NOVELTY - Advanced liquid centrifuge for separation of a composition into two more fractions or parts, comprises an annulus for the containment of a composition, where annulus exists between a rotatable inner cylinder (IC), a rotatable cuter cylinder (OC), and rotatable rings (RR) which extend between the IC and the OC and particularly at or near its ends. The IC, the OC and the RR are all independently mobile, preferably rotatable, with respect each other.    USE - The advanced liquid centrifuge and methods are useful for separation of composition into two more fractions or parts; mixing two or more separate compositions to form mixture; performing chemical reaction and/or enhancing, and/or controlling chemical reaction within composition; and for process selected from separation of milk products in the dairy industry; the processing of foodstuffs and beverages, juice extraction, wine production; the separation of solids in wines, oil-water separation processes; waste oil processing; separation of liquid plastics into separate fractions; waste water treatment; water recycling or water purification processes; the separation of mined products; separation of metals from suspensions or slurries; separation of algae from fluids, suspensions or slurries; biofuel production processes and processing of spent nuclear fuels (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus may be constructed, configured and/or operated to promote reduced amplitude of turbulent motions and secondary circulations by special choice of the fluid boundary conditions, particularly at the region at the ends of the IC and OC. The apparatus and methods provide improved separation efficiencies unknown to the prior art, and also provide improved mixing characteristics also unknown to the prior art, due to the control of the relative rotational rates of the IC relative to the OC, and the provision of RR which extend between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder (which may or may not include inwardly extending flanges) and particularly at or near its ends and where RR may move, preferably rotate at a different speed than that of the IC and/or OC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Advanced liquid centrifuge for separation of a composition into two more fractions or parts, comprises an annulus for the containment of a composition, where annulus exists between a rotatable inner cylinder (IC), a rotatable outer cylinder (OC), and rotatable rings (RR) which extend between the IC and the OC and particularly at or near its ends. The IC, the OC and the RR are all independently mobile, preferably rotatable, with respect each other. The IC, the OC, and the RR are all concentric about a central axis, which may be oriented at any angle, but preferably horizontally, diagonally or vertically oriented. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a separation method for separation of a composition, into two or more component fractions or parts, which involves providing the composition to an apparatus comprising an annulus for the containment of a composition where annulus exists between a rotatable IC, a rotatable OC, and RR which extend between the IC and the OC, where elements are all independently mobile, preferably rotatable, with respect each other, such that a liquid can be retained within the annulus when of these elements are in motion, operating the apparatus in such a manner that the rotational speed of the IC, OC and rotational rings move at a speed which is different from the speed of the other IC, OC and rotational rings present within the device such that over an interval of time, the distribution of components present within a composition between the IC and the OC changes due to the motion of the elements of the apparatus (separation), and, optionally but preferably, withdrawing from the annulus two different separation products, which have different compositions and/or concentrations of the components previously provided to the apparatus and prior to the separation;    (2) a method of mixing two or more separate compositions to form a mixture, which involves providing the separate compositions to an apparatus which comprises an annulus for the containment of a composition which annulus exists between IC, OC, and RR which extend between the IC and the OC, where the elements are all independently mobile, preferably rotatable, with respect each other, and in which a liquid tight seal is present between adjacent elements such that a liquid can be retained within the annulus when of these elements are in motion; operating the apparatus in such a manner that the rotational speed of the IC, OC and rotational rings move at a speed, which is different from the speed of the other IC, OC and RR present within the device such that over an interval of time, the distribution of components (mixture) present within a composition between the IC and the OC changes due to the motion of the elements of the apparatus, and, optionally but preferably withdrawing from the annulus mixture product(s) formed within the annulus from the separate compositions previously provided to the apparatus; and    (3) a method for performing a chemical reaction and/or enhancing, and/or controlling a chemical reaction within a composition which involves providing compositions to an apparatus which comprises an annulus for the containment of a composition which annulus exists between IC, and OC, and RR which extend between the IC and the OC, where elements are all independently mobile, preferably rotatable, with respect each other, and in which a liquid tight seal is present between adjacent elements such that a liquid can be retained within the annulus when of these elements are in motion; operating the apparatus in such a manner that the rotational speed of the IC, OC and rotational rings move at a speed, e.g. rotational velocity which is different from the speed of the other IC, OC and rotational rings present within the device such that during the operation of the apparatus, chemical reactions occur within the annulus to form reaction products, optionally but preferably withdrawing from the annulus reaction product(s) formed within the annulus.