NOVELTY - Surfactant P123 and active component dissolved in distilled water at 20-50 degrees C, completely dissolved, non-polar solvent is added, stirred, acidic substance is added to adjust the pH value to 1.6-2, organic acid and tetraethyl orthosilicate are added, stirred at 60-150 degrees C for 2-72 hours in a reactor, crystallized for 12-100 hours, pH of the obtained solution is adjusted at 7.5-8 using ammonia, water is evaporated, dried in an oven at 80-120 degrees C for 8-72 hours, and calcined, to obtain Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. The active component contains cobalt salt and/or ruthenium salt.    USE - Preparation of three-dimensional foam catalyst for use in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method enables synthesis of Fischer-Tropsch catalyst having high heavy hydrocarbon selectivity and stability, and low methane selectivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Surfactant P123 and active component dissolved in distilled water at 20-50 degrees C, completely dissolved, non-polar solvent is added, stirred, acidic substance is added to adjust the pH value to 1.6-2, organic acid and tetraethyl orthosilicate are added, stirred at 60-150 degrees C for 2-72 hours in a reactor, crystallized for 12-100 hours, pH of the obtained solution is adjusted at 7.5-8 using ammonia, water is evaporated, dried in an oven at 80-120 degrees C for 8-72 hours, and calcined at 400-600 degrees C for 5-15 hours. The active component contains 10-30 wt.% cobalt salt and/or 1-5 wt.% ruthenium salt. The cobalt salt is cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetylacetonate and/or cobalt acetate. The ruthenium salt is ruthenium nitroso nitrate and/or ruthenium acetylacetonate. The mass ratio of surfactant P123, non-polar solvent, distilled water, organic acid, cobalt salt, additive and silicon source is 1:(0.4-3):29.1:(0.4-1.7):(0.35-1.2):(0-0.25):2.1. The mass ratio of surfactant P123, non-polar solvent, distilled water, organic acid, ruthenium salt and silicon source is 1:(0.4-3:29.1):(0.05-0.25):(0.02-0.1):(2.1). The non-polar solvent is cyclohexane, cycloheptane or cyclooctane. The mass fraction of the acidic substance is hydrochloric acid or 37% mass fraction of 65% nitric acid. The organic acid is oxalic acid or citric acid. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for usage of Fischer-Tropsch catalyst for preparing three-dimensional foam.