at speed of 3-10 degrees C/minute, and cooling to room temperature at speed of 3-10 degrees C/minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reduction agent is aldehyde-containing organic matter, hemiacetal structure-containing organic matter and hemiketal structure-containing organic matter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrothermal preparation of graphene-loaded flower like titania composite material is carried out by ultrasonically dispersing graphite oxide in low-carbon alcohol and water mixed solvent, adding surfactant, stirring for 1-2 hours, adding titanium salt acid solution, continuously stirring for 2-3 hours, placing into reaction vessel, reacting to 120-180 degrees C for 12-24 hours, filtering, washing, and vacuum-drying. Preferred Components: The acid in titanium salt acid solution is concentrated hydrochloric acid. The graphite oxide and surfactant has mass ratio of 1:3-1:10. The graphite oxide and titanium salt has mass ratio of 10:1-20:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium salt is titanium isopropoxide or tetrabutyl titanate. The low-carbon alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol or ethanediol. The low-carbon alcohol and water has volume ratio of 1:1-5:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone or cetyl trimethylammonium bromide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic optical device has organic layer containing fullerene 60, fullerene derivative, polybenzimidazole, and/or 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-bis-benzimidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises (i) adding aromatic aldehyde and dibromo-1,19- dideoxy-3,8,12,17-tetraethyl -2,7,13,18-tetramethylbiladien-a,c into a reaction vessel under nitrogen atmosphere, controlling the reaction temperature at reflux condition, then adding ethanol solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst slowly within 18 hours, and refluxing the mixture for 48 hours, where molar ratio between aromatic aldehyde and dibromo-1,19- dideoxy-3,8,12,17-tetraethyl -2,7,13,18-tetramethylbiladien-a,c is 1-1.2:1, and (ii) cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, removing the solvent under reduced pressure, purifying obtained residue by silica gel column chromatography, and recrystallizing with chloroform-methanol to obtain pure product of (I). Preferred Method: In the step (i), the reaction temperature is controlled at 78-82 degrees C. In the step (ii), the catalyst is removed by recrystallization. Preferred Components: In the step (i), the molar ratio between aromatic aldehyde and dibromo-1,19- dideoxy-3,8,12,17-tetraethyl -2,7,13,18-tetramethylbiladien-a,c is 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The Raoultella ornithinolytica strain P1-A-19 comprises C-10 deacetylase. Preferred Condition: The obtained cells are collected and crushed by toluene. The obtained mixture is added with substrate baccatin III at 30-40 degrees C at 180-250 revolutions per minute for 3-8 days to obtain 10-deacetylbaccatin III.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The recessing tool is made up of cemented carbide alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The halides of copper are cuprous chloride and/or cupric chloride. Preferred Process: The metal chalcogenide compound raw material and crystal growth promoter are contacted on a substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic oxide particles are chosen from silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, phosphor-doped tin oxide and antimony pentoxide. The metal contained in thin metal film is chosen from gold, silver, platinum and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal complex comprises metal chosen from zirconium, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, vanadium, aluminum, zinc, indium, tin and platinum, and ligand containing ( beta )-diketone, pivaloyl trifluoroacetone, acetylacetone, trifluoroacetylacetone and hexafluoroacetylacetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primer layer comprises 100 parts mass inorganic oxide particles, 2-50 parts mass metal complex and 10-1000 parts mass binder resin cured material. The binder resin cured material is active-energy-ray-curable resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electron donating subunit is a strong electron donor, and electron accepting subunit is a strong electron acceptor. The polymer further has at least one spacer between electron donating subunits and electron accepting subunit. The spacer is at least one monomer containing one or more pi -bonds. The polymer has singlet fission efficiency of more than 100%, preferably 100-200%. The polymer is of formulae: (SA-D'-SA-WD)n, (WD-SA-D'-SA-WD)n, (SD-SP-SA)n or (SD-SP-SA-SP)n or of formula (I) or (II).WD=weak electron donor;SA=strong electron acceptor;SD=strong electron donor;SP=spacer;m,n,p=1;q=2 or more;andR=H, 1-20C alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, oligoethylene glycol or aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The vapor deposition layer contains 2-50 atomic% metal chosen from zinc, tin and iron and their oxides. Preferred Property: The film thickness of the vapor deposition layer is 5-500 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: An anchor-coat layer containing composite of isocyanate type compound including 2 or more isocyanate groups in molecule and acrylic polyol including hydroxyl group is formed between resin base material and vapor deposition layer. An overcoat layer containing water-soluble polymer including hydroxyl group or water-soluble polymer including carboxyl group is formed on layer (13).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive silver paste is silver, silver-copper alloy, silver-palladium alloy and silver-magnesium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is water, ethanol, t-butanol, methanol, methylene chloride, acetone, chloroform, dimethyl formamide or tetrahydrofuran. The ceramic precursor is butyl titanate, zinc nitrate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, or nickel nitrate. The composite solvent is water, anhydrous alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, methanol, dichloromethane, acetone, trichloromethane, dimethyl formamide or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The spinning solution is polymer spinning solution or spinning solution containing ceramic precursor. The polymer spinning solution comprises 70-95 vol.% solvent and 5-30 vol.% spinnable polymer. The spinning solution containing ceramic precursor, comprises 40-90 vol.% solvent, 5-30 vol.% ceramic precursor, and 5-30 vol.% spinnable polymer. The spinnable polymer is polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polystyrene, polyvinyl butyral or polyvinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is indium phosphide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The thin glass further comprises: 15-37.5 wt.% silicon dioxide, 0-17 wt.% boron trioxide, 0-5 wt.% sodium oxide, 0-10 wt.% potassium oxide, 0-5 wt.% magnesium oxide, 0-10 wt.% calcium oxide, 0 to less than 2 wt.% strontium oxide, 15-40 wt.% barium oxide, 0-9 wt.% zinc oxide, 2-15 wt.% titanium dioxide, 0-10 wt.% zirconium dioxide, 0-7 wt.% niobium pentoxide, 0-18 wt.% lanthanum trioxide, 0-7 wt.% tantalum pentoxide, and 0-9 wt.% germanium dioxide; 30-37.5 wt.% silicon dioxide, 21-38 wt.% barium oxide, 2-11 wt.% titanium dioxide, 2-7.5 wt.% zirconium dioxide, and 5-15 wt.% lanthanum trioxide; a sum of the contents of barium oxide, strontium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and zinc oxide that is at least 20 wt.%; at least one fire-polished surface; The content of the aluminum trioxide of the thin glass is lower than 0.1 wt.%. The content of the lanthanum trioxide is at least 3 wt.%. EXAMPLE - Typical thin glass comprised of: 30 wt.% silicon dioxide; 6 wt.% boron trioxide; 38 wt.% barium oxide; 7 wt.% zinc oxide; 2 wt.% titanium dioxide; 2 wt.% zirconium dioxide; 15 wt.% lanthanum trioxide; and 0.3 wt.% antimony.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxide semiconductor is indium, gallium, zinc, and amorphous oxide semiconductor that consists of oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The higher refractive index dielectric is selected from a group consisting of bismuth oxide, cerium oxide, niobium oxide, tellurium oxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, chromium oxide, antimony oxide, tantalum oxide, silicon nitride and titanium oxide. The lower refractive index dielectric is selected from a group consisting of porous silicon di oxide, aluminum oxide, thallium oxide, dysprosium oxide, europium oxide, gadolinium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, and magnesium oxide and samarium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thermal-matching metal absorption layer is made of metal selected from a group consisting of copper, gold, silver, nickel and titanium. The infrared reflective layer is made of metal selected from group consisting of aluminum, copper, sliver, gold, nickel and chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The contents of the alkaline substance is 1-10 %mass and oxidizing agent is 1-10 %mass. The oxidizing agent is halogen-type oxidizing agent, preferably potassium iodide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The noble metal is platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The sealing material component extraction liquid has pH of 3.8-6.5. The pH of water used in the preparation of the sealing material component extract is 5.1 at 25 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The sealing resin layer is layer containing sealing resin chosen from polyolefin-type polymer, polyester-type polymer, styrenic thermoplastic elastomer, silicone-type polymer, rubber-type polymer and (meth)acrylic-type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The assembly comprises a threaded lock that is made of nylon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In the silver nanoparticles (N), the aliphatic-hydrocarbon amine contains aliphatic-hydrocarbon monoamine (A) containing aliphatic hydrocarbon group and one amino group(s), and the carbon total of aliphatic hydrocarbon group is six or more, aliphatic-hydrocarbon monoamine (B) containing aliphatic hydrocarbon group and one amino group(s), and the carbon total of aliphatic hydrocarbon group is five or less, and aliphatic-hydrocarbon diamine (C) containing aliphatic hydrocarbon group and two amino group(s), and the carbon total of aliphatic hydrocarbon group is 8 or less. The aliphatic-hydrocarbon monoamine (A) includes linear alkyl monoamine having 6-12C linear alkyl group, and/or branched alkyl monoamine having 6-16C branched alkyl group. The aliphatic-hydrocarbon monoamine (B) is 2-5C alkyl monoamine. The aliphatic-hydrocarbon diamine (C) has primary amino group and tertiary amino group. The content of aliphatic-hydrocarbon amine is 1-50 mol with respect to 1 mol silver atom of the silver nanoparticles (N). The curable monomer is chosen from oxetane compound and epoxy compound. The dispersion solvent is glycol-ester-type solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silver particle coating composition further contains binder resin chosen from polyvinyl butyral resin, polyester-based resin, acrylic resin, ethyl cellulose-type resin, phenol-type resin, polyimide-type resin, melamine type resin, and melamine-polyester-based resin, curable monomer and polymerization initiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent is deionized water or a caustic solution. The activation agent is cadmium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent is an alcohol or a weak acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carrier layer comprises pressure-sensitive adhesive, mixture of pressure-sensitive adhesive and settable liquid adhesive or activated adhesive having viscosity of 10000 Pa.second, measured by ISO 6721-10 at 23 degrees C and frequency of 1 rad/second. The pressure-sensitive adhesive comprises poly(methyl methacrylate), polyurethane, polyester, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, styrene-elastomer block copolymer, polyolefin, fluoropolymer, hydrogenated polydiene block copolymer and/or silicone. The liquid adhesive is chosen from vinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl chloride, methacrylate, polyamide, cellulose, urea resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, polyurethane, polyester, polyaromatic compound, chloroprene, nitrile rubber, styrene rubber, butyl rubber, polysulfide and silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Part of ionic liquid is adsorbed to boron nitride nanosheet. Preferred Components: Boron nitride nanosheet contains less than or equal to 10 layers. Boron nitride nanosheet composite body contains solvent. Preferred Process: Delamination process chosen from ultrasonication, stirring process, and pulverization process in presence of ionic liquid is performed. Unadsorbed ionic liquid is collected and part of boron nitride and ionic liquid mixture are recycled.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The base material is glass board material and/or plastic base material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of water in the curable resin composition is 0.01-0.3 mol per mol of compound (A). The curable resin composition further contains 0.01-10 wt.% photoinitiator (C), 3-30 wt.% compound (D) containing 1-6 (meth)acryloyl groups in a molecule, metal ( beta )-diketo complex (E), and 0.1-5 wt.% (meth)acryl polymer (F) containing group chosen from polydimethylsiloxane group, perfluoroalkyl group, perfluoroalkylene group, and 6-30C saturated hydrocarbon group, with respect to total amount of compound (A) and component (B) in the curable resin composition. The polymer (F) is (meth)acryl polymer (F1) containing group chosen from polydimethylsiloxane group, perfluoroalkyl group, perfluoro alkylene group, and 6-30C saturated hydrocarbon group, and group chosen from (meth)acryloyl group, epoxy group, and oxetane group, or (meth)acryl copolymer (F2) obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture containing monomer (F2a) containing group chosen from polydimethylsiloxane group, perfluoroalkyl group, perfluoro alkylene group, and (meth)acrylate monomer (F2b) containing epoxy group, and reacting carboxylic acid (F2c) containing 1 or more (meth)acryloyl groups in a molecule with the obtained polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The organic solar cell or organic optical sensor further comprises a semiconducting metal oxide as electron transport material which is sensitized with a light-absorbing material. The metal oxide is titanium dioxide (TiO2). The light-absorbing material is a ruthenium (Ru)(II) dye, a perylene dye, a naphtalenemonoimide dye, or a quinolinium dye. The light-absorbing material is a perovskite absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pi-conjugated system in A is formed by one or more aromatic and/or heteroaromatic groups; or the pi-conjugated system in A is formed by benzene. Preferred Definitions:    n=2;    R1-R4=independent of each other alkoxyphenyl groups; and    Z=H.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A portion of silicon oxynitride of gas-barrier layer is modified using polysilazane. The gas-barrier film further comprises smooth layer as intermediate layer. The metallic compound particles are chain-shaped or bead string-shaped colloidal silica particles, polyorganosiloxane particles and/or polyorgano silsesquioxane particles. Preferred Property: The thickness of the smooth layer is 1-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lamellar crystals are clays, zirconium phosphates, titanium phosphates, hafnium phosphates, silicon phosphates, germanium phosphates, tin(IV) phosphates, lead(IV) phosphates, niobates, titanates, organic crystals, graphites, graphenes and/or polyhydroxybutyric acids, preferably the lamellar crystals comprise alpha -zirconium phosphates. The nanosheet has a thickness of 0.5-5 nm and a diameter of 10 nm to 10 mu M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The functional groups are: alkyl groups, aryl groups, amine groups, amide groups, ester groups, epoxy groups, carbonyl groups, alcohol groups, urethanes, isocyanates and/or aminosilanes, preferably octadecyl isocyanate; and preferably hydrophobic, where the functional groups are appended to at least one surface of the lamellar crystals or at least one edge of the lamellar crystals, and the appended functional groups are further chemically reacted. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The tin salt is tin chloride, and the content of tin chloride is 15 wt.% in terms of tin chloride dihydrate. The indium(III) salt is indium(III) nitrate, and the content of indium(III) nitrate is 85 wt.% in terms of hydrated indium oxide of formula: In2O3.2.85H2O. The solvent is 2-methoxyethanol and/or water. The composition is free of hydrocarbons. Preferred Process: The formation of indium tin oxide involves spraying or casting the solution onto a substrate before heating, forming additional layers from solution to create an optoelectronic device, depositing a reflective metal contact onto a non-transparent substrate, and employing masks to pattern layers of different materials to form module comprising cells electrically connected in series, and the module is solar module. The mask is employed to pattern individual layers. The optoelectronic device is a solar cell. The mask is employed in conjunction with a flexible substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of cathode redox-active element at each valence state is adjusted by adding an oxidant or a reductant. The anode redox-active element is oxidized by exposing the anode redox-active element to an oxidizing agent comprising a solution of known concentrations of vanadium(IV)ion and vanadium(V)ion. The cathode redox-active element and the anode redox-active element comprise vanadium. The predetermined valence states (s1,s2) are vanadium(IV) ion. The cathode redox-active element or redox-active element is reduced to predetermined valence state using reducing agent chosen from diboranes, sugars, alcohols, organic acids, oils, hydrocarbons, tin(II)ion, ferrous ion, sulfites, phosphites, hypophosphites, phosphorous acid, metal hydrides, metals, and metal amalgams, preferably sulfites.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide-urea adduct, oxygen or ozone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The heterocyclic derivative (I) is manufactured by reacting compound (a1) with divalent group-containing compound (Ia), or compound (a1) with divalent group-containing compound (Ia) and heterocyclic compound (Ib). Preferred Process: The reaction is carried out in presence of base. The manufacture of heterocyclic derivative (I) further involves adding oxidizing agent, and selenium, sulfur or Lawesson's reagent. The manufacture of optoelectronic component involves applying the heterocyclic derivative (I) on a carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The active energy ray-curable composition further includes polymerizable monomer (D). The content of resin (A) is 4 mmol/g or more. The polyester resin (A) is obtained using aliphatic polyhydric alcohol and aliphatic or aromatic polybasic acid as main components, and has weight average molecular weight of 3000-20000. The polyester (meth)acrylate compound (B) contains polyester polyol (b1) having number average molecular weight of 500-6000, polyisocyanate compound (b2) and (meth)acrylate compound (b3) containing hydroxyl group as main components, and has (meth)acryloyl group content of 0.04-0.5 mmol/g and weight average molecular weight of 10000-50000. The weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is 20/80-80/20. The content of component (C) is 0.01-10 pts. wt. with respect to content of component (B). The ratio of total content of components (A) and(B) to component (D) is 90/10-30/70.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Metal nanowire is chosen from silver nanowire and copper nanowire. The carbon nanomaterial includes single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and/or graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Isocyanate-based compound is chosen from ethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate, cyclobutane-1,3-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate, 5-isocyanato-1-(isocyanatomethyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,4- hexahydrotoluene diisocyanate, 2,6-hexahydrotoluene diisocyanate, hexahydro-1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, hexahydro-1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, perhydro-2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, perhydro-4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-durol diisocyanate, 4,4'-stilbene diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-dimethylidine diisocyanate, toluene-2,4- diisocyanate, toluene-2,6-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-2,4'-diisocyanate, 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate, 2,2'-methylene diphenyldiisocyanate, 5,7-diisocyanato naphthalene-1,4-dione, isophorone diisocyanate, m-xylene diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-biphenylene diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine-4,4'-diisocyanate, triphenylmethane triisocyanate, diphenylmethane triisocyanate, butane-1,2,2'-triisocyanate and 2,4,4'-diphenylether triisocyanate. Pyrimidine-based compound is chosen from 2-amino-6-methyl-1H-pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-4-one, 2-amino-6-bromopyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, ethyl-2-amino-4-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylate, 2-amino-6-ethyl-4-hydroxypyrimidine, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine and 2-amino-5,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-one.
EXAMPLE - 1 g Hydrochloric acid salt of 2-((3E)-6-(ethylamino)-3-(ethylimino)-2,7-dimethyl-4,4a-dihydro-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoate and 20 mL ethanol were mixed in a round bottom flask provided with the stirring apparatus, and dissolved. Then, 1.1 g lithium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)boron (IV) and 4 mL 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid were added and reacted at 40 degrees C for 3 hours. The product was diluted with 40 mL methylene chloride and washed using ion-exchange water. Then, solvent was distilled off by vacuum concentration, to obtain 1.8 g 2-(4-((2-((3E)-6-(ethylamino)-3-(ethylimino)-2,7-dimethyl-4,4a-dihydro-3H-xanthen-9-yl)phenyl)carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol with yield of 86%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The transition metal compound preparation method comprises taking 1:1-1:20 mass ratio of 0.0133-0.08 mol/L transition metal salt comprising iron salt, cobalt salt, nickel salt, copper salt or manganese salt, and ligand comprising tryptophan, glutamic acid, lysine, melamine, 1,2,4-triazole or bipyridyl, dissolving in solvent comprising ethanol, deionized water or dimethylformamide, stirring, reacting, adding water, mixing, washing with ethanol, drying at 60-80 degrees C for 24 hours to obtain precursor, sintering under nitrogen atmosphere at 500-1000 degrees C for 2-6 hours, and cooling at rate of 2-5 degrees C/minute to room temperature. Preferred Component: The precursor is nitride compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acetone, ethyl alcohol or ammonia is used as cleaning solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of mineral salt and organic salt is 1:1-5:1. Alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal are contained as catalyst component separately from the active metal element. The catalyst component is supported on an inorganic support. The organic salt is supported after supporting the mineral salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The compound (B) is 3,4,3',4'-diepoxy bicyclohexyl compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of compound (B) is 5-40 wt.% with respect to total amount of resin (A) and compound (B) in the sheet-like composition. The sheet-like composition further contains curing retarder (D).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heterojunction region is a gallium nitride/aluminum gallium nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The linear expansion coefficient of the polymer film is 8 ppm or more. The polymer film is polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalate film, polyimide film or polycarbonate film. The linear expansion coefficient of the hard support material is more than -3 ppm/K and 12 ppm/K or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Average interlayer distance of electroconductive graphite is 0.335-0.336 nm. Ratio of peak intensity of D band with respect to peak intensity of G band of Raman spectrum of electroconductive graphite is 0.01-2. Average microcrystal size of electroconductive graphite is 5-1000 nm. Preferred Compositions: Amount of oxygen in electroconductive graphite is less than or equal to 10 wt.%. Preferred Processes: Solution plasma treatment involves applying pulse voltage with frequency of 100 Hz to 30 kHz between 2 electrodes with interelectrode distance of 0.01-20 mm in solution for 0.1-40 mu s and generating plasma in solution containing thin layer graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass-making feedstock is prepared such that the obtained silicate glass comprises 50-80 %mass silica, 5-25 %mass alumina, 0.1-20 %mass boria, 0-15 %mass magnesium oxide, 3-15 %mass calcium oxide, 0-15 %mass strontium oxide, 0-15 %mass barium oxide, 0-10 %mass zinc oxide, 0-10 %mass zirconia, 0.01-1.5 %mass tin oxide, and no alkali metal, and the total content of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, and barium oxide is 0-25 %mass, or 50-80 %mass silica, 12-30 %mass alumina, 1-6 %mass lithia, 0-5 %mass magnesium oxide, 0-10 %mass zinc oxide, 0-8 %mass barium oxide, 0-5 %mass sodium oxide, 0-10 %mass potassium oxide, 0-8 %mass titania, 0-7 %mass zirconia, 0-10 %mass phosphorus pentoxide, and 0.01-2 %mass tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The ratio (D60/D10) of 60% cumulative particle diameter and 10% cumulative particle diameter of tin oxide powder is 30 or less. The tin oxide powder has a sparse filling volume density of 0.3-0.8 g/ml, a tight packing volume density of 0.8-1.8 g/ml, a compression of 60% or less, and an aggregation degree of 60% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydroxy acid or polyhydric carboxylic acid is chosen from phthalic acid, salicylic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid, and has dielectric constant of 2-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filler (B) is silica filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further includes hydrogenated petroleum resin as tackifying resin (C), and has total light transmittance of 80% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass frit contains 35-65 mol% lead oxide, 3-18 mol% boron trioxide, 12-50 mol% silicon dioxide, 0.6-21 mol% lithium oxide, less than 22 mol% total of aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, bismuth oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, silver oxide, sulfur(IV) oxide, gallium oxide, and indium oxide. The glass frit has softening point of 660 degrees C or less. The molar ratio of lead and silicon is 0.7-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The n-type dopant is phosphorus-containing dopant chosen from phosphine and tris(trialkylsilyl)phosphane, arsenic-containing dopant chosen from arsine and triphenylarsine, and antimony-containing dopant including triphenylstibine. The p-type dopant is boron-containing dopant chosen from boron hydride, borane and triphenyl borane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dopant source includes sulfur, selenium, cadmium, germanium, silicon, carbon, tellurium and/or zinc. The chemical transport agent is hydrogen, water, iodine and/or hydrochloric acid. The dopant concentration of gallium arsenide thin-film is 1016-1019 cm-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ratio of number of hydrosilyl group in the crosslinking agent with respect to the number of alkenyl group in the crosslinked organopolysiloxane is 0.3-1.8. The crosslinked organopolysiloxane further includes siloxane unit (B) of formula: -(O1/2-Si(-R5)(-R6)-O1/2)-. The content of the siloxane unit (A) and siloxane unit (B) with respect to the sum total of the siloxane unit (A) and the siloxane unit (B) is 30-90 mol% and 80-100 mol%, respectively. The crosslinking agent further has aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group, and is of formula: (H-Si(-R7)(-R8)-L1)nAr1.R5,R6=R1;R7,R8=6C or less alkyl or H;L1=single bond or bivalent coupling group;n=2 or more;andAr1=n-valent aryl or heterocyclyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The co-solvent has a Hansen polarity parameter ( delta p) of 5.0-2 MPa1/2. Preferred Composition: The co-solvent is chosen from acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone and 1-propanol. The mass ratio of hydrocarbon solvent and the co-solvent is 10:1-1:2, preferably 3:1-1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The midblock sulfonated block copolymers are either linear or branched, having the general formula: A-B'-A, (A-B')n(A), (A-B'-A)n, (A-B'-A)nX, (A-B')nX , A-B'-D'-B'-A, A-D'-B'-D'-A, (A-D'-B')n(A'), (A-B'-D')n(A'), (A-B'-D')nX and/or(A-D'-B')nX. The midblock sulfonated block copolymer is preferably linear having structure of formula: A-B'-A, (A-B')2X, (A-B'-D')2X and (A-D'-B')2X, or is radial having structures (A-B')nX and (A-D'-B')nXn=2-30;X=coupling agent residue;A=non-sulfonated styrenic polymer end-block;B'=interior styrenic polymer block carrying sulfonyl groups and/or its derivatives;andD'=interior polymer block having a glass transition temperature of less than 20 degrees C.The polymer block A has an apparent average molar mass of 1000-60000, preferably 7000-20000, block D' has an apparent average molar mass of 1000-60000, preferably 5000-20000, and block B' has an apparent average molar mass of 10000-300000, preferably 19000-100000. A homogenizer, preferably a high shear homogenizer is used in the process of preparing an aqueous emulsion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The reinforced fiber has circular cross section with length-width ratio of 1000, preferably 2000 or more. Preferred Composition: The reinforced fiber is glass, carbon, ceramic and aramid, preferably glass fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The chain extender is reactive functional group-containing compound of formula: Y'1-A'-Y'1.A'=hydrocarbyl;andY'1=oxazinyl, oxazolinyl, oxazolinonyl, oxazinonyl, imidazolinyl, epoxy, isocyanato, maleimido or cyclic anhydride group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyamide polymer is chosen from polyamide 11/10T/6T, polyamide 10.10/10T/6T and polyamide 10.12/10T/6T. The content of amide unit (Z), amide unit (10T) and amide unit (6T) is 8-15 mol%, 60-65 mol% and 20-30 mol%, respectively. The polyamide prepolymer has 1-3 terminal groups chosen from amino group, carboxyl group and hydroxyl group. Preferred Properties: The reactive prepolymer has number average molecular weight of 500-10000, preferably 1000-6000. The glass transition temperature of polyamide is 90 degrees C or more, 100 degrees C or more or 120 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The fibrous reinforcement comprises long fibers, chosen from glass fiber, carbon fiber, ceramic fiber and aramid fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The extender is chosen from bis-oxazoline phenylene, preferably 1,3-phenylene bis(2-oxazoline) and 1,4-phenylene bis(2-oxazoline).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of amide unit (C) and amide unit (D) is 25 mol% or less and 70 mol% or less, respectively with respect to the amount of amide unit (B). The content of amide unit (A) is preferably 55-70 mol% with respect to all units of the polymer. The content of chain extender in semicrystalline thermoplastic polyamide polymer is 1-20 wt.%, preferably 5-20 wt.%. The semi-crystalline thermoplastic polyamide polymer has amide-containing repeating unit of formula: -O-C(=O)-P'-C(=O)-O-R'-NH-C(=O)-R-C(=O)-R-C(=O)-NH-R1.R=single bond, hydrocarbyl chain, or aliphatic group, cycloaliphatic group or aryl (all optionally substituted);R'=aliphatic hydrocarbyl, aliphatic group or aryl (all optionally substituted);andP'=polyamide prepolymer chain.Preferred Properties: The difference of melting point and crystallization temperature of thermoplastic matrix is 50 degrees C or less, preferably less than 30 degrees C. The composition has crystallization enthalpy as measured by differential scanning calorimetry based on ISO 11357-3, of more than 40 J/g, preferably more than 45 J/g. The component (a) has number-average molecular weight of 500-10000, preferably 1000-6000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A polycyclic compound of formula (5) is obtained by reacting heterocyclic compound of formula (3) and halogen-containing compound of formula (4) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The compound (5) is reacted with dione compound of formula (6) to produce polycyclic compound of formula (7). The resulting compound is reacted with aromatic compound of formula: T2-A-T3 (8) and aromatic compound of formula (9) to produce organic semiconductor compound (I).T1-T3=-Sn(R21)(R22)(R23);R21-R23=1-30C alkyl;andX1-X5=halo.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxygen flow rate is 500-2000 sccm. The flow rate of phosphorus oxychloride is 200-1800 sccm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic compound film contains metal oxide or metal nitride of silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, zirconium, zinc, tin and/or titanium. Preferred Method: The active energy ray is irradiated to composition before applying the hybrid type composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copper indium gallium selenide film composition includes a compound of general formula Cu(In1-xGa)(Se1-ySy)2 (I) as selenium substitute. The sulfur containing gas includes argon, helium or nitrogen.x and y=0-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst precursor is formed in reducible gas or inert gas atmosphere using the solution which contains tetrachlorobis(tetrahydrofuran) titanium (IV) as titanium-containing solution, and solution containing tris(dibenzylidene acetone)diplatinum is used as platinum-containing solution, and tetrahydrofuran is used as solvent. The manufacture of catalyst involves using solution which containing titanium bis(triethanolamine)diisopropoxide (Ti(O-i-C3H7)2(C6H14O3N)2) as titanium-containing solution, solution containing dipotassium hexahydroxyplatinate of formula: K2Pt(OH)6 as platinum-containing solution, and mixed solvent of water and isopropyl alcohol as solvent. The electroconductive support contains material of carbon material and metal material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polysilsesquioxane copolymer has weight average molecular weight of 2000-50000, dispersion degree of 1-5, and acid value of 50-150 mg potassium hydroxide/g. Preferred Composition: The polysilsesquioxane copolymer comprises 5-20 mol% polymeric repeating unit (I), 0-20 mol% polymeric repeating unit (II), 5-40 mol% polymeric repeating unit (III), 5-40 mol% polymeric repeating unit (IV), 5-40 mol% polymeric repeating unit (V) and 5-30 mol% polymeric repeating unit (VI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The bivalent metallic element is chosen from calcium and manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The phosphorus antioxidant is phosphate-type antioxidant. The addition amount of phenolic antioxidant is 1.8-9 mol/ton. The phenolic antioxidant is hindered phenolic antioxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester resin composition further comprises phosphorus-type antioxidant, sulfur-type antioxidant and phenolic antioxidant. The amount of terminal hydroxyl groups in polyester resin is 20 equivalent/ton or less. Preferred Properties: The polyester resin composition has intrinsic viscosity of 0.6-1 dl/g, and thermal decomposition weight reduction rate of 0.5 wt.% or less at 300 degrees C. The time required for strength retention of biaxially-oriented polyester film in dry-heat test at 180 degrees C for 450 hours or more is 50% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) are used in a mixture comprising at least one organic molecule and at least one luminescent emitter. (I) is used in a formulation containing at least one organic molecule, at least one solvent and optionally at least one a luminescent emitter. Preferred Method: In the production method of the optoelectronic component, (I) is applied to a carrier by wet-chemically method through evaporation in vacuum. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Use of 7 compounds is disclosed, e.g. 2,6-di(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)pyridine of formula (Ia), 10,10'-(phenylphosphoryl)bis(10H-phenothiazine), 2,6-di(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)pyridine, 10,10'-(phenylphosphoryl)bis(10H-phenoxazine) and 10-(6-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-10H-phenothiazine.    EXAMPLE - 12 g 1H-Phenothiazine and 2.52 g sodium hydride were dissolved in 200 ml dioxane, reacted and stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature and then heated for 15 minutes under reflux to obtain a clear yellow reaction mixture. 3.45 g 2,6-Difluoropyridine was added in a drop wise manner to the reaction mixture which was further heated for 30 minutes under reflux, allowed to cool to room temperature and quenched by addition of 10 ml water to obtain a reaction mixture. Then reaction mixture was poured into 800 ml saturated sodium chloride solution and the crude product was separated by suction to obtain a solid. The solid was washed with 400 ml water and dried under vacuum, then the resultant product was twice sublimed at 260 degrees C and then recrystallized from acetone to obtain 11.5 g2,6-di(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)pyridine with 81% yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable organopolysiloxane composition further comprises adhesion promoter (E) comprising 100 parts mass reaction mixture (e1) of an amino group-containing organoalkoxysilane and epoxy group-containing organoalkoxysilane, 10-800 parts mass organic compound (e2) comprising 2 or more alkoxysilyl groups comprising bonds other than silicon-oxygen bond among silyl groups, and epoxy group-containing silane (e3) of formula: R'anSi(OR'b)4-n (II) and 10-800 mass parts its partial hydrolysis-condensation product. The component (a1) is linear organopolysiloxane which bonds the alkoxysilyl-containing group (I) with silicon atom of both side chain and terminal of molecular chain. The alkoxysilyl-containing group (I) is of formula: -C2H4-Si(-CH3)2-O-Si(-CH3)2-C2H4-Si(OCH3)3 (III). The curable organopolysiloxane composition further comprises inorganic filler (F). The curable organopolysiloxane composition is two-component-type curable organopolysiloxane composition. The two-component-type curable organopolysiloxane composition comprises liquid component (I) comprising component (C) and component (D) and optionally component (a2), and liquid component (II) comprising component (A) and component (A).R'a=monovalent epoxy group-containing organic group;R'b=1-6C alkyl or H;andn=1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermally conductive filler has average particle diameter of 0.01-100 mu m. The filler is metal powder, metal oxide powder, metal nitride powder or carbon powder, preferably silver powder, aluminum powder, aluminum oxide powder, zinc oxide powder, aluminum-nitride powder or graphite. The filler is plate-shaped boron nitride powder (b1) having average particle diameter of 0.1-30 mu m, granular boron nitride powder (b2) having average particle diameter of 0.1-50 mu m, aluminum oxide powder (b3)of spherical shape and/or granular shape with average particle diameter of 0.01-50 mu m, or graphite (b4) having average particle diameter of 0.01-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkoxy silyl-containing group is preferably of formula (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The filtrate is coated to one side of a base material layer at predetermined thickness. The solvent in the filtrate coated to one surface of the base material layer is removed to obtain a heat conductive pressure-sensitive-adhesive layer. Subsequently, the filtrate is further coated to other side of the base material layer at the predetermined thickness, and solvent is removed to obtain a heat conductive pressure-sensitive-adhesive layer. Preferred Component: The composition (A) contains (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (A1), (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer (M1), polyfunctional monomer (B1) and heat conductive filler (C1). The sheet is obtained by polymerization of monomer (M1), or crosslinking reaction of the polymer containing the structural unit derived from polymer (A1) and/or monomer (M1). The prescribed mesh size of the mesh is 1000 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Definitions:    donor group=group chosen from groups of formulae (x)-(xiii).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 140 Benzotriazole derivatives are disclosed e.g. 10-(2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-5-yl)-10H-phenoxazine of formula (IA), 10-(2H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-2-yl)-10H-phenoxazine, 10-(4-phenyl-3,4,5-triazatricyclo(7.4.0.02,6)trideca-1(9),2,5,7,10,12-hexaen-8-yl)-10H-phenoxazine and 10-(8-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)-3,4,5-triazatricyclo(7.4.0.02,6)trideca-1(9),2,5,7,10,12-hexaen-4-yl)-10H-phenoxazine.    EXAMPLE - 1.45 mmol 5-bromo-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 0.03 mmol palladium acetate, 0.06 mmol tri-tert-butylphosphine, 2.9 mmol sodium t-butoxide and 10 ml toluene were added to 50 ml flask, resultant mixture was stirred at 10 degrees C, cooled, resultant mixture was added to water, extracted using ethyl acetate, resultant organic layer was dried using magnesium sulfate, concentrated by evaporation, resultant crude product was processed in column chromatography using mixture comprising dichloromethane and hexane in molar ratio of 1:15-1:5 and resultant product was purified using zone sublimation, to obtain 10-(2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-5-yl)-10H-phenoxazine with yield of 81.9%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composite molecular sieve comprises zeolite socony mobil-5 (ZSM-5), Y-zeolite, beta-zeolite, mobil crystalline material-22 (MCM-22), silicoaluminophosphate-34 (SAPO-34) or mordenite. The amount of the composite molecular sieve is 0.1-60 pts. wt. EXAMPLE - 100 g Water and 1 g 1-(trimethoxysilyl)propane-1,2,3-trithiol were added into a reactor and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Then 0.1 ml ammonium hydroxide was added slowly into the reactor and stirred for 5 hours at room temperature to obtain reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was dispersed in 50 ml ethanol, then aluminum hydroxide was added, stirred, filtered, washed with 50 ml ethanol and dried to obtain dried powder. The dried powder was dissolved in 100 ml water and then 20 g ZSM-5 molecular sieve powder (having silica and alumina molar ratio of 400) was added to obtain slurry. The slurry was heated at 70-80 degrees C and spray-dried to obtain molded product. The molded product was heated for 5 hours at 740 degrees C by sintering to obtain the organic-inorganic composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The protective gas is nitrogen or argon gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mass ratio of borohydride and metal catalyst is 5-12:1. The mass ratio of borohydride and acid catalyst is 5-12:1. The hydrolysis agent comprises sodium borohydride, cobalt chloride and citric acid at 0.25:0.03:0.04 ratio. It further comprises water-absorbing agent and bulking agent, where the mass ratio of borohydride and water-absorbing agent is 5-15:1 and the mass ratio of water-absorbing agent and bulking agent is 1-5:1. The water-absorbing agent is calcium chloride, activated coal, absorbent cotton and/or silica gel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by performing Knoevenagel condensation reaction of dialdehyde compound with precursor terminal, solvent and Knoevenagel catalyst. Preferred Component: The solvent is dichloromethane, trichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran. The catalyst is triethylamine and/or pyrazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The oxygen consumption coefficient of the catalyst under air circulation after reduction is 1x 10-7-1x 10-5 mol per 1 g catalyst/1 second at 100 degrees C. The catalyst component is supported after supporting 10-100 g heat-resistant oxide in 1 l honeycomb molding. Preferred Compounds: The heat-resistant oxide is alumina, silica, zirconia and/or ceria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The filaments are comprised with tantalum, tungsten or iridium. The filaments are comprised with a silicon dopant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Multiple solar energy batteries are made up of polycrystalline silicon, monocrystalline silicon and thin film silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first sub cell is formed of aluminum gallium indium phosphide, second sub cell is formed with indium gallium phosphide emitter layer and gallium arsenide base layer, third sub cell is formed of gallium arsenide and fourth sub cell is formed of indium gallium arsenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The structure comprises first and second wafers that are made of silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first and second structures are made of gallium arsenide and indium phosphide. The structure comprises first and second wafers that are made of crystalline silicate, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, aluminum gallium arsenide and indium gallium arsenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further involves adding a lubricant or a gas to the mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal contained in the metal dots is gold, silver, copper, indium, nickel, palladium and/or platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate has a plastic film, which is a polyester film. The metal dot substrate contains a binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene and 2,2-bis(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)hexafluoropropane is less than or equal to 10 mole%. The oxy, sulfone or fluoro-containing dianhydride-based monomer is 3,3',4,4'-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, oxydiphthalic anhydride or 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride. The oxy, sulfone or fluoro-containing diamine-based monomer is bis(aminophenoxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane, bis(aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane, bis(aminophenyl)sulfone, bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine, bis(aminohydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane, oxydianiline or bis(aminophenoxy)diphenyl sulfone. The multifunctional group-containing monomer is hexamethyl benzenehexacarboxylate, diethyl 4,4-azodibenzoate, trimethyl 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate or trimethyl 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin further comprises less than or equal to 2 mole% multifunctional group-containing monomer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filler is chosen from fumed-silica fine powder, precipitated silica fine powder, pyrogenic silica fine powder, fumed titanium oxide fine powder and quartz fine powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixture (A) further includes carbasilatrane derivative of formula (II). The component (B) is disila-alkane compound of formula (III). The component (C) is epoxy-group-containing trialkoxysilane of formula (IV).R1=alkyl or alkoxy;R2=group of formula: -R4-Si(-R6)-(-OR5)3-a or -R7-O-R8-;R4=alkylene or alkyleneoxy alkylene;R5=monovalent hydrocarbyl;R6=alkyl;R7=alkylene;R8=alkyl, alkenyl or acyl;a=0-2;R3=Rb;Rc=optionally substituted 2-20C alkylene;R'd=alkyl or alkoxyalkyl;Re=monovalent hydrocarbyl;b=0 or 1;Ra1=H or 1-10C alkyl;Ra2=1-10C alkylene or alkyleneoxy alkylene;andRb1=1-10C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains hydrosilylation reaction catalyst and/or condensation reaction catalyst, reinforcement filler and organopolysiloxane having alkoxy silyl group(s) of formula (V).Rf=monovalent hydrocarbyl which does not have aliphatic unsaturated bond;Rg=alkyl;Rh=alkylene;q=0-2;andp=1-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode active material further contains a spinel-type manganese positive electrode active material and negative electrode active material contains graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The lithium-transition metal composite oxide is provided with composition of lithium, nickel, manganese, cobalt, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tungsten, phosporous, aluminum, magnesium, vanadium, calcium, strontium and chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The dosage device is designed as a diaphragm and the selective oxidation and/or hydrolysis catalyst is a highly selective catalyst. The selective oxidation and/or hydrolysis catalytic converter is co-alloyed with elements, preferably platinum and palladium, rhodium and ruthenium, nickel, iron or copper chromite, and zinc chromite. A reformer (3) is arranged between the selective oxidation and/or hydrolysis catalytic converter and the fuel cell, such that the total oxygen required for the reformer is supplied via the dosing device. Preferred Method: The admixing is carried out at an ambient temperature. The temperature is measured by a temperature sensor after the selective oxidation- and/or hydrolysis catalytic converter, and using a control unit which acts on the dosing device, the oxygen supply is increased when the temperature falls below a lower threshold value and the oxygen supply is reduced when the temperature exceeds an upper threshold. The lower threshold is 200 degrees C and/or the upper threshold is 450 degrees C. The supplied amount of exhaust gas adjusted by the dosing device, is adjusted depending on the oxygen partial pressure of the supplied exhaust gas. The supplied amount of exhaust gas adjusted by the dosing device, is determined by depending on the speed and the characteristic curve of the blower of the exhaust-gas supply device, depending on fuel compositions- or volume flow detected by a sensor and the air ratio, and depending on current flow of the fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The polycrystal gallium nitride self-supporting substrate has defect density not more than 1x 102/cm2. The cross-sectional mean diameter of the gallium nitride group single-crystal particles in the outermost surface of the substrate is 10 mu m or more. The polycrystal gallium nitride self-supporting substrate has thickness of 20 mu m or more, and diameter more than 50.8 mm. Preferred Composition: The gallium nitride group single-crystal particles are doped with n-type dopant or p-type dopant. The gallium nitride group single-crystal particles do not contain dopant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation is given.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyamic acid is preferably of formula (2-2) or (2-3). The polyamic acid comprises 10 mol% or more repeating unit of formula (2-1'). The polyimide is preferably of formula (3-2), and comprises 10 mol% or more repeating unit of formula (3-1').n2,n3=n1. EXAMPLE - 151 g (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone and 1 L acetonitrile were added into 3-L separable flask in which dry-nitrogen substitution was carried out, and stirred at 5 degrees C. 207 g Trimellitic anhydride chloride, 78 g pyridine and 1 L acetonitrile solution were added and reacted. The solvent in the resultant reaction mixture was depressurizingly distilled at 50 degrees C, 1 L acetic acid was added, and stirred at 50 degrees C for 1 hour. The resistance material was filtered under reduced pressure, washed with 1 L acetic acid, the recovered solid was suspended in 300 mL acetic anhydride and 700 mL toluene, and heat-stirred at 135 degrees C. The resultant precipitate was cooled to room temperature, filtered under reduced pressure, dried and washed using toluene, to obtain 258 g (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(4-(oxycarbonyl-3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-3-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone dianhydride as yellow crystals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The substrate comprises plastic, glass, metal foil, timber or pulp.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The plastic material comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, nylon, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyetheretherketone and polyetherimide. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the coating layer is 0.01-500 mu m. The weight average molecular weight of silsesquioxane complex polymer is 1000-1000000. The difference in density of the coating compositions is 0.001 g/cm3 or more. Preferred Component: The coating layer is formed on both surfaces of the substrate. Preferred Definitions:    a=3-1000;and    b,d=1-500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin layer contains amorphous thermoplastic resin, and thermoplastic resin chosen from (meth)acrylic-type resin, cyclic olefin resin and maleimide-type resin, preferably (meth)acrylic-type resin. The content of the monomeric unit derived from methyl methacrylate in methacrylic resin is 92 %mass or more. The mass ratio of methacrylic resin (X) and carbonate-type resin (Y') is 91/9-99/1. The total content of methacrylic resin (X) and carbonate-type resin (Y') is 80-100 %mass. The thermoplastic resin layer contains 0.1-8 parts mass phenoxy type-resin (Z) with respect to 100 parts mass methacrylic resin (X). The total content of methacrylic resin (X) and phenoxy type-resin (Z) is 80-100 %mass. The multilayer film comprises non-expanded thermoplastic resin films. The exposed surface of thermoplastic resin layer contains microparticles. Preferred Properties: The thermoplastic resin layer has syndiotacticity of 3 lattice display of 50% or more and mass mean molecular weight of 80000-200000. The melt volume flow rate of carbonate-type resin (Y') is 130-250 cm3/10 minutes at 300 degrees C and load of 1.2 kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The rust preventive agent is boric acid, borate, silicic acid, silicate, phosphoric acid, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, molybdate, triazole, diazole, and/or thiazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The rust preventive agent is aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, aromatic monocarboxylic acid, aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, aromatic dicarboxylic acid, and/or their salts. Preferred Property: The cooling fluid composition has a dynamic viscosity of 2.5 mm2/second or less at 20 degrees C.
