TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The lithium ion-conductive glass ceramic material contains 26-55 mol% phosphorus pentoxide, 0-15 mol% silicon dioxide, 0-50 mol% germanium oxide, 0-50 mol% titanium dioxide, 0-10 mol% zirconium oxide, 0-10 mol% metal oxide of formula: M2O3 (I), 0-15 mol% aluminum trioxide, 0-15 mol% gallium trioxide, and 3-25 mol% lithium oxide. The total content of germanium oxide and titanium dioxide in the lithium ion-conductive glass ceramic material is 25-50 mol%. The lithium ion-conductive glass ceramic material has a specified crystalline phase comprising lithium-aluminum-gallium-germanium-titanium phosphate-containing complex of formula: Li1+x(M, Al, Ga)x(Ge1-yTiy)2-x(PO4)3 (II), and/or lithium-titanium phosphate-containing complex of formula: Li1+x'+y'Qx'Ti2-x'Si3P3-y'O12 (III).x=0.8 or less;y=0-1;M=element chosen from neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, or ytterbium;x'=0-0.4;y'=0-0.6;andQ=aluminum or gallium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composite layer is non-reactive with respect to lithium metal and lithium ion-conductive glass ceramic material, and has high lithium metal ion-conductivity. The cathode contains a catholyte chosen from nonaqueous electrolytes containing an electrochemically-active material chosen from solid, liquid and gaseous oxidizers, and an ionic liquid. The cathode is capable of moving along an axis of cell, and drivable along cell axis away from the anode, when lithium metal is deposited. The lithium ion source is lithium carbonate, or lithium salt capable of dissociating in an acid solvent and releasing lithium ions into solution and non-lithium portion of salt as a gas. The acid is an acid excluding sulfuric acid. Preferred Property: The composite layer has an ionic conductivity of more than 10-4 S/cm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium ion-conductive barrier film contains physical organogel electrolyte, which is an organogel product of in situ thermo-irreversible gelation and single ion-predominant conduction.