NOVELTY - The rechargeable lithium battery has electrode assembly with first separator (43) having first substrate (45) including first side facing positive electrode (41) and second side facing negative electrode (42), and second separator (44) having second substrate (46) including third and fourth side facing negative and positive electrode, respectively. An organic layer (48) has organic material set on at least one of first or second side or is set on at least one of the third or fourth side. An inorganic layer (47) has inorganic material positioned on at least one of the second or third side.    USE - Rechargeable lithium battery e.g. prismatic battery, lithium polymer battery, cylindrical battery.    ADVANTAGE - The safety of rechargeable lithium battery e.g. explosion prevention due to overheating of the battery cell is improved by further decreasing the strength of battery cell to obtain better longitudinal compression. The performance and safety of rechargeable lithium battery is secured by preventing internal short-circuit due to formation of lithium dendrite and minimizing movement resistance of lithium ions when pores have a size within the range. The excellent safety as well as capacity of rechargeable lithium battery is secured due to excellent physical characteristics when substrate has thickness within the range. The thin rechargeable lithium battery is manufactured and is also prevented from expansion during charge and discharge cycle of the battery when organic layer has thickness within the range. The performance of rechargeable lithium battery is secured by uniformly coating the particles on substrate and minimizing resistance of lithium ions when inorganic material has particle size within the range.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The first and second substrates each contain polyolefin-based resin. The organic material contains particles selected from polyolefins, polyolefin derivatives, polyolefin wax, acryl-based polymers, or combinations thereof. The organic layer further contains a binder that is different from organic material such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxylmethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), a polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) copolymer, ethylene vinylacetate (EVA), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylbutyral (PVB), an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, acrylonitrile, a vinyl acetate derivative, polyethylene glycol, an acryl-based rubber, or a combination thereof. The inorganic material includes silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxyhydroxide, titanium dioxide, barium titanate, zinc peroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, titanium (IV) hydroxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, boron nitride, or a combination thereof.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional exploded view of the structure of a rechargeable lithium battery.    Positive electrode (41)    Negative electrode (42)    First separator (43)    Second separator (44)    First substrate (45)    Second substrate (46)    Inorganic layer (47)    Organic layer (48)