TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Positive electrode contains lithium compound, sodium compound, potassium compound, magnesium compound, calcium compound, nickel compound, iron compound, copper compound, or their combination. Lithium compound is chosen from lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiMnCoO2), lithium nickel aluminum oxide (LiNiCoAlO2), lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12), or preferably lithium iron hexafluorophosphate (Li2(FePO4F)2). Negative electrode contains carbon compound, titanate, silicon compound, germanium compound, or preferably silicon/lithium silicide. Polymer is configured to coordinate metal ions of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), rubidium (Rb) or their combination. Battery is Li-ion battery, Na-ion battery, K-ion battery, Ni-Li battery, nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery, Rb-ion battery, or Ca-ion battery. Initiator is persulfate, peroxide, thiosulfate or their combination. Preferred Parameters: Electric current generated between positive electrode and negative electrode is 0.001-10 V. Mixture is heated at 50-90 degrees C for 30 minutes-2 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Blocking agent is alcohol, imidazole, methyl imidazole, pyrazole, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, morpholine, pyridine, piperidine, alkyl malonate ester, acetoacetic ester, cyanoacetic ester, oxime, caprolactam, their combination or preferably 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Gel electrolyte composition contains solvent chosen from glycerol, sorbitol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, water, dioxane, benzonitrile, allyl methyl sulfone, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, 3-(methylsulfonyl)-1-propyne, vinylene carbonate, and their combination, or lithium salt chosen from lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7), lithium zirconate (Li2ZrO3), lithium titanate (Li2TiO3), lithium silicate (Li4SiO4), lithium aluminate (LiAlO2), lithium metaborate (LiBO2), lithium aluminosilicate (LiAlSi2O6), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3), and their combination.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polymer consists of greater than or equal to 1 monomeric units chosen from alkyl methacrylate, allyl methacrylate, thioalkyl methacrylate, vinyl benzene, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylate, methacrylate, alkyl acrylate, allyl acrylate, 2-methyl-acrylic acid 2-(2-oxo-imidazolidin-1-yl)-ethyl ester, 2-methyl-acrylic acid 2-(2-oxo-imidazolidin-1-yl)-methyl ester, (2,2-pentamethylene-1,3-oxazolidyl-3)ethylmethacrylate, 2-((2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)-oxylethyl-3-oxobutanoate, lithium 1-(2-(2-methyl-acryloyloxy)-ethoxycarbonyl)-propen-2-olate, sodium 1-(2-(2-methyl-acryloyloxy)-ethoxycarbonyl)-propen-2-olate, potassium 1-(2-(2-methyl-acryloyloxy)-ethoxycarbonyl)-propen-2-olate, furfuryl methacrylate, (polyethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, (poly-L-lactide)-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate, 2-methyl-acrylic acid(1,4jdioxan-2-yl ester, and copolymer, or polymer of iscyanatoethyl methacrylate. Gel electrolyte composition contains polymerization product of 2-methyl-acrylic acid 2-((3,4-dimethyl-pyrazole-1-carbonyl)-amino)ethyl ester. Concentration of polymer in gel electrolyte composition is 0.01-99 wt.%.