NOVELTY - The electrode has a surfactant for attaching carbon nanoparticles to one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and metalloid oxide particles to form an electrode composition. A binder forms the electrode composition into a film or membrane, where the electrode has a specific capacity of 450 mAh/g of active material when cycled at a charge/discharge rate of about 0.1c. The surfactant has a net negative charge and a pH value greater than the pHpzc of one of metal particles, metal oxide particles, metalloid particles and metalloid oxide particles.    USE - High capacity electrode e.g. anode and cathode, for a battery (all claimed) i.e. thin film lithium-ion battery, in an electronic device. Uses include but are not limited to cell battery, automotive battery, computer battery and cell phone battery in a laptop computer, tablet computer, smartphone and hybrid or electric car.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode can effectively disperse carbon nanotubes into a non-aggregating homogenous and uniform manner and integration with metal oxides or metal particles or silicon or silicon oxides, thus providing materials with consistent electrical conductivity properties and/or improved capacitance for high performance energy storage systems and avoiding affecting the integrity and functionality of the electrode by volume changes in an ion-absorbing component, and hence enhancing capacity, performance and lifetime of energy storage systems. The electrode facilitates non-aggregation dispersion of nanoparticles to improve flow of ions or electrons and provide a more ordered structure which enhances mechanical and electrical properties, thus resulting in improved structural properties of the material as a whole and improved physical properties e.g. electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, increased tensile modulus (stiffness), flexural modulus, tensile strength, flexural strength, elasticity and toughness, and preventing or reducing aggregation among the nanoparticles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbon nanoparticles are selected from a group consisting of graphite nanoparticles, graphene nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers. The surfactant comprises one of a sulfate group, a sulfonate group, pyridinium group and an ammonium group. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a battery    (2) a method for preparing an electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram illustrating a method for forming an electrode for an electrochemical battery cell.    Step for preparing first suspension using carbon nanoparticles (1110)    Step for dispersing suspension by surfactant (1120)    Step for preparing second suspension using metal oxide particles, metal particles, metalloid particles and metalloid oxide particles (1130)    Step for dispersing second suspension and combining with first suspension (1140)    Step for filtering combined suspension and drying residue (1150)