TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Composition of matter containing conjugated polyelectrolytes is obtained in solvent and is subjected to dialysis. Fabricating process includes p-type doping the conjugated polyelectrolytes. Doping includes immersing the conjugated polyelectrolyte in solvent containing water and protonating the copolymer backbone. Fabrication process includes fabricating conjugated polyelectrolytes in a hole transport layer in solar cell, solution processing and casting a film containing p-type doped conjugated polyelectrolytes on a substrate, coating the p-type doped conjugated polyelectrolytes with bulk heterojunction polymer active region, treating the active region and depositing a cathode on the active region. Preferred Parameters: Conjugated polyelectrolytes are p-type doped. Self doped conjugated polyelectrolytes are pH neutral. Film has p-type electrical conductivity of greater than or equal to 1.5x 10-3 S/cm, preferably 1.5x 103-0.2 S/cm after depositing from solution containing conjugated polyelectrolytes. Copolymer has band gap of less than or equal to 2.14 eV, preferably less than or equal to 2.29 eV and ionization potential of less than or equal to 4.92 eV, preferably less than or equal to 5.15 eV. Cationic polarons are formed on the copolymer backbone and anionic groups increase stability of the cationic polarons by coulombic stabilization. Film has thickness and homogenous conductivity such that solar cell has power conversion efficiency (PCE) of greater than or equal to 6.2%, short circuit current density (Jsc) of greater than or equal to 13.5 mA/cm-2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of greater than or equal to 0.69 V, and fill factor (FF) of greater than or equal to 0.66, under 1.5 G irradiation. Hole transport layer has root mean square (RMS) surface roughness of less than or equal to 0.74 nm over area of 5 mu m by 5 mu m. Preferred Components: Copolymer contains 5,6-dihydrocyclopenta(c)-1,2-dithiole-3(4H)-thione (CPDT). Anionic side groups contain sulfonate anionic side groups. Conjugated polyelectrolytes are polyelectrolytes having poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-Cbutanylsulfonate-4H-cyclopenta-(2,1-b;3,4-b')-dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)) donor-acceptor backbone in which C is counterion or countercation such that doped conjugated polyelectrolyte is soluble in pH neutral solvent used during solution processing in a device, or polyelectrolytes having poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-potassiumbutanylsulfonate-4H-cyclopenta-(2,1-b;3,4-b')-dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)) donor-acceptor backbone. Counterion is chosen from potassium (K), tetrabutylammonium (TBA), and sodium (Na).