EXAMPLE - 17.2 mg Thiophene-2-boronic acid pinacol ester, 4.91 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), and 17.4 mg sodium carbonate were added to solution containing 27.6 mg 3-azido-1-(4-bromobenzene)sulfenyl-1,3,5- trideoxy-5-(triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl-(beta)-D-ribofuranose in a mixed solvent containing dimethylformamide and water. The obtained liquid mixture was heated at 80 degrees C for 1 hour, and cooled to room temperature. 0.5 mL Saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride was added to the mixture. The organic layer was extracted and dried with sodium sulfate. The dried product was concentrated in vacuum. The obtained crude product was purified by flash silica gel column chromatography, to obtain 3-azido-1-(4-(2'-thienyl)benzene)sulfenyl-1,3,5-trideoxy-5-(triisopropylsilyl)-ethynyl-(beta)-D-ribofuranose, with a yield of 78%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquid is 1,3-dioctyl hexafluorophosphate or 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Added amount of oleylamine is 5-100 times of total molar amount of platinum acetylacetonate and palladium acetylacetonate. Preferred Process: The hydrogenation of the nitro compound is carried out in the presence of a solvent at 30-100 degrees C under hydrogen pressure of 1 atmosphere, for 2-8 hours, using 0.2-1 mol% of the catalyst. The mass ratio of solvent and the reactant is 10:1-3:1. Preferred Components: The nitro-containing compound is nitrobenzene, p-chloronitrobenzene, p-nitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether or 1-nitro anthraquinone. Solvent is methanol, ethanol, toluene and/or dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas is nitrogen or argon. The cobalt salt is cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate or cobalt chloride hexahydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reflux reaction time is 4-8 hours. Preferred Components: The concentration of the cobalt salt in the ethanol is 2-4 mg/ml. The mol ratio of the cobalt salt and the nitrogen-containing organic ligand is 1:2. The total mass of the cobalt salt, the nitrogen-containing organic ligand and the carbon material is 100 wt.%. The amount of the carbon material is 50-60 wt.%. The nitrogen-containing organic ligand is phenanthroline, pyridine or bipyridine. The carbon material is graphene, ECP600JD type carbon black or carbon nanotube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The austenitic stainless steel comprises 0.01-0.5 %mass niobium and 0.01-0.5 %mass vanadium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The submicron oxide particles are made of a metal oxide such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) or tin oxide (SnO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and indium dioxide (InO2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal oxide comprises silver, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, copper, cobalt, nickel, chromium, tungsten, rhenium, tin, gold, and/or titanium. A non-porous metal coating comprising silver, platinum, copper, nickel, tungsten, gold, and/or titanium is alternately formed on the glass or glass ceramic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The zinc oxide base TCO film layer is selected from one of an aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) film layer, a gallium-dope zinc oxide (GZO) film layer, a boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO) film layer and an indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) film layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The support base material is a glass plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicone resin layer further contains silicone oil and solvent containing silicon atoms, preferably dialkyl polysiloxane. The total content of organopolysiloxane (A) and polysiloxane (B) in the curable resin composition used during the formation of silicone resin layer is 70-100 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The filtrate is coated to one side of the thermal interface material layer at predetermined thickness. The solvent in the filtrate coated to one surface of the thermal interface material layer is removed to obtain a heat conductive pressure-sensitive-adhesive layer. Subsequently, the filtrate is further coated to other side of the thermal interface material layer at the predetermined thickness, and solvent is removed to obtain a heat conductive pressure-sensitive-adhesive layer. Preferred Component: The composition (A) contains (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (A1), (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer (M1), polyfunctional monomer (B1) and heat conductive filler (C1). The sheet is obtained by polymerization of monomer (M1), or crosslinking reaction of the polymer containing the structural unit derived from polymer (A1) and/or monomer (M1). The prescribed mesh size of the mesh is 1000 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The basic catalyst is tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The aprotic solvent is toluene. The ketone solvent is methyl isobutyl ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Compound (I) is compound of formula (Ia). Compound (I) is compound of formula (Ib) or (Ic). Emitting layer contains compound (I) as host material in combination with phosphorescent emitter.X1=H or group of formula (X1a), (X1b), (X1c), or (X1d) or (X1e) or (X1f);X2=H or group of formula (X2a) or (X2b) or (X2c) or (X2d);X3=H or group of formula (X3a); andR21=H or group (X3a).Preparation: (Disclosed) Silyl-benzimidazolo(1,2-a)benzimidazole compound is obtained by combining triphenylsilane, benzimidazole compound, and phosphate compound in organic solvent, degassing with argon, extracting water phase, washing and drying organic phase, distilling to remove solvent, and filtering and washing product with organic solvent. Preferred Definitions:    X1=compound of formula (XX1);    X3=compound of formula (X2X) or (X3X); and    X2=compound of formula (X2a).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 16 Compounds (I) are disclosed, e.g. compound of formula (A-8), compound of formula (A-1), compound of formula (B-1), compound of formula (A-2), and compound of formula (A-3)    EXAMPLE - Triphenylsilane (4.77 g), 2-iodo-5-phenyl-benzimidazolo(1,2-a)benzimidazole (5 g), and potassium phosphate (5.19 g) in dimethylformamide (150 ml) were degassed with argon. Rhodium(ll) acetate (160 mg) was added, and reaction mixture was degassed with argon. Reaction mixture was stirred at 60 degrees C for 5 hours under argon. Reaction mixture was poured in water, and water phase was extracted with dichloromethane. Organic phase was washed with 1% potassium cyanide solution in water. Organic phase was dried with magnesium sulfate and then filtered. Solvent was distilled off. Product was filtered and washed with ethanol. Product was decocted with methyl ethyl ketone. Product (A-8) (5.55 g, 84% yield) was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Composition: The content of dispersion solvent in the ink is 30-60 wt.%. The ink further contains cellulose resin as an additive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersion solvent contains 20-80 wt.% terpene-type solvent and 20-80 wt.% glycol ester-type solvent. The aliphatic hydrocarbon amine contains aliphatic hydrocarbon monoamine (A) containing 6C or more aliphatic hydrocarbon group and 1 amino group, aliphatic hydrocarbon monoamine (B) containing 5C or less aliphatic hydrocarbon group and 1 amino group, and aliphatic hydrocarbon diamine (C) containing 8C or less aliphatic hydrocarbon group and 2 amino group. The aliphatic hydrocarbon monoamine (A) is linear alkyl monoamine containing 6-12C linear alkyl group, or branched alkyl monoamine containing 6-16C linear alkyl group. The aliphatic hydrocarbon monoamine (B) is 2-5C alkyl monoamine. The aliphatic hydrocarbon diamine (C) is alkylene diamine containing 2 primary amino groups and 1 tertiary amino group. The content of aliphatic hydrocarbon amine is 1-50 mol with respect to 1 mol of silver atoms of the silver nanoparticles. The silver compound is silver oxalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal salt is lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): The zwitterionic compound is obtained by reacting cyano-group containing imidazole of formula (IVa) and sultone compound of formula (V). Preferred Definitions:    A+=group of formula (II) or (III);    R1=H or 1-10C alkyl optionally having ether bond;    R2,R3=H, 1-10C alkyl or optionally substituted 6-20C aryl;and    R2+R3=ring.    EXAMPLE - 2.82 g sodium hydride and 40 ml dry tetrahydrofuran were added to a flask under nitrogen atmosphere, and stirred. 4 g Imidazole was added, and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. 11.5 g 7-Bromoheptanenitrile was added, heated and refluxed for 48 hours. Tetrahydrofuran was distilled off from the reaction liquid, and residue was dissolved in chloroform. Then, the filtrate was washed with purified water, and dried to produce 6.25 g 1-(6-cyano-hexyl)imidazole. 5.21 g Obtained compound and 15 ml chloroform were added to flask and stirred at 25 degrees C. 3.59 g 1,3-Propane sultone was added, stirred, concentrated, and crystals were deposited and filtered to produce 5.52 g 1-(6-cyanohexyl)imidazolium-3-(propyl sulfonate) with yield of 62.7%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The annealing process is performed on elongated resin film. The gas-barrier layer is layer obtained by carrying out modification process of layer containing polysilazane compound. Annealing process is carried out at 100-200 degrees C for 10 seconds to 1 hour. Manufacture process further involves winding resin film with the smoothing layer in roll shape and conveying in fixed direction, and drawing the resin film with the smoothing layer and conveying in fixed direction. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the resin film is 1-60 mu m. The thickness of the elongated gas-barrier laminated component is 5-100 mu m. The elongated gas-barrier laminated component has water-vapor-permeation rate of 0.1 g/(m2.day) or less at 40 degrees C and relative humidity of 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No Preparation method is given. Preferred Components: (I) comprises an emitting component of formula (II). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Compounds (I) are disclosed i.e. 3,5-dimethyl-1-(3-(3-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-platinum complex of formula (Ia), 9-(3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(pyridin-2-yloxy)-9H-carbazole-platinum complex, and 2-(3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)-9-(pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole-platinum complex.    EXAMPLE - Mixture of 2-(3-(3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)phenoxy)pyridine (1 mmol), potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) (0.41 mg), and acetic acid (35 ml) was refluxed for 3 days. The obtained mixture was then allowed to cool to room temperature. The resulting white complex was filtered off and washed with water, cold methanol, and diethyl ether, and dried under vacuum. The obtained product was then sublimed under vacuum over a four zone gradient of 220 degrees C, 190 degrees C, 150 degrees C, and 110 degrees C and collected to obtain 3,5-dimethyl-1-(3-(3-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-platinum complex (65% yield).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The conductor has high-refractive index layer provided on both surfaces of metal layer, and sulfuration prevention layers (5a) and (5b) provided between metal layer and zinc sulfide content layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of content of oxygen to aluminum at edge portion of film (4) is 1.3. The films (3) and (5) contain silicon oxide (SiOx). The ratio of content of oxygen to silicon in films (3) and (5) is 1.5. Preferred Properties: The thickness of films (3) and (5) is 50-150 nm, each respectively. The thickness of film (4) is 1-4 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The anchor-coat layer is made of thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin and/or photocurable resin. The overcoat layer is made of water-soluble polymer and/or alkoxysilane or its hydrolysis product. Preferred Property: The thickness of anchor-coat layer and overcoat layer is 1-10000 nm and 5-300 nm, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The plate-shaped inorganic particles have average length of 0.05-10 mu m, average width of 0.01-5 mu m, and average thickness of 5-20 nm. Preferred Process: The reduction process is performed in an atmosphere containing gas chosen from ammonia gas, carbon monoxide gas, and hydrogen gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method involves adding 0.01-1 M semiconductor quantum dots containing a cation of cadmium (Cd2+) soluble salt solution into water bath at 20-50 degrees C for 30-60 minutes, adding a solution containing a soluble salt lanthanum impurity atoms in cation solution, where the ratio of the lanthanum impurity atoms and the semiconductor quantum dot is 1:1-1:1000, placing 0.01-1 M semiconductor quantum dots containing a soluble sulfide ion (S2-) salt solution in a water bath at 20-50 degrees C for 30-60 minutes, adding 0.01-1 M semiconductor quantum dots containing a soluble selenide ion (Se2-) salt anion solution in water bath at 20-50 degrees C for 30-60 minutes, immersing wide band gap semiconductor light anode material in cation solution for 1-10 minutes, rinsing with appropriate solvent, drying with nitrogen, immersing light anode material in anion solution for 1-10 minutes, rinsing with the corresponding solvent, cleaning and drying with nitrogen, immersing light anode material in cation solution for 1-10 minutes, rinsing with the appropriate solvent, cleaning and drying with nitrogen, immersing the obtained anode material in anion solution for 1-60 minutes, rinsing with the appropriate solvent, drying with nitrogen, forming the anode material on the light cadmium-selenide and cadmium-selenide quantum dots lanthanum-doped quantum dot co-sensitizer layer. Preferred Components: The semiconductor quantum dot is cadmium sulfide or cadmium selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The organic layer includes hole injection layer, hole transport layer, light-emitting layer, electron transport layer, electron injection layer, functional layer having simultaneously hole injection and hole transport functions or functional layer having simultaneously electron injection and electron transport functions. The organic electrical device is an organic electroluminescent device provided with a first electrode, a second electrode and the organic layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, which are 2-(2-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl)naphtho(2,3-d)oxazole (Ia), 2-(3-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl)naphtho(2,3-d)oxazole and 2-(4-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl)naphtho(2,3-d)oxazole.    EXAMPLE - 0.159 g 3-Amino-2-naphthol, 0.306 g 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid and 0.190 g p-toluenesulfonic acid were dissolved in 30 ml toluene and reacted for 15 hours at 150 degrees C under nitrogen stream to obtain mixture. The mixture was separated as water layer and toluene layer using water. The toluene layer was collected separately, dissolved in chloroform and extracted using chloroform and ethyl acetate mixture in volume ratio of 5:1. The extracted product was recrystallized with chloroform and ethyl acetate in volume ratio of 5:2, dissolved in 10 ml dichloromethane to obtain solution. Then 2 ml hydrogen peroxide (30%) was added into the obtained solution in dropwise manner, reacted for overnight and separated using water to obtain 2-(2-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl)naphtho(2,3-d)oxazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The desulfurized complex iron solution comprises electrolyte, buffering agent, complexing agents and iron(II) salts. The iron(II) salts are ferrous sulfate, ferrous ammonium sulfate or ferrous chloride, and the concentration of iron(II) salts is 1-30 mmole/l. The electrolyte is sodium chloride or sodium sulfate, and concentration of the electrolyte is 0-0.3 mole/l. The buffering agent is sodium bicarbonate at concentration of 0.2 mole/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon material is selected from carbon paper, carbon fibers, carbon cloth or carbon felt. The complexing agent is amino carboxylic acid complex, EDTA or nitrilotriacetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The compound (I) is prepared by subjecting bromobenzene and 4,4'-bis(2-methylheptyl)diphenylamine to Buchwald-Hartwig reaction to give phenyl compound of formula (1), subjecting (1) to Vilsmeier-Haack hydroformylation reaction to give benzaldehyde compound of formula (2), reacting intermediate (2) and pyrrole under the action of indium chloride (InCl3) catalyst to prepare pyrrole compound of formula (3), subjecting compound (3) to bromination reaction to give bromopyrrole compound of formula (4), reacting with boron fluoride to give boron fluoride-containing compound of formula (5), and subjecting compound (5) and phenylboronic acid ester or furanylboronic acid to Suzuki coupling reaction to obtain the target product. Preferred Definitions:    Ar'=groups of formulae (iv)-(viii).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, i.e. compounds of formulae (Ia)-(Id).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The clay-graphite complex is sheet or film-like molded component. The clay comprises natural clay, modified clay, and synthetic clay. The graphite oxide is graphene oxide. The weight proportion of clay and graphite oxide is 1:99-99:1. The clay-graphite complex further comprises organic compound. The weight proportion of clay, and weight sum of graphite oxide and organic compound is 30:70-100:0. The laminate has two or more layers of sheet or film-like molded component in which the weight proportion of clay and graphite oxide differs are laminated. Preferred Properties: The sheet resistance value of clay-graphite complex is 0.01 ( Omega )/sq to 100000 k( Omega )/sq. The variation in sheet resistance value of the clay-graphite complex is 50-150% from an arithmetic mean value. The clay-graphite complex has electromagnetic wave shielding performance of 10-100 dB over 0.1kHz-50 GHz. Preferred Process: The clay-graphite-oxide complex is dispersed in the liquid phase. The graphite oxide is obtained by oxidation-treating graphite by liquid phase. The clay-graphite-oxide complex is a sheet or film-like molded component which is formed by drying dispersion liquid containing clay-graphite-oxide complex coated to substrate or drying pouring dispersion liquid containing clay-graphite-oxide complex which is poured into casting mold, or coating film obtained by spraying and coating dispersion liquid containing clay-graphite-oxide complex, and drying obtained product. During manufacture of clay-graphite complex, the reduction process is performed by heating, light, or non-aqueous reduction liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anode is comprised of a conductive material selected from the group consisting of gold, carbon, platinum, ruthenium dioxide and palladium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of alkali metal compound, metallic copper, binary solid solution of antimony sulfide and elemental sulfur is 0.5-1:2.0-3:0.51:2-2.5. The alkali metal compound is hydroxide, carbonate or chloride of potassium, lead and/or cesium. The molar ratio of hydrazine hydrate and polyethylene glycol is 1-2:2.5-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent used in manufacture of polyimide powder is amide-type solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reaction gas is silane, hydrogen, borane, and phosphine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The gas-barrier layer contains inorganic oxide, inorganic oxynitride, inorganic oxycarbide, or inorganic oxycarbonitride. Preferred Property: The gas-barrier layer has a thickness of 10 mu m to 10 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The optical-adjusting layer is a cured material of a curable composition containing hardenable component and filler. Preferred Properties: The optical-adjusting layer has a thickness of 5-2500 nm. The optical film thickness (T) of optical-adjusting layer is 760-2000, which satisfies the relation: 121.43x-100 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 115.43x-37.33 (I), where x is 1-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The light absorption layer contains carbon. The ink contains thiol organic substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic fine particles are colloidal silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The electroconductive nanofiber has ratio of average particle diameter with respect to average length of 0.01 or less. The electroconductive nanofiber has average diameter of 0.5-100 nm, and average length of 1-100 mu m. The transparent conductive layer has total light transmittance of 85-100%, haze of 3% or less and surface resistance of 5-500 ( Omega )/square. Preferred Composition: The electroconductive nanofiber is silver nanowire or carbon nanotube. The content of silver nanowire in the transparent conductive layer is 5-98.8 wt.%. Preferred Process: The transparent conductive layer is acid or base patterned.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate used is transparent glass based on sodium-calcium or borosilicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thin film has a thickness of 400 nm. Preferred Components: The thin film is formed using lead acetate, butyl titanate, butyl zirconate, and chromic nitrate, and solvent comprising acetic acid and ethylene glycol methyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The shell portion contains metal of platinum and platinum alloy, and the core portion contains metal chosen from palladium, palladium alloy, platinum alloy, gold, nickel, and nickel alloy. The shell portion comprises metal raw material including platinum chloride, and covers one or more portions of surface of core portion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Manufacture of catalyst involves forming liquid including ultrapure water, reducing agent, and an electrode catalyst precursor using chlorine-species-containing material and which has chlorine species concentration as measured by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis which is equal to or more than preset chlorine species (S1) concentration which is held for preset holding time at 10-60 degrees C. During manufacture of catalyst, the dispersion liquid is dried, ultrapure water is added to the obtained liquid, and liquid (HH) and liquid (KK) in which the catalyst precursor is dispersed to the ultrapure water, and the catalyst precursor is filtrate-washed using an ultrapure water, is prepared, and the liquid (KK) is dried, and in which the setting value is 100 mu S/cm or less. Manufacture of catalyst involves using material including chlorine species, adding catalyst precursor in which the concentration of chlorine species (S1) is more than the concentration of chlorine species (S2), to ultrapure water, measured by fluorescence-X-ray analysis. Preferred Composition: The concentration of chlorine species is 6000 ppm. The reducing agent is chosen from organic acid and organic acid salt, and becomes from formic acid, sodium formate, oxalic acid and sodium oxalate, or carbonic acid, sodium carbonate, thiosulfuric acid, sodium thiosulfate and hydrogen sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbonaceous material contains carbonyl group. The carbonaceous material is infusible carbonaceous material and/or fibrous infusible carbonaceous material. The organometallic reagent is Grignard reagent, preferably alkyl Grignard reagent. Preferred Process: After mixing process, heat-processing of mixed material is carried out at 150-500 degrees C. Before mixing process, carbonaceous material is insolubilized to obtain infusible carbonaceous material. Before the infusible process, fibrous carbonaceous material is obtained by spinning process using pitch carbonaceous material.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 15 Polycyclic aromatic compounds e.g. pentacyclo(12.8.0.02,11.04,10.015,20)docosa-1(14),2(11),3,5,7,9,12,15(20),16,18,21-undecaene of formula (IX), 7-heptylpentacyclo(12.8.0.02,11.04,10.015,20)docosa-1(14),2(11),3,5,7,9,12,15(20),16,18,21-undecaene, 14-thiatetracyclo(8.7.0.02,8.011,15)heptadeca-1(10),2,4,6,8,11(15),12,16-octaene, pentacyclo(12.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,21)docosa-1(14),2(11),3,5,7,9,12,15,17,19,21-undecaene, and pentacyclo(12.8.0.02,11.04,10.015,21)docosa-1(14),2(11),3,5,7,9,12,15,17,19,21-undecaene are disclosed.    EXAMPLE - 93 mg 2-(Azulen-2-yl)-1-((E)-2-methoxyethenyl)naphthalene, 9.8 mg bismuth(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate, and 3 mL 1,2-dichloroethane were added to a flask in argon atmosphere, to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture was stirred at 25 degrees C for 3 hours. The solvent was distilled off from the mixture, to obtain pentacyclo(12.8.0.02,11.04,10.015,20)docosa-1(14),2(11),3,5,7,9,12,15(20),16,18,21-undecaene as green solid, with a yield of 99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The anaerobic reactor is comprises gas production zone, fresh water zone, organic wastewater zone, and sludge zone. The gas production zone, fresh water zone, organic wastewater zone, and sludge zone are opened with a switch valve. The anaerobic reactor is batch type anaerobic reactor. The microbial fuel cell is provided with an external battery to store electricity produced. A voltage regulator is also provided with the battery. The device also comprises a sludge pump to pump anaerobic sludge into the reaction chamber. The sludge zone comprises anaerobic microorganisms. The anaerobic sludge concentration in the anaerobic reactor is 3-4.5 g/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Component: The aromatic sulfonium salt compound is preferably of formula (II).Y'=1-18C alkyl or 7-20C arylalkyl. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of compound (C) with respect to compound (D) is more than 70/30. The molar ratio of 2H,3H-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxin-2-ylmethanol with respect to 2H,3H,4H-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxepin-3-ol is more than 70/30.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The thiophene copolymer is manufactured by polymerizing thiophene monomer composition in the presence of an oxidizing agent in water or an alcohol solvent. Preferred Property: The thiophene copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of 1000-1 million with respect to conversion of polystyrene sulfonate. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of structural unit (A) with respect to structural unit (B) is more than 70/30. EXAMPLE - 19 g Thiophene monomer composition and 285 g water were added to a separable flask, to obtain a mixture. 5.6 g Anhydrous iron(III) chloride was added to the obtained mixture, and stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature. A mixed solution containing 27.39 g sodium persulfate was dripped into the reaction liquid at 30 degrees C or less. The reacted liquid was dripped into 1.6 kg acetone, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The resultant mixture was filtered and vacuum-dried, to obtain thiophene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises regulating flow quantity of nitrogen through the variable flow meter, setting little nitrogen flow preset initial value as ni, and setting little nitrogen flow rate final value as nf, little nitrogen flow rate Q is formula as given in the specification, where T is first preset time. The method comprises regulating flow quantity of nitrogen through the variable flow meter to 0.0000-50.0000 slm. The first preset temperature is 750-900 degrees C. The first preset time is 1-180 minutes. The second preset temperature is 800-900 degrees C. The second preset time is 1-180 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The particle size of aluminum oxide nanoparticles is 50 nm. Preferred Composition: The concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 0.2 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zinc salt is zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate or zinc acetate. The iron salt is ferric nitrate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride or ammonium sulfate. The combustion aid is ammonium nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic fuel is citric acid, glycine or urea. The solvent is deionized water, ethanol, propanol or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The polishing liquid is oxidizing polishing liquid having oxidation-reduction potential from Ehmin to Ehmax measured using formula: Ehmin(mV)=-27.2pH+738.4 and Ehmax(mV)=-84pH+1481, and pH value of 0.12-5.7. Preferred Composition: The oxidizing polishing liquid comprises potassium permanganate or potassium thiosulfate as an oxidation-reduction potential regulator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The abrasive grain free-type polishing pad is hard polyurethane foam resin and abrasive grain is loose abrasive contained in polishing liquid supplied to the polishing pad. The abrasive grain fixed-type polishing pad has base material resin which has independent stoma or communication stoma, and abrasive grain is accommodated in base material resin in the state in which portion adhered in independent stoma formed in the base material resin, or communication stoma, or one portion separated from the base material resin. The mother agent resin of the abrasive grain fixed-type polishing pad is epoxy resin or polyether sulfone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin film is resin film containing UV-absorber. The gas-barrier laminated component further consists of hard-coat layer. The gas-barrier laminated component has laminated constitution of hard-coat layer/base material/smoothing layer/gas barrier layer. Preferred Properties: The largest cross-section height of roughness curve arithmetic mean roughness of interface with the gas barrier layer of leveling layer is 5-100 nm. The thickness (T1-T3) of base material, leveling layer and gas barrier layer is 0.5-3 mu m, 5-28 mu m and 0.05-0.3 mu m, respectively. The thickness of the gas-barrier laminated component is 5-35 mu m. The gas-barrier laminated component has water vapor permeation rate of 0.05 g/(m2.day) or less at 40 degrees C and 90% relative humidity. Preferred Process: The gas barrier layer is obtained by carrying out modification process of layer containing polysilazane compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The metal chelate compound contains aluminum metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer dispersing agent (A) has a repeating unit which has a hydroxyl group shown by Formula (3).A2=a bivalent coupling group or single bond; andR2=an alkyl group or hydrogen atom which may have a substituent.The average molecular weight of the polymer dispersing agent (A) is 15000-100000. The composition further comprises a derivative (D) selected from a group which consists of organic dye derivative which has an acidic functional group, and a triazine derivative which has an acidic functional group; a solvent (E); binder resin (F); and an active material (G) selected from a group which consists of a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The separated layer contains added metal salt having affinity to acidic gas. The metal salt is 1 or more type of metal acetate chosen from lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, nickel, iron and aluminum, nitrate, carbonate, borate and phosphate. The inorganic porous support has 4-200 nm micropore. The distance to which the tetraalkoxy silane or hydrocarbon group containing trialkoxysilane permeates from the surface into a depth direction of the support is 50 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The silica particle conjugate is single structure obtained by sintering reaction of colloidal silica. The hydrocarbon group containing polysiloxane mesh structure is a composite structure obtained by sol-gel reaction of tetraalkoxy silane and hydrocarbon group containing trialkoxysilane. The tetraalkoxy silane is tetramethoxysilane or tetraethoxysilane. A 1-6C alkyl or phenyl group bonds the hydrocarbon group containing trialkoxysilane with silicon atom of trimethoxysilane or triethoxysilane. The estimated fabric weight of the intermediate layer and separated layer is 0.1-3 mg/cm2, and 0.1-4 mg/cm2, respectively. Preferred Process: The coating of liquid mixture (I) and formation of intermediate layer, and, and coating of liquid mixture (II) and formation of separated layer are repeated for multiple times.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer (2a) further contains aluminum, silicon, gallium, tin, indium, aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, tin oxide and/or indium oxide. The layer (2b) further contains silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. The layer (2a) has a coexistence phase of zinc oxide-silicon dioxide-aluminum oxide. The layer (2b) has a coexistence phase of zinc sulfide-silicon dioxide. The layer (2a) contains 10-40 atomic% zinc, 5-20 atomic% silicon, 0.5-4 atomic% aluminum, and 50-70 atomic% oxygen, when measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The layer (2b) contains 25-45 atomic% silicon and 55-75 atomic% oxygen, when measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The gas-barrier film further consists of an undercoat layer containing polyurethane compound having aromatic ring structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-accepting compound is fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The polymer compound further comprises functional group-containing repeating unit of formula: -Q- (III).Q=6-60C arylene, divalent 4-60C heterocyclyl, alkenylene or alkynylene (all optionally substituted).Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of the polymer compound is 3000 or more. EXAMPLE - 265 mg 4,11-dibromo-8,8-didodecyl-3,12-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.02,6)dodeca-1(9),2(6),4,10-tetraen-7-one, 104 mg 4,7-dibromo-5-fluoro-6-(octyloxy)-2H-1,3,2-benzodithiazole and 8.2 mg 4,7-dibromo-5,6-bis(octyloxy)-2H-1,3,2-benzodithiazole were added to 100 ml flask in argon protective atmosphere, 7 ml dehydrated chlorobenzene and 83.1 mg tris(2-tolyl)phosphine were added, resultant mixture was reacted for 30 minutes, 16.7 mg tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium in chlorobenzene solution was added, reacted, 2,5-bis(tributylstannyl)-1,2,5-thiadiazole was dripped, reacted at 105 degrees C for 3 hours and 120 degrees C for 3 hours, respectively. The resultant mixture was cooled to room temperature, reaction liquid was added to mixed solution comprising 200 ml methanol and 20 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid, filtered, resultant filter cake was cleaned, extracted using mixture comprising acetone and hexane, resultant product was dissolved in 13 ml ortho-di chlorobenzene, processed using alumina/silica gel column, resultant product was added to methanol, filtered and dried, to obtain polymer compound of formula (IA) having number average molecular weight of 3x 104.    a=100;and    b,c=50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nanocrystal is connected through inorganic ligand derived from the metal complex.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic molecule is chosen from ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene and 1-eicosene. The metal complex is chosen from hemoglobin, myoglobin, chlorophyll, bleomycin, vitamin-B 12, molybdenum hemocyanin, and ferredoxin. The metal complex contains metal ion chosen from sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, manganese, cobalt, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, palladium and platinum, and ligand chosen from carbonate, nitrate, ammonia, primary amine of formula: RNH2, carboxylic acid of formula: RCOO-, oxide of formula: RO-, alcohol of formula: ROH, amine of formula: N2H4, phosphate of formula: PO43-, ROPO32- or (RO)2PO2-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide powder comprises 20-70 wt.% selenium powder, 1-30 wt.% tellurium powder and 5-10 wt.% bismuth powder. The total content of selenium and lead in the metal oxide powder is 60-70 wt.%. The paste composition comprises 70-90 wt.% conductive powder, 0.7-9 wt.% metal oxide powder, 3.5-18 wt.% organic medium, and 0.7-4.5 wt.% additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hardening agent is chosen from Lewis' acid containing boron fluoride, imidazole and tertiary amine. Preferred Process: The electroconductive paste is heat-hardened at 80-300 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin composition is chosen from phenol aralkyl-type, biphenyl hybrid mixed-type, naphthalene-type, cresol-novolak-type, and dicyclopentadiene-type as thermosetting resin composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent (S2) further contains methyl-ethyl ketone and isopropanol. The content of ethylene glycol is 11 %mass or less with respect to 100 %mass liquid components in liquid composition. The content of isopropanol is 5 %mass or less with respect to 100 %mass liquid components in liquid composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Polyfluoroalkyl alcohol derivative of formula: C3F7O(CF(CF3)CF2O)mCF(CF3)R1OH (2) and silane derivative of formula: R4R2Si(OR3)3 (3) are reacted to obtain polyfluoroalkyl polymer (I).R3=1-3C alkyl;andR4=isocyanato.Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of polyfluoroalkyl alcohol derivative (2) and silane derivative (3) is 99-1:1-99. EXAMPLE - 40 g Polyfluoroalkyl alcohol derivative, 0.02 g triethylamine, 10.9 g silane derivative and basic catalyst were added to reactor provided with stirrer and temperature control unit, stirred, and heated at 70 degrees C for 17 hours to obtain polyfluoroalkyl polymer of formula: C3F7O(CF(CF3)CF2O)4CF(CF3)CH2OCONH(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3 with yield of 99.8%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (b) is carried out at 450-550 degrees C under gas atmosphere of hydrogen or nitrogen. Preferred Components: The zinc oxide-aluminum-silver precursor solution includes aluminum in molar ratio of 10-50, silver in molar ratio of 0.3-10. The silicon wafer is n-type silicon wafer, has thickness of 1-600 mu m or 1-200 nm and effective carrier life of 1-3x 10-4 second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of structural unit (I) is 0.01-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass polymeric functional film. The composition (A) contains 1-85 parts mass styrene-type monomer (A), 10-100 parts mass crosslinking agent and 0.01-10 parts mass chain transfer agent. The composition further contains a polymerization initiator of formula (I-1) or (I-2), and a solvent, which is water or water-soluble solvent. The polymeric functional film has a film-form support with synthetic woven or nonwoven fabric, spongy film or fine through-hole. The polymerization hardening reaction is performed by heating and/or energy-beam irradiation.R7-R9=H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or aryloxy;R8+R9=ring;R10=alkyl, aryl, alkylthio or arylthio;R11=alkyl, aryl, alkylthio, arylthio or acyl;andR12=alkyl or aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The zinc compound is zinc bromide or zinc chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iron catalyst is iron salt or iron complex. The iron complex contains phosphine compound or nitrogen bi-dentate ligand. The phosphine compound is cis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene. The oxidizing agent is 1,2-dichloroisobutane. Preferred Process: The method further involves adding alkyl lithium compound to organic boron compound and forming salt containing boronate anion. Preferred Definitions:    X=carbon atom;    Y'==O;and    R4=n-butyl, s-butyl or t-butyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal includes chromium (II), chromium (III), manganese (II), manganese (III), iron (II), iron (III), cobalt (II), cobalt (III), nickel (II), copper (I), copper (II), zinc (II) and cadmium (II).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous metal and organic material reaction complexes are coated on the surface of the carbon paper for fuel cells. The porous metal and organic material reaction complexes have porosity with an average pore diameter of 5-100 A mm. The surface coating thickness of the porous metal and organic material reaction complexes is 10-500 mu m. Preferred Method: In the step (a), the mixture includes 0.1-300 mmol metal compound, 0.1-300 mmol organic material and 1 ml/l water; the molar ratio of metal compound to organic material is 1:1-1:20. EXAMPLE - 300 mg Zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 126 mg terephthalic acid with 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid were dissolved in a solvent of 15 ml diethyl fomamide and 20 mu l water. TGP-H-120 (RTM: Carbon fiber composite carbon paper) was sealed and placed in an oven. The reaction was carried out at 110 degrees C for 24 hours by placing metal-organic porous material on the carbon paper, and then MOF-5 (zinc and terephthalic acid reaction complex) was grown to obtain the carbon paper for fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of aluminum intermetallic compound catalyst comprises taking aluminum-containing metal organic precursor as a reducing agent and transition metal salt, metal source, reflux reacting in organic solvent under anhydrous anaerobic conditions, then calcining in an inert atmosphere, at 400-1000 degrees C, where the aluminum-containing metal organic precursor is lithium aluminum hydride, triethylaluminum, aluminum chloride, aluminum sec-butoxide, aluminum isopropoxide and/or trimethylaluminum; the transition metal salt is nickel chloride, ferric chloride, cobalt chloride molybdenum chloride, tungsten chloride, potassium chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium trichloride and/or potassium chloropalladate, and the organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, mesitylene or anhydrous ether. Preferred Method: The calcination temperature is 600-800 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is metal substrate comprising nickel, copper, rubidium, ruthenium, gold, platinum, iron, cobalt, niobium, iridium, titanium, thallium, tungsten, vanadium or alloy. The protective gas is nitrogen, argon, helium, krypton, xenon or radon. Preferred Method: The heating temperature is 800-4000 degrees C. The reaction time is 3 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonaceous waste is organic waste comprising waste paper, crackers, leaves, insects, feathers or fecal matter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The dithieno-indaceno-based adenosine deaminase-conjugated molecule (I) is prepared by adding secondary thiophene substituted with R1, indaceno trimethyltin compound substituted with R2 and R3, and five-membered aromatic heterocyclic oligomer compound comprising electron withdrawing group to a reactor, adding toluene solvent and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium catalyst, reacting in inert gas atmosphere with stirring at 100-120 degrees C,adding aqueous potassium fluoride, extracting, drying the extract, filtering, spin-drying the filtrate, obtaining solid, and analyzing using column chromatography. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium catalyst and total of secondary thiophene and indaceno trimethyltin compound is 1:10-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass preferably comprises 50-70 %mass silica, 0-15 %mass alumina, 15-30 %mass boron trioxide, 0-3 %mass total of lithium oxide, sodium oxide and potassium oxide, and 0-8 %mass total of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide. The difference of content of boron trioxide and total amount of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide is 5 %mass or more. The mass ratio of total of strontium oxide and barium oxide with respect to the total of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide is 1 or less. The content of boron trioxide in the glass is more than the content of alumina. Preferred Properties: The glass has thermal expansion coefficient at 30-380 degrees C of (25-40)x 10-7/ degrees C, density of 2.4 g/cm3 or less, strain point of 610 degrees C or less, and Young's modulus of 66 GPa or less. The glass has liquid phase viscosity of 105 dPa.second or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photocatalyst particles used in manufacture of glass is titanium oxide particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The low pressure chemical vapor deposition is performed using zinc oxide source gas comprising diethylzinc and hydrogen-oxide and using B-containing doping gas comprising diborane. The transparent conductive oxide layer comprises an aluminum-gallium-doped-zinc-oxide thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dielectric layer comprises a group consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and hafnium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The gold fine particles are gold nanoparticles or gold cluster having diameter of 10 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The pair of side plates is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The composition further consists of mixture of non-equilibrium molecular glass and crystallizable molecule. The molecular glass mixture is solvent-coatable or vacuum-coatable non-crystallizable mixture, and is soluble in solvent chosen from water, acetone, 1-butanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, isopropyl acetate, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetic acid and xylene. The components of the molecular glass mixture are isomeric. Preferred Definitions:    at least one of R1,R2,R3,Z1,Z2=electron-transport and/or hole-transport moiety, electron-transport moiety, fluorescent moiety, phosphorescent moiety or thermally-assisted delayed fluorescence moiety.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The solder layer is alternately formed from tin-indium-type alloy containing 10-55 wt.% indium. The solder layer further contains 0.3-0.7 wt.% copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The manufacture of microporous plastic film involves coating diluents to surface(s) of sheet with several rollers. The coating flow volume of the diluent is 5x 10-3 L/m2 to 30x 10-3 L/m2. The stretching of sheet is carried out using temperature rising roller and nip roller which covers rubber on the surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coating layer has a layer containing carbon or inorganic substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of structural unit (I) is 0.01-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass polymeric functional film. The composition (A) contains 1-85 parts mass styrene-type monomer (A), 10-100 parts mass crosslinking agent and 0.01-10 parts mass chain transfer agent. The composition further contains a polymerization initiator of formula (I-1) or (I-2), and a solvent, which is water or water-soluble solvent. The polymeric functional film has a film-form support with synthetic woven or non-woven fabric, spongy film or fine through-hole. The polymerization hardening reaction is performed by heating and/or energy-beam irradiation.R7-R9=H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or aryloxy;R8+R9=ring;R10=alkyl, aryl, alkylthio or arylthio;R11=alkyl, aryl, alkylthio, arylthio or acyl;andR12=alkyl or aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Element (A) includes aluminum, indium, gallium, magnesium, calcium, germanium and boron. The active energy ray is vacuum ultraviolet ray. Preferred Layer: The gas-barrier film further has a gas-barrier layer (a) formed by vapor deposition method. The gas-barrier layer (a) is formed between the base material and the coating film layer. Preferred Property: The thickness of the base material is 125 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The process gas comprises fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and comprises one or more halogen elements selected from the group which consists of iodine pentafluoride, iodine hexafluoride, bromine trifluoride, pentafluorinated bromine, xenon difluoride, and chlorine trifluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reactive group is ethylenic carbon-carbon double bond-containing group, carbon-carbon triple bond-containing group, oxiranyl group and/or oxetanyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The block copolymer comprises poly((meth)acrylate) block containing (meth)acrylate unit, and polystyryl derivative block containing styryl derivative unit. The block copolymer is a diblock polymer or a triblock polymer. The composition further comprises reaction accelerator or crosslinking compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cationic curable silicone resin has a silsesquioxane unit of formula (R1aSiO3/2) (I) in a proportion of not less than 50 mole%, and further comprises siloxane unit of formula (R1aSiO(OR2a)) (II) which has a molar ratio of the silsesquioxane unit relative to the unit (II) of not less than 5. The silsesquioxane unit comprises siloxane unit of formula (R3aSiO3/2) or (R4aSiO3/2). The cationic curable silicone resin has a molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight/number average molecular weight) of 1-3. The leveling agent: comprises at least one of a silicone-series leveling agent and a fluorine-containing leveling agent; has at least one of a reactive group to an epoxy group, and a hydrolytically condensable group; is present at 0.1-10 (preferably 0.5-5) pts. wt. relative to 100 pts. wt. of the cationic curable silicone resin; and comprises a silicone-series leveling agent having a hydroxy group. The shaped product comprises the hard-coat layer alone and has an average thickness of 10-200 mu m, further comprises a transparent substrate layer, where the transparent layer has a side provided with the hard-coat layer, is produced by a roll-to-roll system, and comprises the hard-coat layer and a three-dimensional base.R1a = epoxy, H or hydrocarbyl;R2a = H or 1-4C alkyl;R3a = alicyclic epoxy; andR4a = aryl (optionally substituted). EXAMPLE - Typical curable composition comprised of: 100 pts. wt. cationic curable silicone resin (comprising 39.79 g (2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl)trimethoxysilane, 1.69 g phenyltrimethoxysilane, 165.9 g acetone, 4.7 g aqueous solution of potassium carbonate and 30.6 g water); 1 pts. wt. Silclean3700 (RTM: Hydroxy group-containing silicone-modified acrylic resin); and 1 pts. wt. CPI-300PG (RTM: Photoacid generator, a solution of triarylsulfonium fluoroalkylfluorophosphate in propylene glycol methyl ether acetate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anionic components are carbonate ion and/or phosphate ion. The calcium carbonate and/or calcium phosphate are obtained by solubilization salt reaction method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further involves mixing cellulose derivative with calcium carbonate and/or calcium phosphate. Preferred Components: The cellulose derivative is a cellulose derivative which has a carboxyl group. The non-cellulose organic polymer contains polycarboxylic acid-type organic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polymer is manufactured by introducing a reactive group into the benzothiazole derivative, and polymerizing. Preferred Component: The structural unit (a) is preferably of formulae (II)-(IV), and contains optionally substituted 4C or more alkyl group.Ar4,Ar5=arylene, heteroarylenyl, or coupling group containing arylene or heteroarylenyl (both optionally substituted);Ar3'=aryl or heteroaryl (both optionally substituted);D',D1,D2=donor coupling group;m,m1,m2=0 or 1;andn,n1,n2=repeating unit number.Preferred Process: Manufacture of polymer further involves copolymerizing a copolymerizable monomer containing donor coupling group. Preferred Definitions:    Ar2=residue of thiazole;and    Z=S.    EXAMPLE - 41.4 mg 6-(5-(2-Ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-4,8-di(thiazol-2-yl)thiazolo(4',5',4,5)benzo(1,2-c)(1,2,5)thiadiazole and 59.9 mg 7-(((6-methyloctanoyl)oxy)methyl)-4,10-bis(tributylstannyl)-3,11-dithiatricyclo(6.3.0.02,6)undeca-1(8),2(6),4,9-tetraen-7-yl-8-methyldecanoate were added to a tube. 5 mL Toluene was added to the reaction mixture and argon bubbling process was performed in the mixture for 1 hour. 0.6 mg Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and 0.95 mg organophosphorus compound as catalyst were added to the mixture and the mixture was heated at 140 degrees C for 58 hours. 216 mg 2-Tributyltin thiophene and 182 mg bromobenzene were added to the mixture for 4 hours, and the mixture was reacted for 7 hours. The reacted solution was poured into methanol, precipitated, and filtered, to obtain polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating polymer is selected from of a group consisting of poly-methyl methacrylate, polyimide, polyacrylate, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polyether ether ketone (RTM: colorless organic thermoplastic polymer), polycarbonate and poly-dimethylsiloxane. The conductive material is selected from a group consisting of polyaniline, polythiophene, polyethylenedioxythiopene (PEDOT), polyimide, polystyrenesulfonate (PSS), polypyrrole, polyacetylene, poly-p-phenylene, poly-p-phenylene sulfide, poly-p-phenylene vinylene, polythiophene poly-thienylene vinylene, carbon nanotube and metal nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The component (C) is preferably of formula (III). The curable perfluoropolyether-based gel composition further contains perfluoropolyether compound (E) of formula: A-O-(CF2-CF2-CF2-O)d-A (IV), A-O-(CF2-O)f-(CF2-CF2-O)h-A (V), or A-O-(CF2-O)i-(CF(-CF3)-CF2-O)j-A (VI).l'=1-200;A=CeF2e+1;d=1-500;e=1-3;andf,h,i,j=1-300.Preferred Properties: The cured mass has a penetration of 1-200, when measured based on JIS K 2220 or ASTM D-1403, residual solid content of more than 90 wt.%, after immersing in concentrated sulfuric acid at 40 degrees C for 1000 hours, and penetration change of less than 25, after immersing in concentrated nitric acid at 40 degrees C for 2000 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The support is activated carbon support. The platinum complex is of formula: Pt-MyOx.x=number of rare-earth atoms;andM=number of oxygen atoms.Preferred Property: The average particle size of the nanoparticles is 2-3 nm. Preferred Processes: The nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of the cathode using ink. The preparation of nanoparticles further involves mixing mixture comprising platinum salt, rare-earth salt, acetate salt and solvent, under inert atmosphere, heating under atmosphere comprising carbon monoxide, evaporating to remove solvent, obtaining powder of nanoparticles, heat treating at 80-600 degrees C under hydrogen gas atmosphere and washing the resultant product.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The rare-earth element is yttrium or gadolinium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen compound is ammonia. The trivalent iron is hematite or goethite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) comprises: heating the metal wire by applying a current of 1-100 A to the metal wire; and controlling vapor pressure of the gaseous metal catalyst in the chamber by adjusting heating temperature of 200-2000 degrees C on the metal wire. The step (c) comprises (c-i) extending the metal wire in one direction, and moving the heated metal wire in horizontal direction with respect to the substrate at a constant rate, (c-ii) producing the metal wire in a spring shape, heating, and moving the metal wire at a constant speed in radial direction on the substrate, (c-iii) rotating the metal wire with respect to the substrate, (c-iv) controlling growth of the graphene by cooling the substrate, and controlling moving speed of the heated metal wire. The metal wire moves at moving speed of 10 mu m/minute to 40 mm/minute. The method further comprises uniformly heating the substrate using a heating means. The step (c) is carried out into the chamber containing an inert gas atmosphere. Preferred Components: The substrate is an insulator substrate made by applying a silicon dioxide layer on a sapphire substrate, a glass substrate, a silicon substrate or a silicon substrate. The metal wire has diameter of 0.1-100 mm, and is made of copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, platinum, gold, aluminum, chromium, palladium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, zirconium and/or its alloys. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particle size of platinum/iron-tin oxyhydroxide hollow nanocomposite material is 200-300 nm. The molar ratio of iron-tin oxyhydroxide hollow nanoparticles and chloroplatinic acid is 0.4-0.6:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The boron-doped diamond nanoparticles have an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less. Preferred Process: The heating of mixture is performed at 700-1000 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: In silicon-oxide layer, the ratio of wave number of 930 cm-1 and infrared absorption luminous intensity of 1020 cm-1, is 0.30 or less, and the ratio of wave number of 1280 cm-1 and infrared absorption luminous intensity of 1020 cm- is 0.002-0.020. In the nanoindentation measurement on maximum-load of 1 mN, the pushing hardness of the surface of the silicon-oxide layer is 3 GPa. The surface roughness (Ra) of the silicon-oxide layer is 5 nm or less, when measured on 5 mu m square observation conditions using dynamic force mode of scanning probe microscope. The contact bonding layer (60) containing acrylic resin composition as main component and having film thickness of 0.1-20 mu m is clamped between the polymer substrate and the substrate hardened layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (I) has two-layer perovskite structure. The partial oxidizing agent further comprises barium-alkaline earth-manganese-containing complex oxide of formula: R'Ba1-xQxMn2O5+d, barium-metallic element-manganese-containing complex oxide of formula: R'BaMn2-yZyO5+d, alkaline-earth metal-transition metal-containing complex oxide of formula: R'EZ'2O5+d, and alkaline-earth metal-transition metal-containing complex oxide of formula: RE'1-xE"xY'2-yY"yO5+d. The air contact layer in the hydrogen-generating apparatus comprises praseodymium-barium-manganese oxide (PrBaMn2O5+d) and praseodymium-barium-strontium-cobalt-iron oxide (PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+d). The membrane layer in the hydrogen-generating apparatus comprises lanthanum-calcium-iron oxide (La0.9Ca0.1FeO3-d).Q=alkaline-earth metal, preferably Ca or Sr;Z=metallic element, preferably Co;x=0-0.5 (excluding 0 and 0.5);y=0-1 (excluding 0 and 1);E=alkaline-earth metal;Z'=transition metal;E',E"=alkaline earth metal;andY',Y"=transition metal. Preferred Definitions:    R'=Y, Nd, Pr, Sm, Gd, Eu or Yb.