NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion element (10) comprises an electrode (2), an electron carrying layer (3), a photoelectric converting layer (6) containing a pigment (4) (I), a positive hole transport layer (7), and an electrode (8). The electron carrying layer is a coating film derived from an organic titanium oligomer.    USE - Photoelectric conversion element is used for manufacturing solar cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since positive hole transport layer is obtained as a uniform and firm polymer film having excellent stability with respect to stimulation of light and heat, the photoelectric conversion element has excellent durability such as thermal stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric conversion element comprises an electrode (2), an electron carrying layer, a photoelectric converting layer containing a pigment of formula ((R1)(R2)(R3)(R4)N)M(X1)(X2)(X3) (I), a positive hole transport layer, and an electrode (8). The electron carrying layer is a coating film derived from an organic titanium oligomer.    R1-R4=H or 2-6C polyethylene oxide group, or 1-6C linear or branched alkyl, 3-6C cycloalkyl or 4-10C aryl (all optionally substituted);    X1-X3=halo;and    M=group 14 atoms or transition metal.    R1-R4 are not simultaneously H. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of photoelectric conversion element, which involves forming a coating film derived from organic titanium oligomer as electron carrying layer on a substrate (1) having the electrode (2) on its surface, forming photoelectric converting layer on the electron carrying layer, forming positive hole transport layer on the photoelectric converting layer, and forming the electrode (8); and    (2) manufacture of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of the photoelectric conversion element.    Substrate (1)    Electrodes (2,8)    Electron carrying layer (3)    Pigment (4)    Photoelectric converting layer (6)    Positive hole transport layer (7)    Photoelectric conversion element (10)