NOVELTY - Iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst comprises iron, reduction additive, electronic additive and hydrogenation additive; the reduction additive includes copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium and/or zirconium; the electronic additive includes sodium, potassium or rubidium; the hydrogenation additive includes ruthenium, rhenium, palladium or platinum, where components are in the form of oxides; where the iron atom in the catalyst is 10-80 wt.%.    USE - Used as iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high catalytic activity, good stability, low inactivation rate, high selectivity for 2-4C olefins and selectivity of greater than 70% for 2-4C hydrocarbon, alkene selectivity of up to 90%, and is obtained from accessible raw materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst comprises iron, reduction additive, electronic additive and hydrogenation additive; the reduction additive includes copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium and/or zirconium; the electronic additive includes sodium, potassium or rubidium; the hydrogenation additive includes ruthenium, rhenium, palladium or platinum, where components are in the form of oxides; where the iron atom in the catalyst is 10-80 wt.%; where the atomic ratio o iron, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, electronic additive and hydrogenation additive is 200:0-50:0-200:0-200:0-200:0-200:0.5-30:0-10. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for preparing the iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, comprising (i) formulating iron precursor salt, reduction additive precursor salt and electronic additive precursor salt into 0.1-2 mol/l mixed salt solution, where the iron precursor salt is ferric nitrate or ferric sulfate, reduction additive precursor salt nitrate or sulfate, and the electronic additive precursor salt is nitrate, sulfate or chloride salt; (ii) mixing the mixed salt solution with 0.1-2.5 mol/l alkaline precipitation agent, and carrying out streaming precipitation reaction; (iii) allowing to stand, aging, filtering, washing the cake with water until the pH is 7-9, and drying the cake; and (iv) calcining the dried filter cake, cooling, densifying, tableting, and granulating.