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The front contact layer is made of boron doped zinc oxide and transparent conductive oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The front contact layer is formed by using a zinc-containing precursor that is made of diethyl zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of (I) comprises: reacting substituted 5,6-dibromo-isoindole-1,3-dione derivatives of formula (V) with timethylsilyl acetylene in presence of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, triethyl amine in dimethylformamide, and in potassium carbonate in tetrahydrofuran and then reacting the obtained product with 3-iodo-phthalonitrile in presence of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride diethylamine to obtain substituted 3,3'-(1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5,6-diyl)bis(ethyne-2,1-diyl)diphthalonitrile (VI); and then reacting (VI) with metal including titanium oxide in presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene in pentanol to obtain (Ie), representative of (I).R = -(CH2)nCH3, -(CH2)n(CF2)mCF3, or -(CH2)nC-Si(CH(CH3)2)3.Preferred Components: (I) is conjugated side-strapped phthalocyanine compounds of formulae (Ia)-(Id). The compound (I) has a solubility: in chloroform of at least 0.5 mole/l; and in pyridine of at least 0.5 mole/l. The composition comprises a thin film of (I). The thin film comprises ABAB stacking of (I).R1a, R1b, R1c, R1d, R2a, R2b, R2c, R2d, R3a, R4a = H, 1-25C alkyl, or 1-25C haloalkyl;n = 0 or 1; andX = O or S. Preferred Definitions:    At least one pair of RW1, RW2, RN1, RE1, RE2, RS1, or RS2 = conjugated side strapped substituent, preferably substituted hex-3-ene-1,5-diyne moiety of formula (IV); either    R1, R2 = H, 1-25C alkyl, or 1-25C haloalkyl; or    R1R2 = aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl (all optionally substituted); and    M = V, In, Ga, Al, Ti, Sb, Pb, Bi, Mn, or P.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive particle is perovskite type oxide containing lanthanum. The insulating fibrous structure is made of aluminium, silicon or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sulfuration prevention layer contains one type of compound chosen from a zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide and an indium gallium and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrically conductive paste contains silver or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The acid is chosen from oxalic acid, citric acid, amino acid, adipic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and phosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The silicon group of organic polymer (B1) and/or organic polymer (C1) is organic polymer obtained by reacting silicon compound which has hydrosilyl, isocyanate and/or thiol group. Organic polymer (B1) and/or organic polymer (C1) are organic polymers which do not contain main chain structure obtained by reacting diisocyanate compound. The main chain structure of organic polymer (B1) and/or organic polymer (C1) is polyester type polymer. Organic polymer (A1) is polyoxyalkylene type polymer and/or (meth)acrylic-ester type polymer. The crosslinking silicon group of organic polymer (A1), and organic polymer (B1) and/or organic polymer (C1) is trialkoxy silyl group, respectively. Preferred Composition: The curable composition further contains organic tin compound, titanium compound, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid metallic salt and/or amine compound as a curing catalyst (D1), and a plasticizer which is contained by an amount of 30 pts. wt. or less with respect to 100 pts. wt. of total amount of organic polymers (A1,B1,C1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The single film is made of fluorine dope tin oxide (FTO) film and antimony dope tin oxide (ATO) film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The dibenzofuran compound comprises, but not limited to, formulae (II), (III), (II'), and (III'). The group of formula (Xa) is selected from but not limited to formulae (XIIa), (XIIb), (XIIc), (XIId), and (XIIe). The group of formula (Xb) is selected from but not limited to formulae (XIIIa), (XIIIb), (XIIIc), (XIIId), and (XIIIe). Preferred Component: The emitting layer comprises the dibenzofuran compound as host material in combination with a phosphorescent emitter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The p-type oxide semiconductor comprises copper-sulfur-gallium-tin-oxide components (CuS1-xGaxSnO), (CuSGaxSn1-xO) and (CuSGaxSnO), where x is more than 0, but less than 1. The p-type oxide semiconductor manufacturing method utilizes a precursor solution comprising tri(thiourea)-cuprous chloride, and thiourea. The oxide thin film transistor comprises gate insulating layer made of oxide insulation material comprising silicon dioxide and/or alumina, a gate electrode made of metal selected from copper and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solar cell fabricating method utilizes an organic solvent selected from acetonitrile, deionized water, alcohol, cyclohexane, toluene and ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing acid(s) is hydrofluoric acid. The iodine-containing acid is iodic acid. The selenium-containing acid is selenic acid. The content of acid compound, additive(s), iodic acid or selenic acid, and silver oxide is 35-50 wt.%, 0.005-25 wt.%, 0.00005-0.25 wt.%, and 0.0005-0.075 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive ion is chosen from lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, titanium ion, zirconium ion, lanthanoid ion, vanadium ion, manganese ion, iron ion, cobalt ion, nickel ion, copper ion, zinc ion, boron ion, aluminum ion and ammonium ion. The product of ionic valency with respect to ratio of number-of-moles of the metal atom in the metal oxide and number-of-moles of the phosphorus atom derived from the phosphorus compound (B) in the layer (Y) is 0.01-0.60. The phosphorus compound is chosen from phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorus acid, phosphonic acid, phosphonous acid, phosphinic acid and phosphinous acid. The substrate is chosen from thermoplastic resin film layer, paper layer, and inorganic vapor deposition layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total content of calcium oxide and zirconium dioxide in the particles is less than 2500 weight ppm. The content of calcium oxide in the particles is less than 2000 weight ppm. The impurities in the particles mainly comprise calcium oxide, zirconium dioxide, iron(III) oxide, silica, sodium oxide and manganese oxide. Preferred Property: The largest dimension of the fine inclusions essentially consisting of calcium and zirconium oxide is less than 1 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline solution is potassium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): The polycyclic compound (I) is prepared by reacting 1-methyl-cyclopenta-1,3-diene derivative of formula (II) and aromatic compound of formula: H2C(-X1)-Y1 (III) in solvent. Preferred Definitions:    R2=group of formula (x).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Polycyclic compounds i.e. (2E)-3-(5-(5-(5-(4-(bis(9,9-dibutyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)amino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-(5-((1E)-2-carboxy-2-cyanoeth-1-en-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-3-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoprop-2-enoic acid of formula (Ia), (2E)-3-(5-(5-(5-(4-(bis(9,9-dibutyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)amino)phenyl)-3-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-2-(5-((1E)-2-carboxy-2-cyanoeth-1-en-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-3-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoprop-2-enoic acid, and (2E)-3-(5-(5-(5-(4-(bis(9,9-dibutyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)amino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-(5-((1E)-2-carboxy-2-cyanoeth-1-en-1-yl)-3-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-3-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoprop-2-enoic acid, are specifically claimed.    EXAMPLE - 0.02 Pt. wt. anhydrous piperazine was added to 1.7 pts. wt. 5-(5-(5-(4-(bis(9,9-dibutyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)amino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-(5-formylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-3-yl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde, and solution obtained by dissolving 0.85 pt. wt. cyanoacetic acid in liquid mixture of 133 pts. wt. ethanol and 73 pts. wt. toluene, reacted, and refluxed for 1 hour. 0.85 Pt. wt. cyanoacetic acid was added to the obtained product, reacted, extracted with chloroform-water, concentrated, recrystallized using chloroform-hexane, and purified, to obtain 0.78 pt. wt. (2E)-3-(5-(5-(5-(4-(bis(9,9-dibutyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)amino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-(5-((1E)-2-carboxy-2-cyanoeth-1-en-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-3-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoprop-2-enoic acid as black-red color solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorescent material is yellow light-emitting cerium-containing yttrium aluminum garnet fluorescent material of formula (Y3Al5O12:Ce3+) (I), silicate fluorescent material and/or cerium-containing lutetium aluminum garnet fluorescent material of formula (Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+) (II).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphene is reduced graphene oxide. The fluorescent composite is prepared in the form of film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The polymer composite is formed by solvent exchange method. The method further comprises curing the graphene-containing fluorescence composite at 80-100 degrees C. EXAMPLE - The hybrid graphene was mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (both obtained by solvent exchange method) to obtain mixture. The mixture was centrifuged at speed of 8000 revolutions per minute for 30 minutes, heated, mixed with cerium-containing yttrium aluminum garnet, and then polydimethylsiloxane was added and cured at 100 degrees C for 5 hours to obtain the graphene-containing remote fluorescence composite in the form of hybrid graphene/polydimethylsiloxane fluorescent film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diamine-based compounds are divalent organic compounds including (VIa)-(VIg) and/or (4-18C)-cycloalkanediyl-containing alicyclic divalent organic compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyimide has: long-chain structure of 100 Angstrom ; weight average molecular weight of 10000-200000 g/mol (in terms of polystyrene); and glass transition temperature of 330-500 degrees C. The polyimide is (4-((3aR,4aR,7aS,8aS)-1,3,5,7-tetraoxodecahydropyrrolo(3,4-f)isoindol-2(1H)-yl)benzamido)phenyl structural unit of formula (Xa), (4-((3aR,4aR,7aS,8aS)-1,3,5,7-tetraoxodecahydropyrrolo(3,4-f)isoindol-2(1H)-yl)phenoxy)phenyl structural unit of formula (Xb), diphenyl ether-containing repeating units of formula (Xc) or N-phenylbenzamide-containing structural unit of formula (Xd). The polyimide film has: light transmittance of greater than or equal to 85% at wavelength of 400-800 nm based on 10-30 mu m thickness of substrate; yellowness of less than or equal to 12; plane retardation value of 0.1-0.7 nm; retardation value of 10-600 nm in thickness direction; thermal expansion coefficient of less than or equal to 55 ppm/K at 300 degrees C; modulus of greater than or equal to 3 GPa; maximum stress values of 120-250 Mpa; and maximum elongation of 5-120%.p, q = 0-1; andp+q = 1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid includes nitrogen atom and/or halogen atom. The decomposition gas comprises nitrogen and/or halogen atom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquid comprises anion chosen from acetate ion, hydrogen sulfate ion (HSO3- or HSO4-), methyl sulfate ion, ethyl sulfate ion, aluminum chloride ion, carbonate ion, bicarbonate ion, nitrite ion, nitrate ion, sulfate ion, phosphate ion, hydrogen phosphate ion, dihydrogen phosphate ion, copper chloride ion, chloride ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, hexafluoroantimonate ion, trifluoromethanesulfonate ion, tetrafluoroethanesulfonate ion, fluorosulfonate ion of formula: -(CF3HFCCF2SO3)-, -(HCClFCF2SO3)-, -(F3COCFHCF2SO3)-, (F3CCF2OCFHCF2SO3)- or -(F3CCFHOCF2CF2SO3)-, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) ion, bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide ion, tris((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanide ion and trifluoroacetate ion, and cation chosen from pyridinium ion of formula (I), pyridazinium ion of formula (II), pyrimidinium ion of formula (III), pyrazinium ion of formula (IV), imidazolium ion of formula (V), pyrazolium ion of formula (VI), thiazolium ion of formula (VII), oxazolium ion of formula (VIII), triazolium ion of formula (IX), phosphonium ion of formula: R10-P+(-R7)(-R9)-R8 (X) and ammonium ion of formula: R10-P+(-R7)(-R9)-R8 (XI).R1-R10=H, halo, or 1-25C alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, benzyl or phenyl (all optionally containing heteroatom chosen from N, Si, S and O and optionally substituted by chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, hydroxy, amino or thio).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of aqueous potassium carbonate is 0.5-5 M. The molar ratio of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium catalyst and perylene diimide monobromo compound is 1:5-50.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by adding perylene diimide monobromo compound and triphenylamine borate at molar ratio of 3-10:1 into reaction vessel, adding toluene and aqueous potassium carbonate mixed solvent under inert gas protection, reacting in the presence of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium catalyst at 100-120 degrees C, and refluxing; and extracting organic phase, drying, and performing silica gel column chromatography. Preferred Method: The reacting is carried out for 6-72 hours. Preferred Components: The volume ratio of toluene and aqueous potassium carbonate is 0.1-10:1. The extraction solvent of organic phase is dichloromethane or trichloromethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The solar cell consists of electrodes (a) and (b), and electrolyte layer containing semiconductor material and compound (I). Preferred Property: The solar cell has photoelectric conversion efficiency of 3% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): 5-Bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid derivative of formula (Ia) and amine derivative of formula (Ib) are reacted and obtained compound is processed, to obtain (2E)-2-cyano-3-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid derivative (I). Preferred Properties: The compound (I) has band gap of 1-3 eV and maximum light absorption at 300-550 nm. Preferred Definitions:    X=S;    n=1-2;    R3=carboxy;and    R4=cyano.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 51 (2E)-2-cyano-3-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid derivatives e.g. (2E)-2-cyano-3-(5-(2-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)ethynyl)thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid of formula (IA), (2E)-2-cyano-3-(5-(5-(2-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)ethynyl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid, (2E)-2-cyano-3-(5-(5-(5-(2-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)ethynyl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid, (2E)-2-cyano-3-(5-(2-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)ethynyl)selenophen-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid and (2E)-2-cyano-3-(5-(5-(2-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)ethynyl)selenophen-2-yl)selenophen-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid, are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The ceramic injection molding material has solidification temperature of less than 45 degrees C. The ceramic powder has an average particle diameter of 1-90 mu m. The ceramic product has porosity of 20% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of the petroleum-based wax is 1000 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electro-active concentric layers are made of dielectric material i.e. electro-active polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The chemically-strengthened glass has viscosity of 102dPa.second at 1550 degrees C, surface pressure shrinkage stress of 300 MPa or more and compressive-stress depth of 10 mu m or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises filtering, washing and drying, after adding the acidic solution. The step (a) comprises preparing metal ion solution by dissolving 0.1-10 pts. wt. platinum source material and 0.01-10 pts. wt. iridium-source material in 100 pts. wt. ethylene glycol, and stirring at 150-300 revolutions/minute for 1-8 hours. The step (b) comprises producing mixed solution by adding 0.2-10 pts. wt. carbon based on 100 pts. wt. ethylene glycol. The acid solution is sulfuric acid or nitric acid. The metal grain size of the alloy catalyst is 1-10 nm. The alloy catalyst comprises a platinum-iridium alloy of formula (PtxIry) (I). The platinum-iridium alloy is deposited on carbon support in an amount of 5-90 wt.% based on the total weight of the metal and carbon content of the alloy catalyst.x = 1-10 andy = 1.Preferred Components: The carbon includes at least one of carbon powder, carbon black, acetylene black, activated carbon, carbon fiber, fullerene, carbon nanotube, carbon nanowire, carbon nano funnel and carbon nano ring. The platinum catalyst and platinum-iridium alloy catalyst are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:0.2-1:5. EXAMPLE - 0.65 g Platinum(IV) chloride and 0.16 g iridium(III) chloride hydrate were dissolved in 100 ml ethylene glycol, stirred at 250 revolutions/minute for 1 hour, 0.5 g activated carbon dissolved in 50 ml ethylene glycol was added into stirred solution, then 0.4 g sodium hydroxide/ethylene glycol solution mixed in a ratio of 1:25 was added into the by weight was added the mixed solution to adjust a pH of the solution to 9.5, the mixture was reacted at 160 degrees C 5 hours, and cooled to room temperature. 3 ml Sulfuric acid solution was added, filtered, washed and dried to obtain the platinum-iridium alloy catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The inside of the reaction container is filled in a state such that the plate-shaped hydrogen-producing catalyst is laminated, or it is wound in spiral/coil shape. The portion of gas comprising hydrogen is recycled for the reaction process. The volume ratio of recycled gas comprising hydrogen with respect to mixed gas is 2-10%. Production process is carried out at 700-900 degrees C for 200 hours or more for 30 minutes or more. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the hydrogen-producing catalyst is 20-300 mu m. Several tubular hydrogen-producing catalyst having different diameter is filled inside the refraction container. Preferred Composition: The ratio of the number of molecules of the steam in the mixed gas with respect to carbon atom number in hydrocarbon gas is 1-2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic ring-containing alicyclic epoxy compound is preferably of formulae (II)-(IV).E2-E4=alicyclic epoxy group;X=bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbyl;andn=1-6. Preferred Definitions:    Ar=benzene ring;and    m=1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The radically polymerizable polyether (A) is of formula (I), and has mass mean molecular weight of 1000-200000.m=1-7000;n=0-7000;n=1-14000;m/m+n+p=0.0005-0.8;R1=methyl or H;R2=1-6C hydrocarbyl;andR3=H or 1-20C hydrocarbyl.Preferred Composition: The adhesive further contains a polymerization initiator (C).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): The organic heteropolymer is prepared by reacting 1H-stibole derivative of formula (II) and lithium-containing compound of formula: R1aLi (III), and obtaining organic heteropolymer of formula (IV).R1a=hydrocarbyl;R3=alkyl;n=1 or more;andX=halo. EXAMPLE - 0.191 g 1,4-Diethynyl-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzene and 0.198 g tetraisopropoxy titanium were dissolved in 20 mL cyclopentyl methyl ether in argon atmosphere, to obtain a mixture. 1.25 mL Diethyl ether solution of isopropyl magnesium chloride was added to the obtained mixture, and the mixture was stirred at -78 degrees C to -50 degrees C for 12 hours. 0.137 g Antimony trichloride was added to the mixture and the mixture was heated slowly to -20 degrees C and stirred for 3 hours. 0.45 mL Dibutyl ether solution of phenyl lithium was added to the obtained reaction liquid mixture, and the mixture was heated and stirred for 1 hour. The obtained solution was filtered, to remove the insoluble material, after the completion of reaction. The solvent was distilled off and the product was reprecipitated, to obtain the organic heteropolymer, with a yield of 73%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of copper is 2-8 %mass. The zeolite is USY zeolite. Preferred Process: manufacture process further involves mixing and molding binder to molded proton form zeolite, and ion-exchanging the proton form zeolite contained in the molded material obtained by molding with copper ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable composition further contains polymerization initiator. The resin (P) comprises aryl group-containing repeating unit of formula (A) or (B), and epoxy or oxetane group-containing repeating unit of formula (C).R=H or alkyl;L=single bond or bivalent coupling group;Ar'1=arylenyl optionally having substituent;Ar'2-Ar'4=aryl optionally having substituent;X=epoxy group or oxetane;Ar"1=bivalent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbyl;Ar"2=monovalent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbyl;andat least one of Ar31,Ar41=polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nano wire includes silver nanowire. The metal particle is silver particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent conductive layer further includes poly(styrene-sulfonate)anion and matrix into which the metal nano wire and metal particle are dipped. The transparent conductor comprises poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) doped poly(styrene-sulfonate) anion. The manufacturing method utilizes viscosity modifier including poly(styrene sulfonic acid), and poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) doped poly(styrene sulfonic acid).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The step (2) is carried out at 400-600 degrees C. The step (3) is carried out at 600-800 degrees C for 2-8 hours at heating rate of 5 degrees C/minute. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of lanthanum nitrate and manganese nitrate is 1:1. The lanthanum nitrate comprises lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate. The manganese nitrate comprises manganese(II) nitrate. The total concentration of lanthanum and manganese ions is 0.02-1 mole/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises ethanol, water, and/or dimethylformamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer template: comprises Pluronic P123 (RTM: Triblock copolymer), Pluronic F127 (RTM: Difunctional block copolymer surfactant terminating in primary hydroxyl groups), and/or polyvinyl alcohol; and is used in an amount of 30-300 g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A base comprises potassium hydroxide. The III-nitride semiconductor comprises indium-gallium-nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The triaryl isocyanurate is obtained by reacting cyanic acid soda or isocyanuric acid, and allyl chloride. The content of 1,3-dichloro propene in the allyl chloride is 200 ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high thermal conductivity metal-chloride molten salt material comprises 0.1-0.5 %mass metal magnesium powder and 99.5-99.9 %mass calcium chloride. Preferred Components: The inert gas comprises argon gas. Preferred Condition: The heating step is carried out at 800-900 degrees C. The thermally insulating step is carried out for 6-8 hours. The cooling step is carried out at 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal ion is transition metal ion chosen from zinc ion, nickel ion and cobalt ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Definitions:    X1-X3=CO2-;and    R1-R12=H.    EXAMPLE - Solid mixture of 11 mg 1,3,5-tris(3-carboxyphenyl)benzene and 13 mg zinc nitrate tetrahydrate was dissolved in liquid mixture of 0.5 mL dimethylformamide, 0.25 mL methanol and 0.25 mL water in 2 mL glass-made bottle, then 20 mu L sodium hydroxide having concentration of 0.01 M was added to the reaction mixture, heated for 4 hours from room temperature to 100 degrees C and at 100 degrees C for 48 hours, cooled for 6 hours, washed and air-dried, to obtain 15 mg porous coordination polymer with yield of 74%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The particle diameter of ZnO core is 5-50 nm. The thickness of Cu0 coating is 1-5 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first germanium thin film is amorphous, crystalline or microcrystalline. The first germanium thin film further comprises an amorphous, crystalline or microcrystalline second germanium thin film formed on the second surface of the first germanium thin film, a second protective layer (130) to apply stress on surface of the second germanium thin film by contacting with the second surface of the first germanium thin film and the second germanium thin film, and an intrinsic third germanium thin film located between the second germanium thin film and the first germanium thin film. The first protective layer applies compressive stress. The second protective layer applies tensile stress. The conductivity type of the first germanium thin film and the second germanium thin film is opposite from each other. The solar cell further comprises a second photoelectric layer to independently generate electricity and located on the second surface of the first photoelectric layer, and an insulating layer arranged between the first photoelectric layer and the second photoelectric layer. The second photoelectric layer comprises amorphous, and crystalline or microcrystalline second germanium thin film. Preferred Method: The step (a) comprises laminating the first germanium thin film by physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition. The step (a) further comprises crystallizing or fine crystallizing the first germanium thin film. The first protective layer is laminated by the chemical vapor deposition. The method further comprises forming the second protective layer on the second surface of the first germanium thin film for applying stress on the second surface of the first germanium thin film by non-epitaxial method, and forming the intrinsic third germanium thin film between the second germanium thin film and the first germanium thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide layer is made of metal oxide including aluminum oxide, indium(III) oxide or tin oxide and transition metal oxide including titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, niobium pentoxide, iridium oxide, molybdenum dioxide, hafnium oxide or tantalum pentoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The electronic device further includes transparent electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent electrode is indium-tin oxide electrode, indium-zinc oxide electrode, silver nanowire, carbon nanotube, graphene or 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent adhesive composition further comprises polymerizable photoinitiator. The polymerizable photoinitiator is 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-4-morpholin-4-yl-1-phenyl-butan-1-one. The alkylsilyl-based acrylate compound is 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The water adsorptive resin is cellulose ester. The gas-barrier film further has a hard coat layer (3) containing pentaerythritol acrylate between the resin substrate and gas barrier layer. Preferred Process: The gas barrier layer is gas barrier layer formed in discharge space between rollers in which magnetic field is applied, by discharge plasma chemical vapor deposition method. The gas-barrier film further has gas-barrier layer (5) which is formed by applying polysilazane-containing liquid on the gas barrier layer, drying, and irradiating vacuum-UV light at 200 nm to formed coating film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The absolute value of difference of thermal linear expansion coefficient of the support component and thermal linear expansion coefficient of the protective film is 50 ppm/K or less. The adhesive force of mat layer and adhesion layer is 0.08-0.16 N/25 mm, respectively. Preferred Composition: The mat layer comprises acrylic resin particles having average particle size of 0.3-5 mu m, and inorganic fine particles. The film for vapor deposition consists of protective film containing adhesion layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molecular mixture is water molecule. The molecular mixture includes a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom. The cation includes hydrogen cation and carbon cation. The anion includes oxygen anion. The barrier is a physical barrier containing fused quartz. Preferred Process: The process further involves cooling the isolated hydrogen cation to form diatomic hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The microporous polymer film is formed from a polymer selected from polyolefin, fluorocarbon, polyamide, polyester, polyacetal (or polyoxymethylene), polysulfide, polyvinyl alcohol and/or co-polymer. The polyolefin comprises polypropylene, polyethylene or impact copolymer polypropylene. The microporous polymer film comprises a multi-ply microporous polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The passivating interlayer is formed of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, hafnium aluminum oxide and hafnium silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquefied inert gas is liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, liquid neon, liquid argon, liquid krypton, or liquid xenon. The grinding medium is zirconia, agate, quarts, titania, tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, alumina, stainless steel, soda glass, low soda glass, soda less glass, high density glass, or dry ice (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide). It has diameter of 0.03-25 mm. The granular dry ice has particle diameter that reduces as original materials are pulverized. The original materials are pulverized to particles having desired sizes without exchanging granular dry ice. The disperse medium does not include dispersion agents. The granular dry ice comprises solid particles of carbon dioxide having particle diameters of 0.01-25 mm, preferably 0.30-1.0 mm or 0.03-0.30 mm. The liquefied inert gas is preferably liquid nitrogen and slurries are stirred individually by ball mill. The granular dry ice is produced by soaking dry ice in liquid nitrogen for predetermined time, preferably 12 hours, in which volume ratio of liquid nitrogen to dry ice is 2:1. The piece of dry ice forms cylindrical solid body having diameter of 3.0 mm, preferably 0.5-1.5 mm and length of 5.0-30.0 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Component: The original materials comprise bulk of medicines and additives for medicines.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The additives are water-soluble additives or dispersion accelerating agents for medicines consisting of hypromellose-acetate-succinate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methacrylic acid polymer, carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, low substituted hydroxy-propyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl-cellulose, or lactose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is made of silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heat reflector is made of silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (SiN), silicon carbonitride (SiCN), Silicon boron nitride (SiBN), silicon carbide boron nitride (SicBN), zirconium carbide (ZrC), zirconium nitride (ZrN), zirconium carbonitride (ZrCN), zirconium boron nitride (ZrBN), zirconium carbide boron nitride (ZrcBN), titanium carbide (TiC), titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), titanium boron nitride (TiBN), titanium carbide boron nitride (TicBN), tungsten carbide, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, or chrome.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer thick film composition contains 60-95 wt.% metallic particles such as 50-90 wt.% silver powder and 1-30 wt.% silver flake based upon 100% total weight of composition. Metallic particles are chosen from silver, gold, platinum, nickel, copper and/or their alloys, preferably silver powder, silver flake(s). Preferred Properties: Metallic particles have median particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m and specific surface area of 0.01-10 m2/g. Silver powder has median diameter of 2-4 mu m, and specific surface area of 0.1-0.5 m2/g, silver flake has median diameter of 2-4 mu m and specific surface area of 1-3 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Organic vehicle contains a thixotropic agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition contains 0.1-40 wt.% phenolic resin and 0.1-40 wt.% solvent based on 100% total weight of the composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxide is molybdenum oxide nanorods, molybdenum oxide mesoporous powder, ruthenium oxide powder, ruthenium oxide mesoporous powder, and palladium oxide mesoporous powder. The anode material further comprises oxygen ion conductor is made of samarium doped ceria, gadolinium doped ceria, yttria stabilized zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, scandium-gallium oxide, silver-magnesium doped material, molybdenum acid, potassium-sodium-lanthanum-doped strontium silicate/germanium strontium material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of active component platinum-silver-cobalt is 10-50%, and the atomic ratio of platinum, silver and cobalt is 20:1:0.01-1:20:0.01. Preferred Method: The activation of the substrate material comprises (i) carrying out heat treatment at 300-800 degrees C under an inert atmosphere for 20-100 minutes, (ii) washing with water or acid pickling, where the water washing comprises wetting substrate, adding a certain amount of distilled water, heated to boil under reflux condition, filtering and drying to obtain water washed substrate material sample, and the acid washing comprises impregnating substrate material with an acid solution for 10-20 hours, heating to reflux, filtering, washing and drying, and (iii) immersing the functional carbon material in concentrated nitric acid, stirring for 24 hours, washed with deionized water and vacuum drying. Preparation of silver-cobalt/carbon comprises dispersing the processed substrate material in dispersant (ethylene glycol and/or glycerol), ultrasonic processing to form a homogeneous slurry, adding silver and cobalt precursor solution, reducing with a strong reducing agent for 10-24 hours, filtering, washing and drying. Preparation of platinum (IV) colloid by in situ chemical reduction comprises processing the platinum precursor with sodium bisulfite to form complex ions, oxidizing using oxidizing agent, preparing metastable state colloid, and controlling the reaction solution pH to 4-11. The reducing and depositing comprises uniformly mixing platinum(IV) colloid and silver-cobalt/carbon, adding 2-4 times of reducing agent (sodium borohydride, formaldehyde or ethylene glycol), and stirring at 40-80 degrees C for 1-4 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): the preparation of (I) comprises separately heating and evaporating the copper, aluminum, selenium and x elements by co-evaporation method, then depositing on the surface of a substrate. Preferred Components: The atomic ratio of replaced aluminum atoms and selenium atoms in the lattice position is 1:1. The molar ratio of copper, aluminum, selenium is 1:1:2. The substrate is a glass substrate coated with molybdenum layer having a thickness of 0.8-1.1 mu m. Preferred Method: The method comprises substrate pretreatment before preparing (I), where the pretreatment includes heating the substrate coated with molybdenum layer to 500 degrees C, curing for 5-20 minutes under hydrogen sulfide or sulfur environment to form 50 nm molybdenum disulfide layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of 2-aminopyridine and toluene is 1 mmol:1-6 g. The molar ratio of 2-aminopyridine and porous silica template is 5-20 mmol:1 g. The molar ratio of 2-aminopyridine, ammonium persulfate and ferric chloride is 2-20:1-10:1. The mass ratio of the carbonized product and hydrofluoric acid is 1:50-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The low oxygen-doped graphene is prepared by taking doped graphene, dispersing into dispersion liquid to form 0.001-1 wt.% doped graphene dispersion liquid, adding reducing agent, and chemical reacting at 25-95 degrees C for 1-40 hours. Preferred Components: The chemical reducing agent is hydroiodic acid, sodium borohydride or hydrazine hydrate. The dispersion liquid is acid solution, alkaline solution or neutral dispersion liquid. The alkaline solution is ammonia water. The neutral liquid is water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid solution is acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises reacting substituted acid compounds of formula (HO-C(=O)-CH2-NH-CH2-(CH2)n-C(=O)-O-R1) (II) with fullerene and substituted aldehyde compounds of formula (III). Preferred Method: The method comprises dissolving (II), (III) and fullerene in an organic solvent, and reacting at 100-150 degrees C. (II) are obtained by reacting halogenated compounds of formula (X-CH2-C(=O)-OBn) (IV) with aminated compounds of formula (NH2-CH2-(CH2)n-C(=O)-O-R1) (V) to obtain ester compounds of formula (BnO-C(=O)-CH2-NH-CH2-(CH2)n-C(=O)-O-R1) (VI), and performing hydrogenation reaction of (VI) to obtain (II).X = halo; andBn = benzyl. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 9 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, e.g. C60-fullerene-fused N-(methyl hexanoate)-2-(hexyloxyphenyl)pyrrolidine (Ia), C60-fullerene-fused N-(methyl butyrate)-2-phenylpyrrolidine, C60-fullerene-fused N-(methyl butyrate)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidine, C60-fullerene-fused N-(methyl butyrate)-2-(2-hexyloxyphenyl)pyrrolidine and C60-fullerene-fused N-(methyl butyrate)-2-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)pyrrolidine.    EXAMPLE - 1 g C60-Fullerene was dissolved in 480 ml toluene, 282 mg 2-((6-methoxy-6-oxohexyl)amino)acetic acid and 1.4 g 2-(hexyloxy)benzaldehyde were added to the solution and refluxed for 2 hours at 115 degrees C to obtain reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was cooled, separated, concentrated by silica column chromatography using toluene, and recrystallized using mixed solvent of chloroform and methanol to obtain 581 mg C60-fullerene-fused N-(methyl hexanoate)-2-(hexyloxyphenyl)pyrrolidine with 39% yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of catalyst and halogenated hydrocarbon is 0.5:2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from acetone, ethanol, diethyl ether and methane. The catalyst is chosen from dicyclopentadienyl iron, dicyclopentadienyl cobalt and dicyclopentadienyl nickel. The halogenated hydrocarbon is chosen from tetrachloroethylene, tetrabromoethylene, hexachlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and bromobenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent (A) is acetonitrile, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran and/or 1,4-dioxane. The volume ratio of acetonitrile and chloroform is 1:1. The alkaline compound is piperidine, pyridine, triethylamine and/or dimethylamine. The organic solvent (B) is acetonitrile, chloroform, methylene chloride, methanol and/or ethanol. The volume ratio of a methylene chloride and methanol solvent is 10:1. The volume ratio of 4-(7-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)benzaldehyde, 2-cyanoacetic acid or 2-(4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid, and alkaline compound is 1:1.0-3.0:0.1-0.3. The content of organic solvent (A) is 20-80 mL/mmol, preferably 50 mL/mmol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heater is provided with a coil heater formed of tungsten or rhenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The second conductive film includes silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The device includes an oxide semiconductor film made of Indium, Zinc, Titanium, Gallium, Yttrium, Zirconium, Lanthanum, Cerium, Neodymium and Hafnium. The second conductive film includes tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal foil is aluminum foil. Preferred Process: The metal foils are laminated in multiple numbers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sheet consists of modified block copolymer hydride (E). The composite multilayer sheet further consists of sheet containing polyester and/or polyamide as outermost layer, and which is in contact with the sheet containing modified block copolymer hydride (E).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper-zinc-tin-containing chalcogenide comprises kesterite of formula: Cu2-xZn1+ySn(S1-zSez)4+q, where x, y and z are 0-1 and q is -1 to 1. The bottom cell includes molybdenum as P-type layer formed on glass substrate, and layer of cadmium sulfide as N-type layer. The top cell includes amorphous silicon as top intrinsic layer, doped amorphous silicon as N-type layer and doped microcrystalline silicon as the P-type layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sulfur-containing compound is chosen from thiol compound, dithiocarboxylic acid compound, dithiocarbamic acid compound, thioamide compound or its tautomer and thiourea compound or its tautomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Composition: The content of silver with respect to total amount of silver nanowire ink is 0.05-1 %mass. The content of viscosity modifier with respect to total amount of silver nanowire ink is 0.01-1 %mass. The silver nanowire is contained in mixed solvent of water and alcohol. The content of silver nanowire in ink is 0.05-1 %mass. Preferred Properties: The viscosity of silver nanowire ink is 1-100 mPa.second. The surface tension of silver nanowire ink is 10-80 mN/m. The dispersed silver nanowire has average diameter of 50 nm or less, and average length of 10 mu m or more. The ratio of average length (nm) and average diameter (nm) is average aspect-ratio. The average aspect-ratio of the silver nanowire is 250 or more. The coating film has light transmittance 98.5% or more, sheet resistance of 40-60 ( Omega )/square and haze of 1.5% or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of water-soluble acryl-urethane copolymer resin with respect to silver nanowire ink is 0.05-2 %mass. Water-soluble acryl-urethane copolymer resin is added as binder component. The base material is glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyether-sulfone, polyarylate, amorphous polyolefin and/or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The mask material includes metal comprising of at least one of chromium and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal salt is chloride, acetylacetonate, nitrate, acetate, carbonate, phosphate, sulfate, oxalate and/or hydrate of iron, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, manganese, zinc and/or magnesium. The nitrogen-containing ligand is 4,4'-bipyridine, 2,2'-bipyridine, o-phenanthroline, pyridinediamine and/or melamine. The mass ratio of nitrogen-containing ligand and m-phenylenediamine coated carrier is 1:1-1:100. The concentration of m-phenylenediamine coated carrier in water is 0.1-100 mg/ml. The acidic aqueous solution is boric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, tungsten acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphorus acid, nitric acid and/or perchloric acid, the concentration of the acidic aqueous solution is 0.1-10 mol/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of aqueous solution of m-phenylenediamine is 0.001-0.5 mol/l. The carrier is carbon black, activated carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon fiber, graphene, metal oxide and/or nonmetal oxide, and concentration of carrier in water is 0.1-100 mg/ml. The persulfate salt is ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate and/or sodium persulfate and the concentration of aqueous persulfate solution is 0.01-1 mol/l. The molar ratio of persulfate and m-phenylenediamine monomer is 1:1-10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of the cathode electric catalyst involves mixing carbon precursor with solvent according to the molar ratio of 1:1-1:100, heating at 95 degrees C and stirring to fully dissolve to form a clear solution A, 0.5-20 mg/l selenium containing precursor and solvent with molar ratio of 1:1-1:100 to obtain mixture B, adding the mixture B to the solution A, continuously mixing to form a uniform dispersion C, where the ratio of selenium containing precursor with carbon-containing precursor is 1:10-1:100, hydrothermally covering the dispersion C in sealed reactor for 1-10 hours under high-pressure and certain temperature to obtain product D, where the reaction temperature is 60-160 degrees C and the pressure is 0.1-15 MPa, and continuously stirring the product D at room temperature of 95 degrees C, completely evaporating an organic solvent and water at 60-80 degrees C and drying to obtain compound E, aging the dried composite for 1-7 days and pulverized to obtain a solid powder F, carbonizing the solid powder F at 700-1000 degrees C under inert gas conditions or under nitrogen atmosphere for 0.5-8 hours to obtain a solid powder G, milling the powder G at 100-1000 rpm for 1-8 hours, and drying to obtain a catalyst. Preferred Components: The inert gas is nitrogen, argon or helium, and the nitrogen atmosphere is ammonia/nitrogen, ammonia, acetonitrile or hydrogen cyanide atmosphere.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is water, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: M in the transition metal oxides (MxOy) is VIB, VIIB, VIII of element and the conductive carrier is activated carbon, conductive carbon black, graphite carbon , carbon nanotubes or carbon nanofibers. Preferred Process: The catalyst is obtained by grinding transition metal oxides and conductive carrier in a mortar, mixing platinum precursor solution and carrier, adding small amount of 1-3C alcohol, sufficiently stirring and ultrasonically mixing, uniformly mixing the above slurry at 50-80 degrees C water bath conditions, constantly stirring until the mixture of volatile solvent is slowly dried surface for 2-24 hours, vacuum drying at 50-80 degrees C, drying the mixture under inert gas atmosphere and calcining at 60-100 degrees C for 2-12 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is P type or N type silicon substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The impurity atom is cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymerizable monomer is acrylic monomer, styrene or its derivative. The initiator is 2,2'-azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride or azobisisobutyronitrile or persulfate. The alkyl orthosilicate is methyl orthosilicate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, propyl orthosilicate or butyl orthosilicate. The silane coupling agent is alkene-based silane coupling agent or amino-based silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The stabilizer is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The etching of crystalline silicon wafer is performed at 50-100 degrees C for 30 seconds to 60 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali compound is chosen from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide and tetraethylammonium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The texture etchant composition further contains a polysaccharide chosen from glucan compound, fructan compound, mannan compound, galactan compound and their metal salts. The glucan compound is chosen from cellulose, dimethylaminoethyl cellulose, diethylaminoethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, 4-aminobenzyl cellulose, triethylaminoethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, alginic acid, amylose, amylopectin, pectin, starch, dextrin, alpha -cyclodextrin, beta -cyclodextrin, gamma -cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl beta -cyclodextrin, methyl-( beta )-cyclodextrin, dextran, dextran sodium sulfate, saponin, glycogen, zymosan, lentinan, and their metal salts. The texture etchant composition comprises 0.5-5 wt.% alkali compound, 0.001-5 wt.% polyethylene glycol-based compound, 0.0001-2 wt.% polysaccharide, and water as remainder. Preferred Definitions:    M=sodium or potassium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Disulfide polymer is a compound which has structure of formula (-S-X-S-S-Z-S-)n (1). Conductive polymer is polyaniline, polyaniline derivative, polypyrrole, polypyrrole derivative, polythiophene, and/or polythiophene derivative.X,Z=organic group; andn=positive natural number.Preferred Parameter: Disulfide polymer has weight average molecular weight of 5000-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Polyimide resin and/or polyimide-resin precursor includes cycloaliphatic skeleton, fluorinated skeleton and/or biphenyl skeleton.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal oxide layer consists of three copper oxides cuprous oxide, cupric oxide and paramelaconite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The dopant of the metal oxide layer is selected from a group comprising gold, silver, iron, cobalt, nickel,ruthenium,rhodium,palladium,osmium, iridium or platium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: Metal is plated metal, alloy or stainless steel. Preferred Property: The coating thickness of the metal is 0.01-500 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of silsesquioxane complex polymer is 1000-1000000. Preferred Composition: The metal coating composition is solventless-type composition further containing organic solvent, initiator, and curing agent, UV absorber, antioxidant, antifoaming agent, leveling agent, water repellent, flame retardant and/or adhesion improving agent. Preferred Definitions:    a=3-1000;    b=1-500;    d=1-500;and    n=4-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The difference of surface free energy of the polymer (B) and block copolymer (A) is 1-20 mN/m. The polymer (B) comprises 10-50 mol% structural unit containing fluorine atom and/or silicon atom, based on 100 mol% of the polymer (B). The polymer (B) comprises all kinds of structural units in the copolymer (A). The composition further comprises compound having relative permittivity of 20-75 and boiling point of 180-300 degrees C at 1 atmosphere. Preferred Process: The pattern-forming method further involves providing an underlayer film (102) on a substrate. A pre-pattern (103) is formed before providing the coating film. The coating film is provided in a region compartmentalized by the pattern. A line-and-space pattern or hole pattern is formed after removing the portion of the phases of the directed self-assembling film.
