NOVELTY - Cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata using winter fallow fields straw comprises (i) selecting winter fallow field planting site having adequate sunlight, dry soil and winter drainage capacity, (ii) culturing pure straw by taking fresh and dry straw, (iii) placing the dry straw bundle in small flat winter fallow field, then filling with water to soak, pedaling, and allowing the straw to absorb sufficient water, (iv) taking the resulting straw to prepare into straw elastic medium, (v) seeding by covering with straw, and seedling in bottles, (vi) fruiting, and (vii) harvesting.    USE - The method is useful for cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata using winter fallow fields straw (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata using winter fallow fields straw comprises (i) selecting winter fallow field planting site having adequate sunlight, dry soil and good winter drainage capacity, (ii) culturing pure straw, taking 4500- 5000 kg/acre fresh and dry straw, (iii) before seeding 3 days, placing the dry straw bundle in small flat winter fallow field, then filling with water to soak for 48 hours, pedaling once a day, and allowing the straw to absorb sufficient water, (iv) taking the resulting straw to prepare into straw elastic medium having 1 m width, 0.25 m height and 10-25 m length, straw elastic, and separating ridge and furrow with a distance of 1 m, (v) using plum-blossom shape hole sowing method, seeding by covering with straw to thickness of 5 cm, seedling in 600 bottles/acre, avoiding high temperature for sowing, then seedling after covering with black film, compacting the soil, and using water to drain the field, (vi) after seeding for 75-85 days, covering the grown mycelium with full soil layer, starting twisting, using a mulching film lifted with bamboo bow piece of 0.6-0.8 m in a short shed, fruiting during sunny day, spraying water for 3-4 days, where during rainy season no need to spray water, and (vii) harvesting when fungus film is starting to break.