NOVELTY - Bacterial culture comprises (a) a biomass composition and a population of lactic acid bacteria, or (b) an isolated cell population and a biomass composition. The population of lactic acid bacteria comprises (a) (i) a first population of lactic acid bacteria which have been genetically modified to express a secreted cellulase, (ii) a second population of lactic acid bacteria which have been genetically modified to express a secreted xylanase, and (iii) a third population of lactic acid bacteria which have been genetically modified to produce ethanol.    USE - The bacterial culture is useful for producing ethanol (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The bacterial culture simply and cost-effectively produces ethanol.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Bacterial culture comprises (a) a biomass composition and a population of lactic acid bacteria, or (b) an isolated cell population and a biomass composition. The population of lactic acid bacteria comprises (a) (i) a first population of lactic acid bacteria which have been genetically modified to express a secreted cellulase, (ii) a second population of lactic acid bacteria which have been genetically modified to express a secreted xylanase, where the ratio of the first population:second population is selected such that the specific activity of cellulase:xylanase in the culture is greater than 4:1 or less than 1:4, and (iii) a third population of lactic acid bacteria which have been genetically modified to produce ethanol, or (b) the above-mentioned components (a) (i) and (a) (ii), where the first and/or said second population of lactic acid bacteria have been further genetically modified to produce ethanol. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) product of manufacture comprising (i) a first population of lactic acid bacteria which are genetically modified to express at least one fibrolytic enzyme, and (ii) a second population of lactic acid bacteria which are genetically modified to produce ethanol from 5C or 6C sugars, where the first population of lactic acid bacteria and the second population of lactic acid bacteria are packaged in separate packaging;    (2) isolated cell population comprising (i) a first population of lactic acid bacteria which are genetically modified to express at least one fibrolytic enzyme, and (ii) a second population of lactic acid bacteria which are genetically modified to produce ethanol from 5C or 6C sugars; and    (3) method of producing ethanol, involves propagating the culture under conditions that allow generation of the ethanol, thus producing the ethanol.