EXAMPLE - 71.9 g 3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl-trimethoxy silane, 25.5 g 1,3,5-tris((3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)methyl)cyclotrisiloxane, and 67.0 g tetramethyldihydrodisiloxane were placed in 500 ml four-necked flask, and cooled to 5-15 degrees C. To the mixture, 8.2 g sulfuric acid was added and mixed well, and then 18.7 g ion- exchange water was added dropwise. After completion of dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred for 8 hours. After completion of stirring, the solution was settled for 15 minutes, and a supernatant was removed. 300 ml Water was further added, the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes and settled for 15 minutes, and a supernatant was removed. The operation was repeated three times to remove an acid remained in a product. To the solution, 3 g sodium sulfate decahydrate was added and filtered to remove contained water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The nanosilver web product has diameter of 40-60 nm and average length of 5-12 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The block copolymer is prepared by performing living radical polymerization of an addition cleavage-type chain transfer reaction compound of formula: R1-S-C(=S)(-Z) (II) and a hydrophobic vinyl-type monomer of formula: H2C=C(-R5)(-X-R2) (III) or (IV) in an organic solvent, de-protecting group (R3) and group (R4) of living polymer, and obtaining hydroxyl group. EXAMPLE - 300 mg Dimethoxy styrene, 6.3 mg 2-cyano-2-propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate, 1 mg azobisisobutyronitrile, and 500 mg dioxane were reacted at 70 degrees C for 20 hours. The reacted solution was dripped into hexane, and centrifuged for 10 minutes. The resultant product was vacuum dried, to obtain block copolymer with a weight average molecular weight of 4800.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The method comprises either (i) adding lead acetate to mixed solution of water and ethanol in 1:1-1:90 ratio and ultrasonic dispersing to obtain orange yellow lead oxide colloidal solution; (ii) adding carbon to lead oxide colloidal solution obtained in step (i) in which the weight ratio of carbon and lead is 49:1-1:1, ultrasonic dispersing and drying to obtain lead oxide/carbon; and (iii) mixing ethylene glycol solution of platinum and glycol dispersion liquid of lead oxide/carbon, adding water greater the volume of mixture, adjusting the pH to 6-7, filtering, washing and drying; or preparing lead oxide colloidal solution according to step (i), adding colloidal solution to ethylene glycol at 10-100 degrees C to obtain lead oxide colloidal solution, adding carbon carrier to glycol suspension, adding water greater than the glycol suspension, adjusting the pH to 5-6, allowing to stand for 2 or more hours, filtering, washing and drying; or preparing lead oxide colloidal solution according to step (i), uniformly dispersing platinum/carbon in water, adding into lead oxide colloidal solution, adding ethylene glycol, adjusting the pH to 6-8, filtering, washing and drying. Preferred Method: In step (ii) and/or (iii) the drying temperature is less than or equal to 120 degrees C. Preferred Components: The atomic ratio of platinum and lead on carbon atomic surface is 2:1-19:1. The carbon carrier is: either XC-72, BP2000, KB carbon powder, acetylene black, carbon nano tube, graphite oxide and/or graphene; or acid processed, alkali processed or hydrogen peroxide processed XC-72, BP2000, KB carbon powder, acetylene black, carbon nano tube, graphite oxide and/or graphene. The concentration of the colloidal solution is 0.001-1 mg m/l and the ratio of platinum to lead is 1:50-85:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (i), the concentration of the metal salt solution is 0.001-1 M. In the step (ii), the amino group containing small molecular alkali is urea, hexamethylenetetramine and/or 25% aqueous ammonia. The alkaline solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide and/or ethylenediamine. The prepared transition metal oxide nanoparticle is cobalt(II, III) oxide, manganese(II, III) oxide, copper(II) oxide or nickel(II) oxide, or (CoxMn(3-x)O4), (CuxMn(3-x)O4), (Ni-xMn(3-x)O4), (CuxCo(3-x)O4), (NixCo(3-x)O4) or (CuxNi(3-x)O4), where x is greater than 0 and less than 3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent is alkylphenol ethoxylates, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyoxyethylene - polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, and sodium dodecyl succinic acid. The conductive carbon black is acetylene black, Vulcan XC 72 (RTM: Carbon powder), and Black pearls. The hydrophobic agent is PTFE emulsion, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride latex, and polychlorotrifluoroethylene suspension containing chlorotrifluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particle size of the ruthenium oxide is 1-50 nm. The catalyst and ruthenium oxide are uniformly dispersed in nano grade level.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol comprises ethanol, n-propanol and/or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst contains platinum and/or ruthenium alloys, or platinum, ruthenium alloy or its mixture of oxide, or platinum, ruthenium and/or ruthenium oxide alloy, and carrier having a certain surface area than carbon or oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal salt is cobalt, nickel, silver, iron, tin, or copper chloride salt. The mass ratio of palladium chloride and metal salt mixture is 0.2:1-5:1. The mass ratio of palladium chloride and metal salt mixture and complexing agent is 0.2:1-5:1. The mass ratio of palladium chloride or palladium chloride and metal salt mixture and benzene benzotriazole modified carbon carrier is 1:3-1:6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, benzene, toluene, and/or chloroform. The protic solvent is hydrazine, ethylene glycol, glycerol, sodium boron hydride aqueous solution, or ethanol aqueous solution. The complexing agent is triethanolamine, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, hexametaphosphate, or EDTA.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulator is made of silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic coating composition optionally contains initiator and organic solvent. The coating composition further contains curing agent, UV-absorbing agent, antioxidant, antifoaming agent, leveling agent, water repellent, flame retardant or adhesion improving agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The seed crystal is a hexagonal crystal. The mask or substrate (1002) used during the manufacturing process contains diamond-like carbon, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, nitrided aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, yttrium oxide, yttrium-aluminum-garnet, tantalum, rhenium, tungsten, or oxide of aluminum-gallium nitride of formula: AlxGa1-xN (I), where x is 0-1 (including 1). The group-III nitride crystal contains aluminum-gallium-indium nitride of formula: AlxGayIn1-x-yN (II), where y is 0-1 (including 0 and 1), and x+y is 1 or less. The primary and secondary group-III nitride crystals are gallium nitride. The group-III element halide used during the manufacturing process is chosen from aluminum chloride, gallium chloride, and indium chloride. The nitrogen-containing gas used during the manufacturing process is ammonia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The resin film has hue change of 2 or less in hue b value when heated at 25-250 degrees C. The curable resin layer has surface roughness of 100 nm or less. Preferred Process: The surface-modification process of the surface of the curable resin layer side of the thermoplastic resin layer is carried out, and surface-modification process is corona treatment, UV process, or a plasma processing. The curable resin layer is obtained by curing the curable resin composition by an active energy ray and/or at 150 degrees C or more. Preferred Composition: The curable resin composition contains cage silsesquioxane-type oligomer which has oxetanyl group, alicyclic epoxy monomer, optical cation generating agent and thermal cation generating agent. The content of optical cation generating agent is 1-3 pts. wt. with respect to curable monomer in curable resin composition, and 100 pts. wt. total content of hardenable oligomer. The content of thermal cation generating agent is 1-5 pts. wt. with respect to curable monomer in curable resin composition, and 100 pts. wt. total content of hardenable oligomer. The content of the thermal cation generating agent is more than the content of optical cation generating agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thickness of ultra-thin metal oxide film is 0.5-9 nm. The density of the ultra-thin metal oxide is 4.2 g/cm3 or more. The inorganic oxide layer is formed on the plastic base material (1). The ratio of metal hydroxide and metal oxide in the inorganic oxide layer is 0.1 or less. The ultra-thin metal oxide film contains titanium, zirconium, hafnium or aluminum. The gas-barrier laminated frame includes cationic material formed on the ultra-thin metal oxide film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The two-sided type solar cell is made of boronsilicate glass (BSG) and phosphersilicate glass (PSG).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first impurity contained arsenic, antimony or phosphorus. The second impurity contained boron, aluminum, gallium or phosphorus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst comprise the platinum (Pt)/aluminum oxide (Al203), palladium (PD)/Al203, and Pt/titanium dioxide (Ti02) or Pd/Ti02.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composition further contains an acid generator that generates acid upon application of energy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer is a block copolymer preferably diblock copolymer or triblock copolymer. Only one kind of block of the block copolymer comprises the crosslinkable group. The crosslinkable group is an oxiranyl group, an oxetanyl group, a tetrahydrofurfuryl group, a vinyl group and/or a vinyl ether group. The block copolymer comprises polystyrene block having crosslinkable group and comprising styrene unit, and a poly(meth)acrylate block comprising (meth)acrylic acid ester unit. Only one kind of polymer in the polymer set comprises the crosslinkable group. The polymer set comprises a styrene polymer containing crosslinkable group and an acrylic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The barrier layer is formed from silicon oxide of formula: SiOx, silicon nitride of formula: SiNx, silicon carbide of formula: SiCx, titania, aluminum oxide of formula: AlOx, and/or their alloys. The precursor layer used in the manufacture of solar cell is chosen from silicon nitride oxide layer of formula: SiNxOy, silicon nitride layer of formula: SiNx and alumina layer. The dopant is phosphorus, arsenic or antimony.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The NP is selected from transition metals, their compounds and/or their alloys. Preferred Process: Preparing encapsulating structure involves in-situ formation of encapsulating graphitic shells around the core structure of NPs on graphene during the PLD process. PLD was carried out using a high energy pulsed ultraviolet laser beam. Preferred Conditions: The PLD process was carried out at a suitable pressure of 10-2 to l0-10 mbar, and at substrate temperature of 350-1000 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is chosen from carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black, aluminum powder and/or boron nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The UHMWPE is disentangled UHMWPE powder and compressed UHMWPE preform. Preferred Conditions: The predetermined linear roller speed is 2-200 cm/minute. The predetermined temperature (T1) and predetermined temperature (T2) is less than the melt temperature of UHMWPE. The speed of the hot-stretching of the pre-laminate is 10-80 mm/minute. The stretching ratio of the length of the hot-stretched product and the pre-laminate is 30-250. Preferred Process: The process further involves adding additive to the UHMWPE polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Properties: The nanoweb has moisture content of 3 wt.% or more, wettability of 2-15 cm, and contact angle of 90 degrees or less. Preferred Components: The nanofibers are polyimide nanofibers, and include 0.1-20 pts. wt. hydrophilizing additive. The hydrophilizing additive is chosen from anatase-type titanium dioxide, rutile-type titanium dioxide, brookite-type titanium dioxide, tin dioxide, zirconia, aluminum oxide, single-walled carbon nanotube, multi-walled carbon nanotube, oxidized graphite and graphene oxide, or polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate, polyvinylacetate, polyurethane, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethylmethacrylate and/or epoxy resin, and has average particle diameter of 0.005-1 mu m. The main chain of the polyimide includes amine group, carboxyl group and/or hydroxyl group. The polyimide is obtained by polymerizing diamine, dianhydride and comonomer containing hydroxyl groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The neutral zinc-iron based dual liquid flow battery further comprises positive electrode end plate, current collector, film, positive electrode and cathode. The aqueous solution containing zinc ions is zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate and zinc chloride. The positive electrolyte or/and cathode electrolyte comprises additive such as potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The base layer contains a polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The subcell is made of indium-gallium-arsenide. The compensation layer includes gallium arsenide, gallium indium arsenide, aluminum gallium indium arsenide, gallium indium phosphide, aluminum gallium indium phosphide, gallium arsenide phosphide and gallium indium arsenide phosphide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bi-functional catalyst comprises iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, gold, hafnium, platinum, titanium, rhenium, tantalum, thallium, vanadium, niobium, scandium, chromium, gallium, zirconium, molybdenum and/or its alloys, nickel oxide, an iron oxide or a manganese oxide and /or tungsten carbide. The metal-air battery comprises metal anode comprising carbon, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium barium, radium, aluminum and/or silicon. Preferred Composition: The carbon material further comprises less than 500 ppm all other elements, excluding the bi-functional catalyst, having atomic numbers of 11-92, as measured by proton induced x-ray emission.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal-air battery further comprises solvent comprising acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and/or 1,2-dimethyl-3-propyl imidazolium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The absorber layer is made from copper, aluminum, gallium, thallium, sulfur and selenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lower alcohol is 1-12C group, and consists of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, a butanol, pentanol or hexanol. The wettability agent is an organic compound, which has a surfactant effect. The surfactant is ethyl acetate. The organic silicon is an organosilicon compound i.e. orthosilicic acid tetraethyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The barrier layer is made up of titanium (Ti) and titanium nitride (TiN). The bonding layer is made up of nickel (Ni). The conductive substrate is selected from a copper (Cu) or a stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sulfur-oxide gas is sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxide sinter comprises crystal phase of bixbite-type oxide structure. The sintered compact comprises particles having average particle diameter of 2 mu m or less, and tantalum component and/or zirconium component. Preferred Properties: The relative density of oxide sinter is 97% or more, and average particle diameter of 8 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The atmospheric gas used during the manufacturing process contains ammonia.
Preferred Definitions:    B'=Rh, Ru, or Ir; and    D'=Cu, Ni, or Co.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The impurity atom is magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The quantum dot is cadmium tellurite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The crucible is cast iron mold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive material is carbon material. The carbon material is carbon fiber composite material or graphite product. The carbon fiber composite material is graphite fiber composite material, carbonized raw material, carbon fabric or carbon rope.The graphite product is graphite, crystalline flake graphite, graphite nanopowder, graphite superfine powder, colloidal graphite, high purity graphite, shaped graphite, high electroconductive graphite, expandable graphite material or graphite composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): No general preparation is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal complex is chosen from 14 compounds e.g. zinc sub-phthalocyanine, titanium sub-phthalocyanine, magnesium sub-phthalocyanine and aluminum sub-phthalocyanine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali-metal hydrides are 2 types of hydrides chosen from lithium hydride, potassium hydride and sodium hydride, preferably lithium hydride and potassium hydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The method includes selecting part of group III nitride as seed crystal, contacting surface of seed crystal with alkali-metal melt, and growing group III nitride crystal from seed crystal in which group III nitride crystal grown from seed crystals are combined. Preferred Components: Nitrogen source is nitrogen-containing gas, e.g. nitrogen gas (N2) and/or ammonia gas (NH3). Group III nitride crystal is represented by formula AlxGayIn1-x-yN. Group III nitride crystal is gallium nitride (GaN).x,y,x+y=0-1.Preferred Parameters: Group III nitride crystal has dislocation density of less than or equal to 1x 104/cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas barrier layer comprises inorganic vapor deposition film, or is obtained by performing an ion implantation process to the layer containing high molecular compound. The content of bluing agent is 0.01-30 %mass with respect to the whole resin layer containing the bluing agent. The gas-barrier laminate comprises laminated constitution of bluing agent content layer/gas barrier layer/base material, gas barrier layer/bluing agent content layer/base material and/or gas barrier layer/base material/bluing agent content layer. Preferred Properties: The bluing agent has maximal absorption wavelength of 520-600 nm. The water-vapor-permeation rate of gas-barrier laminate at 40 degrees C and relative humidity of 90% is 0.05g/(m2x day) or less. The basterisk values in the Lasteriskaasteriskbasterisk colorimetric system regulated to JIS Z 8729-1994 of gas-barrier laminate is -1.2 to 1.2. The light transmittance of gas-barrier laminate in wavelength of 550 nm is 85% or more. The thickness of resin layer is 0.1-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The group I element is selected from a group consisting of copper and silver. The group III element is selected from a group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium and Thallium. The metal precursor layer is formed of selenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The epoxy compound is manufactured by reacting 9H-fluorene derivative of formula (II) and oxirane compound of formula (III).X=halo.Preferred Component: The epoxy compound is preferably of formula (IV).A=group of formula (v);andr=0-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The cured material has a glass transition temperature of 25 degrees C or less. Preferred Definitions:    ring Z=phenyl, naphthyl, or biphenyl.    EXAMPLE - 582 g 9,9-Diphenyl-9H-fluorene derivative of formula (VII), 576.8 g epichlorohydrin, and 4 g trimethylammonium bromide were stirred and heated at 50 degrees C. 320 g Sodium hydroxide was added to the mixture and the mixture was reacted at 80 degrees C for 9 hours. The reaction solution was filtered after reaction and the filtrate was concentrated and heated at 70 degrees C. 500 g Methyl isobutyl ketone and 200 g magnesium sulfate were added to the mixture. The obtained solution was filtered and washed with toluene. 268 g Aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was dripped into the filtrate and the mixture was stirred at 70 degrees C in argon atmosphere for 1 hour. The resultant mixture was extracted, washed using distilled water, and dried, to obtain epoxy compound of formula (VIII).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal ion is lahthanoide ion Ln3+, preferably cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium (all preferred), Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Al3+, B3+, In3+, Y3+, La3+, Si4+ and/or Ti4+. Preferred Method: In the method, at least one metal compound is added to the polyol in steps (a) and/or (b).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyol is glycerol, glycol, diethylene glycol, butanediol, pentaerythritol and/or polyethylene glycol. EXAMPLE - 10 ml Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) and 0.5 mmol magnesium(II) chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2x6H2O) were heated to 230 degrees C in a nitrogen atmosphere in a round bottom flask with reflux condenser for 2 hours and cooled to obtain slightly brownish suspension with magnesium modified C-dots in PEG400 (50-200 mg C-dots per 10 ml PEG400), and then prepared suspension was directly dispersed in water to obtain carbon-dots with 45% quantum yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The surface-treated fiber film contains glass fibers. A portion or all of the glass fibers is bundled and surface-treated using a cured product of an organosilicon compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The metal layer is formed by metal plating, metal foil, or metal plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate preferably consists of a sheet of prepreg having surface-treated glass fiber film. The substrate contains white pigment, and further consists of a metal layer on surface of the surface-treated fiber film or laminate, an adhesive layer comprising an adhesive resin composition between the surface-treated fiber film and the metal layers. The adhesive resin composition is thermosetting resin composition. The thermosetting resin composition is a silicone resin composition. The silicone resin composition contains organopolysiloxane (A) of formula: (SiO2)a((R1)1-m(R2)mSiO1.5)b((R1)2-n(R2)nSiO)c((R1)3-l(R2)lSiO0.5)d (I), hydrogen polysiloxane (B) containing one or more hydrosilyl groups, and platinum-based catalyst (C) in an amount effective for curing. The thermosetting resin composition contains filler containing white pigment.R1=1-10C monovalent saturated hydrocarbyl or 6-12C monovalent aryl;R2=2-8C monovalent unsaturated hydrocarbyl;m=0-1;n=0-2;l=0-3;m+n+l=1-6 (including 1 and 6);a,b=0-1 (including 0 and 1);c,d=0-0.9 (including 0 and 0.9);a+b=more than 0;anda+b+c+d=1.Preferred Process: The prepreg is obtained by coating a thermosetting resin composition on the surface-treated glass fiber film, and drying. Preferred Property: The substrate is bendable at 90 degrees or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The tetrahydronaphthalene moiety (I) is of formula (II)-(III). Preferred Definitions:    Ar1=dimethylphenyl, dimethylpyridinyl, 3,6-dimethylpyradizinyl, 2,5-dimethylpyrimidinyl or 2,5-dimethylpyrazinyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total solid content of reactive-ultraviolet absorber (C) with respect to negative photosensitive resin composition is 0.01-20 %mass. The content of polymerization inhibitor (D) is 0.001-1 %mass. The reactive ultraviolet absorber (C) is ethylenic double bond-containing reactive ultraviolet absorber (C1) having benzophenone skeleton, benzotriazole skeleton, cyanoacrylate skeleton or triazine skeleton. The reactive ultraviolet absorber (C1) is benzotriazole compound of formula (I). The ink repellent agent (E) contains fluorine atom. The content of fluorine atom in ink repellent agent (E) is 1-40 %mass. The ink repellent agent (E) comprises a compound having ethylenic double bond. The ink repellent agent (E) is a partial hydrolysis-condensation product of hydrolyzable silane compound.R11-R19=H, OH, halo, or monovalent hydrocarbyl bonded with benzene directly or through oxygen atom (optionally substituted with ethylenic double bond, ether oxygen or ester bond), where at least 1 of R11-R19 is ethylenic double bond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal polysilicate is sodium polysilicate, potassium polysilicate and lithium polysilicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Squarylium derivatives e.g. (4-(4-(butyl(phenyl)amino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-(butyl(phenyl)imino)-2,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)-3-oxidocyclobuta-1,3-dien-1-yl)methanide of formula (Ia), and (2-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-(phenyl(tridecyl)amino)phenyl)-4-(4-(dodecyl(phenyl)imino)-2,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-3-oxidocyclobutyl)methanide, are disclosed.    EXAMPLE - To 300 ml 3-necked flask, 0.364 g squaric acid, 1.64 g N-(3,5-dihydroxy phenyl)butyl aniline dissolved in 60 ml butanol were added, heated, solvent of the reaction system was concentrated to 10 ml, 30 ml cyclohexane was added, and suction-filtrated. The resultant product was washed with methanol and hexane, and purified, to obtain 1.78 g (4-(4-(butyl(phenyl)amino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-(butyl(phenyl)imino)-2,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)-3-oxidocyclobuta-1,3-dien-1-yl)methanide with yield of 88%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous solution of hydroxide is an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide or cesium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide having concentration of 12-15 moles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antioxidant is ascorbic acid. The amino acid compound is glycine or ( beta )-alanine. The biocompatible reducing agent is a reductone, preferably ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid derivative or its salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The reaction solution further comprises a surfactant and/or an antioxidant. The surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The optoelectronic device comprises 2-100 wt.% (A) in an emitter layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Definitions:    D1, A1 = substituted carbocyclic moieties of formula (III) or (IV);    Y1, Y3 = C or N;    Y2, Y4 = CR1or NR2;    X1-X7 = N, O, S, Se, CH, NH, CR3 or NR4;    R1-R4 = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, adamantyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, allyl, ethynyl, phenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, furyl, thienyl or pyrolyl (all optionally substituted by alkoxy (-OR'), thioalkoxy (SR'), sulfonyl (-SO2R'), acyl (-COR'), formyl, carboxy (-CO2R'), boranyl (-BR'R''), sulfinyl (-SOR'), amine (NR'R''), phosphine (-PR'R''), phosphine oxide (-POR'R''), amide (-NR'COR''), silanyl (-SiR'R''R'''), CN, NO2, NO, NCO, NCS or F, Cl, Br or I) or H; and    R',R'', R''' = R1-R4.    Provided that R1 or R2 are corresponds to Z1 (donor) or Z2 (acceptor) in (I) or (II); side groups of Y2, X1-X3 and Y4, X4-X7 of the respective molecular moieties (donor D1, acceptor A1) are optionally linked together to form aliphatic, aromatic or (hetero) aromatic ring; and (A) comprises Cl, Br and/or I for increasing spin-orbit interaction.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 19 Compounds of (A) are disclosed, e.g. 3,5-diisopropyl-4-(4,5,6,7-tetramethyl-1-phenyl-1H-benzo(d)imidazol-2-yl)phthalonitrile of formula (Ia), 4-(5,6-dimethoxy-1-phenyl-1H-benzo(d)imidazol-2-yl)-3,5-diisopropylphthalonitrile, 4,4'-(pyrido(2,3-b)pyrazine-2,3-diyl)bis(N,N-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,5-dimethylaniline), 4,4'-(pyrido(2,3-b)pyrazine-2,3-diyl)bis(N,N-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)aniline) and 4-(1,3-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-9-(trifluoromethyl)-7H-furo(3,2-g)chromen-7-one.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves adding 49.5 mg platinum-diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine powder to three-necked flask, dissolving 15 mL toluene in 36 mg cobalt-60, adding to three-necked flask to obtain a dark green solution, stirring for 3 hours, filtering, evaporating under reduced pressure, concentrating the obtained solution to 3 mL, adding n-hexane to obtain dark green precipitate, centrifuging n-hexane and diethyl ether and vacuum drying to obtain cobalt-60 platinum-diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cerium salt is selected from cerium oxide, cerium oxide or cerium carbonate. The neodymium salt is selected from neodymium oxide or neodymium nitrate. The aluminum salt is selected from aluminum oxide, aluminum nitrate or aluminum fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by mixing calcium ion-containing compounds, lanthanum ion-containing compounds, ytterbium ion-containing compounds, and vanadium ion-containing compounds, adding acetone, mixing to obtain mixture, pre-calcining mixture at 250-650 degrees C for 1-14 hours under air atmosphere, naturally cooling, grinding, uniformly mixing, calcining under air 650-900 degrees C for 1-14 hours under air atmosphere, naturally cooling, grinding, uniformly mixing, calcining mixture at 900-1200 degrees C for 1-14 hours under air atmosphere, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 907 Compounds (I) are disclosed, e.g. tris(3-(3-bromophenyl)-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline)iridium of formula (Ia), tris(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-3-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline)iridium, tris(3-(dibenzo(b,d)furan-2-yl)-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline)iridium, tris(3-(2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline)iridium and tris(3-(1,1,2,2,3,3-hexamethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline)iridium.    EXAMPLE - 5.6 g N-Bromosuccinimide was added to suspension of 9.8 g tris(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-3-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline)iridium in 500 ml dichloromethane and stirred at 30 degrees C for 20 hours to obtain yellow suspension after removal of 450 ml dichloromethane under vacuum. Then the yellow suspension was treated with 100 ml methanol, filtered solid, washed three times with 30 ml methanol and then dried in vacuum to obtain 11.4 g tris(3-(3-bromophenyl)-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline)iridium with 93% yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Preprocessing of substrate involves ultrasonically cleaning substrate in acetone, ethanol, and deionized water, drying, placing substrate in hydrothermal kettle, adding and mixing 0.1-2M sodium nitrate, 0.01-1M trivalent ferric ion and mixed solution of water and an organic solvent, adjusting pH to 0.5-2 using hydrochloric acid precursor solution, stirring, heating for 0.5-24 hours, cooling to room temperature, and sintering. Preferred Composition: The solution containing ferric ions comprises 0.01-1M ferric chloride, ferric nitrate or other trivalent ferric ions. The calcining process is performed in air, 99.9% nitrogen atmosphere, 2-99.9999% hydrogen atmosphere containing nitrogen or other inert gas, or other inert gas. Preferred Components: The substrate is titanium plate, electrically conductive substrate, fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate, or stainless steel substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and/or acetone. The volume ratio of organic solvent and water is 0.5-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compounds (I) and (II) are prepared by taking coumarin-containing derivative of formula (III), cyanoacetic acid and rhodanine-3-acetic acid; and reacting compound (III) in first organic solvent, adding cyanoacetic acid or rhodanine-3-acetic acid, reacting with basic compound, heating, refluxing stirring, filtering, taking filter cake, and recrystallizing with second organic solvent. Preferred Components: The first organic solvent is acetonitrile. The basic compound is piperidine. The second organic solvent is chloroform. The ratio of compound (III), cyanoacetic acid or rhodanine-3-acetic acid, and basic compound is 1:1-5-2.5:0.05-0.15, preferably 1:2:0.1. The concentration of compound (III) is 3-6 mL/mmol, preferably 5 mL/mmol. Preferred Method: The reacting is carried out for 4-8 hours, preferably 6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the preparation of alumina sol coated chromium micro-powder comprises: (i.a) dispersing alumina sol and deionized water in a mass ratio of 0.2-5:10 at 60-90 degrees C under a water bath by magnetically stirring for 30-120 minutes, where the alumina sol is of formula ((Al2O3nH2O)bHX) (I); (i.b) adding the dispersed alumina sol into chromium powder, mixing by heating slowly until the moisture evaporates, where the mass ratio of alumina sol and chromium powder is 1:1000-1:10; and (i.c) evaporating the resultant mixture to dryness, then placing the mixture in an oven for secondary drying at 95-105 degrees C for 1.5-2.5 hours. The chromium powder is prepared by thermal reduction, carbothermal reduction, electrolysis or ball milling method, where the average particle size of the chromium powder is 45-100 mu m. In the step (iii), the molding pressure is 600-900 MPa, preferably 650-800 MPa. In the step (iv), the sintering is carried out at 1420-1480 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours under hydrogen or argon atmosphere. In the step (v), the cooling process is forcing inert cooling gas or cooling the furnace.Al2O3nH2O = hydrated alumina;n = 1-3;HX = peptizer, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid or nitric acid; andb = 0.1-0.5Preferred Components: The mass ratio of alumina sol in alumina sol coated chromium powder is 0.1-5 wt.%. The lubricant is KP-11, stearic acid, zinc stearate and/or lithium stearate. The amount of alloy element in the mixture is 0.2-6 wt.%, and the amount of lubricant in the mixture is 0.1-0.8 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ligand is ethanolamine or diethanolamine. Preferred Properties: The nitrogen containing functional group and the oxygen containing functional group have localized dipoles. The cation has an electronically asymmetric secondary coordination sphere that perturbs pairing with the anion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing polymer is poly-(4-vinylpyridine) or its derivative, polyethyleneimine, poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) methyl chloride, poly((2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) methyl bromide, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), or poly (diallyldimethylammonium bromide). The polyelectrolyte composite-based proton-conductive polymer membrane is processed with acid or hydrogen peroxide solution in water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: Glass contains tellurium. The amount of glass is 1-6 wt.% based on the total weight of the paste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic particles are silver. Precursor comprises silicon wafer and at least one n-doped region and p-doped region. Preferred Property: The oxidation state of lead is +2 to +4 and molybdenum is +3 to +6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The heat-resistant polymeric nanofiber sheet is oxypan nanofiber. The oxypan separation membrane has contact angle of 10-30 degrees . Preferred Method: The heat treatment is carried out at 150-300 degrees C. EXAMPLE - 3.4 g Polyacrylonitrile was added into 20 ml dimethylformamide, stirred at room temperature to obtain polyacrylonitrile spinning solution, the polyacrylonitrile spinning solution was radiated at a discharge rate of 1 ml/hour, then nanofibers were laminated on an integrated plate under voltage of 13 kV, and electrospun for 8 hours to obtain polyacrylonitrile nanofiber sheet. The obtained polyacrylonitrile nanofiber sheet was laminated to obtain nanofiber sheet having thickness of 20 mu m, and heat treated at 250 degrees C for 1 hour to obtain oxypan separation membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The content of the gold active component in the catalyst is 0.1-5 wt.%. Preferred Method: The method specifically comprises placing the microspheres carrier in 0.005-0.02 g/ml gold(iii) chloride trihydrate solution, stirring constantly, adding 0.1-0.25 mol/l sodium hydroxide solution, adjusting pH to 8-12, stirring at room temperature for 2-7 hours, carrying out centrifugation, removing excess ions using deionized water, vacuum drying at 60-100 degrees C and finally carrying out calcination process at 250-450 degrees C for 2-5 hours obtain the catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The reactive intermediate is obtained by using 1-3.0 g 1-pyrenebutanol, 200-500 mg potassium carbonate, 1-6 g carbon tetrabromide, and 1-6 g triphenylphosphine reagent in 10-100 ml tetrahydrofuran with stirring in an ice bath for 3-30 hours. The formed reaction mixture is filtered on celite bed under reduced pressure. The obtained product is dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with distilled water to form organic phase, which is dried with magnesium sulfate, and then filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The formed product is also purified by column chromatography on silicon dioxide by using hexane-dichloromethane as eluent. The reaction mixture is extracted by evaporating tetrahydrofuran under reduced pressure to get an aqueous phase, which is extracted with dichloromethane. The aqueous phase is washed with saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution and distilled water. The formed crude product is purified on a silicon dioxide column by using dichloromethane and methanol as eluent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precious metal is rhenium, rubidium and/or iron. B is a tin, lead and cerium; the oxide insoluble in acid is tin dioxide, lead oxide and ceria. D is copper, nickel and cobalt. In the core-shell structure, the catalyst core is a platinum-tin-copper, platinum-tin-nickel, platinum-tin-cobalt, and the shell is heterostructure formed by platinum and tin dioxide defect. The catalyst core is platinum-lead-nickel, platinum-lead-copper and platinum-lead-cobalt; and the shell is heterostructure formed by platinum and lead oxide defect. In step (v), the acid solution is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or nitric acid. Preferred Method: The step (ii) includes adding sodium hydroxide and other alkaline substances containing ethylene glycol solution into the mixed solution to adjust the pH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phenolic antioxidant is of formula (I).R1=methyl;andR2,R3=1-5C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyamide resin is polyamide 6, polyamide 12, polyamide 66, polyamide 6/66, polyamide 6/12, polyamide 6/6T, polyamide 6/6I or their copolymer. The maleimide-type copolymer is n-phenylmaleimide/styrene copolymer. The polyamide resin composition further comprises additive including antioxidant, flame retardant, fluorescent brightener, plasticizer, thickening agent, antistatic agent, release agent, pigment and/or nucleating agent. Preferred Properties: The polyamide resin has relative viscosity of 2-3.5, tensile strength of 1000 kg/cm2 or more based on ASTM D638, flexural strength of 1500 kg/cm2 or more based on ASTM D790, and heat distortion temperature of 150 degrees C or more at 4.6 kg/cm2 load based on ASTM D64.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ratio of weight average molecular weight (Mw) with respect to number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polyvinyl acetal is 2.8-12, calculated by differential refractive index detector in the gel-permeation-chromatography measurement. The polyvinyl acetal has a functional group chosen from amide group, amino group, ester group, carbonyl group and vinyl group, preferably amide group or amino group. The thermoplastic resin is styrene resin or alpha -olefin (co)polymer. The to-be-adhered material consists of a polar polymer which has a functional group chosen from amide group, ester group, carbonate group, acetal group, ether group, sulfide group, nitrile group, hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, amino group and sulfonic acid group. Preferably, the polar polymer is polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate, polyacetal, polyphenylene sulfide, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl acetate, poly (meth)acrylate, polyether, polyketone, ionomer, polyurethane and/or polyurea. Preferred Process: The molded material is formed by irradiating plasma on one or more portion of the surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation is given. EXAMPLE - 14.9 g 1,2,4-Cyclohexane tricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride-4-chloride and 40 g acetone were added into a 300 ml 4-necked flask, stirred, 10 g 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene, 120 g acetone, and 6.39 g triethylamine were added, stirred and reacted at 0-5 degrees C for 1 hour. The resultant reaction mixture was extracted using 60 g ethyl acetate and washed using 100 g ion-exchange water for three times. The resultant ethyl acetate layer was concentrated, dried, 17.8 g crude crystals were mixed with 200 g toluene and 27.8 g acetic anhydride at room temperature and reacted. The resultant reaction mixture was filtered, crystallized, washed with toluene and dried, to obtain 6.3 g white crystals of 9,9-bis (4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenylcarbonylamino)phenyl)fluorene dianhydride with yield of 80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The barrier layer of quantum well solar cell is made of gallium arsenide or aluminum gallium arsenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction is carried out in presence of inert gas chosen from helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon. The reaction does not form metallic aluminum. The method involves using solvent (a) and solvent (b), and inert liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert liquid comprises saturated or unsaturated linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon containing 1-5 carbon atoms per molecule, carbon tetrachloride or Vertrel XF (RTM: hydrofluorocarbon fluid with zero ozone-depletion potential), and has gravimetric density of more than 1.49 g/cm3 to less than 2.07 g/cm3, more than 1.49 g/cm3 to less than 3.21 g/cm3 or more than 1.49 g/cm3 to less than 3.67 g/cm3, and does not chemically react with reactants. The solvent (a) is diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran. The solvent (b) is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Preferred Definitions:    X=Cl, Br, or I;and    M=Li, Na or K.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of conductive particles is 60-90 wt.%. The content of dielectric and/or insulating particles is 0.1-60 wt.%. The substrate is glass, ceramic, polymer and/or metal. The metal preform is a metal foil which is silver and/or copper. The solder material is lead-free, and contains tin, copper, silver, bismuth indium, zinc and/or antimony. The article comprises lead, wire, ribbon, and/or sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polymer thick film composition has viscosity of 30-250 kcPs or less. Preferred Composition: The polymer thick film composition comprises polymer, solvent, and conductive particles, dielectric particles and/or insulating particles. The content of polymer is 1-30 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The optoelectronic device comprises 2-100 wt.% (I) in an emitter layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): No preparation method is given. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 9 Compounds (I) are disclosed, e.g. 6-(1,3-dimethyl-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-7-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one of formula (Ia), 6-(2H-isoindol-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one, 5-(8,10-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido(3,2,1-ij)quinolin-9-yl)-4,6-dimethylisophthalonitrile, 4'-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,2',6,6'-tetramethylbiphenyl-4-carbaldehyde and 4'-(diphenylamino)-2,2',6,6'-tetramethylbiphenyl-4-carbaldehyde.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating further comprises a binder and barium hydroxide, and has a thickness of 1000-2000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The semiconductor material is made of polycrystalline silicon. The cell comprises a wide bandgap semiconductor layer including a material that is made of amorphous silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cell comprises a wide bandgap semiconductor layer including a material that is selected from a group consisting of silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, aluminum gallium nitride and boron nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glassware is in a form of flat glass, glass tube or glass flask. The glass is soda lime silicate glass, lead silicate glass, or aluminosilicate glass. Preferred Properties: The particles (B) and particles (A) have average diameter of 10-30 nm and 250-350 nm, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive layer is a layer formed of the metal nanoparticle. The metal nanoparticle is a silver nanoparticle. The support body and the conductive layer are laminated via a primer layer. Preferred Method: The metal nanoparticle is distributed by the polymer dispersing agent. The conductive layer is formed on the support body.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable resin composition further contains polyfunctional (meth)acrylic-type polymerizable monomer (D) and fluorescent substance. The content of polymer (A), monomer (B), and monomer (D) in the curable resin composition is 5-50 %mass, 20-94 %mass, and 1-50 %mass, respectively, with respect to total amount of polymer (A), monomer (B), and monomer (D).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is selected from gold, silver, copper, nickel, platinum, palladium and silver-gold alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is selected water, alcohols, dichloromethane, chloroform, glycerol or acetic acid. The polar solvent is selected from ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, 1-butanol, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethylacetamide, hexamethyl phosphate triamide, ammonia or organic amine compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The metal nanostructure is metal nanowire, metal nanobar, metal nanotube or metal nanofiber, preferably silver nanowire. The support base is selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyolefin or celluloses.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molar ratio of copper chloride, thiourea, gallium trichloride and tin tetrachloride is 1:2-2.5:1:0.05-0.2. The usage amount of reaction solution is 60-80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: Thickness of metal layer is 1-100 nm and of plastic film is 20-300 mu m. Ratio of metal layer thickness of the part which does not have metal convex part containing particle and metal layer thickness of metal convex part containing particle is 0.1-8 or 1.2-2. Metal convex part containing particle has average diameter of 0.06-0.6 mu m, average height of 0.06-0.6 mu m and average space of 0.2-1 mu m. Average particle diameter of particle is 0.05-0.5 mu m. Preferred Components: Material of plastic film is greater than or equal to 95 mass% polyester film and includes gold or silver when material of metal layer is 100 mass%. Preferred Process: Metal convex part which contains particle is formed by irradiating energy pulse light.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass comprises composition of 45-75 %mass silicon dioxide, 0-10 %mass lithium oxide, 0-10 %mass boron trioxide, 0-30 %mass aluminum oxide, 5-5 %mass sodium oxide and 0-10 %mass potassium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer semiconductor layer is included in an electrode/organic layer interface of the organic electronic device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The organic electroluminescent element includes several light-emission units which are laminated on series system through the charge-generating film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acceptor element contains barium, boron, boric acid, boric acid ester or boron trioxide.The composition further comprises aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, strontium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide and zirconium oxide. The barium compound is barium oxide, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, and barium hydroxide. The compound is a glass compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The content of cristobalite in the opaque quartz glass is 2% or less. The content of metal impurity of sodium, magnesium, aluminum, potassium, calcium, chromium, iron, copper, and zinc in the opaque quartz glass is 10 ppm or less, preferably 1 ppm or less. The volume ratio of pore-making material with respect to amorphous silica powder used during the manufacturing process is 0.04-0.35. The opaque quartz glass has a transparent silica glass layer on the surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pore-making material is graphite powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rubber (A) is fluororubber. The composition further contains silicon-dioxide-containing compound (B) and fluororesin (C). The content of silicon-dioxide-containing compound is 0.1-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass rubber (A). The volume ratio of rubber and fluororesin is 60/40-99/1. The molded component has linear convex portion on surface of molded component. Preferred Properties: The ratio of ratio of intensity (bX) with an absorption position of 1097 cm-1 measured by conducting infrared-spectroscopy analysis of the molded component surface, and intensity (aX) with an absorption position of 1395 cm-1, and ratio of intensity (bY) with an absorption position of 1097 cm-1 measured by conducting infrared-spectroscopy analysis of inside of molded component, and intensity (aY) with an absorption position of 1395 cm-1, is 2 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The device further consists of protective layer (48), insulating layer (43), matching layer (44) formed of tantalum pentoxide, gate electrode (42), source electrode, drain electrode (46) and semiconductor layer. The p-type oxide layer is channel layer (45). Preferred Composition: The copper monoxide is of formula: (OCu2)x+(Cu1-2)y, where x is 0.05-1 and y is 0.01-0.9. The tin monoxide is of formula: (OSn)z+(Sn1-2)w, where z is 0.05-1 and w is 0.01-0.9. The copper-tin oxide is of formula: (O-Cu-Sn)a+(Cua'-Snb')b. The nickel tin oxide is of formula: (O-Ni)a+(Nia'-Snb')b, where a' and b' is 0-2, and a is 0.05-1 and b is 0.01-0.9. The p-type oxide layer has amorphous structure, nano-crystalline structure, or polycrystalline structure. The device further comprises substrate (41) formed of metal, silicon, polymer and cellulose paper. The content of impurities is 0.2 wt.% with respect to the total weight of p-type oxide layer. The protective layer formed of magnesium fluoride, silicon oxide or silicon nitride. The p-type oxide layer has electrical conductivity of 10-6 S/cm-1 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The content of silicon dioxide in the fluorosilicic acid solution is 10-50 wt.%. The surface treatment solution further contains potassium fluoride or boric acid. The washing solution used during the manufacturing process is hydrofluoric acid solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The plating liquid is hydrogen fluoride. The insulating layer is made of silicon nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The preparation of quantum dot nanoparticles further involves monitoring an optical property (absorbance spectrum or emission spectrum) related to the size of the cores and stopping the reaction when the cores reach a preselected size. The cores are isolated by filtration. A nonsolvent is added to the reaction mixture to induce precipitation of the cores. A small amount of material is etched from the core using hydrofluoric acid, before reacting the core with the shell precursor. A coordinating ligand is added during the shelling reaction to stabilize the shelling reaction. Preferred Components: The coordinating ligand is myristic acid. Dithiocarbamate ligand (a) is of formula: S=C(-S-)-N(-H)(-R) or S=C(-S-)-N(-R)2. The quantum dot nanoparticles further comprises dithiocarbamate capping ligands (b) of formula (I) and dithiocarbonate capping ligands (c) of formula: R"-O-C(=S)-S-R"'.R=functional group comprising hydrophilic group or amphiphilic moiety;R'=alkyl, preferably ethyl;andR",R"'=functional group, preferably 12C hydrocarbyl with carboxylic acid functionality on C12 position.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (ii), the microwave device has microwave power of 5-10 kW. In the step (iii), the ultrasonic wave generator has power of 100-300 W.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal material is stainless steel, mild steel, titanium and titanium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic oxide is silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or n-methylpyrrolidone. The additive is glycerol, methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone or lithium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), PVDF-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, phthalazinone polyetherketone, polysulfone or polyether sulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal ion-containing solution is sodium cation solution, potassium cation solution, silver cation solution, calcium dication solution, magnesium dication solution, copper dication solution, zinc dication solution, iron trication solution, chromium trication solution or indium trication solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The platinum-based catalyst is platinum, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-tin alloy, platinum-iridium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-tungsten alloy, platinum-molybdenum alloy, platinum-palladium alloy or platinum-nickel alloy.The graphene carbon is graphite, graphite oxide, electrically conductive polymer or carbon-containing material.The inorganic salt is sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate or potassium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol or ethanediol. The g-C3N4 precursor is urea, thiourea, guanidine, dicyandiamide, dicyandiamide or melamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phospholipid is a natural phospholipid, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl cholestyramine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and/or derivatives. The natural phospholipid is lecithin, soybean lecithin, cephalin and/or cardiolipin. The phosphatidylcholine is dioleoyl cholestyramine L-alpha-phosphatidylethanolamine, dipalmitoyl-LA-phosphatidyl ethanolamine and/or distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The phosphatidylcholine is distearoyl phosphatidyl choline, dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline and/or dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. The phosphatidylserine comprises alkanoyloxy-rac-glycerol-3-phosphate-L-serine, dioleoyl phosphatidylserine and/or L-alpha-phosphatidyl serine-L-one. The phosphatidylglycerol comprises L-alpha-casein-DL-phosphatidylglycerol, distearyl phosphatidylglycerol, di oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol and/or dimyristoyl phosphatidyl glycerol. The phosphatidylinositol comprises 3,5-bisphosphate comprising phosphatidylinositol, L-alpha-phosphatidylinositol, 1,2-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylinositol, and/or 1,2-stearyl phosphatidylinositol. The reducing agent is formaldehyde, formic acid, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, methanol, ethanol, polyols, hydrazine hydrate, citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid and derivatives. The organic solvent is methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, acetic acid, hexane, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, toluene and/or its derivatives.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 148 9H-carbazole compounds are specifically claimed e.g. N,N-diphenyl-4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-6-amine of formula (Ia), 4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N,N-bis(4-phenylphenyl)-8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-6-amine, N-(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuterophenyl)-4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N-(4-phenylphenyl)-8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-6-amine, N-(4-(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)-4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N-(4-phenylphenyl)-8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-6-amine and N-phenyl-N-(4-phenylnaphthalen-1-yl)-4-(9-(3-phenylphenyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-6-amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The precursor thin film is made of ternary compound copper-gallium-selenium or copper-selenium-gallium or quaternary compound including copper-indium-gallium-selenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive material is selected from the group consisting of metal powder providing carbon material, copper, silver, nickel, aluminum consisting of activated charcoal, mesoporous carbon, and graphite, carbon black, Ketjen black, acetyleneblack, active carbon powder, carbon molecular sieve, carbon nanotube, carbon nano-wire and micro pore.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lithium-air cell is provided with polymer separation membrane having polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), cellulose, PVC, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polymer selected from the group consisting of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF). An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a manufacturing method of lithium-air cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (A) comprises reacting 1,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-3,6-dimethylbenzene with tetra-hydroxylated aromatic compounds of formula (IX) and tetra-fluorinated aromatic compounds of formula (X). Preferred Components: The membrane is in the form of film or fiber. The membrane has pore size of 0.5-0.8 nm, and thickness of 10-100 mu m. The content of (A) in the step (a) is 0.1-5 wt.%. Preferred Method: In the step (b), the drying is performed at 10-70 degrees C. Preferred Definitions:    X = F.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The second semiconducting layer is made of silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The fabric substrate includes fiberglass, carbon fiber, aramid fiber and natural fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic material includes epoxy, thermosetting plastic and thermoplastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The colloidal silica particles takes form in which the spherical silica particles are connected with the bead string form, and comprises junction portion which mutually joins several spherical silica particles having average particle diameter of 5-50 nm. The colloidal silica particles have number average particle diameter (D1) of 30-300 nm measured by dynamic-light-scattering method is 30-300 nm, and the ratio of number average particle diameter (D1) and average particle diameter (D2) from the specific surface area is 3 or more. The spherical silica particles are connected planarly.