TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The high-capacity Li composition is connected to a current collector that is electrically separated from each of the anode and cathode electrodes. It comprises a surface coating that protects the high-capacity Li composition from interaction with dry air. The high-capacity Li composition comprises first and second, physically separated high capacity Li compositions. The cell is cylindrical and the high-capacity Li composition (i) has a rod shape or a cylinder shape and is located in the center of the cell and/or (ii) has a cylinder shape and is located in the periphery of the cell. The cell is a pouch cell or a prismatic cell. At least one of the ion-permeable electrodes comprises an ion-permeable current collector that comprises a filler material. The ion-permeable anode comprises an active material including silicon (Si). Ion-permeable cathode comprises an active material including a metal fluoride. At least one of the ion-permeable electrodes comprises holes through the electrode. At least one of the ion-permeable electrodes comprises an ion-permeable current collector produced using a process that involves electrodeposition. Preferred Parameters: At least one of the ion-permeable electrodes comprises an ion-permeable current collector that: (i) has a thickness of not less than 20 mu ; and (ii) comprises pores or through channels making up 1-20% of the cross-sectional area of the current collector. At least one of the ion-permeable electrodes comprises an ion-permeable current collector having pores with a size of 0.01-20 mu . The ion-permeable anode comprises an active material that exhibits a capacity of at least 400 milliampere hour (mAh)/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high-capacity Li composition comprises at least 60% Li atoms.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surface coating comprises a polymer layer that swells in electrolyte solvent. The filler material comprises a polymer or a polymer mixture. The polymer is a block co-polymer. The filler comprises ceramic particles of an elongated shape. Preferred Parameters: The polymer exhibits a Li-ion conductivity of at least 10-6 Siemens (S)/cm.