TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first layer is formed from a titanium dioxide-silicon dioxide composite sol or zirconium oxide-silicon dioxide sol and the second (top) layer is formed from a highly positive charge silicon dioxide nanoparticle sol over the titanium dioxide-silicon dioxide composite layer or zirconium oxide-silicon dioxide composite layer. The titanium dioxide-silicon dioxide composite sol is prepared by mixing tetra ethyl orthosilicate, ethanol, water, hydrogen chloride, titanium tetra isopropoxide, isopropanol and isopropoxy ethanol in a weight ratio of 20-50:10-60:5-30:0.1-1:0.1-1:5-20:1-5 preferably 30.61:39.51:19.76:0.12:0.42:8.22:1.36. The zirconium oxide-silicon dioxide composite sol is prepared by mixing tetra ethyl orthosilicate, ethanol, water, hydrogen chloride, zirconium-propoxide, isopropanol and 2-isopropoxy ethanol in a weight ration of 20-50:10-60:5-30:0.1-1: 0.1-1:5-20:1-5, preferably 30.61:39.51:19.76:0.12:0.7:7.98:1.32. The first layer is formed from a silicon oxide -MPTS sol and the second (top) layer is formed from a highly positive charge silicon dioxide nanoparticle sol over the silicon oxide-MPTS composite layer. The major portion of silica precursor containing sol mixture for preparation of the first (bottom) layer is prepared by mixing tetra ethyl orthosilicate, isopropanol, hydrogen chloride, water, mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane in a weight ratio of 10-30:40-80:0.1-1:5-20:0.1-1, preferably 20.35: 69.41: 0.17:9.79:0.28. The high refractive sols of both titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide are mixed for 1-24 hours, preferably 17 hours, the low refractive sol of silicon dioxide with MPTS is mixed for 1-24 hours, preferably 17 hours and other two silicon dioxide composite sols (silicon dioxide-titanium oxide and silicon dioxide-zirconium oxide) are mixed for 1-24 hours, preferably 24 hours during which time the solutions undergo hydrolysis, polycondensation and polymerization at a very slow rate. The second layer is prepared by mixing Levasil 200E (RTM: Silicon dioxide nano), isopropyl alcohol and 2-isopropoxy ethanol in a weight ration of 5-30:40-60:5-30, preferably 15.02:56.81:28.17. The coatings are applied on different substrates comprising glass tube, glass plate, automotive rear mirror, silicon wafer and plastics, comprising PMMA, PC or CR-39 lens by dip, spray, spin or flow coatings. The thickness of the bottom layer and top layers are 100-150 nm, preferably below 150 nm. The refractive index of the bottom and top layers layer are 1.3-1.5 preferably below 1.5. The water contact angle value of the top layer on all the substrate is 0 or 0- 50, preferably below observed right after drying process of top layer (before curing). The maximum average transmittance in the active solar is 300-1500 nm for coatings on the borosilicate glass tube and soda lime glass plate is 95.2-95.79% and 93.87-94.18%, average transmittance of 300-1000 nm for coatings on plastic substrates is 89.18-93.73%, 91.49-93.22% or 80.10-81.92%, and an average reflectance in the active solar range in 300-1500 nm for coatings on silicon-wafer is 21.3-21.6%. Preferred Method: The coating of both the layers is carried out by dip coating, and the dip tank and cantilevered arm of the dip coating machine are placed in a coating room having controlled humidity of 35-45% and a temperature of 20-25 ensuring deposition of transparent defect-free coating layers. In the step of dip coating withdrawal speeds of 0.5-3 mm/second and 0.5-3mm/seconds are maintained during deposition of the first coating layer and the second (top) coating layer, , while the hold time during dipping is maintained at about 30 second in case of both coatings. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.