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ClogP value of the polymeric compound is 2-10. Preferred Composition: The curable resin composition comprises polymerization initiator, solvent and alkali-soluble resin as binder, and polysiloxane component. The polymeric compound is chosen from group of formula (MO-1)-(MO-7). The content of polymeric compound is 5-150 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass colloidal silica particles.T=coupling group;R=hydroxy, alkyl or vinyl;andZ=coupling group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The gas barrier layer (5) is formed using coating solution containing silicon compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The silicone resin further has an organosiloxy unit of formula (II): SiO4/2. The silicone resin is the cured material of curable organopolysiloxane having organo siloxy units of formula (III,IV): R-Si(-OX)2O1/2, R-Si(-OX)O2/2, and organosiloxy unit of formula (I) in a molar ratio of 0-5:20-50:50-80. The number average molecular weight, ratio of mass mean molecular weight with respect to number average molecular weight, and particle diameter measured by dynamic-light-scattering method, of the curable organopolysiloxane is 500-2000, 1-2, and 0.5-100 nm, respectively. The curable organopolysiloxane is obtained by carrying out co-hydrolysis condensation of phenyl trichlorosilane and methyltrichlorosilane.X=H or 1-6C alkyl.Preferred Properties: The thickness of the silicone resin layer is 0.1-30 mu m. The support base material is a glass plate. The peeling strength of interface of the silicone resin layer with respect to layer of the glass substrate is lesser or higher than the peeling strength of the interface of the silicone resin layer with respect to layer of the support base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The non-metal thin film layer is made of non-metal material that is selected from group consisting of silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, copper oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide and TCO or indium tin oxide (ITO) materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The compound has a lattice constant (c) of more than 17.5 Angstrom in a direction perpendicular to a unit structure layer, and specific resistance of 1x 10-3 Omega .cm or less at 300 K. The ratio (a/a0) of an absorption coefficient (a) of the hafnium telluride compound with respect to absorption coefficient (a0) of trihafnium ditelluride at light range of 1.8-3.2 eV is 1 or less. Preferred Definitions:    A=phosphorus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Copper nanoparticles further comprise surfactant system containing bidentate diamine and one or more 6-18C alkylamines, and filler material. Filler material is flame retardants, UV protective agents, antioxidants, graphite, graphite oxide, graphene, carbon nanotubes, fiber materials and/or ceramic materials. Preferred Properties: Article comprises 10-99.9% copper nanoparticles. The size of the copper nanoparticles is 1-10 nm. The thermal conductivity of the article is 50-400 W/m.K. Preferred Process: The method for formation of nanoparticle network further involves curing matrix material and removing matrix material to leave behind the nanoparticle network comprising partially fused copper nanoparticles. The method for applying pressure involves extruding, inkjet printing or press molding mixture of copper nanoparticles and the matrix material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The composite has tensile strength of 5% or more and electrical conductivity of 1 order of magnitude. Preferred Composition: The magnetically sensitive nanoparticles comprises cobalt, vanadium, manganese, niobium, iron, nickel, copper, silicon, titanium, germanium, zirconium, tin, magnetically sensitive rare earth metals, and their oxides and alloys. The magnetically sensitive nanoparticles are chosen from neodymium magnet, iron, ferric oxide, iron oxide nanoparticles, nickel, and oxides of nickel (NiO and Ni2O3) and oxides of cobalt (CoO, Co2O3, and Co3O4). The carbon nanoparticles are graphene, fullerene, carbon nanotube fiber and/or carbon fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The host material is thermoset polymers, thermoplastic polymers, ceramics, metalloids, and/or alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mixing mass ratio of the gel formation polymer and electroconductive material is 8:2-2:8. The electroconductive material is carbon material. The gel formation polymer is vinyl resin containing vinyl monomer (a1) of formula: CH2=C(R1)COOR2 having carboxyl group, and vinyl monomer (a2).R1=H or methyl;andR2=4-36C branched alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The atomic ratio of antimony and magnesium is 0.1 or more. Preferred Properties: The reflecting film has minimum reflectance of 90% or more at wavelength of 405-550 nm. The electroconductive film has specific resistance of 7 mu ( Omega ).cm or less. The semipermeable membrane has film thickness of 15 nm or less, average transmittance of 40% or more at wavelength of 350-850 nm, and specific resistance of 10 mu ( Omega ).cm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal alkoxide compound is aluminum alkoxide, and the metal chelate compound has ( beta )-diketone as ligand. The low molecular silazane is chosen from cyclic low molecular silazane of formula (I), chain-shaped low molecular silazane of formula (II) or (III). The low molecular siloxane is cyclic low molecular siloxane of formula (IV) or (V). The gas-barrier film further has inorganic compound layer containing inorganic compound between base material and barrier layer.X1-X16,Y1-Y14=H, optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, vinyl, or (trialkoxy silyl)alkyl;anda,b=1-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The modified polysilazane has ratio ((SiH3):(SiH+SiH2)) of silyl group (SiH3) to sum total of silicon hydride group (SiH) and silylene group (SiH2) of preferably 1:12-28 measured by 29Si- nuclear magnetic resonance. The modified polysilazane is obtained by reacting polysilazane (A) containing silicon atom, hydrogen atom, and nitrogen atom with low molecular silazane and low molecular siloxane (b), and metal alkoxide compound and metal chelate compound (c).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The top battery is gallium-indium phosphide top cell. The middle battery is gallium-indium arsenide middle cell. The bottom battery is germanium bottom battery. The gallium-indium phosphide top cell comprises aluminum-indium phosphide window layer, gallium-indium phosphide transmission area, gallium-indium phosphide base area and back surface layer. The gallium-indium arsenide middle cell comprises window layer, gallium-indium arsenide emission cell, gallium-indium arsenide cell base and back surface layer. The germanium bottom cell comprises germanium sending cell and germanium base area.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of platinum/copper is 1/0.1-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low eutectic solvent is choline chloride/ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction inhibitor is chosen from citric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium salts, and potassium salt. The acid solution is chosen from sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hypochlorous acid. Preferred Process: The acid solution is contacted with palladium-containing particles by which the copper is substituted by platinum after substitution process. The palladium-containing particles are supported by the carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating liquid contains quantum dot and/or quantum rod. The barrier film consists of inorganic membrane containing compound chosen from silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide and aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The films (10,20) are provided with barrier film, hard-coat layer and light-diffusion layer. Preferred Properties: The difference between temperature of film (10), before irradiation of actinic rays to coating film (20) and film (50), and after irradiation is 25 degrees C or less. When the backup roller is made to contact with films (10,20), the difference of temperature of the backup roller and temperature of film (10) and difference of the temperature of backup roller and the temperature of film (20) is 25 degrees C or less, respectively. The temperature of films (10,20) is below glass transition temperature. The barrier film has oxygen transmission rate of 1 cm3/(m2.day.atm) or less. The viscosity of the coating liquid is 40-400 mPa.second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The raw material is formed of copper (Cu), indium (In), gallium (Ga) and selenium (Se).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The base material comprises composite base material chosen from resin, paper, glass, silicon-type semiconductor, compound semiconductor, metal oxide, metal nitride, and timber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The primary average particle diameter of microparticles (A) of copper salt is 1 nm to 5 mu m. The average particle diameter of metal microparticle is 1-1000 nm. Preferred Composition: The metallic compound comprises metallic element chosen from gold, silver, copper, platinum, and palladium, and is chosen from metal salt, metal oxide and metal sulfide. Preferred Process: During manufacture of electrically conductive portion, the heat-processing is carried out at 60-300 degrees C in non-oxidizing atmosphere.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper salt is chosen from copper formate, hydroxy copper acetate, copper glyoxylate, copper lactate, copper oxalate, cupric tartrate, copper maleate, and cupric citrate. The metal catalyst contains metal microparticles and/or metallic compound. The metal microparticles are chosen from gold fine particle, silver fine particles, copper fine particle, platinum microparticles, and palladium microparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicone resin further contains organo siloxy unit of formula: SiO2. Preferred Process: The silicone resin layer is formed using composition containing curable silicone including organopolysiloxane containing organo siloxy unit of formula: R-Si(-OX)2O1/2 and R-Si(-OX)O and organo siloxy unit (I) in ratio of 0-5:20-50:50-80, such that total content is 100. The organopolysiloxane is obtained by hydrolyzing phenyl trichlorosilane of formula: Ph-SiCl3 and methyltrichlorosilane of formula: H3C-SiCl3.X=H or 1-6C alkyl;andPh=phenyl.Preferred Properties: The organopolysiloxane has number average molecular weight of 500-2000, and mass mean molecular weight/number average molecular weight of 1-2. The thickness of the silicone resin layer is 0.1-15 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer membrane is a composite fine particle provided with the polymer brush layer, surface modified microparticles from the polymeric graft chain and monomer having polymerizable functional group forms by polymerizing. The resin comprises polystyrene, polystyrene derivative, polyimide, and polyimide derivative. The polymer membrane consists of polymeric graft chain from polystyrene and polystyrene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The dopant is boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl) and hydrogen. The dopant is at nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and bismuth (Bi) and hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: In the line analysis by electron probe microanalyzer, the concentration of cerium oxide in each depth of the catalyst particles is measured by the count number of L-( alpha ) ray, and the ratio of average value of the count number in the range to 25% of particle diameter from particle center and the average value of the count number in the range to 10% of particle diameter toward the particle surface is 0.5-5.5, and the concentration of zirconium oxide in each depth of the catalyst particles is measured by the count number of L-( alpha ) ray, and the ratio of average value of the count number in the range to 25% of particle diameter from particle center and the average value of the count number in the range to 10% of particle diameter toward the particle surface is 5.5-18. The ratio of total content of cerium oxide with respect to total content of zirconium oxide is 35 or less, measured by inductive coupling plasma process. The sum total of total content of zirconium oxide and cerium oxide is 3-32 wt.%, measured by the inductive coupling plasma process. In the line analysis by an electron probe microanalyzer, the concentration of the catalyst active species in each depth of the catalyst particles is measured by the count number of L-( alpha ) ray, the ratio of average value of the count number in the range to 25% of particle diameter from particle center and the average value of the count number in the range to 10% of particle diameter toward the particle surface is 0.5-6.5. Preferred Composition: The catalyst active species is chosen from platinum group elements, and comprise ruthenium. The inorganic porous carrier comprises alumina, silica, silica alumina, cordierite, or stainless steel, and has bead shape, a pellet form, or a honey-comb monolithic form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The high refractive index layer is selected either from indium tin oxide, indium-zinc oxide, or from indium gallium and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The transparent conductive layer is selected from gold, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, zinc, aluminum, manganese, germanium, bismuth, neodymium, and molybdenum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin support portion is selected from cellulose-ester resin, cycloolefin resin, and polycarbonate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metallic component has outline curve component of average length of 10 nm to 500 mu m, and corrugated shape of 10 nm to 300 mu m of 10-point average roughness on the metal surface to which the rubber component is joined.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The crosslinking process is performed after injection molding by using liquid injection molding machine, of the composition to metal surface. Preferred Composition: The cross-linkable elastomer is ethylene- alpha -olefin-nonconjugated polyene random copolymer. The composition contains ethylene- alpha -olefin-nonconjugated polyene random copolymer (A1), a compound which has 2 or more hydrosilyl group in a molecule, a transition metal catalyst, crosslinking adjuvant with copolymer (A1), and organic peroxide, and 0.1-10000 parts mass fillers with respect to 100 parts mass cross-linkable elastomer. The molar ratio of ethylene unit with respect to alpha -olefin unit of copolymer (A1) is 35/65-95/5. The iodine number and intrinsic viscosity measured in 135 degrees C decalin solution of copolymer (A1) is 0.5-50 g/100g and 0.01-5 dl/g, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of cerium and silica is 0.001-0.5. The content of cerium atom (Ce3+) is 10.2-23.8 mol%, and the content of cerium atom (Ce4+) is 76.2-89.8 mol%, with respect to total cerium content. Preferred Properties: The pore volume of mesoporous silica is 0.20-0.40 cm3/g. The BET non-surface area of mesoporous silica/ceria-silica composite is 250-600 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cationic surfactant is hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide or hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. The silica precursor is tetraethylorthosilicate or tetramethylorthosilicate. The cerium precursor is chosen from cerous hydroxide, cerium nitrate and cerium sulfate. The molar ratio of the cerium precursor and silica precursor is 0.001-0.5. Preferred Process: During manufacture of silica/ceria-silica composite, mixing is performed at speed of 200-600 rpm for 30-1440 minutes, hydrothermal reaction is performed at 80-120 degrees C for 20-48 hours, and calcination is performed in air atmosphere at 500-600 degrees C for 4-6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The masking composition further comprises inorganic fine particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The target main frame further comprises 10 weight ppm or less nickel, iron, chromium, titanium, aluminum and/or silicon, and 10000 weight ppm or less copper or gallium.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 13 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. 4-(2-(4'-(4-(4-(bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)amino)phenyl)-2,5-dihexyl-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrol-1-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1-cyanovinyl)benzoic acid (Ia), 4-(2-(4'-(4-(4-(bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)amino)phenyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrol-1-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1-cyanovinyl)benzoic acid, 4-(2-(4'-(4-(4-(bis(4-(hexyloxy)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-2,5-dihexyl-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrol-1-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1-cyanovinyl)benzoic acid, 4-(2-(4'-(4-(4-(bis(4-(2,4-dihexyloxyphenyl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrol-1-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)-1-cyanovinyl)benzoic acid and (Z)-4-(2-(5-(4-(4-(4-(bis(2',4'-bis(hexyloxy)biphenyl-4-yl)amino)phenyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-1-cyanovinyl)benzoic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electro conductive polymer particle is polyaniline and polyaniline derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The first and second heating portions are formed of carbon, ceramics and quartz.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The raw material is formed of copper (Cu), indium (In), gallium (Ga) and selenium (Se).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal is sodium and/or potassium. The alkali metal is used as phosphoric acid alkali metal salt, and is contained by an amount of 1-3 mol/t. The phosphorus compound is phosphoric acid and phosphoric acid alkali metal salt in a molar ratio of 0.5-2. The molar ratio of copper element with respect to elemental phosphorus in the polyester resin is 0.1-2. The content of copper element is 0.1-6 mol/t. The dicarboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid ester are terephthalic acid, terephthalic-acid ester, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and/or 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid ester. The diol is ethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The repeating units of the main structural component of the polyester resin are ethylene terephthalate and ethylene naphthalate. The fall in intrinsic viscosity and increasing amount of COOH terminal group of the polyester resin composition when processed at 200 degrees C for 24 hours in atmospheric air, is 0.2 or less, and 100 eq/t or less, respectively. The increasing amount of COOH terminal group during heat processing in nitrogen atmosphere at 300 degrees C for 60 minutes is 35 eq/t or less. The amount of COOH terminal groups during processing at 155 degrees C and 100% relative humidity for 4 hours is 70 eq/t or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The oxygen atom content rate of the photocurable composition is 30% or less. The thermal decomposition temperature and haze of the resin molding is 300 degrees C or more and 1% or less, respectively. The hue basterisk of the resin molding is a negative value. The bending elastic modulus and pencil hardness of the resin molding is 3 GPa or more, and more than 3H, respectively. Preferred Composition: The photocurable composition contains urethane (meth)acrylate type compound (A1), polyfunctional (meth)acrylate type compound (A2), photoinitiator (A3), thermal-polymerization initiator (A4) and ultraviolet absorber (A5). The content of photoinitiator is 0.01-5 pts. wt. with respect to total 100 pts. wt. urethane (meth)acrylate type compound and polyfunctional (meth)acrylate type compound. The 1 hour half-life temperature of initiator (A4) is 100 degrees C or more. The weight ratio of photoinitiator (A3) and initiator (A4) is 10:90-90:10. Preferred Process: The photocurable composition is cast to molding die having spacer for glass plate of 2 sheets which confronts and thickness controls. An active energy ray is irradiated on one or more surfaces conveying in a horizontal direction, and photocured to obtain the resin molding. The active energy ray is ultraviolet-ray, and irradiation light amount during photocuring is 20 J/cm2 or more, and maximum illumination intensity is 100 mW/cm2 or more. The Shore A hardness, measured according to JIS K 6253 type A of the spacer is 40-60. The photocurable composition is photocured by uniformly pressurizing with a pressure of 1-10 g/cm2. The reaction rate of (meth)acryloyl group in resin molding is 70% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of sum of the components (a) and (b) to component (c) is 0.8-1. The functional group (a1) reactive to amine is chosen from anhydride group, acid halide group, epoxy group and isocyanate group, and the functional group (d2) reactive to anhydride is chosen from amino group, hydroxyl group and thiol group. The component (B) comprises a functional group chosen from vinyl group, allyl group, vinylether group, propenyl ether group, (meth)acryloyl group, epoxy group, silicon-hydrogen group and thiol group. The composition further comprises an adhesion promoter, and a surfactant. EXAMPLE - 59.07 g benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 200 g anhydrous N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone were introduced into a reactor, and polymerized in nitrogen atmosphere. The contents were agitated at 18-20 degrees C, 26.64 g 1-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,3-trimethylindan-5-amine, and 15.02 g 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-trimethylbenzene were dissolved in 100 g dry -methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The diamine solution was added to the reactor, the mixture was heated to 60 degrees C and agitated for 3 hours. To the obtained polyamic acid, 10.14 g 4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid anhydride was added, mixed at 60 degrees C for 3 hours. To perform imidization reaction, 10.2 g acetic anhydride and 3.94 g pyridine were introduced into the mixture, and reaction mixture was warmed to 100 degrees C and mixed for 12 hours. The solution was cooled to room temperature and dripped into 4 L of vigorously stirred de-ionized water to precipitate the polymer. The polymer was collected by filtration and washed with one L of de-ionized water. The cake was re-slurred with one L of methanol and filtered. The wet cake was dried in air for 12 hours and the polymer was dried under vacuum at 70 degrees C for 12 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic layer comprises a zinc compound and silicon oxide. The layer is layer (A1) consisting of coexisting phase of zinc oxide, silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide, layer (A2) consisting of coexisting phase of zinc sulfide and silicon dioxide, or layer (A3) containing silicon oxide with oxygen/silicon atomic ratio of 1.5-2.0, preferably . layer (A1) comprising 20-40 atom% zinc, 5-20 atom% silicon, 0.5-5 atom% aluminum, and 35-70 atom% oxygen, or layer (A2) in which the molar fraction of zinc sulfide with respect to total content of zinc sulfide and silicon dioxide is 0.7-0.9.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The gas-barrier film has an undercoat layer provided between the polymeric base material and inorganic layer by crosslinking a polyurethane compound having an aromatic-ring structure. The undercoat layer further contains an organosilicon compound and/or inorganic silicon compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass plate is aluminosilicate glass board. Preferred Properties: The glossiness of surface of anti-glare layer is 70 or less. The glass plate with glare-proof function has haze of 13% or less. The refractive index at 550 nm of anti-glare layer is 1.1-1.6. The thickness of glass plate is 1.9 mm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Property: The optical wavelength conversion element has light-emission maximum wavelength of 400 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic photosensitizing molecule is of formula (I). The organic light-emitting molecule is of formula (II) or (III). The optical wavelength conversion element further comprises gelatinizer. The gelatinizer is ionic gelatinizer or non-ionic polymer.R1-R8=substituent containing H, in which R1-R8 optionally combine to form 5- or 6-membered ring optionally substituted with substituent containing H;X=-S-, sulfinyl, -S(=O)2-, -N(R9)- or -C(R10)(R11)-;R9-R11=substituent containing H;Z=-C(R18)=Y'-, -N(R20)-, oxy or thio;Y'==C(R19)- or aza;R12-R20=substituent containing H, in which R12-R20 optionally combine to form 5- or 6-membered ring optionally substituted with substituent containing H;andR33-R42=substituent containing H, in which R33-R42 optionally combine to form 5- or 6-membered ring optionally substituted with substituent containing H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic vapor treatment is performed with organic component (106) comprising species with low melting point. Preferred Composition: The organic compound is methylammonium iodide, methylammonium bromide or methylammonium iodide chloride. The inorganic anion layer having metal-ligand framework comprises metal halides, metal tetrafluoroborate, metal hexafluorophosphate, and metal thiocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal complex catalyst is an iridium complex of formula (I), or its tautomer, stereoisomer or salt, preferably chosen from formulae (II)-(IV). The aliphatic polyhydric alcohol is ethylene glycol.Ar'=optionally substituted ligand which has aromaticity containing two nitrogen as ligand;Ar2=monovalent anion tridentate ligand which has aromaticity;L=optionally arbitrary ligand;andm=positive integer or 0.Preferred Condition: The dehydrogenation reaction temperature is 170 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises washing with deionized water after using CP4 solution (comprising hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid) and/or RCA-2 solution (comprising 5 parts of deionized water, 1 part of aqueous hydrochloric acid and 1 part aqueous hydrogen peroxide). The step of immersion of silicon wafers in CP4 solution with acids occurs at room temperature for 10 seconds. The step of immersion of silicon wafers in RCA-2 solution occurs for 10 minutes. Preferred Components: The acid is nitric acid, acetic acid and/or hydrofluoric acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (ii), the degree of filling of precursor solution, is 70-80%. In the step (i), the molar ratio of urea and cerium(III) chloride, is 2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (ii), the process temperature is 120-170 degrees C, and 180-220 degrees C. In the step (ii), the reaction time is 36-48 hours. In the step (iii), the acid exchange time is 20-24 hours. In the step (iv), the sintering temperature is 550 degrees C. Preferred Components: In the step (i), the titanium source is titanium oxide, titanium boride or titanium silicide. In the step (i), the ratio of titanium source and alkali, is 1:40-80. in the step (i), the ratio of alkali and water, is 1-2:5. In the step (i), the alkali used is sodium hydroxide. In the step (iii), the acid used is hydrochloric acid. In the step (iii), the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.1-0.2 mol/l. In the step (iv), the sintering process is carried out in presence of air or under inert gas atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (v), drying the textured silicon chip by using a centrifugal drying machine. Preferred Components: In the step (ii), the volume of the TS4 catalyst is 1%. In the step (iii), the volume of the hydrofluoric acid solution is 16%, the concentration of hydrofluoric acid solution is 49%, and the acid washing time is 5 minutes. In the step (iv), the volume of the hydrochloric acid solution is 28%, the concentration of hydrofluoric acid solution is 37%, and the acid washing time is 5 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium aluminate powder comprises alpha -type lithium aluminate powder with particle size of 0.1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water-soluble dispersing agent is water-soluble organic material. The water-soluble organic acid is citric acid. The water-soluble plasticizer is glycerol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: An adhesive material comprising sodium carboxymethylcellulose is dissolved in distilled water, to form water-soluble binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: In the step (ii), the electrostatic spinning condition comprises: a syringe pushing rate of 0.2-2 ml/hour; a spinneret inner diameter of 0.7 mm; and the distance between the receiving device and electrode is 10-15 cm. In the step (ii), the electrostatic spinning condition comprises: a voltage of 10-15 KV; a syringe pushing rate of 0.2-2 ml/hour; a spinneret inner diameter of 0.7 mm; and the distance between the receiving device and electrode is 10-15 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The compound (II) is prepared by cyclizing bivalent group-containing compound of formula (IIa), or cyclizing bivalent group-containing compounds of formulae (IIc) and (IId) in presence of cyclization catalyst, and deprotecting hydroxy protective group of the obtained intermediate compound of formula (IIb).n1,n2,l1,l2=1-4;n1+n2=2-5;l1+l2=1;l+n+2p+2=5-20;X1,X2=I, Br, Cl, OSO2R1, tin-containing group, silicon-containing group or boron-containing group;andR1=F, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl.Preferred Composition: The cyclization catalyst is palladium (Pd(0)), nickel bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene) or platinum 1,5-cyclooctadiene. The compound (I) is preferably of formula (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor substrate also includes compound of formula M(OR1)m (II).M=represents niobium, tantalum, vanadium, yttrium or hafnium;R1=independently represents 1-8C alkyl group or 6-14C aryl group; andm=represents 1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The DES is choline chloride/urea. The mass ratio of Pd/Sn is 1/0.1-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound (a2) is caprolactone adduct of (meth)acrylic acid and compound having carboxyl group. The compound (a2) is caprolactone adduct product of hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate and compound having hydroxyl group, or caprolactone adduct of (meth)acrylic acid and compound having carboxyl group. Component (C) is compound having 2 or more (meth)acryloyl groups. The active-energy-ray-hardening-type composition further contains organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer (a1) is (meth)acrylate-type polymer having epoxy group in a side chain. The polymer (a1) is (meth)acrylate-type polymer having an isocyanate group in a side chain. Active energy ray is electron beam.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 926 Compounds (I) are disclosed, e.g. tris(5-(3-bromo-phenyl)-4-aza-tricyclo(6.2.2.0(2,7))dodeca-2,4,6-triene)iridium of formula (Ia), tris(5-(2-bromo-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-aza-tricyclo(6.2.2.0(2,7))dodeca-2,4,6-triene)iridium, bis(2-(3-bromo-phenyl)-pyridine)-(2-tricyclo(6.2.2.0(2,7))dodeca-2,4,6-trien-4-yl-pyridine)iridium, bis(2-(3-bromo-phenyl)-pyridine)-(4-phenyl-2-tricyclo(6.2.2.0(2,7))dodeca-2,4,6-trien-4-yl-pyridine)iridium and bis(2-(3-bromo-phenyl)-pyridine)-(5-tricyclo(6.2.2.0(2,7))dodeca-2,4,6-trien-4-yl-4-aza-tricyclo(6.2.2.0(2,7))dodeca-2(7),3,5-triene) iridium.    EXAMPLE - 5.6 g N-bromosuccinimide was added to suspension of 8.9 g tris(5-phenyl-4-aza-tricyclo(6.2.2.0(2,7))dodeca-2,4,6-triene)iridium in 500 ml dichloromethane, stirred at 30 degrees C for 20 hours, 450 ml dichloromethane was removal under vacuum, the yellow suspension was treated with 100 ml methanol, filtered solid, washed three times with 30 ml methanol and then dried in vacuum to obtain 10.5 g tris(5-(3-bromo-phenyl)-4-aza-tricyclo(6.2.2.0(2,7))dodeca-2,4,6-triene)iridium with 93% yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Epoxy group-containing alkoxysilane compound of formula (2) and alkoxysilane compound of formula (3) are hydrolyzed in presence of basic catalyst, and condensation reaction is carried out to obtain thermoplastic ladder-type silsesquioxane (I-a), or thermoplastic cage-type silsesquioxane (I-b). Preferred Properties: The thermoplastic ladder-type silsesquioxane (I-a) has weight-average molecular weight of 10000-200000. The thermoplastic cage-type silsesquioxane (I-b) has weight-average molecular weight of 1000-10000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor material is group II-VI compound, group III-V compound, group IV-VI compound, and/or group IV element or its compound. The content of boron and fluorine with respect to the total amount of elements contained in the nanocrystal particles, is 0.1-50 mol% and 0-30 mol%, respectively. The molar ratio of boron and fluorine in the nanocrystal particles is 1:100-1:0.1. The boron source is complex of borane. The fluorine source is chosen from 26 compounds e.g. lithium fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride and magnesium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic ligand is of formula: RCOOH, RNH2, (R)2NH, (R)3N, RSH, RH2PO, (R)2HPO, (R)3PO, RH2P, (R)2HP, ROH, RCOOR', RPO(OH)2 or (R)2POOH. The solvent is 6-22C primary amine, 6-22C secondary amine, 6-40C tertiary amine, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, 6-40C olefin, 6-40C aliphatic hydrocarbon, 6-30C aromatic hydrocarbon substituted with 1-20C alkyl group, primary, secondary or tertiary phosphine with 6-22C alkyl groups, primary, secondary or tertiary phosphine oxide with 6-22C alkyl groups and/or 12-22C aromatic ether.R,R'=1-24C alkyl, 2-24C alkenyl, 2-24C alkynyl or 6-20C aryl.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 7 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, e.g. 4-((Z)-2-(4-((E)-6'-(bis-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-amino)-1,1'-bis-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-2,2'-dioxo-1,2,1',2'-tetrahydro-(3,3')biindolyliden-6-yl)-phenyl)-1-cyano-vinyl)-benzoic acid (Ia), 4-((Z)-2-(5-((E)-6'-(bis-(4-hexyloxy-phenyl)-amino)-1,1'-bis-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-2,2'-dioxo-1,2,1',2'-tetrahydro-(3,3')biindolyliden-6-yl)-thiophen-2-yl)-1-cyano-vinyl)-benzoic acid, 4-((Z)-2-(5-((E)-6'-(bis-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-amino)-1,1'-bis-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-2,2'-dioxo-1,2,1',2'-tetrahydro-(3,3')biindolyliden-6-yl)-thiophen-2-yl)-1-cyano-vinyl)-benzoic acid, 4-((Z)-2-(4-((E)-6'-(bis-(4-hexyloxy-phenyl)-amino)-1,1'-dihexyl-2,2'-dioxo-1,2,1',2'-tetrahydro-(3,3')biindolyliden-6-yl)-phenyl)-1-cyano-vinyl)-benzoic acid and 4-((Z)-2-(6-((E)-6'-(bis-(4-hexyloxy-phenyl)-amino)-1,1'-bis-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-2,2'-dioxo-1,2,1',2'-tetrahydro-(3,3')biindolyliden-6-yl)-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)thiophen-2-yl)-1-cyano-vinyl)-benzoic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is selected from silicon, polycrystalline silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and indium phosphide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intermediate is carbamate, carbamic acid and N-carbamate amine-carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrically isolating film is made of thermoplastic, elastomer or silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel cells are magnesium-air, metal hydride, direct methanol, direct ethanol, phosphoric acid, microbial, direct formic acid, electro-galvanic, zinc-air, enzymatic biofuel, regenerative, direct borohydride, protonic ceramic and direct carbon or alkaline fuel cells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The non-hardened thermosetting resin layer is capable of softening and adhering at 50 degrees C, and has components or circuit for generating heat by electricity supply in the inner side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive active material core particle comprises Lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium-manganese-oxide, LiMn2O4, Li(NiaCobMnc)O2, where a-c is 0-1, a+b+c is 1, LiNi(1-y)CoyO2, y is 0-1, LiCo(1-y)MnyO2, LiNi(1-y)MnyO2, LiMn(2-z)NizO4, z is 0-2, LiMn(2-z)CozO4, vanadium pentoxide, titanium disulfide , and molybdenum disulfide, the positive active material core particle has an average particle diameter of 1-30 mu m. The positive active material core particle capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions comprises a lithium transition metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing coating solution comprising a dispersing agent comprising isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, terpineol, and/or sodium hexametaphosphate, where the coating solution further comprises a solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrocatalyst further comprises active catalyst particles of platinum alloy, active catalyst particles of a multi-layer core shell and platinum nanoparticles deposited onto each non-carbon composite support particles, and active catalyst nanoparticles deposited onto layer(s) of ruthenium dioxide, and active catalyst nanoparticles deposited onto the defects on the surface of each non-carbon composite support particles. Titanium dioxide is modified titanium dioxide doped with a dopant chosen from niobium and tantalum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer (a) is polyaniline and/or polyaniline derivative. The polycarboxylic acid (b) is chosen from polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyvinyl benzoic acid, polyallyl benzoic acid, polymethallyl benzoic acid, polymaleic acid, polyfumaric acid, polyglutamic acid, poly(aspartic acid), alginic acid, carboxyl methylcellulose, and copolymer containing repeating unit of these polymers. The polycarboxylic acid metal salt is chosen from polycarboxylic acid alkali metal salt and polycarboxylic acid alkaline-earth metal salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gas-barrier layer is obtained from polysilazane-containing liquid. The moisture content of gas-barrier layer is 0.1% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The tin-based alloy solder further comprises 0.1-3 wt.% indium and/or 0.1-2 wt.% antimony, and 0.0001-0.005 wt.% magnesium, 0.0001-0.005 wt.% germanium and/or 0.001-0.1 wt.% phosphorus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The palladium precursor solution is dihydrogen tetrachloropalladate, potassium tetrachloropalladate and/or sodium tetrachloropalladate. The platinum precursor solution is hydrogen hexachloroplatinate, potassium hexachloroplatinate, sodium hexachloroplatinate, platinum chloride, dihydrogen tetrachloroplatinate, potassium tetrachloroplatinate and/or sodium tetrachloroplatinate. The reducing agent is sodium boron hydride, potassium borohydride, hydrazine hydrate and/or lithium aluminum hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing solvent is ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1 mol/L glucose solution and/or 1 mol/L ascorbic acid solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of the acid in the acidic solvent is 0.01-0.070 molar equivalent of ketone group in the carbonyl compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The compound (I) is preferably of formula (II).X'1-X'4=O or S;R1,R2=H or substituent;R'b,R'c=5-19C alkyl;andL'b,L'c=L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating solution further comprises polymer binder and non-halogen-type solvent. The organic-semiconductor film further comprises polymer binder. Preferred Process: The organic-semiconductor film is produced by solution coating method. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acidic catalyst is chosen from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The mesogen silicon compound copolymer is prepared by reacting biaryl compound of formula (II) or (III) with acetic anhydride, and performing polycondensation reaction of reacted product in the presence of hydroxyl group-containing compound of formula: HO-C(=O)-R1-C(=O)-OH (IV) or HO-C(=O)-R4-C(=O)-OH (V), after acetylating. Preferred Process: Manufacture of mesogen silicon compound copolymer further involves reacting biaryl compound with chlorine-containing compound of formula: Cl-C(=O)-R1-C(=O)-Cl (VI) or Cl-C(=O)-R4-C(=O)-Cl (VII) in the presence of a dehydrochlorination agent and an acidic catalyst. EXAMPLE - 60 g 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)phenol, 21.3 g 2-(3-((4-((3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)dimethylsilyl)phenyl)dimethylsilyl)propyl)phenol, 85.66 g henicosanedioic acid, and 82.71 g acetic anhydride were added to a flask, and heated at 150 degrees C and stirred for 1 hour in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, to obtain a mixture. The resultant mixture was melt-polymerized at 240 degrees C for 1.5 hours under reduced pressure, to obtain mesogen silicon compound copolymer with a weight average molecular weight of 1800.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: Graphite is in the form of flakes with chip size of 50-150 mu m. The graphene ethanol dispersion is then dried in vacuum to obtain graphene powder having diameter of 1-2 mu m and conductivity of 5000 S/m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Carbon source is glycerol, glucose, or starch. Preferred Processes: Microwave synthesis involves adding 10-50 mu l concentrated sulfuric acid to 5-20 ml 80 vol.% carbon source aqueous solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 3-5 minutes, placing in microwave oven, performing high-temperature microwave reaction, cooling to room temperature, adding deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment, centrifuging, dialyzing, purifying, and freeze-drying to obtain CQDS solid powder. NaBH4 treatment involves dissolving CQDS solid powder in 1-5 times the mass of NaBH4 solution, placing in polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reactor, sealing, heating in muffle furnace to 160-220 degrees C, reacting for 12-4 hours, dialyzing until neutral, and freeze-drying to obtain reduced CQDS. Reaction with UPy involves reacting UPy with reduced CQDS in dibutyl tin catalyst in anhydrous NMP under protection of nitrogen (N2) for 6-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Boron is reacted with water, to obtain boron oxide and hydrogen gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The high dielectric constant film is selected from the group consisting of TiN, ZrN, HfN, VN, NbN, TaN, MoN, WN, TiSiN, HfSiN, VSiN, NbSiN, TaSiN, MoSiN, WSiN, HfAlN, VAlN, NbAlN, TaAlN, MoAlN, and WAlN.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The gate electrode has one metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten is formed on high dielectric constant film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic thin layer is made of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and/or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasma polymer thin film is laminated between the inorganic thin layer. Preferred Method: The plasma polymer film is produced by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, and the inorganic thin layer is made using the atomic layer deposition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The nanocarbon material is carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The structural unit (M) is structural unit based on 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene. The polymer further contains 7-15000 structural units (V) based on vinylidene fluoride, 0-4900 structural units (H) based on hexafluoropropylene, and 1-4900 structural units (T) based on tetrafluoroethylene. The fluorine-containing polymer is fluorine-containing elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The semiconductor alloy composition has short circuit current (Jsc) of more than 13 mA/cm2 and open circuit voltage (Voc) of more than 0.3 V when illuminated with filtered 1 sun AM1.5D spectrum in which all light having energy greater than bandgap of gallium arsenide is blocked, and illumination intensity of 1000 W/m2, thickness of greater than 1 mu m. The composition is lattice matched to gallium arsenide or germanium, n-doped or p-doped. Preferred Composition: The device has semiconductor layer (a) comprising gallium arsenide or germanium, and semiconductor layer (b) comprising semiconductor alloy composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Lithium molybdate contains an oxide comprising Li-Mo-O with a crystalline structure. Oxide is represented by formula LixMoyOz. Oxide comprising Li-Mo-O is selected from (disordered) Li2MoO3, Li4MoO5, and/or Li0.98MoO2. Amorphous coating layer contains lithium in a larger amount than that of lithium contained in the core. Amount of lithium contained in amorphous coating layer is 1.0025-1.15 mol based on 1 mol of lithium molybdate comprised in the core. Positive active material further comprises nitrogen-containing lithium molybdate intermediate layer between core and shell and lithium transition metal oxide composite, e.g. LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, Li(NiaCobMnc)O2, LiNi1-yCoyO2, LiCo1-yMnyO2, LiNi1-yMnyO2, Li(NidCoeMnf)O4, LiMn2-zNinO4, LiMn2-zCozO4, LiCoPO4, LiFePO4, LiFePO4, V2O5, TiS, and/or MoS. Lithium molybdate composite acts as sacrificial positive electrode. Weight ratio lithium transition metal oxide composite:lithium molybdate composite is 50:50-99:1. Negative electrode is selected from silicon (Si), SiOx, and/or Si-T alloy.x=0-6;y=1-5;z=2-7;a-c,y=0-1;a+b+c=1;d-f,x,z=0-2;d+e+f=2; andT=alkali metal, alkali earth metal, groups 13-14 elements, transition metal, and/or rare-earth element except Si.Preferred Condition: The 2nd heat treatment is performed at a temperature higher than that of the 1st heat treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyester composition has intrinsic viscosity maintenance factor of 80% or more, when exposed to the environment at 120 degrees C and relative humidity of 100% for 24 hours. Preferred Composition: The wax is montanic-acid ester and/or polyethylene wax.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline solution is selected from sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline solution is tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Mass ratio of component (I) with respect to component (II) is 30/70-90/10, content of component (III) with respect to the gross mass of the component (I) and component (II) is 0.0-10 %mass. The total content of component (I), component (II) and component (III) is 80 %mass or more. Coating type material for passivation layer formation comprises at least one compound chosen from niobium oxide precursor, vanadium oxide precursor, and tantalum oxide precursor as component (I) precursor, aluminum oxide precursor as component (II) precursor, the antimony-oxide precursor, bismuth oxide precursor, magnesium oxide precursor, phosphorus oxide precursor, and boron oxide precursor as component (III) precursor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Coating type material for passivation layer further comprises organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The carbon source is obtained by cleaning surface of waste biomass including grapefruit peel, corn straw and peanut shells.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iron source comprises ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous nitrate and ferrous chloride. The silver source is silver nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The heat-treating step is carried out at heating rate of 5-20 degrees C minute-1 from room temperature to 500-1100 degrees C. Preferred Properties: The nitrogen-doped carbon graphite encapsulated iron nanoparticles have particle size of 1-20 nm and nitrogen content of 2-20 wt.%, preferably 1-10 wt.%. Preferred Components: The inert gas comprises nitrogen, argon and helium. The acid solution is perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, and has concentration of 0.1-2 mol l-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ratio of resin (A1), resin (A2) and resin (A3) is 50-96 parts mass, 1-25 parts mass and 3-25 parts mass, respectively. The resin (A3) is polyimide resin, preferably polyether imide resin. The resin (A2) is polyethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate resin and/or polycyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate resin as main component. The resin (A1) contains polyethylene terephthalate resin as main component. Preferred Properties: The melting point of resin (A1) is 200-260 degrees C, which is less than that of the resin (A2). The melting point of resin (A2) is 260-320 degrees C. The glass transition temperature (in degrees C) of resin (A1) is less than that of the resin (A3). The glass transition temperature of resin which comprises the polyester film is 82-140 degrees C. The change in glass transition temperature of resin which comprises the polyester film, when the polyester film is heat processed in xylene at 140 degrees C for 6 hours, is 0-3 degrees C.
Preferred Definitions:    Z=group of formula -Si(Me)-O-(Si(R6)(R7)-O)a-(Si(Me)2-o)b-Si(Me)- (2);    o=0;    a,b=0-60; and    R6,R7=1-20C monovalent hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substituent is chosen from alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkoxy group, and alkoxyalkyl group. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic-type compound is imidazole compound of formula (I), triazole compound of formula (II) or (III), pyridine compound of formula (IV), or pyrazole compound of formula (V). The imidazole compound is preferably chosen from 1-methylimidazole, 1-ethylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, and 1-vinylimidazole. The copper film-forming agent further contains organic solvent or water.R1,R5,R8,R11-R16=H, linear, branched, or cyclic 1-5C hydrocarbyl, or linear, branched, or cyclic substituent containing elements other than the carbon atom which do not bond with H or 1-5C hydrocarbyl;or 2 or more of R1,R5,R8,R6,R9,R7,R10,R2-R4,R11-R19=heterocyclyl;andR2-R4,R6,R7,R9,R11-R19=H or linear, branched, cyclic 1-4C hydrocarbyl, or linear, branched, or cyclic substituent containing elements other than the carbon atom which do not bond with H or 1-4C hydrocarbyl.The total number of carbon atoms contained in R1-R10 is 5 or less. Preferred Property: The organic solvent has boiling point of 150 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol monolaurate and/or polydimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride. The mass ratio of surfactant with respect to platinum is 0.5-5:1. The mass ratio of sodium borohydride and platinum is 0.5-5:1. The concentration of platinum in platinum sol is 10 mu g/ml to 1 mg/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The steel has scale thickness of less than or equal to 4 mu m. The steel satisfies the formula of (niobium/((silicon+0.1)x 2)) is equal to less than or equal to 1. The steel has pyrometer surface conductivity of less than or equal to 40 m Omega cm2, preferably less than or equal to 25 m Omega cm2 at 800 degrees C. EXAMPLE - The typical composition of the ferritic stainless steel comprised of: 0.012 wt.% carbon; 0.01 wt.% nitrogen; 0.1 wt.% silicon; 1.6 wt.% manganese; 22 wt.% chromium; 0.15 wt.% molybdenum; 0.4 wt.% niobium; and 0.05 wt.% titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic compound (II) is preferably of formula (IIa). The unsaturated carboxylic acid metallic salt is formed using 3-12C unsaturated carboxylic acid.t=r;R6,R7=R4;optionaly R6+R7=ring;R8=R5;andX=atom chosen from group XVI element of periodic table, preferably O. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R3=H or linear alkyl;and    M=transition metal atom chosen from groups IV, XII-XIV of periodic table, preferably Zn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (c1) reduces and solubilizes the component (c2). The component (c1) is a metal chosen from vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, manganese, iron, cobalt, chromium, nickel, zinc, rhodium, ruthenium, thallium, aluminum, gallium, indium, and other metal chosen from 1st, 2nd and 3rd-transition metal series and lanthanide series, preferably molybdenum. The component (c2) is a metal chosen from vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, manganese, iron, cobalt, chromium, nickel, zinc, rhodium, ruthenium, thallium, aluminum, gallium, indium, and other metal chosen from 1st, 2nd and 3rd-transition metal and lanthanide, preferably vanadium. The compound or material (A) is metal or metal-type component. The metal-type component is metal oxide and/or metal-containing acid. The compound or material (B) is metal-type component, preferably metal oxide. The polyoxometalate is of formula: Xa(ZbMcOd), preferably phosphomolybdenum-vanadate (H11PMo8V4O40). The polyoxometalate has Keggin structure.X=H, alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal or ammonium;Z=B, P, S, As, Si, Ge, Ni, Rh, Sn, Al, Cu, I, Br, F, Fe, Co, Cr, Zn, H2, Te, Mn or Se, preferably P;M= V, Mo, W, Nb, Ta, Mn, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn Rh, Ru, Tl, Al, Ga, In, or 1st, 2nd and 3rd transition metal and lanthanide;a=number of X required to charge balance (ZbMcOd) anion;b=0-20;c=1-40;andd=1-180.Preferred Process: 1 Mol of phosphomolybdic acid is reacted with 4 mols of molybdenum oxide, 4 mols of vanadium pentoxide, one mol of phosphoric acid and 8 mols of water to obtain 2 mols of phosphomolybdenum-vanadate, or 22 mols of molybdenum trioxide, 2 mols of molybdenum, 6 mols of vanadium pentoxide, 3 mols of phosphoric acid and 12 mols of water are reacted to obtain 3 mols of phosphomolybdenum-vanadate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The support base material is glass plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyimide resin layer comprises polyimide resin containing repeating unit of formula (I) which includes residue (X) of tetracarboxylic acid and residue (A) of diamine. The residue (X) of tetracarboxylic acid contains group of formula (X1)-(X4). The residue (A) of diamine contains group of formula (A1)-(A8).X=tetracarboxylic-acid residue excluding carboxy of tetracarboxylic acids;andA=diamine residue excluding amino of diamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic phosphor includes at least one of garnet type phosphor, silicate phosphor, aluminate phosphor, sulfide phosphor, oxynitride-based phosphor, nitride phosphor and fluoride-based phosphor. The particles includes at least one of tantalum pentoxide, zirconium dioxide, hafnium(IV) oxide and niobium pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The viscous wavelength converting layer is dispersed with viscous polymer resin including at least one of quantum dots and inorganic phosphor. The viscous polymer resin includes at least one of acryl, silicon and urethane resin. The quantum dot is a nanocrystal including silicon-based nanocrystal, II-VI group compound semiconductor nanocrystal, III-V group compound semiconductor nanocrystal and/or IV-VI group compound semiconductor nanocrystal. The viscous wavelength converting layer comprises 100 pts. wt. viscous polymer resin and 5-50 pts. wt. wavelength converting material. The refractive index increasing layer comprises 10-70 pts. wt. particles based on 100 pts. wt. light transmitting resin. The refractive index of the refractive index increasing layer is 1.6-2.9. EXAMPLE - Viscous composition was coated on the transparent substrate with a coating amount of 40 g/m2, dried at 100 degrees C for 1 minute, the release film was laminated, and a aged for 7 days to obtain the wavelength converting adhesive sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): 2,4-Bromo furan of formula (Ia) or 2,4-dibromo furan of formula (Ib), 2,4-bromothiophene or 2,4-dibromo-selenophene is added to anhydrous tetrahydrofolate, n-butyllithium is added, and reacted, to obtain 3-methylfuran sulfur of formula (IIa) or (IIb), 3-methylthiophene sulfur or 3-thiomethyl selenophene. 3-Methylfuran sulfur, 3-methylthiophene sulfur or 3-thiomethyl selenophene is added to anhydrous tetrahydrofolate, n-butyllithium is added, stirred, dimethyl disulfide is added, stirred, quenched with saturated ammonium chloride, extracted with dichloromethane, and dried, to obtain 2-R-4-S-methyl furan, 2-R-4-thiomethyl thiophene or 2-R-4-thiomethyl selenophene. 2-R-4-S-Methyl-furan, 2-R-4-thiomethyl thiophene or 2-R-4-thiomethyl selenophene is added to dichloromethane and bromine, stirred, solution of saturated sodium bisulfite or sodium thiosulfate is added, extracted, and dried, to obtain 2-bromo-5-R-furan-3-thiomethyl of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb), 2-bromo-5-R-3-methylthiophene sulfur or 2-bromo-5-R-3-thiomethyl selenophene. 2-bromo-5-R-furan-3-thiomethyl, 2-bromo-5-R-3-methylthiophene sulfur or 2-bromo-5-R-3-thiomethyl selenophene is added to tetrahydrofolate, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) is added, heated, extracted, and dried, to obtain 2,5-(2-(5-R-3-thiomethyl)furan)furan, 2,5-(2-(5-R-3-thiomethyl)thiophene)thiophene or 2,5-(2-(5-R-3-thiomethyl) selenophene)selenophene. 2,5-(2-(5-R-3-thiomethyl)furan)furan, 2,5-(2-(5-R-3-thiomethyl)thiophene)thiophene or 2,5-(2-(5-R-3-thiomethyl) selenophene)selenophene is added to glacial acetic acid, heated, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is added, heated, filtered, and washed with dichloromethane, to obtain compound (I) or (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Operation of fuel cell system involves providing adsorbent configured to adsorb sulfur oxides. Preferred Components: Fuel cell system component is reformer. Group VIII noble metal contains platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The main peak when an infrared absorption spectrometry is conducted with respect to the semiconductor particle paste is derived from silicon-carbon bond at wavelength vicinity of 1260 cm-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic molecule is ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene and/or 1-eicosene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Sheet-like graphene oxide has logarithm of 95% of relative humidity and proton electrical conductivity (S/cm) of greater than or equal to - 2.5 of the normal line direction in 25 degrees C. Preferred Process: Removal process is performed by filtering and washing graphene oxide dispersion liquid containing water-soluble polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Water-soluble polymer is cellulose acetate of acetyl total substitution degree of 0.5-1.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor substrate includes potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal nano particles includes silver, gold, platinum and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor substrate includes isopropyl alcohol. The depression metal nano particles includes hydrogen fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of 1,5,2,4-dioxadithiane-2,2,4,4-tetroxide in the electrolyte solution is 0.5-2.5 wt.%. The concentration of difluorolithium phosphate is 1.8-3 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The silicon compound is chosen from group consisting of silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride. The first layer is selected from any one of zinc oxide, silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first layer is chosen from group consisting of aluminum, gallium, titanium, zirconium, tin, indium, niobium, molybdenum and tantalum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The base material is 0.05-2.5-mm-thick tempered glass board.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average primary particle diameter of the silica particles is 0.1-1 mu m. The glossiness of the surface of the anti-glare layer is 130 or less. The surface roughness of the anti-glare layer is 0.01 mu m or more. Preferred Composition: The solid content concentration of the coating liquid is 0.3-6 %mass. Preferred Process: The manufacture of base material with anti-glare layer involves spraying coating liquid using spraying apparatus having two-fluid spray nozzle structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The superlattice semiconductor layer is composed of gallium, indium, arsenic and antimony.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrocarbon modification catalyst further comprises barium zirconate. The ratio of barium to the sum of total number of moles of zirconium and yttrium is 1. The molar ratio of total number of moles of zirconium and yttrium is 0.8:0.2-0.5:0.5. The reduction-processed hydrocarbon modification catalyst comprises nickel metal and barium and complex oxide of zirconium and yttrium. The nickel metals have particle diameter of 50 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The temperature and pH of the precursor solution during hydrothermal synthesis reaction is 170 degrees C, or 180 degrees C or more, and 0.5 or less, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Compound (II) is pyrrole, indole or carbazole. Compound (III) is vinyl chloride or vinyl bromide. EXAMPLE - 1 ML Toluene, 50 mg carbazole, 188 mg vinyl chloride, and 18 mg sodium hydroxide were heated to 100 degrees C, and 2.7 mg tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladiumand 1.7 mg tri-t-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate were added. The contents were aged for 10 hours and cooled, and salt produced was dissolved in water and liquid-separated. The organic layer was fractionated to obtain N-vinylcarbazole with a yield of 71%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The layer (A) has thickness of 30-150 nm. The total film thickness of layers (A) and (B) is 50-300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate contains glass, metal, ceramic, polymer, silicon, germanium, yttria-stabilized zirconia, aluminum trioxide, copper, gold, silver, platinum, iridium, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, aluminum arsenide, zinc selenide, cadmium sulfide, indium arsenide, indium-gallium arsenide, aluminum-gallium arsenide, gallium antimonide, cadmium selenide, aluminum antimonide, zinc telluride, indium phosphide, fused quartz, silica, silicon nitride, glass, plastics, or metal foils.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The epitaxial layer of biaxially textured crystalline layer contains calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, cadmium fluoride, strontium fluoride, silicon, germanium, yttria-stabilized zirconia, aluminum trioxide, copper, gold, silver, platinum, iridium, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, aluminum arsenide, zinc selenide, cadmium sulfide, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, indium-gallium arsenide, aluminum-gallium arsenide, gallium antimonide, cadmium selenide, aluminum antimonide, or indium-gallium arsenide. The oriented calcium fluoride crystalline layer further contains materials chosen from barium fluoride, strontium fluoride, and cadmium fluoride. The oriented calcium fluoride crystalline layer is doped with europium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The alloyed calcium fluoride crystalline layer of biaxially textured crystalline layer comprises a composition containing less than 99.999% alloying material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The solid graphene oxide is prepared by mixing graphite powder, more than 60% nitric acid and more than 90% sulfuric acid in ice water bath, adding potassium permanganate under stirring condition, adding hydrogen peroxide solution, maintaining for one night, and drying obtained precipitate. Preferred Composition: The ratio of graphite powder, potassium permanganate, nitric acid and sulfuric acid is 1 g:3-5 g:2-4 ml:25-35 ml. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 20-30%. The ratio of hydrogen peroxide solution and graphite powder is 3 ml:1 g. The reducing agent is aqueous solution of sodium borohydride with concentration of 0.1-0.2M. The mass ratio of graphene oxide, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate and chloro platinate is 20-25:6-8:7-9:13-17. The mass ratio of copper, iron and molybdenum in ternary alloy-reduced graphene composite material catalyst is 1:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The unsaturated carboxylic acid metallic salt is formed using 3-12C unsaturated carboxylic acid. The hydrated compound is unsaturated carboxylic acid-metallic salt hydrate. The unsaturated carboxylic acid which forms unsaturated carboxylic acid metallic salt of formula (I), and unsaturated carboxylic acid which forms hydrated compound are same unsaturated carboxylic acids. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R3=H or linear alkyl;and    M=transition metal atom chosen from groups IV, XII-XIV of periodic table, preferably Zn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound (A) is urethane (meth)acrylate (A1) having urethane bond and 2 or more (meth)acryloyloxy groups in 1 molecule, nematic liquid crystal compound (A2) having 2 or more (meth)acryloyloxy group in 1 molecule, and chiral agent (A3) having 2 or more (meth)acryloyloxy group in 1 molecule. The nematic liquid crystal compound (A2) is of formula (2a). The chiral agent is of formula (3a). The content of chiral agent (A3) is 1-30 %mass with respect to total mass of nematic liquid crystal compound (A2) and chiral agent (A3).m,n=2-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of block chain (b2) is 20 %mass or more. The ultraviolet-curable resin composition further comprises compound (D) having naphthalimido skeleton of formula (I), and compound (E) having benzotriazole skeleton. The content of (meth)acrylic-type block polymer (B) is 0.1-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound (A). The laminate further has a resin layer provided between base material and cured film. The resin layer is acrylic resin layer having surface tension of 32 mN/m or more.R1,R2=hydrocarbyl having H or heteroatom.Preferred Properties: The glass-transition temperature of block chain (b1) is (-40)-(-50) degrees C. The glass-transition temperature of block chain (b2) is 100-120 degrees C. The JIS A hardness of (meth)acrylic-type block polymer (B) is 50 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction in first reactor is carried out at 50-200 degrees C at 1-4 MPa and at space velocity of 500-30000/hour. The reaction is second reactor is carried out at 100-400 degrees C at normal pressure to 7.5 MPa and at space velocity of 100-30000/hour. Preferred Components: The carrier of supported nickel catalyst is alumina, silica, zirconia, magnesia and/or activated carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The noble nanometal catalyst further comprises polymer stabilizer, comprising polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, cyclodextrin and/or poly-N-isopropylacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic microchannel device comprises phosphate-bonded ceramic material. The ceramic microchannel device comprises micro-sized pores and/or nano-sized pores.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The magnetic metal-doped multi-layered graphene comprises magnetic element of the periodic classification, such as iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt, and/or derivatives of iron, manganese, nickel or cobalt. The method utilizes of magnetic metal salt aqueous solution comprising metal selected from iron, manganese, nickel or cobalt, and salt selected from sulfate, iron sulfate, chloride and chlorates, perchlorates, borate, soluble in ionized water, and an oxidizing agent selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or hydrogen peroxide, an iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate type electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of carbon nanotube (B) is 1-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of carbon nanotube (A). The total content of carbon nanotube (A) and carbon nanotube (B) is 0.01-10 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone is removed from the dispersion liquid to obtain carbon material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polyaniline with respect to 100 parts mass of total content of carbon nanotube (A) and carbon nanotube (B) is 0.1-50 parts mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The brominating agent is reacted in presence of a salt containing a silver salt. The silyl indene compound (I) is obtained by reacting indene compound of formula (I') and a nucleophilic reagent, and reacting the obtained reaction intermediate and a halogenated silyl compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nano thin-film solar cell substrate material preferably comprises 100 parts mass stainless steel, 2.8 parts mass zinc oxide, 2.2 parts mass magnesium carbonate, 1.9 parts mass lithium oxide and 6.4 parts mass aluminum nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The stainless steel is 304-stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Silicon particles with particle diameter of 5-150 nm are aggregated on surface of silicon aggregate. Silicon particle is silicon particle with average particle diameter of less than or equal to 100 nm. Preferred Parameters: Diameter of aggregation of silicon aggregate is less than or equal to 5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous metallic matrix comprises aluminum, copper, stainless steel, nickel, tin, titanium, zinc, iron, chromium, and manganese, and/or a substantially homogenous distribution of a first metal and a second metal. The structure further comprises substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The polarity of the liquid containing the semiconductor particles is changed after the pH control process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal material of box-shaped main portion is selected from the group of nickel base alloy, cobalt base alloy, and tungsten. The gas or air contains oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solution containing halogenated lead and an alkyl ammonium halide is a dimethylformamide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The device further comprises an electron blocking region of aluminum-gallium-nitride material. The optical blocking region comprises an n-type dopant that is silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of hydrocarbon compound in the resin composition is 0.1-1 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxidizing agent is ammonium persulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The support substrate has separate space(s) and graphene arranged in the separate space. Graphene supply unit in the apparatus has graphene-adhesive component-support substrate. The apparatus further has position control device arranged on side of the transfer-target substrate supplier and heat supply unit, graphene transcriber in which separation distance of transfer-target substrate supplier and graphene supply unit is controlled by position control device, stage transfer apparatus arranged at lower portion of the heat supply unit, conveyer belt and rollers (R1) and (R2). Preferred Property: The support substrate has alkali tolerance of more than pH 10 or acid resistance of less than pH 3, and heat resistance at 100-300 degrees C. Preferred Process: During transfer of graphene, adhesive component for binding the support substrate and graphene is used. One side of graphene or support substrate is coated with adhesive component and the adhesive component is hardened, such that support substrate and graphene are adhered. The vacuum thermal-processing of graphene laminate and transfer-target substrate is carried out at 150-250 degrees C under atmosphere of 10-7-10-2 torr.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): The phenanthrene derivative is prepared using 1,4-bis(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)benzene derivative or 1,4-bis(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)-2,3-diethynylbenzene derivative as intermediate compound. Preferred Component: The phenanthrene derivative is preferably of formula (IV) or (V).L'a,L'b,L'c=bivalent coupling group chosen from groups of formulae (L-1)-(L-25);andR'a,R'b,R'c=optionally substituted alkyl, cyano, vinyl, ethynyl, oxyethylene, oligo oxyethylene group containing oxyethylene unit having repeating number v of 2 or more, siloxane group, oligosiloxane group having silicon atomic number of 2 or more, or optionally substituted trialkylsilyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The organic semiconductor thin film is obtained by solution coating method. Preferred Component: The coating solution further contains a polymer binder. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Yttrium and/or titanium precursor are chosen from alkoxide, acetylacetonate, acetate, carbonyl and oxyalkyl. The yttrium precursor is yttrium acetate. The titanium precursor is titanium alkoxide chosen from titanium tetraisopropoxide and titanium butoxide. The mixed yttrium-titanium oxide grains comprise yttrium-titanium oxide of formula: Y2Ti2O7 or YTi2O5, and have a monophasic structure. Preferred Property: The carbon layer has an average thickness of 1-2 nm. The mixed yttrium-titanium oxide grains have an average size of 10-400 nm, preferably 10-80 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is chosen from ethyl acetate and xylene. Absorbent is chosen from sulfur hexafluoride, methane and ethylene. Additional compound which is used as absorbent of laser radiation and/or solvent is chosen from isopropanol and butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorene compound also has general formulae (II-V). Preparation (Claimed): The fluorene compound is prepared by coupling dispiro(fluorene-9,9'-anthracene-10',9''-fluorene) derivative with 1,3 or 4-position substituted reactive leaving group with a primary amine, secondary amine or triarylamine derivative. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1 and Ar2=group of formulae (VI-XXXVIII);Eg: (VI) and    Nar1 and Nar2=group of formulae (XXXIX-LXXVIII). Eg: (XXXIX)    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate consists of insulating layer formed on surface of at least single side of the clad plate material. The insulating layer contains bismuth-type oxide or vanadium-type oxide, and has softening point of 450 degrees C or less. The thickness of the clad plate is 30 mu m or more and specific gravity is 3.5 or more. The average thickness of layer (12) is 10-35% with respect to the thickness of clad plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The support substrate is glass substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The triaryl isocyanurate is obtained by reacting cyanic acid soda or isocyanuric acid, and allyl chloride. The content of 3-dichloro propene in allyl chloride is 200 ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal oxide is chosen from aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyimide is a polymer containing biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride or pyromellitic dianhydride and p-phenylenediamine, or 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether as a monomer. Preferred Property: The gas-barrier film has a thermal expansion coefficient of 15 ppm/K or less at 200-300 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The silicon containing-precursor is silane or disilane. The silicon-containing gas includes silane, disilane, chlorosilane, dichlorosilane, trichlorosilane, dibromosilane, trimethylsilane, tetramethylsilane, tridimethylaminosilane, tetraethoxysilane, triethoxyfluorosilane, silicon tetrachloride, silicon tetrabromide, 1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, dimethyldiethoxy silane octomethylcyclotetrasiloxane, methyldiethoxysilane and bis-tertiary-butylaminosilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nanocrystals comprise zirconium dioxide nanocrystals. Preferred Property: The nanocrystals have size 10 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer matrix comprises acrylic polymer. The scattering particles comprise polymer beads. The internal light extraction layer further includes light scattering particles. The scattering particles comprise titanium dioxide particles and polymer beads. Preferred Properties: The internal light extraction layer has refractive index 1.6 or more at visible wavelength in at least portion of the layer. The internal light extraction layer has index gradient. The index gradient results at least in portion from concentration gradient of the inorganic nanocrystals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer layer is selected from a group of polyimide, polyester, polyurethane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, Kapton, Tedlar, DURApro, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, PTFE, polyvinylidene fluoride and polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas barrier layer has area (B) comprising silicon-oxygen-carbon component (SiOnCo), where n is greater than or equal to 1.40, but less than 2.00, o is 0.10-0.70 and the thickness of area (B) is 0-1000 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The content of nickel and chromium in the austenitic stainless steel sheet is preferably 11-15 pts. wt. and 19-21 pts. wt., respectively with respect to 100 pts. wt. total weight of austenitic stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyacrylonitrile-type-based carbon fiber is obtained by carbonizing spun fibers from spinning the polymer solution. Preferred Composition: The polymer of the spinning polymer solution is denatured polyacrylonitrile with amine-based compound. The polymer is oxidized by nitro compound. The spinning polymer solution does not contain nitro compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorinated interhalogen gas is iodine heptafluoride gas or chlorine trifluoride gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The generated gas (G2) is cooled using cooling separation apparatus. Preferred Composition: The flow volume of fluorinated interhalogen gas supplied to initial decomposition process from source gas supply source is 1 NL/minute or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The unsaturated carboxylic acid metallic salt is formed using 3-12C unsaturated carboxylic acid. The electronic device further has a zinc oxide-containing layer having Fermi level of 3.8-4.2 eV. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R3=H or linear alkyl;and    M=transition metal atom chosen from groups IV, XII-XIV of periodic table, preferably Zn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (b), using oxide stripping method for preparing graphene oxide aqueous solution with mass concentration of 3-6 mg/ml. In the step (b), the reaction temperature is 50-60 degrees C, and the soaking time is 2-6 hours. Preferred Components: In the step (c), the concentration of the potassium chloropalladate aqueous solution is 0.1-0.5 mmol/l. Graphene sheet surface morphology of the composite electro-catalyst is porous structure, and palladium nanoparticles has average particle diameter of 5 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of sodium hydroxide is 5-15%. Concentration of isopropanol is 3-5%. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 8-10%. The concentration of hydrochloric acid is 8-10%. Concentration of hydrofluoric acid is 3-5%. The resistivity of pure water is more than 18 megohm. Preferred Method: The silicon wafer is cleaned with mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and isopropanol at 60-70 degrees C for 120-200 seconds. Ultrasonic cleaning is done for 120 seconds. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide is carried out for 120-200 seconds. Washing with pure water is done at 55-70 degrees C for 120 seconds. Etching process is done at 80-85 degrees C for 500-700 seconds using mixed solution of 1-2% sodium hydroxide, 0.2-0.5% sodium silicate and 3-4% isopropanol. The hydrochloric acid treatment is done for 120 seconds. The hydrofluoric acid treatment is done for 180 seconds. Preferred Components: The sodium hydroxide, isopropanol, hydrogen peroxide, sodium silicate, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid used are EL grade.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The monosaccharide is glucose. The polysaccharide is sucrose, soluble starch or soluble cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The printed circuit board further contains copper pad. The assembly further contains an intermetallic compound layer (25) which is formed between the printed circuit board and shield can.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The alloy contains 30-65 wt.% bismuth, 0.01-10 wt.% silver, 0.01-10 wt.% copper, 0.001-1 wt.% cobalt, 0.001-1 wt.% nickel, 0.001-3 wt.% indium, 10 wt.% or less, 0.001-4 wt.% antimony, 0.001-1 wt.% titanium, 0.001-3 wt.% gallium, 0.001-1 wt.% manganese, 0.001-1 wt.% germanium, 0.001-1 wt.% zinc, 0.001- 1 wt.% iron, 0.001-1 wt.% gold, 0.001-1 wt.% chromium, 0.001-1 wt.% phosphorus, 0.001-1 wt.% aluminum, 0.001-1 wt.% tellurium, 0.001-1 wt.% selenium, 0.001-1 wt.%, calcium, 0.001-1 wt.% vanadium, 0.001-1 wt.% molybdenum, 0.001-1 wt.% platinum, 0.001-1 wt.% magnesium, 0.001-1 wt.% rare-earth element and remainder of tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of compound (A2) in the cutting fluid composition is 5-60 %mass. The mass ratio of compound (A1) with respect to compound (A2) is 0.4-6. The component (B) contains polyoxyethylene styrenated phenyl ether of formula (III). The content of component (B) in the cutting fluid composition is 0.5-5 %mass.EO=ethyleneoxy;n=1-150;andm=1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyisocyanate comprising the isocyanurate group contains an isocyanurate trimer. The polyisocyanate composition further comprises 1-35 %mass urethodione dimer and a polyisocyanate comprising allophanate group, where molar ratio of allophanate group and isocyanurate group is 1/99-50/50. The aliphatic polyisocyanate comprises an aliphatic polyisocyanate which has 1-50 %mass urethodione dimer and an allophanate group, with molar ratio of allophanate group to isocyanurate group of 1/99-50/50. Preferred Properties: The average functional group number of the isocyanate group is 2.5-4. The viscosity of the aliphatic polyisocyanate at 25 degrees C is 150-800 mPa.second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dot (C) contains compound containing element chosen from 2-group element, 12-group element, 13-group element, 14-group element, 15-group element, and 16-group element, preferably chosen from indium phosphide/zinc sulfide compound, copper-indium sulfide/zinc sulfide compound, zinc sulfide/silver-indium sulfide compound, zinc-doped silver-indium sulfide compound, and silicon compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The agent (B) is chosen from radical photopolymerization initiator and photo-acid generator, and contains quinonediazide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin (A) is chosen from cyclic polyolefin-type resin, aromatic polyether-based resin, polyimide-type resin, fluorene polycarbonate-type resin, fluorene polyester-based resin, polycarbonate-type resin, polyamide-type resin, polyarylate type-resin, polysulfone-type resin, polyether sulfone-type resin, polyparaphenylene-type resin, polyamidoimide-type resin, polyethylene naphthalate-type resin, fluorinated aromatic polymer-type resin, modified acrylic resin, epoxy resin, allyl ester-type curable resin, and silsesquioxane-type ultraviolet ray-cured resin. The content of dot (C) in the resin composition is 0.1-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The PCM includes n-triacontane and n-octacosane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Heteroacene compounds are represented by formula (II)-(IV), provided that one of R2, R2', R3', and R3' is an electron withdrawing group, such as fluorine, chlorine, cyano, (R'')3Si-alkynyl, electron withdrawing heteroalkyl group, or electron withdrawing heteroaryl group. Compositions contain greater than or equal to 1 amorphous molecular or polymer binder which is electrically insulating or semiconducting.R4,R4'=Cl, F, CN, NO2, optionally substituted 1-30C alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, or combination of up to three optionally substituted 1-10C alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; andR''=optionally substituted 1-10C alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl.Preferred Parameter: Heteroacene compounds have molecular weight of 284-3000 g/mol. Preferred Definitions:    R2-R6,R2'-R6'=1-30C alkyl, (R'')3Si-alkynyl, or F provided that R2 is the same as R2', R3 is the same as R3', R4 is the same as R4', R5 is the same as R5', R6 is the same as R6', X1 is the same as X1', X2 is the same as X2', X3 is the same as X3', X4 is the same as X4, and Y1 is the same as Y'.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic short fiber is aramid short fiber, or paraphenylene and 3,4'-oxydiphenylene terephthalamide copolymer short fiber. Preferred Composition: The content of organic short fiber is 0.5-80 parts weight with respect to 100 pts. wt. of the nitrile rubber. The content rate of ( alpha ),( beta )-ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer unit and ( alpha ),( beta )-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monoester monomer unit in the nitrile rubber is 10-60 wt.% and 0.1-20 wt.%, respectively. The crosslinkable nitrile rubber composition further comprises basic crosslinking promoter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The metal halide perovskite has band gap of 2 eV or less. Preferred Composition: The metal halide perovskite is a perovskite of formula: (A)(B')(X)3.(A)=organic cation;(B')=Sn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Ge2+ or Ni2+;and(X)=halide anion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photovoltaic device comprises non-porous semiconductor layer having thickness of 100 nm or more. The chemical bonds between molecules of the passivating agent and anions or cations in the metal halide perovskite are chosen from halogen bond and chalcogen-metal bonds, or nitrogen-metal bonds and phosphorus-metal bonds. At least some of the anions or cations in the metal halide perovskite to which molecules of the passivating agent are bonded are at defect sites in bulk of the crystal structure of the metal halide perovskite and at grain boundaries in bulk of the crystal structure of the metal halide perovskite. The molecules of the passivating agent form a self-assembled layer on a surface of the metal halide perovskite, and are bonded to under-coordinated cations or under-coordinated anions in the bulk of the crystal structure of the metal halide perovskite. The molecules of the organic compound are bonded to metal cations in the metal halide perovskite by sulfur-metal bonds. The passivating agent blocks interaction between anions and cations in the metal halide perovskite at the grain boundaries. The passivating agent is iodopentafluorobenzene or thiophene, 3-hexylthiophene or tetrahydrothiophene, or pyridine, or naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene or fluoranthene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sacrificial zinc oxide layer further comprises a dopant chosen from fluorine, boron, aluminum, gallium, indium and/or tin. The content of dopant is 0.1-10 wt.%, preferably 0.5-3 wt.%. The zinc oxide layer has a thickness of 50-1000 nm, preferably 150-600 nm. The etchant contains nitric acid and/or hydrofluoric acid. The ratio of concentration of nitric acid to hydrofluoric acid is 1:1-20:1, preferably 4:1-8:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of component (A) and latent epoxy resin hardener (B) is 20-70 %mass and 25-40 %mass, respectively. The latent epoxy resin hardener (B) is microcapsule-type epoxy resin hardener or cationic latent epoxy resin hardener containing onium salt. The content of group (G2) in the epoxy resin is 10-100 mol%. The total chlorine content in the epoxy resin (A) is 1000 mass ppm or less. The microcapsule-type epoxy resin hardener comprises core made of epoxy resin hardener containing coat (c1) obtained by reaction of isocyanate compound (I) and active hydrogen compound (H), and shell consisting of coat (c2) obtained from reaction of epoxy resin (a1) used for formation of an epoxy resin hardener, epoxy resin (A), and/or epoxy resin hardener. The shell consisting of coat (c1) has bonding group (x) and bonding group (y) on the surface of the core including the bonding group (y) which absorbs the infrared rays of bonding group (x) which absorbs the infrared rays of wavenumber 1630-1680 cm-1 and wavenumber of 1680-1725 cm-1. Preferred Definitions:    G2=glycidyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): The 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenol derivative (I) is prepared by reacting bivalent tetralin group-containing compound of formula: X-W' (III) and sulfonic acid-containing compound of formula: Em-F'-G (IV), and forming ether bond, ester bond, and carbon and carbon bond. Preferred Composition: The proton transport material composition further contains solvent and forms lyotropic liquid crystal. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The encapsulation includes alloy of aluminum, copper, silver, and magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The adhesive strength of polyimide base material and gas-barrier layer is 4 N/cm or more. The gas-barrier film has a contact bonding layer provided between the polyimide base material and gas-barrier layer. The surface of polyimide base material is plasma-processed, UV-ozonized, excimer-processed. Polysilazane is modified using vacuum-UV light. Preferred Component: The polyimide contains biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and p-phenylenediamine as monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base material contains inorganic oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper film formation agent contains copper complex containing nitrogen-containing 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic-type compound including 1-3 nitrogen atoms, and copper formate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primer resin layer is resin layer containing hydrophilic residue, and is formed of resin composition containing phenol-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The average aspect ratio of clay mineral is 10 or more. Smectite includes montmorillonite, hectorite, and bentonite. The inorganic layer formation precursor contains polysilazane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transfer component has intermediate layer (M) containing polysiloxane. A to-be-transferred base material used in manufacture of functional film is plastic film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lanthanum metal ion is chosen from lanthanum oxides, lanthanum carbonate, lanthanum hydroxide, lanthanum chloride and lanthanum nitrate. The calcium metal ion is chosen from calcium hydroxyl carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride and calcium nitrate. The chromium metal ion is chosen from chromium oxides and chromium nitrate arid ammonium dichromate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The citric acid monohydrate is replaced with anhydrous citric acid or other polycarboxylic acids such as acetic acid or lactic acid for complexation. The glycine is replaced with other amino acids are chosen from alanine, valine, leucine and iso-leucine. The citrate to nitrate ratio is 0.28-0.14:1. The glycine to nitrate ratio is 0.56-0.28:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The passivation layer uses at least one of the materials from silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiO, SiO2), magnesium fluoride (MgF2), magnesium oxide (MgO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The glass layer comprises soda lime silicate glass, boron silicide glass, phosphate glass, and aluminosilicate glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal encapsulating material is made of super alloy, iron-chromium group alloy, and iron-copper alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of diphenyl sulfide-type compound and benzophenone-type compound is each 0.1-10 pts. wt., with respect to 100 pts. wt. compound having (meth)acryloyl group. The weight ratio of diphenyl sulfide-type compound and benzophenone-type compound is 1:10-1:1. The compound having (meth)acryloyl group is chosen from urethane (meth)acrylate having a cycloalkylene group, mono(meth)acrylate having a cycloalkyl group, mono(meth)acrylate having an alkyl group, di(meth)acrylate having a cycloalkylene group, and di(meth)acrylate having an alkylene group. The curable composition further comprises am organic solvent chosen from aliphatic ketone, aliphatic ester and aliphatic ether, a polymerization initiator other than diphenyl sulfide-type compound and benzophenone-type compound, a compound having a silanol group and/or alkoxy silyl group, and inorganic particles having average primary particle diameter of 100 nm or less. The content of compound having silanol group and/or alkoxy silyl group and inorganic particles is each 1-30 pts. wt., with respect to 100 pts. wt. compound having (meth)acryloyl group. The content of other polymerization initiator is 0.5-80 pts. wt. with respect to total of 100 pts. wt. diphenyl sulfide-type compound and benzophenone-type compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of filler (C) is 0.1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The curable composition has viscosity of 10-1000 Pa.second at shear rate of 20 (1/second).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable composition further contains 0.1-50 wt.% linear polymer (D) including a monomer unit containing a carbazole skeleton. The polymerization initiator (B) is photocationic polymerization initiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of the (meth)acrylic-type resin is 1-50 pts. wt. with respect to total 100 pts. wt. of the polyfunctional urethane (meth)acrylate and polyfunctional (meth)acrylate. The (meth)acrylic-type resin is a homopolymer of mono(meth)acrylate having alicyclic structure. The radical curable composition further contains mercapto group-containing compound. Preferred Properties: The weight average molecular weight of the (meth)acrylic-type resin is 50000-3 million. The composition has 23 degrees C viscosity of 100-20000 mPa.second. Thickness of the plastic sheet is 50-10000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating is monolayered coating. The cured film has thickness of 20-300 mu m. The coating material further contains a hardening agent (C). The fluoropolymer (A) is hydroxyl-containing fluoropolymer (A1), a carboxy-group containing fluoropolymer (A2) or polyvinylidene fluoride. The polymer (B) has unit derived from 8-15C aromatic polyhydric carboxylic acid compound, and unit derived from 2-10C polyhydric-alcohol compound. The ultraviolet absorber (D) is an organic-type ultraviolet absorber. The mass ratio of compounds (A) and (B) is 90/10-10/90. The content of ultraviolet absorber (D) is 0.1-20 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass fluoropolymer (A). The content of titanium oxide (E) is 20-200 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass polyester polymer (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polar group of the polar group-containing compound having ethylenically unsaturated bond is alkoxy silyl group or carboxylate residue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The zinc source is zinc acetate, zinc oxalate or zinc citrate. The surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium hexadecylbenzene sulfonate or dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: The composition contains greater than or equal to 2 wt.%, preferably greater than or equal to 40 wt.% lignin (derivatives). Carrier liquid is 1st fatty acid, esterified fatty acid, and/or hydrocarbon oil. Hydroxyl groups of lignin (derivatives) are substituted with ester groups of a fatty acid. The composition contains greater than or equal to 10 wt.%, preferably greater than or equal to 80 wt.% carrier liquid. Carrier liquid contains an oil such that the composition contains greater than or equal to 40 wt.% oil and greater than or equal to 2 wt.% (derivatives). Esterification agent is an anhydride. Catalyst is imidazole or acid. Preferred Parameters: Hydroxyl groups of lignin are substituted to a degree of substitution of greater than or equal to 20%, preferably 100%. Lignin (derivative) has weight average molecular weight of less than or equal to 2000 g/mol. Preferred Condition: Mixture is heated to greater than or equal to 80 degrees C, preferably greater than or equal to 120 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particles are metal oxide, metal sulfide, metal selenide and/or metal telluride, preferably metal oxide. The metal oxides are chosen from iron oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, yttrium oxide, europium oxide, zirconium oxide, zirconium-titanium binary oxide, copper oxide, manganese oxide, vanadium oxide, silicon oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, zirconium-titanium mixed oxide, indium oxide, aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, bismuth oxide, nickel oxide, magnesium oxide, antimony oxide, gallium oxide, cerium oxide, gadolinium oxide, rhenium oxide and barium titanate, preferably titanium dioxide, manganese dioxide and cerium oxide. The titanium dioxide particles are chosen from titanium dioxide P25 and/or titanium dioxide nanocrystalline anatase particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molecular chain is carbon chain. The active groups (G1) and (G2) are chosen from carboxylate, phosphate, sulfonate and silane. At least a proportion of linkage units are oxalate. At least portion of linkage units is removed by exposure energy chosen from radiant heat, UV-visible, infrared and/or near infrared radiation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Value of Ra is 2-300 nm. Exposed surface on opposite side of carrier is in non-liquid state under light shielding at 20 degrees C. Exposed surface on opposite side of carrier shows tackability at 20-300 degrees C or tackability of exposed surface increases at 20-300 degrees C. Ratio (Ra/lor) is less than or equal to 0.75. Average aspect (A) of uneven structure is 0.1-5, preferably less than or equal to 0.25. Ratio (Sh/Scm) of opening part area (Sh) which exists under region of unit area (Scm) of structure (A) and unit area (Scm) satisfies formula Sh/Scm=0.23-0.99 (2). Average aspect (A) of structure (A) satisfies formula A=0.1-5 (4). Ratio (Mcv/Mcc) of convex part top width (Mcv) and recessed part opening width (Mcc) of structure (A) satisfies formula Mcv/Mcc=(((0.5 divide by (Sh divide by Scm)))1/2-1)-(((1.1 divide by (Sh divide by Scm)))1/2-1) (1) and Mcv/Mcc=0.01-1 (3). Preferred Compositions: Space exists in recessed part of uneven structure. Carrier comprises uneven structure (A) on entire surface or parts of surface. Uneven structure contains fluorine, methyl group, and/or siloxane bond. Ratio (Es/Eb) of surface layer fluorine concentration (Es) of functional layer surface side of uneven structure and average fluorine concentration (Eb) of uneven structure is 1-30000. Preferred Forms: Carrier is in the form of a film with width of greater than or equal to 3 inches.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of polysiloxane and silica is 80/20-35/65. Preferred Definitions:    q=more than 0;and    R1-R3=methyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The III-nitride semiconductor layer is an N-polar III-nitride layer. The oxide comprises aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first material of the optical phase grating nano structure is one of copper, gallium and bauxite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In (II), the core further comprises zinc. In (III), the core further comprises an element comprising aluminum or calcium. In (IV), the core further comprises indium phosphide, selenium and sulfur. (I) further comprises: at least one shell disposed on the core and comprising a semiconductor material, where the semiconductor material contains at least one element comprising zinc, sulfur, selenium, iron or oxygen; and at least one capping ligand. Preferred Components: In (I), there is a gradient of materials at the boundary between the core and the innermost shell, and there is many shells and there is a gradient of materials at the boundary between adjacent shells. Preferred Process: The process further comprises: monitoring an optical property of a solution comprising the reactants; and stopping the reaction when the value of the optical property corresponds to the desired size of the semiconductor nanoparticle. The optical property is a UV-visible absorbance spectrum. The molecular seeding compound is zinc sulfide. The process further comprises etching the nanoparticles with hydrofluoric acid. EXAMPLE - 11.74 g Indium myirstate, 0.734 g zinc acetate, 0.591 g magnesium stearate and 1.507 g myristic acid were stirred in 100 ml of Therminol 66 (RTM: Heat transfer fluid) and heated to 100 degrees C. 2.7 g Zinc sulfide cluster was added. 18.5 mmol Trimethylsilyl phosphine was added at a rate of 7.2 ml/hour and the reaction mixture was heated to 195 degrees C and allowed to anneal for 140 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polycrystalline group III-group V compound is stoichiometric, polycrystalline gallium arsenide semiconductor compound, preferably metal-gallium-arsenic-pnictogen complex of formula: MxGayAsnP'm. The liquid phase comprises liquid bismuth and liquid gallium. The liquid phase comprises constituent(s) having melting point less than 400 degrees C and boiling point of more than 1000 degrees C as measured at 1 atm of pressure.M=metal other than Ga;p'=pnictogens other than As;x+y=1;n+m=1;x=0-0.3;y=0.7-1;n=0.7-1;andm=0-0.3.Preferred Condition: The annealing is carried out at 400-650 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The single source organometallic precursor is arsenic-gallium complex of formula: (R1HAs-GaR32)p and/or (R1As-GaR3)q. The precursor comprises one or more cluster species chosen from tert-butyl-arsenic-gallium complexes ((tBu(H)AsGaEt2)m(tBuAsGaEt)n), ((tBu(H)AsGa(CH2Ph))m(tBuAsGa(CH2Ph))n) and ((tBu(H)AsGa(tBu2))m(tBuAsGa(tBu))n), ethyl-arsenic-gallium complexes ((Et(H)AsGaEt2)m((EtAsGaEt))n, (Et(H)AsGa(CH2Ph))m(EtAsGa(CH2Ph))n), ((Et(H)AsGa(tBu2))m(EtAsGa(tBu))n) and (((CH2Ph)(H)AsGaEt2)m((CH2Ph)(AsGaEt))n), methyl phenyl-arsenic-gallium complexes (((CH2Ph)(H)AsGa(tBu))m((CH2Ph)AsGa(tBu))n) and (((CH2Ph)(H)AsGa(CH2Ph))m((CH2Ph)AsGa(CH2Ph))n), tert-butyl arsenic-gallium-ethyl complex ((tBu(H)AsGaEt2)m(tBuAsGatBu)n) and ((tBu(H)AsGatBu2)m(tBuAsGaEt)n), tert-butyl arsenic-gallium-tert butyl complex ((tBu(H)AsGatBu2)m(tBuAsGatBu)n), tert-butyl arsenic-gallium-ethyl-methyl phenyl complex ((tBu(H)AsGaEt2)m(tBuAsGa(CH2Ph))n), tert-butyl arsenic-gallium-methyl phenyl-ethyl complex ((tBu(H)AsGa(CH2Ph)2)m(tBuAsGaEt)n) and/or tert-butyl arsenic-gallium-methyl phenyl complex ((tBu(H)AsGa(CH2Ph)2)m(tBuAsGa(CH2Ph))n).R1=H or 2-10C organic moiety;R3=2-10C organic moiety;p=1-6;q=1-8;andm,n=1-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: The silicon oxynitride dielectric layer is formed by oxidizing and nitriding the portion of N-type silicon substrate, in presence of oxygen and nitric oxide. Preferred Property: The silicon oxynitride dielectric layer has thickness of 10-20 Angstrom . Preferred Layer: The semiconductor layer formed on the silicon oxynitride dielectric layer is a boron-doped silicon layer. The silicon oxynitride dielectric layer comprises boron atoms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The surface of silicon-containing substrate is textured by treating surface of the silicon-containing substrate with wet etch containing potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, nitric acid and/or hydrofluoric acid, or surface of the silicon-containing substrate is textured with reactive ion etch. The method further involves forming emitter layer, and epitaxially depositing buffer layer (15) of type III-V semiconductor material. The epitaxial growth of crystalline type III-V semiconductor material is performed using solid source containing indium, gallium, nitrogen and/or phosphorus elements, and/or gas precursor chosen from trimethylgallium, trimethylindium, tertiary-butylphosphine, phosphine and/or ammonia. Preferred Composition: The absorption layer is provided with silicon-containing substrate. The buffer layer of type III-V semiconductor material is intrinsic semiconductor material. Preferred Properties: The emitter layer has thickness of 50 nm or less. The crystalline type III-V semiconductor material has defect density of 1013 defects/cm3 to 1019 defects/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The apparatus further comprises a region for management of electrical power capacity or region for management of thermal capacity comprising pultruded composite regions including conductive carbon fibers and a polymer material, such as polyester, polyimide, nylon and/or epoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of barrier layer (5) is 0.1 mu m or more and the cross-sectional area ratio of the core portion with respect to barrier layer is 0.001 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The nickel particles-plated yttrium-stabilized zirconia-nickel particles have diameter of 30-70 mu m. Preferred Process: The method further involves treating particles in solution comprising tin chloride and hydrochloride, and then activating in solution comprising palladium chloride and hydrochloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroless-nickel-plating solution comprises nickel source, reducing agent and complexing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of the gallium film is 0.02-1 mm. Preferred Component: The gallium film is formed by immersing copper board in gallium melt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dielectric layer structure comprises a silicon nitride, silicon oxide or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metallization includes aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thin film has molar ratio of calcium atom to aluminum atom of 0.3-5, electron density of (2x 1017)-(2.3x 1021) cm-3, ratio of the light absorption coefficient at 3.3 eV position to the light absorption coefficient at 4.6 eV of 0.35 or less and thickness of 10 mu m or less, and shows light absorption in the photon energy position of 4.6 eV. The substrate is in a non-heated state.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thin film contains other metal component chosen from tin, titanium, indium, gallium, niobium and aluminum (Al). The content of other metal component is 15 mol% or less by oxide conversion with respect to 100 mol% total content of zinc oxide, silicon oxide and oxide of other metal component. The thin film has refractive index of 1.5-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin composition contains glass filler, curing agent, hardening accelerator, curing catalyst and/or additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed titanium and the yttrium oxide grains include yttrium titanate (Y2Ti2O7 and/or YTi2O5). The mixed titanium and the yttrium oxide grains have monophasic structure. The layer of carbon of each covers totality with surface mixed titanium and yttrium oxide grains. Preferred Properties: The mixed titanium and the yttrium oxide grains have mean size of 10-400 Nm, preferably 10-80 Nm. The layer of carbon has average thickness of 1-2 Nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heterocyclic spiro compound also has general formulae (I-VII). eg.,(II-III) The electron transporting group is selected from triazines, pyrimidines, pyrazines, imidazoles, benzimidazoles, pyridines or group of formulae (VIII-XXIX).Eg:(VIII) The organic functional material is an electron transport material, preferably n-dopant, hole-conducting matrix, phosphorescent emitter or host material.Q'=same or different CR1 or N; andQ''=NR1, O or S.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The density of gas barrier layer is more than the density of base layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is chosen from solvent having solubility parameter value of 7-9.2 ((cal/cm3)0.5) at 25 degrees C, and solvent having solubility parameter value of 10-14 ((cal/cm3)0.5) at 25 degrees C. The solvent is preferably n-decane, propylene glycol methyl-n-propylether, propylene glycol methyl-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethylether, dipropylene glycol methyl-n-propylether, dipropylene glycol methyl-n-butyl ether, cyclohexyl acetate, 2-methylcyclohexyl acetate, 4-t-butylcyclohexyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, dipropylene glycol methylether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, 3-methoxy butanol and/or 1,2,5,6-tetrahydrobenzyl alcohol. Preferred Composition: The content of compound (I) contained with respect to total content of solvent composition is 0.1-50 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The paste composition further contains 10 wt.% or less binder resin, and electroconductive metal material, semiconductor material, magnetic material, dielectric material or insulating material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reaction gas of the poly-silicon producing apparatus is provided with monosilane, dichlorosilane, and silane tetrachloride, trichlorosilane, and hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The exterior belt has tin-coating layer coated on surface of copper foil. The sewing thread is a metal filament.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Process: The method further involves etching using acid or alkaline solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution. The acid solution is mixture of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The N-phenyl fulleropyrrolidine derivative (I) is obtained by mixing fullerene 60, solvent, N-phenylglycine and substituted benzaldehyde, stirring, heating, cooling, distilling, purifying using silica gel column chromatography, distilling and vacuum-drying. Preferred Composition: The solvent is dry toluene or dry chlorobenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyol (A) is trimethylol or dipentaerythritol. The polyol (b) is dipentaerythritol-ethylene oxide adduct, dipentaerythritol-propylene oxide adduct, dipentaerythritol tetrahydrofuran adduct, and dipentaerythritol caprolactone adduct. The thermosetting resin composition includes aliphatic epoxy resin, aromatic epoxy resin or copolymer type epoxy resin having at least one epoxy group, preferably epoxy resin and aromatic epoxy resin having epoxy group. The aliphatic epoxy resin is epoxy resin having aliphatic cyclic structure, preferably (4-(4-(1,1-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl)- alpha , alpha -dimethylbenzyl) phenol) epoxy resin or bisphenol A epoxy resin. The thermosetting resin composition includes fiber (2C glass fiber) and particles (1C inorganic particle) on polyol (A), anhydrous trimellitic acid halide and nuclear hydrogenated anhydrous trimellitic acid halide. The fiber is glass cloth obtained by spinning the glass fiber. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: 1st processing solution is deionized water. 2nd processing solution is isopropyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The second substrate is made of germanium (Ge).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A solar energy battery structure is selected from a bottom electrode/n-layer/n-type wafer/buffer layer/i-A-silicon layer/p-A-silicon layer/antireflection film, the bottom electrode/n-layer/n-type wafer/transition layer/i-y-c-silicon layer/i-A-silicon layer/p-A-silicon layer/antireflection film, the end electrode/n-layer/n-type wafer/transition layer/p-A-silicon layer/antireflection coating, the bottom electrode/n-layer/intermediate layer/n-type wafer/i-A-silicon layer/p-A-silicon layer/antireflection film, the bottom electrode/n layer/intermediate layer/n-type wafer/i-y-c-silicon layer/i-A-silicon layer/p-A-silicon layer/antireflection film, the bottom electrode/n-layer/intermediate layer/n-type wafer/p-A-silicon layer/antireflection film, the bottom electrode/n-layer/intermediate layer/n-type wafer/transition/i-A-silicon layer/p-A-silicon layer/p-A-silicon layer/antireflection film, the bottom electrode/n-layer/intermediate layer/n-type wafer/transition layer/i-y-c-silicon layer/i-A-silicon layer/p-A-silicon layer/p-A-silicon layer/antireflection film, the bottom electrode/n-layer/intermediate layer/n-type wafer/transition layer/p-A-silicon layer/antireflection film, the n represents an electronic type (n-type) semiconductor, i-represents an intrinsic semiconductor, P-represents a hole-type (P-type) semiconductor, A-represents a non-crystalline, and UC-represents crystallites. The bottom electrode is a transparent conductive film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal of the anode comprises lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of analyzing the mixed solution further comprises: drying the mixed solution to produce a solid residue comprising the metal impurities; reconstituting the solid residue comprising the metal impurities with a reconstituting solution; and testing the reconstituted solid residue to determine the concentration of the metal impurities. The testing reconstituted solid residue is further defined as testing the reconstituted solid residue for metal impurities using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The method further comprises: preparing an acid solution comprising hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid; and preparing the second acid solution comprising nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid with molar ratio of 1.5-2.5 nitric acid: 1 hydrofluoric acid. The step of obtaining a test sample is further defined as obtaining a test sample of 1-500 g of the silicon product with the metal impurities disposed on it. The step of adding the first acid solution is further defined as adding a sufficient volume of the first acid solution to submerge the test sample into the first acid solution. The step of separating the undigested silicon from the mixed solution is further defined as adding a second acid solution to the mixed solution to digest the undigested silicon. Preferred Components: The reconstituting solution comprises nitric acid, and deionized water. The acid solution comprises a molar ratio of 150-300 hydrochloric acid: 2-20 nitric acid: 1 hydrofluoric acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous etchant further comprises a surfactant and alcohol. The surfactant is selected from anionic surfactants, fatty acid surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and non-ionic surfactants. The alcohol is isopropyl alcohol. The sacrificial porous silicon layer comprises a material selected from carbon doped oxide, spin-on-glass (SOG) and fluoridated silicon glass (FSG). The method further involves forming a crystalline silicon layer is p-doped crystalline silicon layer. The anionic surfactant is selected from perfluorooctanoate, perfluorooctanesulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, and alkyl benzene sulfonate. The cationic surfactant is selected from cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetylpyridinium chloride, polyethoxylated tallow amine, senzalkonium chloride and senzethonium chloride. The zwitterionic surfactant is selected from dodecyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, and coco ampho glycinate. The non-ionic surfactant is selected from alkyl poly(ethylene oxide), alkylphenol poly(ethylene oxide), copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide), octyl glucoside, decyl maltoside, fatty alcohols, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cocamide MEA, cocamide DEA, polysorbates and dodecyl dimethylamine oxide. The surfactant is a soap or a fatty acid salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent electrode layer is formed from aluminum doped zinc oxide, boron doped zinc oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, gallium oxide, aluminum oxide, lead oxide, cupric oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, or tin dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The source is prepared by additionally using the gallium. A substrate is selected from molybdenum, chromium, tungsten, or brass. A backsurface eletrode layer is selected from copper, indium, gallium, or selenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The content of iron is 500 ppm or less by conversion of ferric oxide. The ceramics contain 300 ppm or more magnesium by magnesium oxide conversion. Preferred Property: The ceramics have an average air hole diameter of 3 mu m or less. The average particle diameter of the alumina crystal grains is 10 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Semiconductor quantum dot consists of compound containing element chosen from group-2 element, group-12 element, group-13 element, group-14 element, group-15 element and group-16 element, and indium as structural component. Semiconductor quantum dot is indium phosphide/zinc sulfide compound, copper indium sulfide/zinc sulfide compound, silver indium sulfide compound/zinc sulfide compound, zinc dope silver indium sulfide compound, and silicon compound. Amount of semiconductor quantum dot is 0.1-100 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts alkali-soluble resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic dicarbonyl compound is chosen from p-terephthaloyl chloride, terephthalic acid, isophthaloyl dichloride and 4,4'-benzoyl chloride. The content of cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride and/or cyclopentane tetracarboxylic dianhydride is 10-30 mol% with respect to total content of aromatic dianhydride and aromatic dicarbonyl compound. The aromatic diamine further includes oxydianiline, p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, bis(amino-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane, 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 3,3-bis(6-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane, 4,4-bis(6-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane, bis(4-aminophenyl)sulfone, bis(3-aminophenyl)sulfone, bis((aminophenoxy)phenyl)hexafluoropropane, bis((aminophenoxy)phenyl)propane and/or bis(aminophenoxy)diphenyl sulfone. The aromatic dianhydride further includes biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, bicyclo(2.2.2)oct-7-en-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic dianhydride, pyromellitic acid dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-benzene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis(carboxyphenyl)dimethyl silane dianhydride, oxydiphthalic dianhydride, bis(dicarboxy-phenoxy)diphenylsulfide dianhydride, sulfonyl diphthalic anhydride and (isopropylidenediphenoxy)bis(phthalic anhydride).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The film has coefficient of thermal expansion measured using thermal transformation interpretation method at 50-300 degrees C of 13 ppm/ degrees C or less, permeability of 88% or more at 550 nm, and tensile strength of 130 MPa or more based on ASTM D882 when thickness is 8-12 mu m, and birefringence value of 0.1 or less, plane direction phase difference of 1 nm or less and thickness direction phase difference of 300 nm or less when thickness is 10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Method: A pre-pattern (103) is formed on the base film on surface (I) of the base film after providing the base film and before providing the directed self-assembling film. In providing the directed self-assembling film, the directed self-assembling film is provided on a region in which the pre-pattern is not formed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The composition further comprises an acid generating agent. The solvent comprises ester solvent and/or ketone solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: Compound (A) is of formula: (E)n-A-(D')m, and does not comprise a group which comprises active hydrogen, other than group E.A=(m+n)-valent linking group, preferably 1-30C organic group or (a1)n-Q-(-T-a2)m;D'=monovalent organic group having at least 10 carbon atoms, preferably sulfur-atom-containing group or group comprising polymeric chain comprising carbon-carbon bond;E=group capable of reacting with Si-OH or Si-H, preferably hydroxy or R'b3-aR'aSi-, more preferably hydroxy and/or alkoxy;m,n=1-200, with n preferably being 1-10;R'a=1-20C monovalent hydrocarbyl;R'b=1-20C monovalent oxyhydrocarbyl or halo;a=0-2;Q=(m+n)-valent polysiloxane structure having 2-100 silicon atoms;T=1-30C divalent organic group bonded to silicon atom in Q at carbon atom or oxygen atom;a1=site bound to E;anda2=site bound to D.D' and A are linked via sulfur atom. Preferred Method: Compound (A) is obtained by subjecting a vinyl monomer to radical polymerization in the presence of a chain transfer agent, which is a thiol compound of formula: (E)n-A-(SH)m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass frit comprises 30-75 mol.% tellurium dioxide, 0.1-18 mol.% , 5 mol.% copper oxide, 25 mol.% bismuth oxide, 20 mol.% silicon dioxide, 50 mol.% zinc oxide, 5 mol.% nickel(II) oxide, 15 mol.% magnesium oxide, 15 mol.% tungsten trioxide, 5 mol.% iron oxide and 5 mol.% chromium(III) oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw material (A) or raw material (B) is organic magnesium halide, organic lithium or organic aluminum. The reaction material includes organometallic compound of formula: (RA)3MA, preferably (RD)3MD. The raw material (A) or (B) includes lithium/magnesium halide compound of formula: RB-Y', and other includes metal halide of formula: MB(XA)3, preferably the raw material (A) or (B) includes organic lithium compound of formula: RCLi, and other includes metal chloride of formula: MCCl3.RA,RB=1-10C linear or branched substituted alkyl or alkoxyalkyl;MA,MB=group III metal;Y'=lithium or magnesium Halide;XA=halo;RC,RD=methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl;andMC,MD=gallium atom or indium atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali-soluble resin is polymer including structural unit and (meth)acryloyloxy group which have aromatic ring. The semiconductor quantum dot comprises indium phosphate/zinc sulfate compound, CuInS2/ZnS compound, AgInS2 compound (ZnS/AgInS2), solid solution/zinc sulfide compound, zinc doped AgInS2 compound, and silicon compound. The chain transfer agent contains compound having mercapto group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The adjusting of pH is carried out using hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate includes silicon wafer, ordinary glass or quartz glass. Preferred Method: The method further involves heating the deposited silicon nitride film at 550-950 degrees C for 60-120 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The flow rate of argon gas is 16-24 sccm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The total content of niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, gadolinium oxide, titanium dioxide and gallium oxide is 0.1-10 mol%. The molar ratio of lithium oxide, sodium oxide and potassium oxide is (0.7-1.3):(0.7-1.3):(0.7-1.3). Preferred Properties: The glass has average thermal expansion coefficient of 135x 10-7/ degrees C or more at 50-300 degrees C, and glass-transition temperature of 350-550 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The metallic substrate is metal substrate for mounting light-emitting element and chip-on-board-type LED package.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The glass has average thermal expansion coefficient at 50-300 degrees C of 175x 10-7/ degrees C or more, and glass transition point of 350-450 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The glass contains 0-8 mol% lithium oxide, niobium pentoxide, tantalum pentoxide, gadolinium oxide, titanium dioxide, gallium oxide, zirconium oxide and silicon dioxide, in total, and less than 1 mol% iron(III) oxide, copper oxide, cerium oxide, molybdenum oxide, vanadium pentoxide and bismuth(III) oxide, in total. The molar ratio of total of lithium oxide and sodium oxide with respect to potassium oxide is 0.15-0.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The isocyanuric acid derivative (C)is chosen from tri(meth)allyl isocyanurate and and/or its prepolymer. The isocyanuric acid derivative (B) is of formula (I)-(III). The alicyclic epoxy compound (A) is of formula (IV).R1,R2=H or 1-8C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains rubber particles, hardening agent (D), hardening accelerator (E), and curing catalyst (F).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The vapor deposition film is an aluminum vapor deposition film or a transparent vapor deposition film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plate-shaped inorganic compound is a modified plate-shaped inorganic compound obtained by surface-treating with phosphonic acid derivative or phosphoric acid derivative of formula: HO-P(=O)(-OH)-R1' or (HO)3-n-P(=O)-(OR2')n.R1',R2'=4-30C cycloalkyl or alkenyl having aryl, hydroxy or alkoxy, C1-C30 linear alkyl or alkenyl having aryl, hydroxy and alkoxy, or 4-30C linear alkyl or alkenyl;andn=1 or 2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curing agent is polyisocyanate containing a polyisocyanate having an aromatic ring. The polyisocyanate having aromatic ring is a reaction product of metaxylene diisocyanate or metaxylene diisocyanate, and an alcohol having 2 or more hydroxyl groups. The resin compound further comprises a plate-shaped inorganic compound. Preferred Definitions:    R1=tricyclo decylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of copper layer, aluminum layer and tin layer is 20-350 microns, 20-350 microns and 10-50 microns, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate is rigid substrate or flexible substrate. The rigid substrate is glass substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic metal halide is of formula: CH3NH3 (GeaSnbPbc) (IeClfBrg)3, where a+b+c is 1 and e+f+g=1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the methods (m1) and (m2), a polar aprotic solvent is present, where the solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide. Preferred Components: The metal or metal ion is a group 8 metal or metal ion, preferably is based on ruthenium. The complexes (c1) and (c2) further comprise: a second ligand which is a halide or a hydrogen atom, preferably chloride; and a third ligand which is carbon monoxide. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R2=tert-butyl;    R3, R4=ethyl; either    T1=NH; and    T1=CH2; or    T1+Q1 (when T1 is C and Q1 is N)=substituted 4,5-dihydro-oxazole-2-yl of formula (a1);    R1a, R1b=12C alkyl, 12C aryl, 12C aralkyl (all optionally substituted) or H, preferably methyl;    R1-R4, R11-R14 and R11-R14=isopropyl;    Z11-Z13=CH; and    R5=H.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reformate comprises 17 mol% or more hydrogen and 18.5 mol% or more carbon monoxide. The fuel-rich reactants comprise fluid chosen from methane-air mixture, propane-air mixture, n-heptane-air vaporized liquid-fuel mixture, kerosene-based fuel-air mixture, jet propellant 8 jet fuel-air mixture, pulverized coal-air mixture, and biomass-air mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sheet includes steel alloy such as an alloy of titanium, alloy of aluminum, alloy of tantalum or nickel alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The cross-cut testing is performed according to JISK5400 standards in order to evaluate the adhesiveness of copper film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The positive-electrode active material is spinel lithium transition metal composite oxide comprising lithium, nickel and manganese as transition metals. Preferred Properties: The positive-electrode active material has an upper operating voltage limit of 4.35 V or more relative to lithium metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Cyclic silazane-based compound is vinyl group-containing cyclic silazane of formula (I).R1,R2=1-12C organic group, in which at least one of R1 or R2 is vinyl;R3=H or 1-12C organic group;andn=2-10.Preferred Process: The supply of cyclic silazane-based compound includes obtaining nonaqueous electrolyte comprising the cyclic silazane-based compound, and supplying the nonaqueous electrolyte to an electrode comprising the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous solution further comprises glucose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The base material is preferably obtained from low-alloy steel or martensitic stainless steel, and contains aluminum-silicon-type aluminum alloy containing 1-5% silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal nanowires and micron metal flakes comprise gold, silver, copper, and/or their alloy. The average flake size (D50) of the metal flakes is 0.5-10 mu m. The metal nanowires have an aspect ratio of 100-1000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dispersant comprises methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or polyvinyl alcohol. The weight ratio of metallic material and dispersant is 0.14:1-20:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The scattering particles are selected from a group consisting of zirconium oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, aluminum oxide particles and silicon dioxide particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The peroxide crosslinking agent includes at least one selected from a group consisting of: dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, di-(2-t-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene, di-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide, di(4-methylbenzoyl) peroxide, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, dibenzoyl peroxide, 1,1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethykyclohexane, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, and di-t-butyl peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Properties: The layer containing corrosion-resistant metal has thickness of 50 mu m or more. The surface roughness of layer containing corrosion-resistant metal is 1 mu m or less. Preferred Composition: The molybdenum alloy comprises 80 wt.% or more molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal compound is chloroplatinic acid, chloromolybdic acid, tin tetrachloride pentahydrate, lead molybdate and/or chloroacetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is glycol solution or N,N-dimethylformamide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer material comprises polyacrylonitrile or Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer-copolymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The p-type layer comprises boron mixed in gaseous silane. The n-type layer comprises phosphorus mixed in gaseous silane. Manufacture process further involves vapor-depositing indium tin oxide (ITO) to form indium tin oxide layer. The indium tin oxide layer comprises 90% indium, 10% tin oxide and/or 10% zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible substrate is a polymer including one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyethersulfone (PES), and polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The absorption maximum wavelength of the organic photosensitizing agent (A) is 500-700 nm. Preferred Component: The organic photosensitizing agent (A) does not contain a metal in the structure, and is 2,2-difluoro-1,3-diaza-2-boratricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1(12),4,6,10-tetraenephenyl derivative of formula (I).R1,R4=optionally substituted 1-3C alkyl;R2,R3=H, bromo or iodo, in which at least one of R2 and R3 is bromo or iodo;andR5=optionally substituted phenyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Gelatinizer (D) is further added during production of optical wavelength conversion element. The gelatinizer (D) is an ionic gelatinizer or a nonionic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The farnesene is ( beta )-farnesene. The aromatic vinyl compound is styrene. The conjugated diene other than the farnesene is isoprene, butadiene and myrcene. The polar group of polymer (B) is (meth)acryloyloxy group, hydroxyl group, amide group, halogen atom, carboxyl group and acid-anhydride group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydrogenation rate of the carbon-carbon double bond in the polymer block (b) is 50 mol% or more. The thermoplastic elastomer composition further contains 0.1-100 parts mass polyvinyl acetal resin (C) with respect to 100 parts mass hydrogenated block copolymers (A). The polyvinyl acetal resin (C) is polyvinyl butyral. The thermoplastic-elastomer composition contains 0.1-300 parts mass softeners (D) with respect to 100 parts mass hydrogenated block copolymers (A). Preferred Properties: The peak top molecular weight of the hydrogenated block copolymer (A) is 4000-1500000. The molecular weight distribution of the hydrogenated block copolymer (A) is 1-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The non-evaporation-type getter material contains zirconium, vanadium, titanium, hafnium, nickel, zirconium-vanadium alloy, titanium-vanadium alloy, titanium-zirconium alloy, nickel-chromium alloy, zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy, titanium-zirconium-vanadium alloy, hafnium-zirconium-vanadium alloy, titanium-zirconium-hafnium alloy, titanium-hafnium-vanadium alloy, titanium-zirconium-hafnium-vanadium alloy, and has pressure loss of 200 or less mmAq at wind speed of 5 m/second and thickness of 10 mm, specific surface area of 500 m2/m3 or more and porosity of more than 50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The base material is glass board material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The silica-based hollow microparticles has refractive index of 1.1-1.45. Preferred Process: The silica-based hollow microparticles are surface-treated using silicon compound of formula: SiX4.X=1-4C alkoxy, hydroxy, halo or H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: An all-solid-state quantum dot sensitized solar cell is assembled by dissolving organic hole transport material containing azo pyrazine/pyridazine derivative (I) or (II) in dichloromethane or ethanol as a solvent, obtaining dilute solution having concentration of 0.01-0.5 mol/L, spin-coating the dilute solution on quantum dot sensitized solar cell optical anode, evaporating the solvent, and evaporating gold on the optical anode containing organic hole transport material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: An all-solid-state quantum dot sensitized solar cell is assembled by dissolving organic hole transport material containing azo indole derivative (I) in acetonitrile, dichloromethane or ethanol as a solvent, obtaining dilute solution having concentration of 0.01-0.5 mol/L, spin-coating the dilute solution on quantum dot sensitized solar cell optical anode, evaporating the solvent, and evaporating gold on the optical anode containing organic hole transport material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The element A in composition (I) is preferably yttrium, cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium and/or gadolinium. Element A and/or element D' are subjected to solid solution substitution in the bixbyite phase. The atomic ratio of sum total of element A and element D' with respect to sum total of indium, element A and element D' is 0.01-0.5. Preferred Properties: The electrical resistivity of the oxide sinter is 1-1000 m( Omega )cm. The maximum particle size of the crystal of the phase containing element A and element D' is 20 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The alloy material is made of nickel and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid source material comprises cadmium and tellurium. The coating material comprises cadmium telluride. Hydrogen telluride is reacted with oxygen. Hydrogen telluride is obtained by reacting a precursor material comprising a telluride salt, preferably ammonium telluride. The support comprises a layer containing cadmium, tellurium and oxygen. The initial environment comprises cadmium, tellurium and oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gaskets are made of an ethylene propylene diene monomer material i.e. ethylene propylene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: EPDM rubber and FKM rubber are co-networked with the peroxide crosslinking agent. EPDM rubber has 50-70 wt.% ethylene and 1-10 wt.% diene monomer based on the total amount of EPDM rubber. FKM rubber has 60-75 wt.% fluorine. The peroxide crosslinking agent is dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane, di(2-tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene, di(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide, di(4-methylbenzoyl)peroxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, dibenzoyl peroxide, 1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, tert-butylcumyl peroxide and di-tert-butyl peroxide. The rubber composition further comprises 0.1-10 phr adjuvant comprising co-crosslinking agent, a cross-linking accelerator, a reinforcing filler, an antioxidant, an anti-aging agent, a release agent, a plasticizer, a processing aid, a coupling agent and a tackifier. The rubber composition is introduced into membrane electrode assembly (MEA), a gas diffusion layer (GDL), a separation device or a polymer frame of a fuel by injection molding method. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of: 97.5 phr EPDM rubber (comprising 57 wt.% ethylene and 7.9 wt.% diene monomer); 2.5 phr ternary FKM-1 rubber (comprising 68 wt.% fluorine and TR-10 value of -21 degrees C); 3 phr peroxide crosslinking agent; and 1 phr co-crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of diamond-like glass, diamond-like carbon, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing agent layer is provided with main ingredient resin that is selected from the group consisting of polyisobutylene, butyl rubber, the styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-butadienestyrene block copolymer, styreneisoprene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene rubber and polybutene. The sealing agent layer is provided with hydrogenation terpene type-resin, hydrogenation ester system resin, hydrogenation resin of C5-type- petroleum resin, hydrogenation resin of C9-type petroleum resin and alicyclic type hydrogenated petroleum resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The sheet is prepared by mixing carbon fiber and elongate carbon nanotube and dispersing in a solution. Dispersion process is a jet-mixing process, and mixing process is a homogenization process. Preferred Compositions: Addition ratio of carbon fiber is 10-40 wt.% with respect to total of elongate carbon nanotube and carbon fiber. Preferred Parameters: Aspect ratio of length-to-diameter ratio of carbon fiber is less than or equal to 250. Elongated carbon nanotube has fiber diameter of less than or equal to 50 nm, fiber length of greater than or equal to 1 mu m, and aspect-ratio of greater than or equal to 100. Carbon fiber has fiber diameter of greater than or equal to 50 nm and fiber length of less than or equal to 50 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte system contains the supporting electrolyte selected from sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, lithium chloride, lithium sulfate and lithium nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is zinc oxide. The transition metal complex is chosen from transition metal salt and organometallic compound. The metal salt is chosen from iron nitrate, iron acetate, iron chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate, cobalt chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel acetate, nickel chloride, chromium nitrate, chromium acetate, chromium chloride, copper nitrate, copper acetate, copper chloride, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate and manganese chloride. The transition metal includes cobalt, iron, nickel, chromium, copper and/or manganese. Preferred Process: The interaction of transition metal involves incorporating the transition metal into the metal organic frame structure. The preparation of non-platinum group metal catalyst further involves modifying the catalyst by heat treating (180) in the presence of a nitrogen-containing gas, such that catalytic activity is enhanced, and washing the non-platinum group metal catalyst with an inorganic acid to remove a portion of the transition metal from the metal organic frame material. The catalytically active site is formed by infiltrating pores of metal organic frame, and forming monometallic and bimetallic transition metal-containing electrocatalytic active sites.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Organometallic compound is chosen from iron phthalocyanine, iron porphyrin, phenanthroline iron perchlorate, cobalt phthalocyanine, cobalt porphyrin, cobalt phenanthroline, nickel phthalocyanine, nickel porphyrin, nickel phenanthroline, chromium phthalocyanine, chromium porphyrin, copper phthalocyanine, copper porphyrin, manganese phthalocyanine and manganese porphyrin. Organic ligand comprises nitrogen-containing ligand chosen from imidazolate, pyrazolate, piperazine and tetrazolate. The catalyst further comprises nitrogen-containing organic solvent configured to react with the transition metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprise negatively charged groups. The inorganic oxide nanoparticles have a refractive index of greater than or equal to 1.60. The inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprise titania, zirconia, alumina, antimony oxide, ceria, zinc oxide, lanthanum oxide, tantalum oxide and/or mixed metal oxides. The phosphorus-containing surface treatment is phosphorus-containing acid or its salt, and organophosphorous acid or its salt. The negatively charged groups is negatively charged phosphorus-containing group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phosphorus-containing acid is of formula (I). The layers comprising the inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprising the phosphorus-containing surface treatment are alternated with layers comprising a polycation forming a bi-layer. The polycation is a polyelectrolyte that is not a phosphorus-containing material. The substrate is a light transmissive inorganic or organic polymeric material. The substrate is optical film, architectural film, greenhouse film, window film, protection film, fenestration product, solar light tube film, traffic signage film, commercial graphics film, solar photovoltaic front-sheet film, solar power concentrating mirror, or light transmissive cover of light bulb. The bi-layer comprises a monolayer of a polycation and a monolayer of a polyanion, where the polyanion comprises inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprising a phosphorus-containing surface treatment. The inorganic oxide nanoparticles and polyelectrolyte are provided in an aqueous solvent.L = O or alkylene group optionally substituted with OH groups;L-R2 = H or OH;R1 = OH; andR2 = PO3H2, SO3H or COOH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The passivating dielectric insulating layer is boron doped aluminum oxide (Al203) and hafnium oxide (HfOx).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first-level metallization is selected as an aluminum and a titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic nanoparticles have an average particle diameter of 0.5-1.2 nm. The metallic nanoparticles are chosen from metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nitride nanoparticles, metal carbide nanoparticles, and intermetallic compound nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic surfactant includes nitrogen-containing organic material or sulfur-containing organic material, and phase-transfer catalyst-based organic material. The linkers are organic monomolecules. The linker includes one functional group chosen from amine group, carboxyl group and thiol group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The flexible substrate includes polymer chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide, polycarbonate, polypropylene, triacetyl cellulose, polyethersulfone and polydimethylsiloxane. The nano structure further comprises organic material containing hydroxyl functional group, dielectric organic material or inorganic oxide, and organic surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymerization of polyester is carried out in presence of catalyst chosen from aluminum compound and/or phosphorus compound. Preferred Property: The melting point of polyester resin is 220 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The long-fiber reinforcement polyarylene sulfide resin composition (C) is obtained by continuously applying or impregnating melted polyarylene sulfide resin (A) to fiber, cooling and disconnecting into strand having length of 5 mm or more. Preferred Properties: The reinforcing fiber material (B) has aspect-ratio of 120-3000, and fiber diameter of 5-50 mu m. The polyarylene sulfide resin (A) has non-Newton index of 0.9-1.2 and melt viscosity of 10-500 Pa.second at 300 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The content of polyarylene sulfide resin (A) and content of reinforcing fiber material (B) is 99-40 parts mass and 1-60 parts mass, respectively with respect to total of 100 parts mass polyarylene sulfide resin (A) and reinforcing fiber material (B). The reinforcing fiber material (B) is chosen from fiberglass reinforcement, carbon-fiber reinforcement, basalt-reinforcing fiber material and aramid-reinforcing fiber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonionic surfactant is of formula: R-O-(AO)n-H. The content of alkali-metal silicate with respect to 100 parts mass of alkali-metal hydroxide is 1-200 parts mass. The cleaning composition further contains solubilizer.R=6-18C aliphatic hydrocarbyl;AO=oxyalkylene;andn=1-50..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The conductive resin composition has thixotropic index of 1-15 at 25 degrees C, and yield value of 2-500 Pa at 25 degrees C, and does not have flash point. Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is a complex of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polystyrene sulfonate. The binder is chosen from polyester-based resin, polyurethane, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, alkoxysilane oligomer and polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxygen concentration in the heat-processing container is 100 ppm or less. Preferred Component: The material of the heat-processing container of heat-processing apparatus is quartz.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Organic chlorosilane is chosen from methyltrichlorosilane, methyl-dichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dimethylchlorosilane and trimethyliodosilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The recycle line has shift reaction device (6) which produces hydrogen-containing gas from carbon monoxide-containing gas, and carbon dioxide separation apparatus which produces carbon-dioxide removal blasting fumes by removing carbon dioxide from the hydrogen-containing gas. The main gas line has sulfur-compound removal apparatus which produces sulfur-compound removal blasting fume by removing sulfur compound from cooling fumed blasting gas obtained by cooling gasifying gas, mixing unit (3) which produces mixed gas by mixing hydrogen-containing gas with cooling fumed blasting gas, acidic-gas removal apparatus (4) which produces acidic-gas removal blasting fume by removing acidic gas from the mixed gas, hydrogen purification apparatus (5) which separates the acidic-gas removal blasting fumes into carbon monoxide-containing gas and highly-purified hydrogen gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Dopant is selected from amino-substituted chrysenes, amino- substituted anthracenes, and/or their deuterated analogs. The 1st host is 10% deuterated. The 2nd host is selected from indolocarbazoles, chrysenes, phenanthrenes, triphenylenes, phenanthrolines, triazines, naphthalenes, anthracenes, tetraphenes, dibenzoanthracenes, pyrenes, quinolines, isoquinolines, quinoxalines, phenylpyridines, dibenzofurans, benzodifurans, metal quinolate complexes, and/or their deuterated analogs, preferably aryl-substituted anthracenes, aryl-substituted tetraphenes, aryl-substituted dibenzoanthracenes, aryl-substituted pyrenes, and/or their deuterated analogs. The 2nd host is 10% deuterated. The 2nd host has structure. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R4=Ph, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracenyl, phenylnaphthylene, naphthylphenylene, their substituted derivatives, O-heteroaryl derived from benzopyran, dibenzopyran, benzofuran, dibenzofuran, or their substituted derivatives and deuterated analogs, S-heteroaryl derived from benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene or their substituted derivatives and deuterated analogs, or alkyl-substituted carbocyclic aryl;    R2,R3=1-6C alkyl or deuterated alkyl, Ph, biphenyl, naphthyl, or alkyl-substituted carbocyclic aryl;    R',R''=D, alkyl, aryl, silyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, CN, vinyl, allyl, and/or deuterated analog of alkyl, aryl, silyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, vinyl, and/or allyl, or adjacent R groups can be joined together to form 6-membered aromatic or deuterated aromatic ring;    x=0-5 provided that when x is 5, p and q are 0;    y=0-5 provided that when y is 5, q is 0;    p,z=0-5; and    q=0 or 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The room temperature-curing-type organopolysiloxane composition is white color-type, and the cured product obtained by curing the composition has color change at 70 degrees C for 7 days, and after leaving-to-stand at 150 degrees C for 1000 hours of 5 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkaline reagent is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The solid carbon powder includes bamboo charcoal, charcoal, coke, activated carbon, carbon black or petroleum coke.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of steel slag and alkaline reagent is 1:1-3. The steel slag is carbon steel slag obtained by smelting iron and steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The terminal site of polymer (A) is of formula: O-(-CH2-C(-R1-C(-R2)-CH2-Si(R5)3-aY'a)-O-)n-R3-C(-R4)-CH2-Si(R5)3-aY'a (II). The principal chain of polymer (A) is polyoxyalkylene-type polymer. The curable composition contains 0.1-10 pts. wt. compound (B) and 0.001-20 pts. wt. catalyst (C) with respect to 100 pts. wt. polymer (A). The curable composition is a mixed-type liquid composition comprising agent (a) containing polymer (A) and compound (B), and agent (b) containing catalyst (C).R1,R3=bivalent 1-6C bonding group, in which atom bonded with each adjacent carbon atom is carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen;R2,R4=H or 1-10C hydrocarbyl;n=1-10;R5=optionally substituted 1-20C hydrocarbyl;Y'=hydroxy or hydrolyzable group;anda=1-3.Preferred Process: The polymer (A) is obtained by treating hydroxyl group of polymer containing hydroxyl group at terminal with 0.6 equivalent or more alkali-metal salt, reacting treated polymer with epoxy compound containing carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and halogenated hydrocarbon compound containing carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, and introducing reactive silicon group with respect to carbon-carbon unsaturated group by hydrosilylation reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The device with transparent base components having front-sided TCM stack with TC1 and TC2 includes base material of indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and cadmium oxide. The first and second TC1,TC2 are covered using anti-reflective coating materials such as magnesium fluoride (MgF2), silicon oxide (SiO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), cerium tri-fluoride (CeF3), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The buffer layer is made of zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc hydroxide (ZnOH).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The method enables providing a thin dielectric region that is made from tunnel oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent is selected from a group consisting of water, diethylene glycol, methanol, oleyl amine, ethylene glycol, triethyleneglycol , dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethylformamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The reducing agent is selected from a group consisting of lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, calcium borohydride, magnesium borohydride, lithium methoxide, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, ascorbic acid and triethanolammine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The injection system uses inert gas or air as carrier gas or intermetallic precursor. The inert gas is selected from helium, nitrogen, neon, argon, krypton or xenon. The reducing agent is selected from lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, calcium borohydride or magnesium borohydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is selected from water, diethylene glycol, methanol, oleylamine, ethyleneglycol, triethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The reducing agent is selected from lithium methoxide, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, ascorbic acid or triethanolammine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Nanoparticle further contains Ni layer disposed on Pt layer and Ni core. Ni layer has coverage of 1-100% of supported Ni/Pt bimetallic nanoparticle. A 2nd Pt layer is disposed on Ni layer and Ni/Pt bimetallic nanoparticle. The 2nd Pt layer has coverage of 1-100% of supported Ni/Pt bimetallic nanoparticle. Refractory porous support is gamma -Al2O3, Al2O3, silica, zirconia, titania, or activated carbon. The 1st solution is platinum(IV) chloride, ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV), sodium hexachloroplatinate(IV) hexahydrate, and/or potassium hexachloroplatinate(IV). The 2nd solution is nickel nitrate hexahydrate and/or nickel chloride. Preferred Parameters: Average particle size of nanoparticle is 3-15 nm. Preferred Processes: Preparation method further includes mixing 2nd solution including Ni with supported core-shell Ni/Pt bimetallic nanoparticle for 10-30 hours to form supported Ni/Pt/Ni multi-layer core shell nanoparticle and mixing 3rd solution including Pt with supported core-shell Ni/Pt/Ni bimetallic nanoparticle for 10-30 hours to form supported Ni/Pt/Ni/Pt multi-layer core shell nanoparticle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass component substance containing donor element is silica, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, lithia, barium oxide, strontium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide, cadmium oxide, vanadium pentoxide, tin oxide, zirconia, and/or molybdic oxide. The glass component substance containing acceptor element is silica, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, lithia, barium oxide, strontium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide, cadmium oxide, thallium oxide, vanadium pentoxide, tin oxide, zirconia, tungstic oxide, molybdic oxide, and/or manganese oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The donor element contains phosphorus and/or antimony. The donor element-containing material is phosphorus trioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, and/or antimony trioxide. The acceptor element contains boron, aluminum and/or gallium. The acceptor element-containing material is boria, alumina, and/or gallium oxide. A passivation layer (15) containing silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and/or aluminum oxide is formed on the n-type and/or p-type diffusion layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Aliphatic-cyanoacrylate contains 1-8 carbon-containing alkyl-cyanoacrylate. Protein is derived from plant, animal, microbial, or synthetic origin. Alkyl-cyanoacrylate is methyl-2-cyanoacrylate, ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, n-propyl-2-cyanoacrylate, isopropyl-2-cyanoacrylate, n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate, n-pentyl-2-cyanoacrylate, isopentyl-2-cyanoacrylate, 3-acetoxypropyl-2-cyanoacrylate, 2-methoxypropyl-2-cyanoacrylate, 3-chloropropyl-2-cyanoacrylate, alkenyl-2-cyanoacrylate, and/or alkoxyalkyl-2-cyanoacrylates. Aqueous organic solvent mixture contains methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetic acid, acetonitrile, and/or acetone. Aqueous organic solvent mixture contains 10-100 wt.%, preferably 30-70 wt.% organic solvent based on total weight of aqueous organic solvent mixture. Weight ratio aliphatic-cyanoacrylate:protein is 19:1-1:1. Preferred Processes: Alkyl-cyanoacrylate is reacted with protein without addition of catalyst or additional polymerization initiator. Preferred Parameters :Nanoparticles have average diameter of 50-500 nm. To-be-modified surface at least partially contains a hydrophobic surface. Surface is transparent, translucent, or opaque.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Copolymer is amphiphilic with protein moieties being hydrophilic and cyanoacrylate moieties being hydrophobic. Surface is glass, plexiglass, organic polymer, and/or inorganic material and is exposed to water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Single crystal silicon pull-up apparatus has blackening part which is formed of fluorine resin coating material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The buffer layer (a) further contains halogen chosen from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, and zinc. The content of zinc in buffer layer (a) is 15 atomic% or less. The coating system further contains buffer layer (b) (6) containing undoped zinc oxide and/or undoped zinc magnesium oxide, arranged on the buffer layer (a). Preferred Property: The thickness of buffer layer (a) is 5-150 nm, preferably 15-60 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor substrate is p-type silicon substrate. The agent (b) is phosphorus-based diffusion agent and the agent (a) is boron-based diffusion agent. Preferred Processes: The manufacture of solar cell further involves removing the agents (a) and (b) by heat processing, after formation of layers (l), (m) and (n), forming a passivation film in the main surfaces, coating electrode material to main surfaces in which the passivation film is formed, and baking the electrode material. Preferred Properties: The film thickness of the thermally oxidized film is 10-20 nm. The peak density of conductive dopant (a1) in the low-concentration diffusion layer is 5x 1017 atom/cm3 or less, and the peak density of conductive dopant (b1) in the low-concentration diffusion layer is 1x 1018 atom/cm3 or more. The peak concentration ratio of conductive dopant (b1) and conductive dopant (a1) in low-concentration diffusion layer is 10 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The inorganic fine particles comprise zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, and/or barium titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composite resin composition further comprises a dispersing agent and/or a surface treating agent, in a total amount of 5 pts. wt. or less with respect to 100 pts. wt. inorganic fine particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The metal salt-graphite oxide composite is isolated by removing the solvent and grinding to obtain dry powder. The solvent is removed by heating in air at 50 degrees C. The focused solar light is obtained using convex lens having diameter of 100 mm. The conversion of metal salt-graphite oxide composite to metal oxide-graphene occurs spontaneously with no time lag between irradiation of sunlight and reduction of the composite. The graphite oxide is reduced to graphene as solar exfoliated graphene. Preferred Composition: The metal salt is ammonium tetrathiomolybdate or ammonium heptamolybdate. The metal salt-graphite oxide composite is ammonium heptamolybdate-graphite oxide composite or ammonium tetrathiomolybdate-graphite oxide composite which is reduced to molybdenum oxide (0.5 MoO2)/solar exfoliated graphene composite. The molybdenum oxide/solar exfoliated graphene composite contains trace amounts of sulfur or free of sulfur. The solvent is water. Preferred Property: The molybdenum phosphide catalyst has particle size of less than 200 nm, preferably less than 150 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The other olefin is butene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dispersion further comprises a crosslinking agent and/or a polyurethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crystal growth promoter preferably contains indium and/or gallium. Preferred Property: The heating temperature is more than the volatilization temperature of the crystal growth promoter. The raw materials are converted to chalcogenide compound and made to adhere on a board and then heated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The fullerene derivative is prepared by reacting fullerene derivative precursor with diester pyrocarbonate of formula: R5-O-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-O-R6 (V).R5,R6=t-butyl. EXAMPLE - 250 mg 50C Fullerene, 585 mg N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine, 238 mg 2-methoxybenzaldehyde, and 100 mL chlorobenzene were added to a flask, to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture was refluxed for 3 hours and cooled to room temperature. The solvent was removed from the mixture using rotary evaporator. The product was separated off by silica gel column chromatography using mixed solvent containing toluene and ethyl acetate at volume ratio of 10-1. The solvent was removed from the resultant product using rotary evaporator, to obtain fulleropyrrolidine as brown solids, with yield of 30.1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The triphenylene discotic liquid crystal dimer (I) is obtained by adding potassium carbonate to catechol, introducing nitrogen, stirring, adding ethanol and acetone, stirring, adding n-butylbromide, heating to 60 degrees C, filtering, concentrating, distilling, obtaining 1,2-dibutoxybenzene, mixing resultant with dichloromethane, introducing nitrogen, stirring, adding anhydrous ferric chloride, mixing, adding resultant mixture to methanol, filtering, washing resultant filter cake, mixing with n-butylbromide, heating to 60 degrees C, cooling to room temperature, filtering, concentrating, recrystallizing, obtaining phenanthrene intermediate, mixing bromocatechol and methylene chloride, leaving still, adding phenanthrene intermediate, introducing nitrogen, stirring at room temperature, heating, cooling, extracting, drying, filtering, concentrating, recrystallizing, obtaining 2-hydroxy-3,6,7,10,11-pentabutyloxy-triphenylene white solid, mixing resultant with ethanol, acetone and potassium carbonate, stirring, heating, refluxing, cooling, filtering, washing, extracting filter cake using dichloromethane, concentrating, purifying and recrystallizing using hexane and ethanol. The triphenylene discotic liquid crystal dimer (II) is obtained by adding dichloromethane to 2-hydroxy-3,6,7,10,11-pentabutyloxy-triphenylene, mixing, adding adipic acid, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine, reacting, filtering, adding 5 wt.% sodium hydroxide/sodium bicarbonate, extracting, washing extract using deionized water, drying using sodium sulfate, filtering, concentrating and recrystallizing using ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass of sodium nitrate is 55-60%, and potassium nitrate is 40-45%. Preferred Method: The method comprises (i) dissolving raw material: mixing potassium chloride, sodium nitrate and ammonium nitrate as raw material, heating at less than 80-110 degrees C to prepare mixed solution containing potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate, controlling mixed solution chloride ion and sodium ion concentration to 16-22%, and 7-12%, (ii) cooling and crystallizing: cooling mixed solution to 0-35 degrees C, crystallizing potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate and separating out, filtering cooling liquid to obtain filtrate liquor I, obtaining mother liquid I, and salt crystal, (iii) washing crystal: washing salt crystals, controlling chloride ion concentration to 1-4%, ammonium salt concentration to 1.5-5%, and sulfate concentration to 1-3%, obtaining the semi-finished product, recycling wash solution, (iv) carrying out crystal thermal dissolution: adding water in step (iii) crystal semi-finished product, heating to dissolve to obtain saturated solution, controlling the concentration of saturated solution to 45-58 Be, (v) filtering: filtering step (iv) saturated solution, removing sludge impurity, cooling crystal, where the cooling crystallization temperature is less than 30 degrees C, after filtering, washing to obtain crude salt finished product crystal, controlling crude finished complex salt crystal chloride ion concentration to 0.008-0.01%, ammonium ion concentration to 0.04-0.05%, and sulfate ion concentration to 0.008-0.01 wt.%, and (vi) crude salt finished product crystal finished product dehydrating and drying so that the water content is less than 3 wt.%, then processing to a dry water content of not less than 0.1%, to obtain the salt product. In the step (iii) of water washing is using clean water and/or washing semi-finished product crystal after discharging wash water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The method enables performing a first chamber seasoning process to deposit a first seasoning layer that is made of silicon nitride. The conductive seasoning layer is made of amorphous silicon, doped amorphous silicon, doped silicon, doped polysilicon and doped silicon carbide. The material layer is made of a nitrogen-containing material that is silicon nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductor includes metal nitride elements.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductor is made of molybdenum, tungsten or tantalum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The anodizing process (II) is carried out using sulfuric acid, oxalic acid and/or phosphoric acid solution. The conductive thin film is formed using acetylene gas as dopant source. Preferred Property: The conductive thin film has thickness of 1-100 mu m. Preferred Composition: The substrate is made of aluminum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, niobium and/or tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The blackening portion comprises fluororesin coating material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Method: The nanostructures are grown that follow the seeds via plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Preferred Components: The nanostructures are carbon nanotubes. The connectors are co-fired from a laser to form grid line and get distinct seeds on the edge of the grid line. The nanostructures grown in between the connectors are connected, where the carbon nanostructures are carbon nanowires. The nanostructures grown in between the connectors are connected to collect the electron from the surface of the window layer and to allow the electron to bring out from the solar cell. The conductor layer is a transparent conductive layer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The bath solution comprises: 10-5 mol/l to 1 mol/l of persulfate compound; 0.05-1 mol/l of sulfur precursor; and 0.01-1 mol/l of metal salt. The bath comprises an ammonia solution (30) at a concentration of 0.1-10 mol/l. The solution containing the sulfide compound is a thiourea solution. Preferred Components: The persulfate compound is ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate or potassium persulfate. The metal salt is zinc sulfate, zinc acetate or zinc chloride. The metal is an element of column IIB, preferably zinc. The layer is based on metal sulfide, preferably metal oxysulfide. Preferred Method: The bath temperature during the deposition is 40-100 degrees C. The metal and sulfur based layer is deposited on a layer with photovoltaic properties, where the layer forming photovoltaic properties is absorber of solar cell thin film. The absorber is made of a chalcopyrite compound of copper(indium, gallium)(sulfur, selenium)2, copper(zinc, tin)(sulfur, selenium)4 or their derivatives. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent contains alkali.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The content of calcium oxide contained in the glass is 1 %mass or more. The ratio of total content of sodium oxide and potassium oxide to content of aluminum oxide is 3.2 or more. The total content of sodium oxide and potassium oxide is 10-18 %mass. The content of aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide and potassium oxide is 4 %mass or more, 3.5 %mass or more, 5 %mass or more, 1 %mass or more and 2 %mass or less, respectively. The glass further contains 1 %mass or less boron trioxide and 0.2 %mass or less titanium dioxide. Preferred Properties: The temperature (T2) of the glass plate is preferably 1510 degrees C or less. The glass has a glass transition point (Tg) of 530 degrees C or more, and average linear thermal expansion coefficient of 100x 10-7/( degrees C) or less at 50-350 degrees C. The loss-of-clarity temperature of the glass is less than the temperature (T4) from which a viscosity is 104 dPa.second. The chemically strengthened glass has surface pressure shrinkage stress of 580 MPa or more and compressive-stress depth of 5-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photocurable composition further comprises a silicon compound having silicon-fluorine bond, photobase generators other than crosslinkable-silicon-group-containing compound, and fluorine-type compound(s) chosen from boron trifluoride, complex of boron trifluoride, and/or alkali metal salt of fluorinating agent and polyvalent fluoro compound, and epoxy-group-containing silane. The polymer is polyoxyalkylene type polymer and/or (meth)acrylic-type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The acceptor element is obtained from glass component substance chosen from silicon dioxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide, thallium oxide, vanadium pentoxide, tin oxide, cadmium oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, and manganese oxide, or glass particles containing boron oxide, aluminum oxide, or gallium oxide. The donor element is obtained from the glass component substance or glass particles containing phosphorus trioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, or antimony trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acceptor element is chosen from boron, aluminum, and gallium. The donor element used during the manufacturing process is chosen from phosphorus and antimony. The passivation layer (15) of semiconductor substrate contains silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of metal particles is 2-600 nm. Preferred Components: The metal particles are metal oxide chosen from cerium oxide, zinc oxide and titanium oxide. The aqueous coating material further contains nonionic surfactant having hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of 16 or more, and anionic surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The radically polymerizable monomer (A) is chosen from monomer (a1) having 2 or more radically polymerizable groups in a molecule, and radically polymerizable monomer (a2) having a hydrolyzable silyl group in a molecule. Preferred Property: The contact angle of water on the surface of the coated material is 60 degrees or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of nonionic surfactant contained with respect to 100 parts mass polymer (a) is 0.01-3 parts mass. The anionic surfactant is chosen from polyoxyalkylene arylether sulfate, polyoxyalkylene alkylaryl ether sulfate, formalin, condensate of formalin and polyoxyalkylene arylether sulfate, and condensate of formalin and polyoxyalkylene alkylaryl ether sulfate. Polymer (a) is a copolymer obtained by polymerizing 2 or more radically polymerizable monomers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The layer of transparent, electrically conductive material includes a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) having indium tin oxide (ITO) and aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO). The dielectric material includes silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (SiN) and aluminum tri-oxide (Al2O3). The chemically active precursors for the dielectric material includes dichlorosilane (DCS), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), ammonia (NH3), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), trimethylaluminum, aluminium alkoxide, aluminium acetylacetonate and nitrogen di-oxide (N2O).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The platinum precursor is chloroplatinic acid. The concentration of platinum precursor solution is 1 mM.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reducing agent is one or two of sodium borohydride, ascorbic acid, methanoic acid and hydrazine hydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The amphiphilic polypeptide molecule has a length of 4-10 amino acid residues, 3-9 hydrophobic amino acid residues, 1-2 hydrophilic amino acid residues and 0-2 polar amino acid residues. The hydrophobic amino acid is alanine, isoleucine, leucine, valine or phenylalanine or ordered array of 2-3 amino acids. The hydrophilic amino acid is aspartic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine and/or glutamic acid. The polar amino acid is serine, threonine and/or cysteine. Preferred Method: The method comprises uniformly mixing polypeptide molecule and platinum precursor solution, adding reducing agent, sealing, uniformly mixing, and reacting at room temperature to 80 degrees C for 0.5-24 hours. The concentration of polypeptide molecule solution is 0.1-1 mM. The mol ratio of polypeptide and platinum precursor is 1:2-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The template agent is silica sol, ordered mesoporous silica (SBA-15) or montmorillonite. The initiator is ammonium sulfate or ferric trichloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The monomer is aniline, pyrrole, and/or m-phenylenediamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The viologen compound includes chloride-methyl, chloride-benzyl, bromide-heptyl and/or bromide-octyl as negative ions. The graphite oxide is obtained by Hummers method or improved Hummers method. Preferred Method: In the step (a), the ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 1-3 hours. In the step (b), the reducing agent is sodium borohydride, and stirring is carried out at room temperature for 12 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Solar silicon chip rust inhibitor composition comprises 20 pts. wt. reducing agent, 40 pts. wt. hydrochloric acid, 20 pts. wt. bentonite, 60 pts. wt. phosphoric acid, 30 pts. wt. anhydrous sodium silicate, 10 pts. wt. calcium chloride, 15 pts. wt. hexamethylenetetramine and 300 pts. wt. water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Preservative is formaldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent includes at least one of dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In the step (a), polyacrylonitrile and polyacrylic acid are dissolved in the polymer solution in a weight ratio of 1:99-99:1. The spinning solution is radiated under a humidity of 50-300% by electrospinning method or radiation method by using electrostatic force or centrifugal force. The polymer solution is prepared by mixing polyacrylonitrile solution obtained by dissolving polyacrylonitrile in solvent and polyacrylic acid solution obtained by dissolving polyacrylic acid in the same solvent in weight ratio of 5:95-95:5. EXAMPLE - Polyacrylonitrile having solid content of 15 wt.% was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain polyacrylonitrile solution, polyacrylic acid having solid content of 15 wt.% was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain polyacrylic acid solution, then the obtained polyacrylonitrile solution and polyacrylic acid solution were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain the polymer solution, and the obtained polymer solution was irradiated with 60 kGy electron beam to obtain the spinning solution. The spinning solution was electrospun at 23 degrees C under humidity of 100%, and dried at 60 degrees C for 30 minutes to obtain the transparent nanofiber membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Components: The electroactive layer is a charge transport layer or a photoactive layer (140). The charge transport layer is a hole transport layer (130). The photoactive layer comprises a host material and a photoactive material. Preferred Definitions:    Ar'=groups chosen from 98 groups e.g. group of formulae (i)-(v).    EXAMPLE - 5.9 g 2-(4-(10-(Naphthalen-2-yl)anthracen-9-yl)phenoxy)-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one and 200 mL dichloroethane were added into 500 mL round bottom flask and cooled to 5 degrees C using ice-water bath. Then, 9.6 g methane sulfonic acid was dripped into the mixture, stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and purified using column chromatography, to obtain 5-(10-(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracen-9-yl)-2,3-diphenyl-1-benzofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The solid particles and carbon nanofibers are chemically bonded together, and are included through catalyst particles. The chemical bond is ionic bond, covalent bond, and/or metallic bond. The thermal storage material is pellet-shaped. Preferred Conditions: The thermal storage material is filled in a container in which atmosphere of gas used as raw material of carbon nanofiber and/or inert gas, or in a container maintained at vacuum. Preferred Components: The solid particles comprise copper slag, steel slag, ferronickel slag, recycled aggregate, molten slag of incinerated ash, and/or fly ash. The gas used as raw material of carbon nanofiber is carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, acetylene, methanol, and/or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plate-shaped inorganic compound is modified plate-shaped inorganic compound obtained by surface-treating with phosphonic acid derivative of formula: HO-P(=O)(-OH)-R1 or phosphoric acid derivative of formula: (HO-)3-nP(=O)-(OR2)n.R1,R2=4-30C branched alkyl or alkenyl, 1-30C branched alkyl optionally containing hydroxy, alkoxy and aryl, or alkenyl, or 4-30C cycloalkyl optionally containing aryl, aryl, hydroxy and alkoxy, or alkenyl;andn=1 or 2.b,c=1-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyvinyl ether contains repeating unit of formula (asteriskCH2-CHasterisk(O-(CH2)b-OH (II) or (asteriskCH2-CHasterisk(O-(CH2)c-O-CHasterisk-CH2asterisk) (III) (excluding repeating unit (I)). The coating material further contains plate-shaped inorganic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: polymer (B) is obtained by reacting polymer containing hydroxyl group at one terminal after making 0.6 equivalent or more alkali metal salt act on the hydroxy group of the polymer, with epoxy compound containing carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, and reacting halogenated hydrocarbon compound containing carbon-carbon unsaturated bond with reactive silicon group after introducing reactive silicon group by hydrosilylation reaction with respect to carbon-carbon unsaturated group. Preferred Composition: The polymer (B) is of formula (I). The polymer (A) is of formula: -Si(R6)3-b(X)b, -Si(R7)c(R8)d(X)e or -CR93-fY'f. The principal chain of polymer (A) and/or polymer (B) is polyoxyalkylene-type polymer. The polymer (B) has average reactive silicon groups of 1.5 or more on one terminal. The ratio of polymer (A) and polymer (B) is 95/5-5/95.R1,R3=bivalent 1-6C bonding group, in which atom coupled with each adjacent carbon atom is C, O or N;R2,R4,R10-R14=H or 1-10C hydrocarbyl;n=1-10;R5=1-20C optionally substituted hetero atom-containing hydrocarbyl;X=hydroxy or hydrolyzable group;a,b,f=1-3;R6=1-20C alkyl, 6-20C aryl, 7-20C aralkyl or (R')3SiO-;R'=1-20C monovalent hydrocarbyl;c,d,e=0 or 1;R8=(R')3SiO- or 1-20C hydrocarbyl;R7=1-20C hydrocarbyl, in which at least one H on 1-3rd position carbon atom is substituted by electron-attractive group;Y'=halo, -OR10, -NR11R12, -N=R13, -SR14, cyano or 1-20C perfluoroalkyl;R13=optionally substituted 1-20C hydrocarbyl;R9=H or 1-19C alkyl;andc+d+e=3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas is selected from nitrogen, argon or their mixture. The pre-reforming reactor is fed with natural gas, preferably desulfurized natural gas.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 128 1,10-Phenanthroline derivatives e.g. 2,9-diphenyl-4,7-bis(4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline of formula (X), 2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-9-phenyl-4,7-bis(4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline, 2-(naphthalen-2-yl)-9-phenyl-4,7-bis(4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline, 2-phenyl-9-(4-phenylphenyl)-4,7-bis(4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline, and 2-(phenanthren-9-yl)-9-phenyl-4,7-bis(4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The device comprises an anode, a hole transport layer, a photoactive layer, an electron transport layer, and a cathode, where at least one of the photoactive layer and the electron transport layer comprises fluoranthene derivative of formula I or III. The photoactive layer comprises (a) a host material comprising fluoranthene derivative of formula I or III; and (b) an organometallic electroluminescent dopant. The electron transport layer comprises fluoranthene derivative of formula I or III. Preferred Definitions:    Ar'=selected from phenyl, naphthyl, and its deuterated analogs; N-heteroaryl group or deuterated N-heteroaryl group selected from pyrrole, pyridine, pyrimidines, triazine, diazole, benzodiazole, carbazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, imidazolobenzimidazole, triazole, benzotriazole, triazolopyridine, indolocarbazole, phenanthroline, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, its substituted derivatives, and its deuterated analogs; S-heteroaryl selected from thiophene, (di)benzothiophene, thienothiophene, and its deuterated analogs; O-heteroaryl selected from furan, (di)benzofuran, and its deuterated analogs; N,O-heteroaryl selected from oxazole, benzoxazole, and its deuterated analogs; N,S-heteroaryl selected from thiazole, benzothiazole, and its deuterated analogs; or selected from spirofluorenyl and its deuterated analog; and    n= greater than or equal to 2; where at least one of R1-R6 and at least one or two of R7-R110 have formula II.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate has a surface layer bonded to the linkers. The surface layer contains metals, metal oxides, semiconductors and semiconductor oxides, or includes material selected from silicon oxide, hafnium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, barium-titanium composite oxide, yttrium oxide, tungsten oxide, tantalum oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, barium-zirconium composite oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, zirconium silicate and hafnium silicate. The metallic nanoparticles are metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nitride nanoparticles, metal carbide nanoparticles and intermetallic compound nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The linkers are organic monomolecules bonded to a surface of the substrate. The nano-structure further comprises a dielectric organic material and an inorganic oxide that is bonded to or coats the metallic nanoparticles, and an organic surfactant bonded to the metal ions or the nanoparticles, which are grown. The organic surfactant is a nitrogen-containing organic material or a sulfur-containing organic material or includes a first organic material and a second organic material. The first organic material is a nitrogen-containing organic material or a sulfur-containing organic material, and the second organic material is a phase-transfer catalyst-based organic material. The linkers include functional group including amine group, carboxyl group, and thiol group, as a functional group that is bonded to the metal ions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic nanoparticles are formed of metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nitride nanoparticles, metal carbide nanoparticles, and/or intermetallic compound nanoparticles. The surface layer is formed of metals, metal oxides, semiconductors and semiconductor oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves bonding at least one dielectric organic material and inorganic oxide to surface of metallic nanoparticles, and/or supplying an organic surfactant before or during the forming of metallic nanoparticles, and forming a surface layer which is capable of bonding the linkers on a surface of the substrate. Preferred Composition: The organic surfactant is nitrogen-containing organic material or sulfur-containing organic material. The organic surfactant includes organic materials (a) and (b). The organic material (a) is nitrogen-containing organic material or a sulfur-containing organic material. The organic material (b) is phase-transfer catalyst-based organic material. The linkers are organic monomolecules. The linkers include at least one functional group chosen from amine group, carboxyl group and thiol group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The cover rate of bonding layer with respect to the bonding surface of indium or indium alloy layer is 90% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate comprises material chosen from sapphire, silicon, gallium arsenide and silicon carbide, and further comprises buffer layer intermediate base layer and gallium nitride epilayer. The buffer layer comprises aluminum nitride and aluminum-gallium nitride. Portion(s) of gallium nitride pillar is doped with silicon, magnesium, zinc or iron, and portion(s) of gallium nitride shells are doped with silicon, magnesium, zinc or iron. The gallium nitride shells comprise portion (p1) having chemical composition (c1), and portion (p2) having chemical composition (c2) different from the chemical composition (c1). The portion (p1) of the gallium nitride shells are doped with material (m1), and the portion (p2) of the gallium nitride shells are doped with material (m2) different from the material (m1). The selective epitaxy is hydride vapor phase epitaxy carried out using ammonia, nitrogen, or hydrogen chloride gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound includes a two-dimensional electron gas layer and unit structures stacked on top of each other in which each of the unit structures includes a repeating unit structure of the compound, and two-dimensional electron gas layer is one of between the unit structures of the compound and within the unit structures of the compound. The compound is silver fluoride (Ag2F), cesium oxide (Cs3O), hafnium telluride (Hf3Te2), strontium nitride (Sr2N), tantalum-niobium sulfide ((Ta,Nb)5S2), yttrium carbide (Y2C), titanium oxide (Ti2O), barium nitride (Ba2N and Ba3N), niobium carbide (Nb2C), and/or tantalum selenide (Ta2Se). Preferred Parameters: Electrically conductive film has transmittance of 80-100% for light of 550 nm at thickness of 0-100. The compound has a product of absorption coefficient ( alpha ) for light having wavelength of 550 nm at 25 degrees C and resistivity value ( rho ) of 0-30 Omega /square, preferably 0-5 Omega /square. Layered crystal structure is a trigonal system with a P-3m1 space group, a trigonal system with an R3-MH space group, a tetragonal system with a 14/MMM space group, and a hexagonal system with a P63/mcm space group. Binding energy between the unit structures of the compound is 0-100 meV/A2. Electrically conductive film is a continuous film with thickness of 0-100 nm. Electrically conductive film consists of nanosheets stacked on top of each other in which each of the nanosheets includes the compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: When the compressive stress in the surface (3) of the glass is at least 700 MPa, then the exchange depth of alkali metal ions is at least 25 microns. When the compressive stress in the surface of the glass is at least 750 MPa, then the exchange depth of the alkali metal ions is at least 30 microns. When the compressive stress in the surface of the glass is more than 800 MPa, then the exchange depth of alkali metal ions is at least 35 microns. The glass has viscosity of 104 dPa.second at less than 1300 degrees C, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of more than 580 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The total content of alkali oxides and alkaline-earth metal oxides is more than 13 mol%, preferably more than 15 mol%. The total content of alkaline-earth metal oxides is not more than 3 mol%. The molar ratio of total content of boron trioxide and aluminum oxide to total content of alkali oxides, alkaline-earth metal oxides and fluorine is 0.1-1.5, more preferably 0.1-1. The molar ratio of total content of boron trioxide, aluminum oxide and zirconium dioxide to total content of sodium oxide, potassium oxide and magnesium oxide is 0.95-1.55, more preferably 1.05-1.45. The glass element is stored in a salt bath containing potassium nitrate and optionally potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate and potassium hydroxide and/or silver-containing salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate particles are chosen from carbon powder, carbon nanorods, electrically nonconductive particles and carbon nanotubes, and have average spatial dimension of 20 nm to 1 mu m and length-to-width aspect ratio of 15:1. The precious metal layer includes platinum, gold, palladium, iridium and their alloys, and has thickness of 0.5-5 nm. The coated substrate further comprises an intermediate layer between substrate and adhesive layer. Preferred Property: The adhesive layer has thickness of 0.5-5 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method: at the beginning of the crystallization step, the molten mass of silicon is being hold at a temperature of 1400 degrees C during 2-3 minutes; the electron beam melting of silicon is controllably moved from one point to another point, on the surface of the melt and making circulation at every point, thus initiating the formation of the cluster, where circulation at every point is being made from 20-30 mu seconds; the temperature inside each circuited point is controllably changed, so that the temperature inside each circulated point would be 10-12 degrees C lower than the temperature at circumference of the circulated point; a partial carbonization of the clusters and doping by the impurities, as phosphorus and/or boron atoms are performed at a temperature of 800-900 degrees C; and a total power of electron beams is 120-180 kW, electron beam exposure frequency is 30-450 Hz and the size of beam spot is 1-4 cm. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of carbon nanotubes and divalent nickel ion is 1:(0.16-1.17).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The microbial fuel cell is prepared using pre-culture liquid of inoculum and 1 g/L glucose nutrient solution in a volume ratio of 1:1. The pre-culture liquid of inoculum contains 1 g/L glucose, 0.08 g/L ammonium chloride, 0.04 g/L monopotassium phosphate, 0.48 g/L yeast extract and 5 ml/L trace element solution. The glucose nutrient solution contains 1 g/L glucose, 5 ml/L vitamin solution, 12.5 ml/L trace element and 50 mmol/L polybutadiene styrene solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The concentration of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) aqueous solution is 1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The zinc source is zinc acetylacetonate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate and/or diethylzinc. The zinc selenide nanocrystals have sphalerite structure and particle size distribution of 5-150 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent is dimethylamine borane. Preferred Process: The zinc selenide nanocrystals are washed with an organic solvent chosen from toluene, chloroform, n-hexane, methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, or mixed solvent containing toluene and ethanol in volume ratio of 1:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The refractive index of silicon nitride outer layer, silica film and silicon nitride inner layer is 1.9-2.05, 1.4-1.8 and 2.05-2.2, respectively. The thickness of silicon nitride outer layer, silicon nitride inner layer and silica film is 50-80 nm, 5-20 nm and 3-10 nm, respectively. Preferred Composition: The flow ratio of silane and nitrous oxide gas is 1:1.5-1:2.5. The flow ratio of silane and ammonia gas is 1:4-1:6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silica contains 0.3 vol.% or less particles having particle size of 2 mu m or less, and 2.5 vol.% or less particles having particle size of 400 mu m or less, and has median particle size of 20-300 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The p-type and n-type layers of material are made of gallium nitrogen arsenide. The contact blocking layer is made of aluminum gallium arsenide and/or indium gallium phosphide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Coating composition further comprises hydrolyzable silicon compound. Preferred Properties: The metal oxide contains spherical metal oxide (a1) with aspect ratio of less than 3 and/or chain-shaped metal oxide (a2) with aspect ratio of 3-25.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer particles (B) are obtained by polymerizing a hydrolyzable silicon compound (b1) and a vinyl monomer (b2) having secondary or tertiary amide group, in the presence of water and an emulsifier. Preferred Properties: Antireflective film has ten-point average height (Rz) on the surface of a base material of 1-1000 mu m, ratio of the area of 70% or more and thickness of 80-150 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon tetrahalide is silicon tetrachloride, and hydrogen halide is hydrogen chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal oxide is selected from group consisting of alumina, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide or silicon dioxide. The metal is selected from group consisting of aluminum, indium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or titanium for first precursor material. The zinc is used for second precursor material. The precursor materials are aluminum acetylacetonate or zinc acetylacetonate. The nanorods are formed of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide or tin dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The absorbent layer is made of silicon oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by heating 3,5-bis(pentafluorosulfanyl)phthalnitroryl compound (Id). Preferred Definitions:    R=H.    EXAMPLE - 49.3 mg 3,5-bis(pentafluorosulfanyl)phthalonitrile and 4.4 mg zinc chloride were added into nitrogen-substituted ampoule tube, heated at 200 degrees C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, and obtained crude product was purified using silica-gel column chromatography, to obtain 4 mg ( alpha ),( alpha ),( alpha ),( alpha ),( beta ),( beta ),( beta ),( beta )-octa(pentafluorosulfanyl)phthalocyanine compound with yield of 7.8%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxidation catalyst is metal or oxide chosen from silver, molybdenum and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The sulfur compound is benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, or their alkyl derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heteropolyacid is phosphotungstic acid, silicotungstic acid, or preferably phosphomolybdic acid. The weight-volume ratio of polydopamine- modified CNTs and heteropolyacid aqueous solution is 0.01-0.5:100. The concentration of heteropolyacid aqueous solution is 1-100 mmol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dopamine is levodopa. The concentration of dopamine alkaline solution is 0.1-5 g/L. The weight-volume ratio of CNTs and dopamine alkaline solution is 0.01-0.5:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silver salt used in preparation of nanoparticles is chosen from silver bromate, silver carbonate, silver chlorate, silver chromate, silver cyanate, silver cyanide, silver cyclohexanebutyrate, silver fluoride, silver(II) fluoride, silver(I) heptafluorobutyrate, silver hexafluoroantimonate(V), silver Hexafluoroarsenate(V), silver hexafluorophosphate, silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver(I) hydrogenfluoride, silver lactate, silver metavanadate, silver molybdate, silver carboxylate, silver perchlorate, silver perrhenate, silver phosphate, silver sulfadiazine, silver sulfate, silver sulfite, silver tetrafluoroborate, silver thiocyanate, silver citrate hydrate and silver p-toluenesulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is selected from amorphous silicon substrate, single crystal silicon substrate, polycrystalline silicon substrate and microcrystalline silicon substrate or gallium arsenide substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gas barrier film further comprises gas barrier layer (L2) containing polysilazane reforming material on gas barrier layer (L1). The gas barrier layer (L2) is obtained by carrying out excimer modification process of coating film formed by coating the liquid containing polysilazane and drying. Preferred Process: Manufacture of gas barrier film involves using discharge plasma chemical vapor deposition method in which the discharge space is formed between the rollers with which the gas barrier layer (L1) applied the magnetic field using oxygen gas, nitrogen gas and source gas containing organosilicon compound, and using modification process unit for forming gas barrier layer (L2) by irradiating vacuum-ultraviolet light having wavelength of 200 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The crystal growth promoter contains element(s) constituting the metal chalcogenide compound. The metallic element of water-soluble metal salt and crystal growth promoter is indium or gallium. The metal chalcogenide compound of the substrate with metal chalcogenide compound film is a semiconductor containing copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The microspheres are made of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride and aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The capping layer comprises forming a material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (SiN) and silicon oxynitride (SiON).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The capping layer comprises forming a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo) or tungsten (W), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The protective layer contains silicon carbide, pyrolytic graphite, pyrolytic graphite containing boron, and thermally-decomposed boron nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The surface of carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon composite material is further impregnated with resin different from matrix resin, and carbonized or graphitized at high temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Sintered compact contains 100-10000 ppm of Cu and silver (Ag).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Float zone silicon work piece comprises pre-cut float zone silicon work piece having 160-600 mu m thickness. Float zone silicon work piece contains oxygen atoms which is less than or equal to 1015 atoms/cm3. Energized beam comprises ion beam or proton beam. Preferred Parameters: Silicon wafer has 2-70 mu m, preferably 4-20 mu m thickness. Energized beam has 5x 1014-5x 1016 ions/cm2 implantation density. Preferred Processes: Manufacture includes cutting silicon wafer to multiple silicon wafers. Manufacture includes moving each of multiple silicon wafers along conveyor. Preferred Form: Float zone silicon work piece has rectangular shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive oxide layer is made of aluminum zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc molybdenum oxide and indium tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The porous layer is comprised from a dielectric metal oxide, metal sulfide or metal nitride, where metal oxide such as aluminum oxide, vanadium oxide and silicon dioxide. The nano-rod is made from zinc oxide, titanium dioxide or stannous oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The dielectric material is comprised from metals consisting of aluminum, molybdenum, vanadium, indium, niobium, tantalum, chrome, tungsten, silicon or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crystalline polyamide is polyamide 9T containing 9C aliphatic diamine and terephthalic acid as main component. Preferred Property: The shrinkage percentage of the polyamide 10T stretched film when heat-processed at 250 degrees C for 5 minutes is 2% or less, measured using JIS K7133.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The reactive silicon group-containing polymer (A) is obtained by reacting polymer containing hydroxyl group at one terminal after making 0.6 equivalent or more alkali metal salt act on the hydroxy group, with epoxy compound containing carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, and reacting halogenated hydrocarbon compound containing carbon-carbon unsaturated bond with reactive silicon group after introducing reactive silicon group by hydrosilylation reaction with respect to carbon-carbon unsaturated group. Preferred Composition: The reactive silicon group-containing polymer (A) is of formula (I). The principal chain of reactive silicon group-containing polymer (A) is polyoxyalkylene-type polymer. The content of epoxy resin (B) is 1-100 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of reactive silicon group-containing polymer (A). The content of silanol condensation catalyst (C) is 0.001-20 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of reactive silicon group-containing polymer (A). The content of epoxy curing agent (D) is 0.1-300 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of epoxy resin (B). The curable composition is a two-component curable composition comprising solution (S1) containing reactive silicon group-containing polymer (A) and epoxy curing agent (D) and solution (S2) containing epoxy resin (B) and silanol condensation catalyst (C).R1,R3=bivalent 1-6C bonding group in which each adjacent carbon atom is bonded with C, N, or O;R2,R4=H, or 1-10C hydrocarbyl;n=1-10;R5=optionally substituted 1-20C hydrocarbyl;Y'=hydroxy or hydrolyzable group;anda=1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the front surface of the silicon chip is subjected to oxidation method using ozone oxidation process under controlled temperature of 30-80 degrees C. The method comprises filling oxygen, ozone and nitrogen mixed gas in an ozone device into a texturing device, and reacting ozone with silicon dioxide layer. The flow rate of oxygen and nitrogen, is 1-30 l/minute and 5-20 l/minute, respectively, and the mixed gas ventilation is carried out for 5-100 seconds. In the step (i), the silicon chip is subjected to oxidation by using nitric acid in an amount of 60% or more. In the step (ii), the printed area is formed with corrosive pores of diameter 10-50 mu m, and pitch of 20-50 mu m. In the step (iii), the silicon chip is subjected with nitric acid and hydrogen fluoride mixed solution, soaking in an acid bath, removing the silicon dioxide layer, cleaning, and drying to obtain textured structure. Preferred Components: The textured structure has larger diameter pore, and shallow depth of pit-type structure with edges and corners, where the pit diameter is 20-80 mu m, and the depth is 100-500 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ozone device is provided with a UV lamp, so that the oxygen is converted to ozone by irradiation of UV lamp.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of metal element substituted in the N-type oxide layer is 0.05-0.75 %mass. The metal element is lanthanoid element or niobium element. The P-type oxide layer is formed of oxide having perovskite structure, preferably bismuth ferrate or lead zirconate titanate. The P-type oxide layer further contains element chosen from lead, calcium, strontium, barium, lithium, sodium and potassium, or element chosen from aluminum, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. The P-type oxide layer is formed on a substrate formed of N-type oxide by film forming process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The vessel is electrolysis cell. The halogenation reactor is fluidized bed reactor in which silicon is suspended in halogenated silicon feed gas comprising halosilane. The system further consists of polycrystalline silicon reactor for decomposing silane to produce hydrogen and polycrystalline silicon, and conveying apparatus for conveying hydrogen from the polycrystalline silicon reactor to the hydride reactor and polycrystalline silicon reactor. The polycrystalline reactor consists of electrically heated rods for thermally decomposing silane. The polycrystalline reactor is fluidized bed reactor in which silane fluidizes polycrystalline silicon particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The halosilane is chosen from silicon tetrahalide, trihalosilane, dihalosilane and monohalosilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The plasticizer (B) is of formula: R1-C(=O)-O-(-CH2-C(-R2)-O-)n-CH2-C(-R2)-O-C(=O)-R1 (I). The content of plasticizer (B) is 1-30 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. rubber (A).R1,R2=H or 1-350C hydrocarbyl;andn=3-100.Preferred Properties: The plasticizer (B) has molecular weight of 600-5000, viscosity of 15-200 mPa.second at 25 degrees C, freezing point of 10 degrees C to -20 degrees C, and solubility parameter value of 7-11 (cal/cm3)1/2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The composite-carbon material is obtained by mixing 30-200 parts mass of precursor of carbonaceous material with 100 parts mass of carbon black, and baking or graphitizing. Preferred Properties: The carbon-composite material has average-particle diameter (D50) of 20 mu m or less. The electrode exfoliation strength of negative electrode is 0.2 N/cm or more. The carbon-composite material has specific surface area of 100-350 m2/g or less, calculated by BET method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains antioxidant (c), hole-formation agent (d), or ( beta )-crystalline nucleating agent (e). The mass ratios of polyolefin (a) and fiber (b) are 70-95 %mass and 5-30 %mass, respectively with respect to sum total mass of polyolefin (a) and fiber (b). The mass ratios of antioxidant (c), hole-formation agent (d) and ( beta )-crystalline nucleating agent (e) are 0.01-5 parts mass, 25-250 parts mass and 0.0001-10 parts mass, respectively with respect to sum total mass of polyolefin (a) and fiber (b).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred process: The process involves utilizing conditions comprising base pressure of 3x 10-4, substrate temperature of 450-500 degrees C, copper evaporation source temperature of 1200-1400 degrees C, zinc-sulfur evaporation source temperature of 1100-1200 degrees C, tin evaporation source temperature of 1100-1200 degrees C, sulfur evaporation source temperature of 80-90 degrees C, and copper, zinc-selenium, tin and sulfur co-evaporation time of 30-50 minutes, raising the substrate temperature at 550-580 degrees C, annealing tin and sulfur for 5 minutes, adjusting the substrate temperature, cooling the evaporation source to room temperature, reducing the substrate temperature to 300 degrees C and cooling the substrate to room temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: (Claimed) Dinuclear boron heterocyclic chromophore compound is prepared by combining pyrrole aldehyde and/or ketone with hydrazine to form bis(pyrrole imine) hydrazine and combining bis(pyrrole imine) hydrazine with boron trifluoride (BF3). Preferred Components: Pyrrole aldehyde and/or ketone are represented by formula (II). Bis(pyrrole imine) hydrazine is represented by formula (III). Preferred Definitions:    R=H or Me;    R1-R8=1-30C alkyl, 1-30C alkenyl, 1-30C alkynyl, 1-30C aryl, 1-30C alkoxy, 1-30C phenoxy, 1-30C thioalkyl, 1-30C thioaryl, 1-30C C(O)OR9, N(R10)(R11), C(O)N(R9)(R10), F, Cl, Br, NO2, CN, acyl, carboxylate, and/or OH;    R9-R11=H, 1-30C alkyl, and/or 1-30C aryl; and    R1+R2,R2+R3,R5+R6,R6+R7,R7+R8=optionally substituted monocyclic group or optionally substituted 6-24C multicyclic group.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Compounds (I) are disclosed, e.g. formulae (IA) and (IB).    EXAMPLE - Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde was reacted with hydrazine to form pyrrole-imine dimeric chelate which readily reacted with boron trifluoride to form bis(difluoroboron)(1,2-bis(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine (BOPHY). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) (1.48 g) was added to solution of BOPHY (200 mg) in dichloromethane (DCM) (10 ml). Boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3.Et2O) (1.7 ml) was added dropwise, and reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, quenched with water, and extracted by DCM. Organic layer was washed with water (3x 10 ml) and dried over magnesium sulfate. After solvent concentration, pure product was obtained by silica gel column chromatography using 100% DCM to give compound of formula (IA) as yellow solid (125 mg, 42% yield). Product was re-crystallized from DCM/hexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyimide is synthesized using tetracarboxylic dianhydride of formula (II) and aromatic diamine compound of formula (III). The tetracarboxylic dianhydride (II) is preferably chosen from 5-(4-(2-(4-((1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-yl)oxy)phenyl)propan-2-yl)phenoxy)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione, 5-(4-(2-(4-((1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-yl)oxy)phenyl)propan-2-yl)phenoxy)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione and 5-(2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione. The aromatic diamine compound (III) is preferably chosen from 4-(4-(2-(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenoxy)aniline and 4-(4-(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenoxy)phenoxy)aniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves utilizing metal salt, tert-butyl pyridine, redox electrolytic solution such as iodine, lithium iodide, ionic liquids, additives and the second solvent, and organic ligand such as carboxylic acid group and carboxylic acid ligand comprising terephthalic acid, trimesic acid and naphthalene dicarboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The redox auxiliary moiety is an arylamine or a metallocene. The reactive moiety is an azo compound or a bicyclic diene. The bicyclic diene is norbornadiene. (I) is substituted bicyclic compounds of formulae (Ia)-(Ic).X1-X5 = 1-24C alkyl, 2-24C alkenyl, 2-24C alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl (all optionally substituted), H, halo, alkoxy, OH, nitrile, nitro, -C(O)R1, -NR1R2 or -C(O)NR1R2;R1, R2 = 1-24C alkyl, 2-24C alkenyl, 2-24C alkynyl, 1-24C aryl, 1-24C heteroaryl (all optionally substituted), H or halo;R1a = redox auxiliary group;M1 = metallocene;T1 = tosyl; andF1 = ferrocene.Provided that if X1-X4 are H and X5 is tosyl, then R1a is neither N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline nor N-phenyl-N,N,N-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)benzene-1,4-diamine. (II) is of bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino substituted 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenyldiazene of formula (IIa). Preferred Method: The redox auxiliary moiety is oxidized photochemically and/or electrochemically. The oxidized redox auxiliary moiety exchanges an electron with a neutral redox auxiliary moiety to propagate electron transfer chain reaction to effect redox catalysis. The reaction can be run at a lower temperature than that which would be needed in the absence of a redox auxiliary group. The method further comprises removing redox auxiliary moiety from the product. The reaction is an isomerization, a rearrangement, an electrocyclic reaction, a photoelectrochemical reaction and/or a thermal reaction. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nanocarbon leaves aerogel has pore size of 1 nm to 20 mu m, porosity of 88-98%, density of 0.03-0.80 g/cm3, specific surface area of 20-2000 m2/g, and electrical conductivity of 105 to 104 S/m. The carbon nanotubes are single-walled nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, three-walled carbon nanotubes, or multi-walled carbon nanotube array. The dopant element comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, boron, and/or sulfur, preferably soluble pyrrole with N atoms, aniline, urea, ammonia, or dicyandiamide as nitrogen source; phenyl soluble phosphate atoms, triphenyl phosphate, or phosphoric acid as phosphorus source; soluble boric acid, boride, or amine borate with boron atoms as boron source; soluble thiophene with sulfur atom, sulfur powder, di or tri dodecyl mercaptan, or acidified sulfur source; or heteroatoms containing dopants, including L-cysteine, thiosemicarbazide. Preferred Method: The drying step involves freeze drying or supercritical fluid drying method. The high temperature pyrolysis is carried out at 200-1100 degrees C under protection of argon or nitrogen gas, heating rate of 1-50 degrees C/minute for 1-48 hours, and cooling rate of 1-50 degrees C/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The reaction is carried out using high energy rotational or vibrational mill with the milling vessel containing ball or disk milling elements, made of stainless steel, tungsten carbide, or zirconium oxide. The reaction is carried out by grinding in a mortar, made of ceramic or agate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inert atmosphere is atmosphere of nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton or xenon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precursor (M(An)u) contains weakly coordinating anions chosen from tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoro-methyl)phenyl)borate, tetrakis(perfluoro-tert-butoxy)aluminate, tetrakis(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-phenyl-2- propoxy)aluminate, tetraphenylborate, tetrakis(pentafluoro-phenyl)borate and their derivatives. The precursor ((Cat)vM'(BH4)w) contains weakly coordinated cations chosen from tetrabutylphosphonium, tetraoctylphosphonium, tetradodecylphosphonium, tetraphenylphosphonium, tetrabutylammonium, tetraoctylammonium, tetradodecylammonium and tetraphenylammonium. The solvent is dichloromethane, chloroform, perfluorodecalin, perfluorohexane or perfluorooctane. Preferred Definitions:    M=Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Al3+, Ga3+, Y3+, La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu2+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, Yb3+, Lu3+, Cu+, Ag+ or NH4+;and    M'=Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Al3+, Ga3+, Sc3+, Y3+, La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu2+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Yb2+, Yb3+, Lu3+, Ti3+, V2+, V3+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu+, Zn2+ or Cd2+.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal contact layer comprises the sequence of layers selected from a group consisting of palladium/germanium/gold, palladium/germanium/silver, palladium/germanium/platinum/gold, palladium/germanium/platinum/silver, palladium/germanium/platinum/silver/gold, gold/germanium/palladium/gold, palladium/germanium/titanium/palladium/gold, and palladium/germanium/titanium/palladium/silver/gold. The upper subcell is made of indium gallium aluminum phosphide. The middle subcell is made of gallium arsenide, gallium indium phosphide, gallium indium arsenide, gallium arsenide antimony, or gallium indium arsenic nitride emitter region and gallium arsenide, gallium indium arsenide, gallium arsenide antimony, or gallium indium arsenide antimony base region. The lower subcell is composed of an indium gallium arsenic base and emitter layer, or indium gallium arsenic base layer and indium gallium phosphide emitter layer. The graded interlayer is composed of indium gallium aluminum arsenic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of buffer layer (A) is 1-30 nm. The thickness of buffer layer (B) is 10-50 nm. Preferred Composition: The conductive material is aluminum, copper, silver, gold, gallium and/or indium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The etching agent is mixture of 30-65% concentration hydrogen fluoride, 45-85% concentration nitric acid and water of weight ratio 1:3:8-1:8. The etching agent can be added with sulfuric acid, and hydrogen fluoride or nitric acid is completely or partially replaced with sulfuric acid. The etching agent is added with silicon, germanium or other semiconductor material in chemical vapor etching. Preferred Method: The step (iii) can be performed using different etching agents. The chemical vapor etching temperature is 0-85 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas containing carbon and fluorine is at least one of hexafluorocyclobutene, octafluorocyclobutane, octafluoropropane, difluoromethane, trifluoromethane and difluoromethyl-containing gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal with higher affinity than copper comprises zinc. Preferred Property: The thickness of surface-treated layer is 8-300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nanoparticles are core-shell particles having shell portion comprising polypeptide and core portion containing inorganic nanoparticles. The polypeptide comprises spherical-shell-formed protein. The core-shell particles comprise ferritin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer chain is polyalkylene glycol chain. Preferred Property: The largest length of polymer chain is 4 nm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The atomic ratio of secondary metal with respect to primary metal contained in the metal nanoparticles is 1:5-10:1. The primary metal or secondary metal is chosen from platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, molybdenum, osmium, iridium, rhenium, palladium, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, iron, selenium, nickel, bismuth, tin, chromium, titanium, gold, cerium, and copper. The primary metal is preferably nickel. The secondary metal is preferably platinum. The carrier contains carbon-based material or inorganic particles. The carbon-based material is carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, activated charcoal, porous carbon, carbon fibers, or carbon nanowires. The inorganic particles contain alumina, silica, titanium oxide, or zirconia. The amount of metal nanoparticles deposited on carrier is 10-70 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon black is XC-72. The active component of catalyst is ordered-structure platinum-cobalt-platinum alloy, where the cobalt-platinum alloy is core and platinum layer is shell. The soluble cobalt salt is cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate or cobalt sulfate. Preferred Method: Vacuum-drying is done at - 60 to - 40 degrees C for 24-35 hours. Annealing is done at 600-1000 degrees C for 2-6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mononuclear complex (I) is preferably of formula (II). Preferred Definitions:    X=water molecule, H, alkoxide ion, hydroxide ion, halide ion, carbonate ion, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid ion, sulfate ion, nitrate ion, formic acid ion or acetate ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon dioxide layers are formed using liquid composition comprising silicon dioxide particles. The interdigitated back contact solar cell has a passivation layer (a1) containing silicon oxide or aluminum oxide, and passivation layer (a2) containing silicon nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The primary and secondary heat treatment are carried out in atmosphere containing mixture of hydrogen sulfide and selenium sulfide. Preferred Components: The copper precursor is chosen from copper(I) chloride, copper(II)chloride, copper iodide and copper nitrate. The zinc precursor is chosen from zinc chloride, zinc iodide and zinc nitrate. The tin precursor is tin(II) chloride or tin(IV) chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The precursor of group-VI element is chosen from thiourea, ammonium sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, t-butyl mercaptan, selenium dioxide, and selenium tetraoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic fine particles are organic substance-modified silica particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The layers are provided on a base material. The vinyl polymer segment comprises an alcoholic hydroxyl group. The content of the polysiloxane segment is 10-90 wt.% with respect to total solid amount of active energy ray-curable resin layer. The active energy ray-curable resin composition contains further comprises a polyisocyanate and inorganic fine particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric dielectric precursor comprises polysilylenemethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The ceramic particles comprises primary particles having average particle diameter of less than 6 mu m and secondary particles. The average roundness of the ceramic particles in planar view is less than 1.5. The average aspect-ratio of ceramic particles in planar view is less than 1.4. The average fractal dimension of ceramic particles is less than 1.07. The repose angle of thermal spray material is less than 35 degrees . Preferred Composition: The ceramic particles are chosen from alumina, zirconia, yttria, silica, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, silicon aluminum oxynitride, aluminum nitride and hydroxyapatite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The Haze value of the glass after being immersed in 10 %mass hydrochloric acid aqueous solution at 50 degrees C for 3 hours is 3% or less, in based conversion of thickness of 0.7 mm. The glass has liquid phase viscosity of 103.8 dPa.second or more. Preferred Composition: The glass contains 10 mol% or less bismuth(III) oxide, lanthanum oxide, gadolinium(III) oxide, niobium pentoxide, tantalum pentoxide and tungsten trioxide, and 5 mol% or less zinc oxide. The glass excludes alkali metal oxide and lead oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The doped laser absorbent passivation layer is made of aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The transparent base material is chain-shaped olefin-type resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of alloy-oxide composite carbon material loaded noble metal catalyst is carried out by dispersing noble metal salt and sodium citrate at molar ratio of 1:1-1:8 in ethylene glycol, adjusting pH to 7-10, adding carbon carrier, reacting to 120-200 degrees C for 2-10 hours, centrifuging, washing, and drying. Preferred Components: The metal salt is iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, tin, ruthenium, copper nitrate and/or chloride salt. The carbon carrier is carbon powder, graphite, carbon nanotube or carbon nanofiber. The noble metal salt is molybdenum and/or palladium hydrochloride; or molybdenum and/or palladium alloy hydrochloride salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ferrocene amino acid gel factor is ferrocene-phenylalanine or ferrocene-diphenylalanine. The thickness of graphene oxide is 1-1.5 nm. Preferred Method: The pH of graphene oxide aqueous solution is adjusted to 7.4-10.0. Ultrasonic dispersion of ferrocene-amino acid powder is for 0.5-1 minute. The stock solution has concentration of 100-120 mg/mL. The mixed solution has concentration of 0.5-4 mg/mL. The preparation of graphene aerogel further comprises vacuum freeze-drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Silicon dioxide core seed is synthesized by mixing double-distilled water, ammonium hydroxide, and ethanol to form mixture A, dispersing ethyl orthosilicate in anhydrous ethanol to obtain mixture B, rapidly adding to mixture A, and stirring.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Boron source is hydroxybenzene boric acid. Mass ratio resorcinol:boron source is 1.5:1-4:1. Mass ratio resorcinol:formaldheyde is 1:1.4. Hydrofluoric acid concentration is 9-10%. Preferred Processes: Preparation of boron-doped carbon ball involves separately dissolving boron source and resorcinol in double-distilled water, adding solution, stirring for 1-3 minutes, adding formaldehyde solution dropwise, stirring and reacting at 25-30 degrees C for 12-24 hours, performing hydrothermal reaction at 100 degrees C for 12-24 hours, cooling, centrifuging at 8000-10000 rpm for 5-10 minutes, washing a number of times with double-distilled water and ethanol, and drying at 60-70 degrees C for 20-24 hours. Preparation of boron-doped hollow carbon ball involves centrifuging etched material at 10000-13000 rpm for 5-10 minutes, washing a number of times with double-distilled water and ethanol, and drying at 60-80 degrees C for 12-24 hours. Preferred Conditions: Sintering is performed at 700-900 degrees C for 2-4 hours. Etching time is 24-36 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Graphene is prepared by adding 1 g graphite and 1 g sodium nitrate (NaNO3) to 46 ml of 98% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution, slowly adding 6 g potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and 80 ml double distilled water, mechanically stirring for 20 minutes, controlling temperature to 80 plus minus 5 degrees C, continuously stirring for 30 minutes, adding 200 ml double distilled water, slowly adding 6 ml of 30 wt.% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) solution, hot-filtering, washing with double distilled water until filtered liquid is neutral, and dispersing obtained product in 500 ml double distilled water by ultrasonically treating at ultrasonic power of 150-200 W for 3 hours. Adsorption step is performed by ultrasonically dispersing 10 mg graphene to 1-2 ml deionized water, placing in hexachloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (H2PtCl6.6H2O) solution, and mixing in which weight reduction after loading Pt is 0.5-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The material further contains a phosphorescent luminescent material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Composition: The metal nanowire ink further comprises 0.0005-1 wt.% cross-linking agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The conductive coating has a sheet resistance of 95 Omega /square or less, optical transmittance of 94% or more and haze of no 0.9% or less. Preferred Composition: The metal traces comprise silver and/or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The nanostructured metal network comprises silver with loading amount of 0.5-200 mg/m2, and pattern which is approximately invisible under normal room lighting.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is an aqueous solvent. The fusing agent comprises halide anion, aqueous solvent or alcohol solvent, metal salt, reducing agent and/or base.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate comprises a polymer sheet. One portion of substrate surface is covered with a conductive coating, and another portion of the substrate surface is coated with electrically-insulating coating comprising polymer binder and metal nanowires and having sheet resistance of 20000 Omega /square or more, optical transmittance of 90% or more and haze of 1% or less. The polymer binder comprises polyurethane, acrylic resin, acrylic copolymer and/or cellulose. The crosslinkable organic polymer is polyurethane, acrylic resin, acrylic copolymer and/or cellulose. The processing additive is thickener. Preferred Property: The polymer overcoat has thickness of 500 nm to 10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The derivative (C) is preferably diallyl monoglycidyl isocyanurate compound of formula (II). The compound (A) is cyclohexene oxide group-containing compound, preferably 7-oxabicyclo(4.1.0)heptan-3-ylmethyl 7-oxabicyclo(4.1.0)heptane-3-carboxylate.R3,R4=H or 1-8C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The curable epoxy resin composition further contains rubber particles, curing agent, hardening accelerator, and curing catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (II) is present at less than or equal to 50 mass% of the whole composition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 280 Carbazole derivatives e.g. N,N-diphenyl-3-(9-(8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-6-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)aniline of formula (IX), N-phenyl-N-(3-(9-(8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-6-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-1-amine, N-phenyl-N-(3-(9-(8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-6-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-2-amine, 2-(9-(8-oxatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-6-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline, and N-(2-(9-(8-oxatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-6-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of alkali metal is 0.003-0.05 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon material comprises carbon nanotubes. The molar ratio of carbon material and alkali metal is 2:1. The carbon material comprises graphite, graphene, graphene nanoribbons or carbon nanotubes. The solvent is coordinating solvent comprising cyclic ether, preferably tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane or crown ether, and comprises amide, preferably N,N-dimethylacetamide. The functionalizing reagent is electrophile which is compound containing organic moiety of formula: R, and/or compound containing moiety including leaving group-containing compound of formula: R'-X. The reducing agent comprises alkali metal and charge transfer agent. The alkali metal comprises lithium, sodium, potassium or alloy. The charge transfer agent is naphthalene.R'=aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl or heteroaryl;X=halide;andR=aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, carbonyl, epoxy, disulfide or peroxide moiety.Preferred Process: The carbon material is contacted with reducing solution to dissolve impurities, in which the reducing solution comprises solvent and reducing agent comprising alkali metal.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 308 Amino group-containing carbazole derivatives are specifically claimed e.g. (2-(9-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-1-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-phenyl)-diphenyl-amine of formula (Ia), (2-(9-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-phenyl)-naphthalen-1-yl-phenyl-amine, (2-(9-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl-phenyl-amine, N-4"-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-4-yl)-3"-ethyl-N-4',N-4',N-4"-triphenyl-(1,1';3',1'')terphenyl-4',4''-diamine and N-4"-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-4-yl)-3"-ethyl-N-4',N-4',N-4"-triphenyl-(1,1';3',1")terphenyl-4',4"-diamine.